986:(CAS), and validation and verification. CAS is based on evidence that is associated with a specific assembly. Typically the evidence is the source of the assembly (whether it is installed on the local machine or has been downloaded from the Internet). CAS uses evidence to determine the permissions granted to the code. When calling code demands that it be granted a specific permission, CLR performs a call stack walk checking every assembly of each method in the call stack for the required permission; if any assembly is not granted the permission, it will throw a security exception.
545:
228:
512:
documented on MSDN that have not been formally specified by the ECMA group, if a project chooses to implement them. This allows Mono and other projects to maintain feature parity with modern .NET features that have been introduced since the 4th edition was published without being at risk of patent litigation over the implementation of those features. The new grant does maintain the restriction that any implementation must maintain minimum compliance with the mandatory parts of the CLI specification.
51:
7634:
5879:
3672:
809:
7645:
3682:
1121:. The framework uses up to Generation 2 objects. Higher generation objects are garbage collected less often than lower generation objects. This raises the efficiency of garbage collection, as older objects tend to have longer lifetimes than newer objects. By ignoring older objects in most collection runs, fewer checks and compaction operations are needed in total.
3692:
60:
1771:
However, there are several libraries that are included with Mono, and commonly used by applications like Tomboy, that are not required by the standard. And just to be clear, we're not talking about
Windows-specific libraries like ASP.NET and Windows Forms. Instead, we're talking about libraries under
1204:
issues; ISO standards may include the disclaimer, "Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights." It is harder to develop alternatives to FCL, which
1095:
together to make free space on the managed heap contiguous again. Any reference to an object invalidated by moving the object is updated by GC to reflect the new location. The application is resumed after garbage collection ends. The latest version of .NET framework uses concurrent garbage collection
1048:
CLR frees the developer from the burden of managing memory (allocating and freeing up when done); it handles memory management itself by detecting when memory can be safely freed. Instantiations of .NET types (objects) are allocated from the managed heap; a pool of memory managed by CLR. As long as a
797:
based APIs found in UWP and
Silverlight. New CLI's implementations are encouraged to implement a version of the Standard Library allowing them to run existent third-party libraries with no need of creating new versions of them. The .NET Standard Library allows an independent evolution of the library
792:
With the introduction of alternative CLI's implementations (e.g., Silverlight), Microsoft introduced the concept of
Portable Class Libraries (PCL) allowing a consuming library to run on more than one implementation. With the further proliferation of implementations, the PCL approach failed to scale
563:
Common
Language Infrastructure (CLI) provides a language-neutral platform for application development and execution. By implementing the core aspects of .NET Framework within the scope of CLI, these functions will not be tied to one language but will be available across the many languages supported
527:
even in scenarios where formerly a commercial license was needed. Microsoft also supplemented its prior patent promise for Mono, stating that they will not assert any "applicable patents" against parties that are "using, selling, offering for sale, importing, or distributing Mono." It was announced
1148:
The garbage collector, which is integrated into the environment, can introduce unanticipated delays of execution over which the developer has little direct control. "In large applications, the number of objects that the garbage collector needs to work with can become very large, which means it can
496:
511:
because
Microsoft's earlier grants applied only to the technology in "covered specifications", including strictly the 4th editions each of ECMA-334 and ECMA-335. The new patent promise, however, places no ceiling on the specification version, and even extends to any .NET runtime technologies
1007:
programs enable developers with no reverse-engineering skills to view the source code behind unobfuscated .NET assemblies. In contrast, apps compiled to native machine code are much harder to reverse-engineer, and source code is almost never produced successfully, mainly because of compiler
661:. The public key token determines the real-world identity of the assembly's signer. Only those knowing their private key (of the double-key cryptography system) can sign assemblies that have the same strong name as a prior version assembly. Strong naming is required to add assemblies to
379:
fixes to that version have been released since then. No further changes to that version are planned. The .NET Framework will continue to be included with future releases of
Windows and continue to receive security updates, with no plans to remove it as of September 2024.
1077:). These include references to static objects, objects defined as local variables or method parameters currently in scope, and objects referred to by CPU registers. When GC runs, it pauses the application and then, for each object referred to in the root, it
1085:
to discover the objects encapsulated by an object, and then recursively walk them. It then enumerates all the objects on the heap (which were initially allocated contiguously) using reflection. All objects not marked as reachable are garbage. This is the
804:
is the package manager for all .NET platforms. It is used to retrieve third-party libraries into a .NET project with a global library feed at NuGet.org. Private feeds can be maintained separately, e.g., by a build server or a file system directory.
1137:, and caches the executable program into the .NET Native Image Cache. Due to caching, the application launches faster for subsequent launches, although the first launch is usually slower. To speed up the first launch, developers may use the
913:
constructs supported by CLR and how they may or may not interact conforming to CLI specifications. Because of this feature, .NET Framework supports the exchange of types and object instances between libraries and applications written using
876:
Because computer systems commonly require interaction between newer and older applications, .NET Framework provides means to access functions implemented in newer and older programs that execute outside .NET environment. Access to
5933:
4095:
535:
Microsoft's press release highlights that the cross-platform commitment now allows for a fully open-source, modern server-side .NET stack. Microsoft released the source code for WPF, Windows Forms and WinUI on
December 4, 2018.
2498:
1068:
garbage collector. GC runs only when a set amount of memory has been used or there is enough pressure for memory on the system. Since it is not guaranteed when the conditions to reclaim memory are reached, GC runs are
950:
While
Microsoft has never implemented the full framework on any system except Microsoft Windows, it has engineered the framework to be cross-platform, and implementations are available for other operating systems (see
371:. Since then, Microsoft has changed .NET development to more closely follow a contemporary model of a community-developed software project, including issuing an update to its patent promising to address the concerns.
706:
namespaces. These class libraries implement many common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation. The class libraries are available for all
1205:
is not described by an open standard and may be subject to copyright restrictions. Also, parts of FCL have
Windows-specific functions and behavior, so implementation on non-Windows platforms can be problematic.
2028:
374:
In April 2019, Microsoft released .NET Framework 4.8, the last major version of the framework as a proprietary offering, followed by .NET Framework 4.8.1 in August 2022. Only monthly security and reliability
854:
Assemblies compiled using the C++/CLI compiler are termed mixed-mode assemblies since they contain native and managed code in the same DLL. Such assemblies are more complex to reverse engineer since .NET
1090:
phase. Since the memory held by garbage is of no consequence, it is considered free space. However, this leaves chunks of free space between objects which were initially contiguous. The objects are then
2864:
432:". The firms agreed to meet these terms, and to make the patents available royalty-free. However, this did not apply to the part of the .NET Framework not covered by ECMA-ISO standards, which included
2368:
1803:
1255:) provides an implementation of CLI, parts of FCL, and a C# compiler. It supports a variety of CPUs and operating systems. The project was discontinued, with the last stable release in 2009.
793:(PCLs are defined intersections of API surface between two or more implementations). As the next evolutionary step of PCL, the .NET Standard Library was created retroactively based on the
1266:
implementation of CLR. However, the last version runs on
Windows XP SP2 only, and has not been updated since 2006. Thus, it does not contain all features of version 2.0 of .NET Framework.
3728:
1910:
971:(ISO), making them available as official standards. This makes it possible for third parties to create compatible implementations of the framework and its languages on other platforms.
5913:
2286:
2494:
7685:
1200:. Other implementations for parts of the framework exist. Although the runtime engine is described by an ECMA-ISO specification, other implementations of it may be encumbered by
2609:
2898:
2119:
2238:
1245:. It includes support for ASP.NET, ADO.NET, and Windows Forms libraries for a wide range of architectures and operating systems. It also includes C# and VB.NET compilers.
2561:
1602:
1053:
of objects, the object is considered to be in use. When no reference to an object exists, and it cannot be reached or used, it becomes garbage, eligible for collection.
1725:
1695:
344:
with the .NET Framework and other libraries. The framework is intended to be used by most new applications created for the Windows platform. Microsoft also produces an
4049:
2036:
1571:
2400:
1721:
1691:
968:
422:
6649:
650:
for the assembly. The complete name of an assembly (not to be confused with the file name on disk) contains its simple text name, version number, culture, and
2852:
3721:
1259:
1841:
6664:
4496:
4039:
429:
428:
While Microsoft and their partners hold patents for CLI and C#, ECMA and ISO require that all patents essential to implementation be made available under "
1064:
from the application's thread, that enumerates all the unusable objects and reclaims the memory allocated to them. It is a non-deterministic, compacting,
6829:
5906:
1941:
503:
In November 2014, Microsoft also produced an update to its patent grants, which further extends the scope beyond its prior pledges. Prior projects like
4044:
2312:
4969:
4086:
3233:
2364:
2338:
2260:
1657:
1624:
461:(Ms-RSL). The source code repository became available online on January 16, 2008, and included BCL, ASP.NET, ADO.NET, Windows Forms, WPF, and XML.
7670:
6486:
4455:
4169:
3714:
394:
Microsoft began developing .NET Framework in the late 1990s, originally under the name of Next Generation Windows Services (NGWS), as part of the
930:. This prevents ill-defined casts, wrong method invocations, and memory size issues when accessing an object. This also makes most CLI languages
578:.NET Framework includes the Common Language Runtime (CLR). It serves as the execution engine of .NET Framework and offers many services such as
4834:
4685:
4445:
3424:
367:
communities, expressed their unease with the selected terms and the prospects of any free and open-source implementation, especially regarding
1896:
7520:
5899:
4470:
4460:
4435:
3258:
2588:
2527:
1101:
1057:
591:
7690:
7649:
5922:
5851:
5560:
4579:
2067:
1540:
363:
the software stack almost immediately, even before its first release. Despite the standardization efforts, developers, mainly those in the
2159:
2639:
7700:
6899:
6539:
6123:
5958:
4738:
3048:
2411:
2089:
7071:
6980:
6496:
6128:
5585:
4630:
4602:
4529:
4205:
3596:
2988:
2290:
1873:
1453:
458:
345:
2950:
2605:
5300:
4829:
4806:
2886:
2829:
1082:
1009:
695:
2727:
2213:
2129:
1172:
has expressed hope that this SIMD support will be adopted by CLR's ECMA standard. Streaming SIMD Extensions have been available in
5385:
2230:
1971:
7695:
7680:
5882:
5770:
5605:
5380:
4867:
4781:
4501:
4355:
3456:
2468:
774:
2437:
1223:, albeit with an amount of hacking, and with limited functionalities) and debugging (in an emulator or on hardware), both using
753:
FCL refers to the entire class library that ships with .NET Framework. It includes BCL, an expanded set of libraries, including
6819:
6799:
6762:
6724:
6709:
5861:
5632:
5375:
4791:
4164:
4134:
3614:
3481:
3436:
2697:
762:
669:
3130:
3100:
2666:
2553:
1594:
1215:
is a .NET platform for extremely resource-constrained devices. It includes a small version of CLR and supports development in
7565:
7147:
6674:
5515:
5475:
5132:
5122:
4883:
4824:
4544:
4034:
3998:
3922:
3912:
3737:
3685:
3285:
1717:
1687:
1216:
960:
558:
414:
410:
389:
258:
1791:
1188:
also have SIMD extensions. In case the CPU lacks support for those extensions, the instructions are simulated in software.
6689:
5699:
5345:
5275:
5117:
4981:
4695:
3409:
3070:
1563:
364:
2759:
7530:
7399:
7086:
7076:
6950:
6854:
6714:
6071:
6026:
5802:
5615:
5495:
5480:
5405:
4962:
4819:
4690:
4680:
4668:
4079:
4013:
3958:
3778:
3761:
3226:
2415:
2389:
Gartner, Inc. as reported in "Hype Cycle for Cyberthreats, 2006", September 2006, Neil MacDonald; Amrit Williams, et al.
2234:
1758:
1500:
1130:
992:
890:
844:
614:
602:
516:
3010:
2920:
1997:
544:
7638:
7006:
6965:
6864:
6719:
6516:
6231:
6181:
5846:
5580:
5455:
5390:
4931:
4844:
4796:
3943:
3487:
3475:
1313:
104:
444:. Patents that Microsoft holds in these areas may have deterred non-Microsoft implementations of the full framework.
3160:
7228:
7108:
6814:
6313:
5953:
5946:
5941:
5620:
5305:
4673:
4440:
4407:
4241:
3953:
1070:
1065:
974:
Core cross-platform .NET (formerly .NET Core) is officially available also for many Linux distributions and MacOS.
1829:
1404:
425:(ISO) followed in April 2003. The current version of ISO standards are ISO/IEC 23271:2012 and ISO/IEC 23270:2006.
7560:
7525:
6955:
6945:
6884:
6794:
6684:
6654:
6303:
6001:
5730:
5610:
5520:
5137:
4995:
4663:
4465:
4382:
4159:
4154:
4129:
3430:
1153:
1142:
1081:
enumerates all the objects reachable from the root objects and marks them as reachable. It uses CLI metadata and
770:
274:
1456:(MFC), an object-oriented abstraction used to ease Windows-based application programming prior to .NET Framework
668:
Starting with Visual Studio 2015, .NET Native compilation technology allows for the compilation of .NET code of
6925:
6869:
6849:
6694:
6463:
6348:
5856:
5797:
5704:
5637:
5335:
5162:
5000:
4640:
4428:
4392:
3824:
3783:
3766:
3419:
1753:
1470:
939:
718:
BCL includes a small subset of the entire class library and is the core set of classes that serve as the basic
687:
6238:
2793:
2313:"Technical Report TR/84 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) – Information Derived from Partition IV XML File"
1933:
672:
directly to machine code rather than CIL code, but the app must be written in either C# or Visual Basic.NET.
528:
that the Mono Project was contributed to the .NET Foundation. These developments followed the acquisition of
7510:
7505:
7349:
7344:
7304:
7264:
7214:
6960:
6704:
6699:
6574:
6549:
6511:
6481:
6431:
6243:
6166:
6091:
6011:
5986:
5395:
5099:
5073:
4955:
4926:
4911:
4888:
4635:
4625:
4559:
4072:
3604:
3341:
3330:
3253:
3219:
1224:
848:
681:
573:
349:
294:
290:
270:
959:). Microsoft submitted the specifications for CLI (which includes the Base Class Libraries, CTS, and CIL),
7675:
7490:
7454:
7066:
7051:
6809:
6767:
6659:
6589:
6506:
6491:
6086:
5157:
5043:
4592:
4587:
4569:
4539:
4397:
4109:
3857:
3576:
3571:
3535:
3292:
2316:
1368:
1138:
1050:
878:
735:
469:
1772:
the System namespace that provide common functionality programmers expect in modern programming languages
1227:. It also features a subset of .NET Framework Class Library (about 70 classes with about 420 methods), a
7619:
7439:
7384:
7324:
7309:
7118:
6789:
6744:
6601:
6554:
5866:
5535:
5500:
5420:
5187:
4857:
4776:
4771:
4324:
4236:
4139:
4018:
3897:
3809:
3441:
3322:
2342:
2264:
1665:
1632:
1465:
1134:
952:
915:
739:
734:. BCL classes are available in .NET Framework as well as in CLI's alternative implementations including
708:
662:
610:
35:
839:
programs to run within the .NET Framework. Some parts of the C++ program still run within an unmanaged
495:
7604:
7599:
7444:
7414:
7379:
7269:
6975:
6970:
6874:
6824:
6782:
6752:
6639:
6226:
6191:
6138:
6076:
5355:
5235:
4658:
4360:
4309:
4210:
4149:
4003:
3862:
3756:
3392:
3297:
1356:
1299:
1212:
983:
910:
646:
files. Each assembly consists of one or more files, one of which must contain a manifest bearing the
635:
520:
473:
356:
278:
2189:
893:(P/Invoke). Access to .NET functions from native applications is via the reverse P/Invoke function.
7545:
7404:
7359:
7334:
7289:
7235:
7034:
6889:
6772:
6221:
6206:
6146:
6066:
6036:
5789:
5330:
5078:
5053:
4733:
4716:
4617:
4524:
4263:
3451:
2531:
996:
778:
630:
337:
321:
187:
2585:
7550:
7500:
7274:
7193:
7179:
7098:
6804:
6644:
6611:
6584:
6579:
6253:
6156:
6151:
6051:
5642:
5555:
5525:
5167:
5063:
5028:
4947:
4304:
4144:
3773:
3751:
3352:
1661:
1628:
1476:
1361:
1061:
1021:
964:
902:
786:
712:
587:
418:
302:
246:
192:
147:
2059:
1532:
1269:
CrossNet is an implementation of CLI and parts of FCL. It is free software using an open source
227:
2495:"The .NET Framework 4.5 includes new garbage collector enhancements for client and server apps"
2151:
1073:. Each .NET application has a set of roots, which are pointers to objects on the managed heap (
7614:
7540:
7495:
7394:
7389:
7364:
7319:
7284:
7154:
6458:
6268:
6101:
5745:
5677:
5530:
5485:
5400:
5270:
5197:
4916:
4786:
4728:
4554:
4334:
4288:
3917:
3462:
3377:
2631:
1185:
1033:
595:
579:
360:
298:
286:
254:
170:
3695:
7555:
7464:
7299:
7242:
7200:
7061:
7029:
6985:
6940:
6859:
6619:
6416:
6293:
6283:
6046:
6041:
5812:
5350:
5058:
5048:
4387:
4273:
3503:
3365:
1426:
1181:
1029:
715:(BCL) and other class libraries—some are specified by CLI and other are Microsoft specific.
199:
160:
130:
2980:
2261:"ECMA 335 – Standard ECMA-335 Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) 4th edition (June 2006)"
1863:
1231:
framework loosely based on WPF, and additional libraries specific to embedded applications.
1168:
Extensions as of version 2.2 within the Mono.Simd namespace in 2009. Mono's lead developer
7591:
7474:
7449:
7434:
7424:
7374:
7369:
7123:
6757:
6473:
6338:
6328:
6273:
6258:
6116:
6006:
5841:
5662:
5600:
5510:
5435:
5360:
5340:
5068:
4268:
3878:
3647:
3609:
3307:
2958:
2592:
2217:
1416:
1331:
1234:
1201:
1169:
1161:
1016:
and the bypassing of license control mechanisms. To mitigate this, Microsoft has included
1000:
747:
504:
368:
329:
3201:
3040:
2815:
2210:
2719:
2528:"Garbage Collection—Part 2: Automatic Memory Management in the Microsoft .NET Framework"
2097:
1096:
along with user code, making pauses unnoticeable, because it is done in the background.
17:
7081:
6624:
6436:
6426:
6411:
6343:
6211:
6186:
6161:
6111:
6081:
5991:
5667:
5410:
5225:
5177:
5023:
4329:
4200:
3988:
3948:
3819:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3631:
3520:
1963:
942:
extended the CLR, allowing dynamically typed languages to be implemented atop the CLI.
935:
860:
626:
477:
313:
139:
2472:
2441:
476:
variants of the .NET Framework provided support for other Microsoft platforms such as
7664:
7570:
7429:
7329:
6669:
6629:
6406:
6381:
6373:
6308:
6176:
5976:
5627:
5595:
5565:
5265:
5033:
4862:
4852:
4766:
4650:
4519:
4450:
4283:
4278:
3675:
3493:
3469:
3446:
3402:
3312:
1825:
1787:
1383:
1263:
1238:
1237:
is an implementation of CLI and FCL, and provides added functions. It is licensed as
832:
754:
462:
447:
433:
395:
266:
3138:
2689:
7339:
7294:
7221:
7186:
6894:
6844:
6634:
6386:
6333:
6298:
6216:
6196:
6016:
5996:
5490:
5310:
5255:
5250:
4921:
4564:
3983:
3626:
3561:
3387:
3382:
3108:
2662:
2029:"Announcing Open Source of WPF, Windows Forms, and WinUI at Microsoft Connect 2018"
1394:
1248:
1157:
1013:
989:
840:
836:
606:
376:
325:
306:
50:
1024:
since 2002. Third-party obfuscation tools are also available from vendors such as
808:
654:
token. Assemblies are considered equivalent if they share the same complete name.
5295:
3706:
2438:"Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management in the Microsoft .NET Framework"
1036:. Method-level encryption tools for .NET code are available from vendors such as
7409:
7354:
7259:
7113:
7001:
6879:
6734:
6526:
6501:
6096:
5709:
5440:
5260:
5083:
5038:
4906:
4814:
4549:
4253:
4195:
4190:
4064:
3621:
3543:
3397:
3336:
1409:
1379:
1324:
1307:
1282:
Microsoft managed code frameworks and their components are licensed as follows:
1270:
1242:
1177:
1017:
931:
927:
856:
658:
583:
524:
489:
485:
454:
341:
317:
5891:
3078:
1196:.NET Framework was the predominant implementation of CLI, until the release of
722:
of CLR. For .NET Framework most classes considered being part of BCL reside in
7314:
7138:
6679:
6569:
6443:
6363:
6288:
6106:
5775:
5750:
5725:
5280:
5192:
5172:
5147:
4534:
4475:
4339:
4258:
3973:
3968:
3927:
3512:
2767:
1004:
651:
481:
135:
70:
781:(WF). FCL is much larger in scope than standard libraries for languages like
6935:
6930:
6564:
6453:
6401:
6171:
5755:
5672:
5550:
5365:
5320:
5285:
5230:
4978:
4936:
3963:
3652:
3525:
3414:
3018:
2928:
2894:
2860:
2853:"Announcing the release of .NET Framework 4.5 RTM – Product and Source Code"
2825:
2005:
1901:
1837:
1799:
1748:
1688:"ISO/IEC 23271:2012 Information technology – Common Language Infrastructure"
1208:
Some alternative implementations of parts of the framework are listed here.
1078:
1012:. This creates concerns in the business community over the possible loss of
906:
828:
822:
743:
691:
402:
333:
250:
75:
450:
is the first client version of Windows that integrated the .NET Framework.
1718:"ISO/IEC 23270:2006 – Information technology – Programming languages – C#"
7515:
7419:
7279:
7039:
6904:
6534:
6391:
6278:
6263:
6201:
6061:
6021:
5820:
5735:
5545:
5505:
5430:
5415:
5370:
5152:
5142:
4319:
4119:
4114:
3978:
3168:
982:.NET Framework has its own security mechanism with two general features:
647:
508:
465:
of Microsoft promised that LINQ, WCF, and WF libraries were being added.
282:
1499:
The license was formerly abbreviated Ms-RL, but Ms-RL now refers to the
690:. The .NET Framework Class Library (FCL) is organized in a hierarchy of
7535:
7469:
7207:
7093:
7056:
7044:
6729:
6448:
6421:
6396:
6358:
6056:
5981:
5652:
5570:
5540:
5470:
5445:
5325:
5245:
5182:
4761:
4756:
4721:
4597:
4423:
4365:
4314:
4231:
4215:
4008:
3993:
3657:
3582:
3548:
3372:
3360:
1129:
When an application is first launched, the .NET Framework compiles the
1037:
766:
758:
529:
441:
437:
277:(each language can use code written in other languages) across several
3206:
3194:
7609:
7459:
7128:
6909:
6834:
5825:
5693:
5450:
5425:
5290:
5240:
4375:
4248:
3883:
3302:
2124:
1868:
1252:
1220:
1025:
156:
2789:
1864:"Microsoft Patent Promise for .NET Libraries and Runtime Components"
1049:
reference to an object exists, which may be either direct, or via a
398:. By early 2000, the first beta versions of .NET 1.0 were released.
782:
598:. All programs written for .NET Framework are executed by the CLR.
532:, which began in February 2016 and was finished on March 18, 2016.
457:
for .NET Framework 3.5 libraries was to become available under the
7575:
7011:
6839:
6544:
6318:
6031:
5765:
5740:
5647:
5575:
5465:
5127:
4402:
3566:
1436:
807:
801:
686:.NET Framework includes an implementation of the CLI foundational
657:
A private key can also be used by the creator of the assembly for
543:
494:
406:
152:
59:
305:. As such, computer code written using .NET Framework is called "
7103:
6777:
6596:
6559:
5760:
5590:
5315:
5215:
4491:
4370:
4174:
4124:
3847:
3274:
3242:
2820:
1459:
1341:
1197:
1165:
262:
216:
180:
31:
5895:
4951:
4068:
3710:
3215:
7021:
6353:
6323:
6248:
5657:
5460:
4700:
1906:
1228:
1173:
889:
namespaces of the framework. Access to other functions is via
719:
643:
629:. As mandated by the specification, assemblies are stored in
843:
Runtime, while specially modified parts are translated into
1149:
take a very long time to visit and rearrange all of them."
1117:. Generation 1 objects that survive another collection are
548:
Visual overview of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
2760:"Using VB.NET with the .NET Micro Framework «/dev/mobile"
1625:"Standard ECMA-335: Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)"
1160:
from April 2014 in Visual Studio 2013 Update 2. However,
1113:. Objects that survive one garbage collection are tagged
3211:
2231:"Scott Guthrie: Silverlight and the Cross-Platform CLR"
765:(WPF), and also extensions to the base class libraries
309:". FCL and CLR together constitute the .NET Framework.
601:
Programs written for .NET Framework are compiled into
1284:
1099:
The garbage collector used by .NET Framework is also
633:(PE) file format, common on Windows platform for all
2181:
926:
CTS and the CLR used in .NET Framework also enforce
7588:
7483:
7252:
7171:
7164:
7137:
7020:
6994:
6918:
6743:
6610:
6525:
6472:
6372:
6137:
5967:
5834:
5811:
5788:
5718:
5686:
5206:
5108:
5092:
5016:
5009:
4988:
4897:
4876:
4843:
4805:
4747:
4709:
4649:
4616:
4578:
4510:
4484:
4416:
4348:
4297:
4224:
4183:
4102:
4027:
3936:
3905:
3896:
3871:
3840:
3833:
3792:
3744:
3640:
3595:
3534:
3511:
3502:
3351:
3321:
3267:
2289:. ISO Standards. September 29, 2006. Archived from
812:
UML package diagram of the stream hierarchy in .NET
798:and app model layers within the .NET architecture.
281:. Programs written for .NET Framework execute in a
261:(CLI) until being superseded by the cross-platform
211:
198:
186:
176:
166:
146:
129:
103:
81:
69:
2887:"Announcing .NET 2015 Preview: A New Era for .NET"
2690:"Mono's SIMD Support: Making Mono safe for Gaming"
2663:"Mono's SIMD Support: Making Mono safe for Gaming"
2339:"Standard ECMA-372 C++/CLI Language Specification"
1830:".NET Framework Library Source Code now available"
938:). However, starting with .NET Framework 4.0, the
605:(CIL), as opposed to being directly compiled into
340:. Programmers produce software by combining their
1792:"Releasing the Source Code for the NET Framework"
835:2005, which is a language and means of compiling
484:and other resource-constrained embedded devices.
453:On October 3, 2007, Microsoft announced that the
1782:
1780:
956:
2816:"Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable EULA"
1533:"Download .NET Framework 4.8 Offline Installer"
257:. It was the predominant implementation of the
1897:"Xamarin's Mono runtime gets a looser license"
1722:International Organization for Standardization
1692:International Organization for Standardization
1658:"Standard ECMA-334: C# Language Specification"
969:International Organization for Standardization
423:International Organization for Standardization
5907:
4963:
4080:
3722:
3227:
2554:"Understanding .NET Just-In-Time Compilation"
609:. During execution, an architecture-specific
8:
7686:Microsoft application programming interfaces
3011:"ASP.NET MVC, Web API and Web Pages (Razor)"
1991:
1989:
1495:
1493:
1321:Reference source code of .NET Framework 4.6
1260:Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure
1152:.NET Framework provides support for calling
1060:(GC) which runs periodically, on a separate
43:
30:For the newer cross-platform framework, see
1934:"Xamarin now comes free with Visual Studio"
7644:
7168:
5914:
5900:
5892:
5013:
4970:
4956:
4948:
4739:Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)
4087:
4073:
4065:
3902:
3837:
3729:
3715:
3707:
3681:
3508:
3234:
3220:
3212:
2606:"Understanding Garbage Collection in .NET"
1652:
1650:
1595:".NET Framework & Windows OS versions"
1564:"Microsoft gets on board with open source"
515:On March 31, 2016, Microsoft announced at
226:
58:
42:
2365:".NET Goes Cross-Platform with .NET Core"
1296:.NET Framework (redistributable package)
1219:(though some developers were able to use
297:that provides services such as security,
2758:Fairbairn, Christopher (April 1, 2008).
2581:
2579:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2341:. ECMA. December 1, 2005. Archived from
27:Software platform developed by Microsoft
4170:Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform
1524:
1489:
430:reasonable and non-discriminatory terms
417:. By December 2001, both were ratified
4165:DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI)
3425:Extensible Application Markup Language
3051:from the original on February 21, 2021
2642:from the original on November 22, 2016
2371:from the original on February 19, 2024
2192:from the original on February 21, 2021
1876:from the original on February 21, 2021
1806:from the original on September 7, 2010
1605:from the original on September 3, 2022
7521:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base
2987:. .NET Foundation. February 5, 2020.
2796:from the original on January 25, 2010
2688:de Icaza, Miguel (November 3, 2008).
2669:from the original on November 4, 2010
2661:de Icaza, Miguel (November 3, 2008).
2612:from the original on October 10, 2019
2501:from the original on February 4, 2016
2211:Mixed (Native and Managed) Assemblies
2070:from the original on December 3, 2017
1728:from the original on December 6, 2010
7:
5852:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
5561:Text Template Transformation Toolkit
4982:free and open-source software (FOSS)
3691:
2901:from the original on August 19, 2016
2867:from the original on October 4, 2016
2263:. ECMA. June 1, 2006. Archived from
1761:from the original on August 19, 2009
1574:from the original on January 2, 2020
1543:from the original on August 15, 2019
6650:Distributed Transaction Coordinator
2991:from the original on March 24, 2018
2412:Queensland University of Technology
2315:. ECMA. 1 June 2006. Archived from
2162:from the original on April 19, 2016
2152:"An update on ASP.NET Core 1.0 RC2"
1974:from the original on April 16, 2016
1964:"Microsoft Patent Promise for Mono"
1913:from the original on April 16, 2016
1844:from the original on March 18, 2015
1698:from the original on March 17, 2012
1180:. Some other architectures such as
1176:CPUs since the introduction of the
1109:. Newly created objects are tagged
6981:User Interface Privilege Isolation
4631:Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
4603:Distributed Component Object Model
4050:Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET
2832:from the original on April 2, 2015
2564:from the original on June 11, 2013
1944:from the original on April 2, 2016
1932:Ferraira, Bruno (March 31, 2016).
1562:Ibanez, Luis (November 19, 2014).
1454:Microsoft Foundation Class Library
1310:of .NET Framework 4.5 and earlier
847:and run with the .NET Framework's
696:application programming interfaces
499:Microsoft .NET Framework v4.5 logo
459:Microsoft Reference Source License
346:integrated development environment
25:
3202:Overview of .NET Framework (MSDN)
3167:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
3137:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
3107:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
3077:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
3047:. .NET Foundation. July 5, 2017.
3017:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
2957:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
2927:. .NET Foundation. Archived from
2851:Bray, Brandon (August 15, 2012).
2700:from the original on July 2, 2022
2399:Cifuentes, Cristina (July 1994).
2241:from the original on May 22, 2015
2060:"Compiling Apps with .NET Native"
2027:Gallo, Kevin (December 4, 2018).
1512:Dotfuscator Community Edition 4.0
603:Common Intermediate Language code
7643:
7633:
7632:
5878:
5877:
5771:TPM 2.0 Reference Implementation
5606:Windows Communication Foundation
5381:Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout
3690:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3457:Windows Communication Foundation
2730:from the original on May 6, 2022
2720:"SIMD-accelerated types in .NET"
2090:"Base Class Libraries Community"
1996:Friedman, Nat (March 31, 2016).
1145:and cache any .NET application.
905:(CTS) that defines all possible
881:(COM) components is provided in
775:Windows Communication Foundation
49:
6710:Remote Differential Compression
5862:Open Source Security Foundation
5633:Windows Presentation Foundation
5376:Managed Extensibility Framework
3482:Windows Presentation Foundation
3437:Managed Extensibility Framework
2632:"Release Notes Mono 2.2 – Mono"
1133:into executable code using its
763:Windows Presentation Foundation
670:Universal Windows Platform apps
625:Compiled CIL code is stored in
7671:.NET Framework implementations
7566:Windows System Assessment Tool
5516:Python Tools for Visual Studio
5476:Open Management Infrastructure
5386:Microsoft C++ Standard Library
4641:Windows Template Library (WTL)
3738:Common Language Infrastructure
3071:"ASP.NET Ajax Control Toolkit"
2408:Reverse Compilation Techniques
883:System.Runtime.InteropServices
863:reveal only the managed code.
559:Common Language Infrastructure
553:Common Language Infrastructure
411:Common Language Infrastructure
390:.NET Framework version history
359:, although the firm worked to
285:environment (in contrast to a
259:Common Language Infrastructure
205:
110:4.8.1 / August 9, 2022
64:.NET Framework component stack
1:
4636:Active Template Library (ATL)
4356:Data Access Components (MDAC)
4096:Microsoft APIs and frameworks
2586:Compiling MSIL to Native Code
1895:Krill, Paul (April 1, 2016).
1747:Smith, Brett (16 July 2009).
1473:, the .NET standard libraries
957:§ Alternative implementations
785:, and comparable in scope to
711:. The FCL implements the CLI
365:free and open-source software
265:project. It includes a large
6855:Open XML Paper Specification
6715:Remote Installation Services
5923:Microsoft Windows components
5803:Microsoft Reciprocal License
5481:Open Neural Network Exchange
5406:Microsoft Enterprise Library
3779:Platform Invocation Services
3762:Common Intermediate Language
2469:"Garbage collection in .NET"
1501:Microsoft Reciprocal License
1405:ASP.NET Ajax Control Toolkit
901:.NET Framework introduces a
891:Platform Invocation Services
7691:Microsoft development tools
7007:Windows Subsystem for Linux
6966:Mandatory Integrity Control
6720:Windows Deployment Services
6517:Wireless Zero Configuration
5581:Virtual File System for Git
5456:Neural Network Intelligence
5391:Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit
4932:Multilingual User Interface
4858:Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
3488:Windows Workflow Foundation
3476:Windows Identity Foundation
2035:. Microsoft. Archived from
1749:"Microsoft's Empty Promise"
1664:. June 2006. Archived from
1631:. June 2012. Archived from
1314:Microsoft Reference License
1192:Alternative implementations
916:any conforming CLI language
295:application virtual machine
7717:
7701:Windows-only free software
7109:Universal Windows Platform
6815:Kernel Transaction Manager
6800:Hardware Abstraction Layer
6497:Multimedia Class Scheduler
2401:"6: Control Flow Analysis"
1056:.NET Framework includes a
1008:optimizations and lack of
820:
787:standard libraries of Java
698:(APIs) are part of either
679:
571:
556:
519:that they will completely
387:
29:
7628:
7561:Windows Services for UNIX
6946:Data Execution Prevention
6795:Graphics Device Interface
6685:Network Access Protection
6304:Remote Desktop Connection
5929:
5875:
5731:Extensible Storage Engine
5611:Windows Driver Frameworks
5521:R Tools for Visual Studio
5396:Microsoft Design Language
4996:Microsoft and open source
4383:Extensible Storage Engine
4160:Windows Imaging Component
4155:Windows Image Acquisition
3666:
3557:
3431:Language Integrated Query
3249:
2216:October 22, 2014, at the
1435:
1425:
1415:
1403:
1393:
1382:, Web API and Web Pages (
1378:
1367:
1355:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1164:has provided support for
1154:Streaming SIMD Extensions
1105:. Objects are assigned a
999:than native code, unless
887:System.EnterpriseServices
771:Language Integrated Query
348:for .NET software called
275:language interoperability
125:
99:
57:
48:
6926:Security and Maintenance
6870:Security Account Manager
6464:Windows XP visual styles
5857:Open Letter to Hobbyists
5798:Microsoft Public License
5696:(v1.25, v2.0 & v4.0)
5638:Windows Template Library
5336:Dynamic Language Runtime
5001:Shared Source Initiative
4040:C# and Visual Basic .NET
3784:Virtual Execution System
3420:Dynamic Language Runtime
3259:Libraries and frameworks
2120:".NET Platform Standard"
1754:Free Software Foundation
1471:Standard Libraries (CLI)
940:Dynamic Language Runtime
355:.NET Framework began as
18:Microsoft .NET framework
7696:Microsoft free software
7681:Cross-platform software
7511:Media Control Interface
7345:Help and Support Center
6961:Kernel Patch Protection
6725:System Resource Manager
6705:Remote Desktop Services
6700:Print Services for UNIX
6482:Service Control Manager
6092:Windows Error Reporting
6012:DirectX Diagnostic Tool
5074:Windows Package Manager
4927:Language Interface Pack
4912:Text Services Framework
4626:Framework Class Library
4045:Java and .NET platforms
3342:Framework Class Library
3331:Common Language Runtime
2748:ISO 9001:2008, Foreword
2591:April 19, 2015, at the
1347:CoreFX, CoreCLR and CLI
1225:Microsoft Visual Studio
1020:Community Edition with
709:CLI compliant languages
694:. Most of the built-in
682:Framework Class Library
574:Common Language Runtime
568:Common Language Runtime
291:Common Language Runtime
289:environment) named the
271:Framework Class Library
253:that runs primarily on
7491:Desktop Cleanup Wizard
7067:COM Structured storage
6768:Desktop Window Manager
6660:Windows Media Services
5847:F# Software Foundation
4570:Common Log File System
4398:Access Database Engine
4110:Desktop Window Manager
3858:.NET Compact Framework
3577:Native Image Generator
3572:.NET Compiler Platform
3293:.NET Compact Framework
3207:.NET Github repository
3041:"ASP.NET Core License"
2951:".NET Micro Framework"
2828:. September 13, 2006.
2182:"NuGet Gallery – Home"
2033:Windows Developer Blog
1998:"Xamarin for Everyone"
1369:.NET Compiler Platform
1139:Native Image Generator
995:bytecode is easier to
963:, and C++/CLI to both
879:Component Object Model
813:
736:.NET Compact Framework
549:
500:
470:.NET Compact Framework
409:worked to standardize
338:network communications
87:; 22 years ago
85:February 13, 2002
34:. For other uses, see
7119:Windows Mixed Reality
6790:Enhanced Write Filter
6640:Roaming user profiles
5867:Outercurve Foundation
5421:Mixed Reality Toolkit
4898:Text and multilingual
3810:Global Assembly Cache
3442:Microsoft Silverlight
2897:. November 12, 2014.
1694:. February 13, 2012.
1466:List of CLI languages
1143:ahead-of-time compile
1135:just-in-time compiler
897:Language independence
827:Microsoft introduced
811:
740:Microsoft Silverlight
663:Global Assembly Cache
611:just-in-time compiler
547:
498:
488:provided support for
332:development, numeric
322:database connectivity
293:(CLR). The CLR is an
279:programming languages
112:; 2 years ago
36:.net (disambiguation)
7400:Mobile Device Center
7350:Health & Fitness
7148:Solitaire Collection
6976:User Account Control
6971:Protected Media Path
6875:Server Message Block
6825:Logical Disk Manager
6077:System Policy Editor
6062:System Configuration
5356:Fluent Design System
5236:.NET Micro Framework
4884:Active Accessibility
4150:Windows Color System
3863:.NET Micro Framework
3757:Code Access Security
3298:.NET Micro Framework
3165:dotnetfoundation.org
3135:dotnetfoundation.org
3105:dotnetfoundation.org
3075:dotnetfoundation.org
3015:dotnetfoundation.org
2955:dotnetfoundation.org
2925:dotnetfoundation.org
2770:on February 27, 2018
2421:on 22 November 2016.
2287:"ISO/IEC 23271:2006"
2039:on December 15, 2018
1834:Scott Guthrie's Blog
1828:(January 16, 2008).
1796:Scott Guthrie's Blog
1724:. January 26, 2012.
1462:(formerly .NET Core)
1371:(codename "Roslyn")
1357:.NET Micro Framework
1344:(formerly .NET Core)
1300:Proprietary software
1213:.NET Micro Framework
1141:utility to manually
984:Code Access Security
636:dynamic-link library
474:.NET Micro Framework
357:proprietary software
245:") is a proprietary
7546:Virtual DOS machine
6890:System Idle Process
6865:Resource Protection
6773:Portable Executable
6665:Active DRM Services
6067:System File Checker
6037:Performance Monitor
5079:WorldWide Telescope
5054:Microsoft PowerToys
4922:Input method editor
4734:Data Protection API
4525:Windows Script Host
4264:Image Mastering API
3452:Parallel Extensions
3171:on 17 February 2015
3111:on 17 February 2015
3081:on 17 February 2015
3021:on 17 February 2015
2961:on 17 February 2015
2931:on 17 February 2015
2891:.NET Framework Blog
2857:.NET Framework Blog
1668:on October 31, 2010
1441:Apache License 2.0
1431:Apache License 2.0
1421:Apache License 2.0
1399:Apache License 2.0
1389:Apache License 2.0
779:Workflow Foundation
631:Portable Executable
617:into machine code.
507:existed in a legal
273:(FCL) and provides
45:
7551:Windows on Windows
7275:Backup and Restore
7087:Transaction Server
6805:I/O request packet
6645:Folder redirection
6314:Speech Recognition
6072:System Information
6027:Management Console
5643:Windows UI Library
5556:T2 Temporal Prover
5526:RecursiveExtractor
5188:Small Basic Online
5064:Windows Calculator
4820:Enterprise Library
4807:Software factories
4511:Administration and
4441:Filtering Platform
4242:Video Acceleration
3825:Standard Libraries
3774:Common Type System
3752:Application domain
3131:"Entity Framework"
2345:on August 10, 2008
2158:. April 14, 2016.
1790:(3 October 2007).
1477:Base Class Library
1362:Apache License 2.0
1022:Visual Studio .NET
965:Ecma International
903:Common Type System
814:
795:System.Runtime.dll
713:Base Class Library
688:Standard Libraries
592:garbage collection
588:exception handling
564:by the framework.
550:
501:
303:exception handling
247:software framework
193:Software framework
7658:
7657:
7584:
7583:
7541:Video for Windows
7496:Games for Windows
7365:Internet Explorer
6459:Windows Spotlight
6102:Windows Installer
5889:
5888:
5784:
5783:
5687:Operating systems
5678:Z3 Theorem Prover
5486:Open Service Mesh
5401:Microsoft Detours
5271:ASP.NET Web Forms
5209:development tools
4945:
4944:
4917:Text Object Model
4729:Windows CardSpace
4555:Windows Installer
4289:Video for Windows
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
3892:
3891:
3704:
3703:
3591:
3590:
3463:WCF Data Services
3101:"ASP.NET SignalR"
2608:. June 17, 2009.
2595:, MSDN, Microsoft
2497:. July 20, 2012.
2237:. 30 April 2007.
2100:on April 24, 2009
2008:on April 12, 2016
1970:. 28 March 2016.
1445:
1444:
1348:
1071:non-deterministic
1058:garbage collector
1044:Memory management
1034:Red Gate Software
934:(with or without
867:Design principles
596:thread management
580:memory management
312:FCL provides the
299:memory management
255:Microsoft Windows
235:
234:
171:Microsoft Windows
16:(Redirected from
7708:
7647:
7646:
7636:
7635:
7556:Windows SideShow
7335:Food & Drink
7229:Spider Solitaire
7169:
7062:ActiveX Document
7030:Active Scripting
6986:Windows Firewall
6941:Credential Guard
6620:Active Directory
6417:Indexing Service
6047:Resource Monitor
6042:Recovery Console
5916:
5909:
5902:
5893:
5881:
5880:
5351:Entity Framework
5049:Open Live Writer
5014:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4949:
4530:WMI (extensions)
4388:Entity Framework
4274:Media Foundation
4125:D3D (extensions)
4089:
4082:
4075:
4066:
3903:
3838:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3694:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3509:
3366:Entity Framework
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3198:
3197:
3195:Official website
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3141:on 18 April 2016
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2981:"Roslyn License"
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2792:. Codeplex.com.
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2766:. Archived from
2755:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2636:mono-project.com
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2560:. May 28, 2013.
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2534:on June 26, 2007
2530:. Archived from
2524:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2471:. Archived from
2465:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2434:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2414:. Archived from
2405:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2319:on March 7, 2015
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2267:on June 14, 2008
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2227:
2221:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2128:. Archived from
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2096:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2004:. Archived from
1993:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1635:on June 29, 2013
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1529:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1427:Entity Framework
1346:
1285:
997:reverse-engineer
932:statically typed
888:
884:
872:Interoperability
796:
733:
729:
725:
705:
701:
613:(JIT) turns the
401:In August 2000,
369:software patents
241:(pronounced as "
231:
230:
223:
220:
218:
206:§ Licensing
131:Operating system
120:
118:
113:
95:
93:
88:
62:
53:
46:
21:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7705:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7624:
7592:Microsoft Store
7590:
7580:
7526:POSIX subsystem
7506:File Protection
7479:
7450:Program Manager
7435:Phone Companion
7425:Outlook Express
7375:Make Compatible
7305:Desktop Gadgets
7265:Anytime Upgrade
7248:
7160:
7133:
7124:Windows Runtime
7016:
6990:
6956:Family features
6914:
6739:
6695:DFS Replication
6606:
6521:
6512:Error Reporting
6468:
6368:
6244:Mobility Center
6239:Movies & TV
6133:
6117:Windows Insider
6007:Driver Verifier
6002:Drive Optimizer
5969:
5963:
5954:Booting process
5925:
5920:
5890:
5885:
5871:
5842:.NET Foundation
5830:
5807:
5780:
5714:
5682:
5663:XDP for Windows
5601:Windows App SDK
5361:Fluid Framework
5341:eBPF on Windows
5208:
5202:
5110:
5104:
5088:
5069:Windows Console
5005:
4984:
4976:
4946:
4941:
4899:
4893:
4872:
4839:
4801:
4743:
4705:
4645:
4612:
4580:Component model
4574:
4560:Error Reporting
4512:
4506:
4480:
4412:
4344:
4335:SideBar Gadgets
4293:
4269:Managed DirectX
4220:
4179:
4103:Graphics and UI
4098:
4093:
4063:
4054:
4023:
3932:
3906:Major languages
3888:
3867:
3834:Implementations
3829:
3788:
3740:
3735:
3705:
3700:
3662:
3648:.NET Foundation
3636:
3587:
3553:
3530:
3498:
3347:
3317:
3286:Version history
3268:Implementations
3263:
3245:
3240:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2724:Microsoft Learn
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2665:. Tirania.org.
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2593:Wayback Machine
2584:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2475:on May 25, 2008
2467:
2466:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2444:on July 3, 2007
2436:
2435:
2426:
2418:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2293:on July 1, 2018
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2218:Wayback Machine
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2156:Scott Hanselman
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2132:on May 19, 2016
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2064:Microsoft Learn
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1938:The Tech Report
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1764:
1762:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1599:Microsoft Learn
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1450:
1417:ASP.NET SignalR
1345:
1280:
1194:
1170:Miguel de Icaza
1127:
1075:managed objects
1046:
980:
948:
924:
899:
886:
882:
874:
869:
825:
819:
794:
732:System.Core.dll
731:
727:
723:
703:
699:
684:
678:
623:
594:, security and
576:
570:
561:
555:
542:
517:Microsoft Build
392:
386:
330:web application
225:
215:
121:
116:
114:
111:
91:
89:
86:
82:Initial release
65:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7714:
7712:
7704:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7663:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7641:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7596:
7594:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7455:Steps Recorder
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7211:
7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7175:
7173:
7166:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7158:
7151:
7143:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7082:OLE Automation
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7026:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6850:Object Manager
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6810:Imaging Format
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6749:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6616:
6614:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6507:Task Scheduler
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6440:
6439:
6437:Special folder
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6349:Voice Recorder
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6112:Windows Update
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6082:System Restore
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5992:Device Manager
5989:
5984:
5982:Command Prompt
5979:
5973:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5411:Microsoft SEAL
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5226:.NET Gadgeteer
5223:
5221:.NET Framework
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:Project Verona
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5024:3D Movie Maker
5020:
5018:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4651:Device drivers
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4608:.NET Framework
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4540:Task Scheduler
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4436:Winsock Kernel
4433:
4432:
4431:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Sync Framework
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:DirectX plugin
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:.NET Framework
3850:
3844:
3842:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3632:Xamarin Studio
3629:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3521:.NET Reflector
3517:
3515:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3281:.NET Framework
3278:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3188:
3187:External links
3185:
3183:
3182:
3152:
3122:
3092:
3062:
3032:
3002:
2972:
2942:
2912:
2878:
2843:
2807:
2781:
2750:
2741:
2711:
2680:
2653:
2623:
2597:
2575:
2545:
2512:
2486:
2455:
2424:
2391:
2382:
2356:
2330:
2304:
2278:
2252:
2222:
2203:
2173:
2143:
2111:
2081:
2050:
2019:
1985:
1968:Mono on GitHub
1955:
1924:
1887:
1855:
1826:Guthrie, Scott
1817:
1788:Guthrie, Scott
1776:
1739:
1720:(2 ed.).
1709:
1690:(3 ed.).
1679:
1660:(4 ed.).
1646:
1627:(6 ed.).
1616:
1585:
1568:Opensource.com
1554:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1256:
1246:
1232:
1193:
1190:
1126:
1123:
1066:mark-and-sweep
1045:
1042:
979:
976:
947:
944:
936:type inference
923:
920:
898:
895:
873:
870:
868:
865:
861:.NET Reflector
821:Main article:
818:
815:
680:Main article:
677:
674:
627:CLI assemblies
622:
619:
572:Main article:
569:
566:
557:Main article:
554:
551:
541:
538:
523:Mono under an
492:via plug-ins.
478:Windows Mobile
388:Main article:
385:
382:
314:user interface
239:.NET Framework
233:
232:
213:
209:
208:
202:
196:
195:
190:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
150:
144:
143:
140:Windows NT 4.0
133:
127:
126:
123:
122:
109:
107:
105:Stable release
101:
100:
97:
96:
83:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
44:.NET Framework
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7713:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7676:2002 software
7674:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7651:
7642:
7640:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7587:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7571:Windows To Go
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7482:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7440:Photo Gallery
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7385:Meeting Space
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7355:HyperTerminal
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7325:Easy Transfer
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7233:
7231:
7230:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7019:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:Compatibility
6993:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6820:Library files
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6580:Reparse point
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6382:Action Center
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6309:Snipping Tool
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:Character Map
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:Control Panel
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5977:App Installer
5975:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5938:Architecture
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5917:
5912:
5910:
5905:
5903:
5898:
5897:
5894:
5884:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5628:Windows Forms
5626:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:Vowpal Wabbit
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5266:ASP.NET Razor
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:Conference XP
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4973:
4968:
4966:
4961:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4890:
4889:UI Automation
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:Accessibility
4875:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4545:Offline Files
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4520:Win32 console
4518:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:Telephony API
4495:
4493:
4492:Messaging API
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:Communication
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Windows Rally
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Windows Media
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Media Objects
4235:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3697:
3689:
3687:
3679:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:Organizations
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:Visual Studio
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3550:
3549:SmartAssembly
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3494:.NET Remoting
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3470:Windows Forms
3468:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Microsoft XNA
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3313:XNA Framework
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:.NET strategy
3252:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2921:".NET Core 5"
2916:
2913:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2681:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1810:September 15,
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:free software
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:, V.i. Labs,
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:trade secrets
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
985:
977:
975:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
945:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
921:
919:
917:
912:
908:
904:
896:
894:
892:
880:
871:
866:
864:
862:
858:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:Visual Studio
830:
824:
816:
810:
806:
803:
799:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:Windows Forms
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
721:
716:
714:
710:
697:
693:
689:
683:
676:Class library
675:
673:
671:
666:
664:
660:
659:strong naming
655:
653:
649:
645:
642:
638:
637:
632:
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
575:
567:
565:
560:
552:
546:
539:
537:
533:
531:
526:
522:
518:
513:
510:
506:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
463:Scott Guthrie
460:
456:
451:
449:
448:Windows Vista
445:
443:
439:
435:
434:Windows Forms
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
396:.NET strategy
391:
383:
381:
378:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
350:Visual Studio
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:class library
264:
260:
256:
252:
249:developed by
248:
244:
240:
229:
222:
214:
210:
207:
203:
201:
197:
194:
191:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:Included with
165:
162:
158:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
132:
128:
124:
108:
106:
102:
98:
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
61:
56:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7605:File Manager
7445:Photo Viewer
7380:Media Center
7340:Groove Music
7270:Address Book
7241:
7234:
7227:
7222:Purble Place
7220:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7187:Chess Titans
7185:
7178:
7165:Discontinued
7153:
7146:
6845:Ntoskrnl.exe
6753:Boot Manager
6745:Architecture
6635:Group Policy
6527:File systems
6427:Saved search
6334:Sticky Notes
6299:Quick Assist
6227:Media Player
6197:Feedback Hub
6192:Fax and Scan
6087:Task Manager
6017:Event Viewer
5997:Disk Cleanup
5566:TLA+ Toolbox
5491:Open XML SDK
5311:CLR Profiler
5256:ASP.NET Core
5251:ASP.NET AJAX
5220:
5198:Visual Basic
5044:File Manager
5017:Applications
4825:Composite UI
4748:
4607:
4310:RSS Platform
3984:JScript .NET
3918:Visual Basic
3852:
3767:instructions
3745:Architecture
3627:SharpDevelop
3562:CLR Profiler
3393:Dynamic Data
3323:Architecture
3280:
3173:. Retrieved
3169:the original
3164:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3139:the original
3134:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:the original
3104:
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3079:the original
3074:
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:the original
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2959:the original
2954:
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:the original
2924:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2890:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2856:
2846:
2836:February 28,
2834:. Retrieved
2819:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2784:
2772:. Retrieved
2768:the original
2763:
2753:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2723:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2693:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2656:
2646:November 22,
2644:. Retrieved
2635:
2626:
2616:November 13,
2614:. Retrieved
2600:
2566:. Retrieved
2557:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2532:the original
2503:. Retrieved
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:the original
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2416:the original
2407:
2394:
2385:
2375:February 19,
2373:. Retrieved
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:the original
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2317:the original
2307:
2295:. Retrieved
2291:the original
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:the original
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2225:
2206:
2196:February 21,
2194:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2155:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:the original
2123:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2093:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2063:
2053:
2043:December 24,
2041:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2032:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
2002:Xamarin Blog
2001:
1976:. Retrieved
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1937:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1900:
1890:
1880:November 16,
1878:. Retrieved
1867:
1858:
1848:February 28,
1846:. Retrieved
1833:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1795:
1770:
1763:. Retrieved
1752:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1637:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1619:
1609:November 21,
1607:. Retrieved
1598:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1567:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
1508:
1395:ASP.NET Core
1374:MIT License
1351:MIT License
1336:MIT License
1281:
1249:Portable.NET
1207:
1195:
1158:managed code
1151:
1147:
1128:
1119:Generation 2
1118:
1115:Generation 1
1114:
1111:Generation 0
1110:
1106:
1102:generational
1100:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1074:
1055:
1047:
988:
981:
973:
949:
925:
900:
875:
853:
826:
800:
791:
752:
724:mscorlib.dll
717:
685:
667:
656:
640:
634:
624:
607:machine code
600:
577:
562:
540:Architecture
534:
514:
502:
490:web browsers
467:
452:
446:
427:
400:
393:
373:
354:
326:cryptography
311:
307:managed code
242:
238:
236:
71:Developer(s)
40:
7620:Minesweeper
7589:Spun off to
7410:MSN Dial-up
7405:Movie Maker
7310:Diagnostics
7260:ActiveMovie
7002:COMMAND.COM
6880:Shadow Copy
6735:Server Core
6575:Mount Point
6502:Shadow Copy
6097:Windows Ink
5710:Azure Linux
5441:MonoDevelop
5261:ASP.NET MVC
5207:Frameworks,
5109:Programming
5093:Video games
5084:XML Notepad
5039:Family.Show
4907:DirectWrite
4815:EFx Factory
4772:Silverlight
4550:Shadow Copy
4349:Data access
4254:DirectInput
4196:DirectSound
4191:DirectMusic
4140:Silverlight
4035:C# and Java
4019:Small Basic
3622:MonoDevelop
3544:Dotfuscator
3536:Obfuscators
3513:Decompilers
3337:COM Interop
3175:17 February
3115:17 February
3085:17 February
3025:17 February
2965:17 February
2935:17 February
2764:/dev/mobile
2694:tirania.org
2558:telerik.com
2349:January 16,
2074:December 2,
2058:rpetrusha.
1410:BSD License
1380:ASP.NET MVC
1325:MIT License
1308:source code
1271:MIT License
1243:MIT License
1178:Pentium III
1125:Performance
1079:recursively
1018:Dotfuscator
967:(ECMA) and
953:Silverlight
946:Portability
928:type safety
922:Type safety
911:programming
857:decompilers
777:(WCF), and
704:Microsoft.*
584:type safety
525:MIT License
486:Silverlight
455:source code
421:standards.
361:standardize
342:source code
318:data access
204:Mixed; see
7665:Categories
7600:DVD Player
7415:NetMeeting
7315:DriveSpace
7180:3D Pinball
6680:SharePoint
6444:Start menu
6289:Phone Link
6152:Calculator
6107:PowerShell
5968:Management
5776:WikiBhasha
5751:Project Mu
5726:ChronoZoom
5700:Barrelfish
5536:Sandcastle
5501:Playwright
5306:ChakraCore
5281:Babylon.js
5193:TypeScript
5173:PowerShell
5148:IronPython
5100:Allegiance
4717:Crypto API
4535:PowerShell
4513:management
4476:DirectPlay
4417:Networking
4340:TypeScript
4259:DirectShow
4225:Multimedia
4211:Speech API
4130:GDI / GDI+
4028:Comparison
3974:IronPython
3969:IronScheme
3928:PowerShell
3793:Components
3472:(WinForms)
3353:Components
2905:August 18,
2871:August 18,
2790:"CrossNet"
2505:October 2,
2410:(Thesis).
1672:August 31,
1639:August 31,
1593:gewarren.
1578:January 2,
1547:August 15,
1520:References
1306:Reference
1288:Component
1258:Microsoft
1241:under the
1156:(SSE) via
1107:generation
1083:reflection
1010:reflection
1005:decompiler
1001:obfuscated
907:data types
841:Visual C++
837:Visual C++
728:System.dll
692:namespaces
652:public key
641:executable
639:(DLL) and
621:Assemblies
482:Windows CE
413:(CLI) and
334:algorithms
219:.microsoft
138:or later,
136:Windows 98
117:2022-08-09
92:2002-02-13
7395:Messenger
7390:Messaging
7320:DVD Maker
7290:CD Player
7285:CardSpace
7236:Solitaire
6936:BitLocker
6931:AppLocker
6565:Hard link
6454:Task View
6432:Namespace
6402:ClearType
6222:Messaging
6207:Magnifier
6172:Clipchamp
6147:3D Viewer
5756:ReactiveX
5673:xUnit.net
5586:Voldemort
5551:SVNBridge
5366:Infer.NET
5321:DeepSpeed
5296:C++/WinRT
5286:BitFunnel
5231:.NET MAUI
5111:languages
4979:Microsoft
4937:Uniscribe
4618:Libraries
4565:Event Log
4004:Phalanger
3898:Languages
3841:Microsoft
3653:Microsoft
3415:ClickOnce
3378:Web Forms
3055:April 14,
2995:April 14,
2895:Microsoft
2861:Microsoft
2826:Microsoft
2800:April 17,
2774:April 17,
2673:April 17,
2323:April 16,
2297:April 17,
2245:April 16,
2235:Channel 9
2186:nuget.org
2166:April 23,
2136:April 23,
2094:Microsoft
2012:April 12,
1978:April 16,
1948:April 12,
1917:April 13,
1902:InfoWorld
1838:Microsoft
1800:Microsoft
1765:August 3,
1702:March 17,
1537:Microsoft
1316:(Ms-RSL)
1278:Licensing
1251:(part of
1093:compacted
744:.NET Core
521:relicense
509:grey area
403:Microsoft
251:Microsoft
177:Successor
76:Microsoft
7639:Category
7516:MS-DOS 7
7501:ScanDisk
7420:NTBackup
7300:Contacts
7280:Cardfile
7215:Hold 'Em
7194:FreeCell
7040:VBScript
6951:Defender
6919:Security
6905:Winlogon
6860:Registry
6474:Services
6407:Explorer
6392:AutoPlay
6279:Paint 3D
6264:OneDrive
6254:Narrator
6202:Get Help
6157:Calendar
6052:Settings
6022:IExpress
5883:Category
5821:CodePlex
5790:Licenses
5736:FlexWiki
5546:StyleCop
5506:ProcDump
5431:mod_mono
5416:mimalloc
5371:LightGBM
5346:Electron
5276:Avalonia
5168:Power Fx
5153:IronRuby
5143:GW-BASIC
5059:Terminal
5010:Software
4989:Overview
4863:Remoting
4767:Remoting
4710:Security
4320:VBScript
4120:Direct3D
4115:Direct2D
3979:IronRuby
3820:Metadata
3815:Manifest
3805:Delegate
3800:Assembly
3676:Category
3410:Avalonia
3145:16 April
3049:Archived
2989:Archived
2899:Archived
2865:Archived
2830:Archived
2794:Archived
2728:Archived
2698:Archived
2667:Archived
2640:Archived
2610:Archived
2589:Archived
2562:Archived
2499:Archived
2369:Archived
2239:Archived
2214:Archived
2190:Archived
2160:Archived
2068:Archived
1972:Archived
1942:Archived
1911:Archived
1874:Archived
1842:Archived
1804:Archived
1759:Archived
1732:April 1,
1726:Archived
1696:Archived
1603:Archived
1572:Archived
1541:Archived
1448:See also
1291:License
1264:non-free
1131:CIL code
978:Security
859:such as
845:CIL code
773:(LINQ),
700:System.*
648:metadata
615:CIL code
287:hardware
283:software
148:Platform
142:or later
7615:Mahjong
7536:Interix
7470:WinHelp
7370:Journal
7360:Imaging
7208:InkBall
7094:DirectX
7057:ActiveX
7045:JScript
6758:Console
6730:Hyper-V
6625:Domains
6449:Taskbar
6422:IFilter
6397:AutoRun
6359:WordPad
6354:Weather
6269:OneNote
6259:Notepad
6182:Cortana
6057:Sysprep
5835:Related
5653:WinObjC
5571:U-Prove
5541:SignalR
5511:ProcMon
5496:Orleans
5471:OneFuzz
5446:MSBuild
5326:DiskSpd
5246:ASP.NET
4900:support
4762:ADO.NET
4757:ASP.NET
4722:CAPICOM
4598:ActiveX
4461:P2P API
4424:Winsock
4366:ADO.NET
4315:JScript
4232:DirectX
4216:XAudio2
3999:Oxygene
3994:Nemerle
3964:C++/CLI
3696:Commons
3658:Xamarin
3615:Express
3583:XAMLPad
3526:dotPeek
3373:ASP.NET
3361:ADO.NET
3161:"NuGet"
2568:May 21,
2538:June 1,
2479:June 1,
2448:June 1,
2271:June 1,
2104:June 1,
1038:SafeNet
1003:. .NET
990:Managed
829:C++/CLI
823:C++/CLI
817:C++/CLI
767:ADO.NET
759:ASP.NET
530:Xamarin
442:ASP.NET
438:ADO.NET
419:by ECMA
384:History
269:called
243:dot net
212:Website
200:License
115: (
90: (
7648:
7637:
7610:Hover!
7484:Others
7465:Travel
7460:Syskey
7243:Tinker
7201:Hearts
7129:WinUSB
7114:WinAPI
7099:Native
6910:WinUSB
6835:MinWin
6612:Server
6412:Search
6324:Sports
6294:Photos
6284:People
6162:Camera
5826:GitHub
5813:Forges
5746:Gollum
5694:MS-DOS
5531:Roslyn
5451:MsQuic
5426:ML.NET
5291:Blazor
5241:AirSim
5118:Bosque
4471:MS MPI
4376:OLE DB
4305:MSHTML
4249:Xinput
3884:DotGNU
3579:(NGen)
3459:(WCF)
3433:(LINQ)
3427:(XAML)
3303:DotGNU
3277:(Core)
3045:GitHub
2985:GitHub
2734:May 6,
2704:May 6,
2220:, MSDN
2125:GitHub
1869:GitHub
1253:DotGNU
1221:VB.NET
1202:patent
1062:thread
1032:, and
1026:VMware
761:, and
440:, and
336:, and
301:, and
224:
217:dotnet
159:, and
157:x86-64
7576:WinFS
7475:Write
7172:Games
7139:Games
7012:WoW64
6840:NTLDR
6830:LSASS
6763:CSRSS
6570:links
6545:exFAT
6374:Shell
6339:Store
6329:Start
6319:Skype
6274:Paint
6249:Money
6177:Clock
6124:WinRE
6032:Netsh
5970:tools
5959:Games
5766:TLAPS
5741:FourQ
5719:Other
5705:SONiC
5648:WinJS
5576:vcpkg
5466:NuGet
5331:Dryad
5128:Dafny
4853:MSRPC
4403:MSXML
4184:Audio
4145:WinUI
4014:Scala
3959:Cobra
3937:Other
3872:Other
3610:Blend
3567:ILAsm
3504:Tools
3484:(WPF)
3478:(WIF)
3403:Razor
3344:(FCL)
3333:(CLR)
2419:(PDF)
2404:(PDF)
1484:Notes
1479:(BCL)
1437:NuGet
1384:Razor
1262:is a
1051:graph
1030:Turbo
802:NuGet
407:Intel
153:IA-32
7650:List
7531:HPFS
7295:Chat
7253:Apps
7155:Surf
7104:.NET
7072:DCOM
6900:WHEA
6895:USER
6885:SMSS
6675:WSUS
6655:MSMQ
6597:ReFS
6560:NTFS
6535:CDFS
6492:CLFS
6487:BITS
6387:Aero
6364:Xbox
6344:Tips
6232:2022
6217:Maps
6212:Mail
6187:Edge
6139:Apps
5934:APIs
5761:SILK
5621:UMDF
5616:KMDF
5591:VoTT
5436:Mono
5316:Dapr
5216:.NET
5158:Lean
5029:Atom
4749:.NET
4686:NDIS
4681:WDDM
4674:UMDF
4669:KMDF
4593:COM+
4466:MSMQ
4456:BITS
4446:NDIS
4371:ODBC
4206:XACT
4175:WinG
3944:Axum
3879:Mono
3848:.NET
3686:List
3597:IDEs
3490:(WF)
3388:Core
3383:AJAX
3308:Mono
3275:.NET
3243:.NET
3177:2015
3147:2016
3117:2015
3087:2015
3057:2018
3027:2015
2997:2018
2967:2015
2937:2015
2907:2016
2873:2016
2838:2015
2821:MSDN
2802:2012
2776:2012
2736:2022
2706:2022
2675:2012
2648:2016
2618:2019
2570:2015
2540:2008
2507:2015
2481:2008
2450:2008
2377:2024
2351:2008
2325:2016
2299:2012
2273:2008
2247:2016
2198:2021
2168:2016
2138:2016
2106:2008
2076:2017
2045:2018
2014:2016
1980:2016
1950:2016
1919:2016
1882:2014
1850:2015
1812:2010
1767:2009
1734:2008
1704:2012
1674:2005
1662:ECMA
1641:2005
1629:ECMA
1611:2020
1580:2020
1549:2019
1460:.NET
1342:.NET
1332:Mono
1235:Mono
1198:.NET
1186:MIPS
1184:and
1166:SIMD
1162:Mono
1088:mark
955:and
909:and
885:and
748:Mono
746:and
730:and
505:Mono
472:and
468:The
405:and
263:.NET
237:The
221:.com
188:Type
181:.NET
32:.NET
7430:Pay
7330:Fax
7077:OLE
7052:COM
7035:WSH
7022:API
6783:DLL
6778:EXE
6690:PWS
6670:IIS
6630:DNS
6602:UDF
6590:EFS
6585:TxF
6555:FAT
6550:IFS
6540:DFS
6129:WMI
5668:XSP
5658:WiX
5461:npm
5301:CCF
4868:WCF
4845:IPC
4835:CSF
4830:CCF
4792:WPF
4787:WCS
4782:WCF
4777:TPL
4701:VxD
4696:BDA
4691:UAA
4664:WDF
4659:WDM
4588:COM
4502:WCF
4429:LSP
4408:OPC
4361:ADO
4330:XDR
4325:BHO
4298:Web
4279:XNA
4135:WPF
3954:Boo
3398:MVC
1907:IDG
1229:GUI
1182:ARM
1174:x86
993:CIL
849:CLR
831:in
783:C++
720:API
702:or
644:EXE
377:bug
161:ARM
7667::
5947:NT
5942:9x
5183:Q#
5138:F*
5133:F#
5123:C#
4797:WF
4009:Q#
3989:J#
3949:A#
3923:F#
3913:C#
3163:.
3133:.
3103:.
3073:.
3043:.
3013:.
2983:.
2953:.
2923:.
2893:.
2889:.
2863:.
2859:.
2855:.
2824:.
2818:.
2762:.
2726:.
2722:.
2696:.
2692:.
2638:.
2634:.
2578:^
2556:.
2515:^
2458:^
2427:^
2406:.
2367:.
2233:.
2188:.
2184:.
2154:.
2122:.
2092:.
2066:.
2062:.
2031:.
2000:.
1988:^
1966:.
1940:.
1936:.
1909:.
1905:.
1899:.
1872:.
1866:.
1840:.
1836:.
1832:.
1802:.
1798:.
1794:.
1779:^
1769:.
1757:.
1751:.
1649:^
1601:.
1597:.
1570:.
1566:.
1539:.
1535:.
1492:^
1386:)
1217:C#
1040:.
961:C#
918:.
851:.
789:.
769:,
757:,
750:.
742:,
738:,
726:,
665:.
590:,
586:,
582:,
480:,
436:,
415:C#
352:.
328:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
155:,
5915:e
5908:t
5901:v
5163:P
4971:e
4964:t
4957:v
4088:e
4081:t
4074:v
3730:e
3723:t
3716:v
3235:e
3228:t
3221:v
3179:.
3149:.
3119:.
3089:.
3059:.
3029:.
2999:.
2969:.
2939:.
2909:.
2875:.
2840:.
2804:.
2778:.
2738:.
2708:.
2677:.
2650:.
2620:.
2572:.
2542:.
2509:.
2483:.
2452:.
2379:.
2353:.
2327:.
2301:.
2275:.
2249:.
2200:.
2170:.
2140:.
2108:.
2078:.
2047:.
2016:.
1982:.
1952:.
1921:.
1884:.
1852:.
1814:.
1736:.
1706:.
1676:.
1643:.
1613:.
1582:.
1551:.
1503:.
1273:.
119:)
94:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
