105:
effect are not sustained over time, and the effect is due to brief, sudden, increases in temperature. So while threshold levels of for the microwave audio effect of 267mW/cm² for 1.3GHz and 5000mW/cm² 2.9GHz, respectively, were reported by Frey in 1961, for the peak amplitude (providing the pops) and would only give an average (sustained) power density of only 0.4mW/cm² and 2mW/cm² respectively similar to current cellphones. However, it's been argued that despite waves the microwave auditory effect only constituting a rapid 10 °C rise in temperature, for threshold peaks on each pulse, that, at the least, a strong peak of around 1400 kW/cm² (1.4 billion mW/cm²) would certainly be harmful due to the resulting pressure wave.
69:
perceived loudness was found to be linked to the peak power density, instead of average power density. At 1.245 GHz, the peak power density for perception was below 80 mW/cm. According to Frey, the induced sounds were described as "a buzz, clicking, hiss, or knocking, depending on several transmitter parameters, i.e., pulse width and pulse-repetition rate". By changing transmitter parameters, Frey was able to induce the "perception of severe buffeting of the head, without such apparent
88:
Auditory sensations of clicking or buzzing have been reported by some workers at modern-day microwave transmitting sites that emit pulsed microwave radiation. Auditory responses to transmitted frequencies from approximately 200 MHz to at least 3 GHz have been reported. The cause is thought
68:
in 1961. In his experiments, the subjects were discovered to be able to hear appropriately pulsed microwave radiation, from a distance of a few inches to hundreds of feet from the transmitter. In Frey's tests, a repetition rate of 50 Hz was used, with pulse width between 10–70 microseconds. The
104:
during which Sharp and Grove reportedly were able to recognize nine out of ten words transmitted by "voice modulated microwaves". Although it's been reported that "power levels required for transmitting sound... brain damage due to... thermal effects" the pops associated with the microwave audio
31:, consists of the human perception of sounds induced by pulsed or modulated radio frequencies. The perceived sounds are generated directly inside the human head without the need of any receiving electronic device. The effect was first reported by persons working in the vicinity of
49:
Allan H. Frey studied this phenomenon and was the first to publish information on the nature of the microwave auditory effect. The cause is thought to be thermoelastic expansion of portions of the auditory apparatus, although competing theories explain the results of
89:
to be thermoelastic expansion of portions of auditory apparatus, and the generally accepted mechanism is rapid (but minuscule, in the range of 10 °C) heating of brain by each pulse, and the resulting pressure wave traveling through the skull to the
121:(Mob Excess Deterrent Using Silent Audio) that was intended to temporarily incapacitate personnel through remote application. Reportedly, Sierra Nevada Corp. took over the contract from WaveBand. Experts, such as Kenneth Foster, a
183:
Psychologists have identified many examples of people reporting 'mind control experiences' (MCEs) on self-published web pages that are "highly likely to be influenced by delusional beliefs". Common themes include "Bad Guys" using
712:
689:
133:
Bill Guy, "There's a misunderstanding by the public and even some scientists about this auditory effect," and "there couldn't possibly be a hazard from the sound, because the heat would get you first".
1198:
Guy, A.W., C.K. Chou, J.C. Lin and D. Christensen, 1975, Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian auditory systems and physical materials, Annals of New York
Academy of Sciences, 247:194–218
669:
698:
145:
noted of the health effects observed in the diplomats, "it's crazy, but it's sure as heck not microwaves." As of
October 2021, a microwave cause remains one of the major hypotheses.
125:
bioengineering professor who published research on the microwave auditory effect in 1974, have discounted the effectiveness of the proposed device. Foster said that because of human
545:
62:
Allan H. Frey was the first
American to publish on the microwave auditory effect (MAE). Frey's "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy" appeared in the
894:
Bell, Vaughan; Maiden, Carla; Muñoz-Solomando, Antonio; Reddy, Venu (2006). "'Mind control' experiences on the internet: implications for the psychiatric diagnosis of delusions".
619:
176:
There are extensive online support networks and numerous websites maintained by people fearing mind control. California psychiatrist Alan
Drucker has identified evidence of
1049:
642:
531:
697:, Standing Committee to Advise the Department of State on Unexplained Health Effects on U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies, of the
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on many of these websites and other psychologists are divided over whether such sites reinforce mental troubles, or act as a form of group social support.
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E.S. Eichert and A.H. Frey. "Human
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In 1975, an article by neuropsychologist Don
Justesen discussing radiation effects on human perception referred to an experiment by
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792:
580:
196:
project, and frequent citing of Frey's 1962 paper entitled "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy".
1301:
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of U.S. diplomats in Cuba and China occurring since 2017 and 2018. However, this explanation has been debated. Bioengineer
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122:
51:
1291:
1177:"Transmission of microwave-induced intracranial sound to the inner ear is most likely through cranial aqueducts,"
321:
1180:
230:
130:
129:, the device "would kill you well before you were bothered by the noise". According to former professor at the
609:"Why Microwave Auditory Effect Crowd-Control Gun Won't Work - Experts say you'd fry before you heard anything"
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F.A. Giori and A.R. Winterberger. "Remote Physiological Monitoring Using a Microwave Interferometer",
740:"Havana Syndrome: Over 200 Cases Documented Yet Cause Remains A Mystery : Consider This from NPR"
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technologies based on microwave signals to transmit sounds and thoughts into their heads as a form of
220:
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Frey, Allan H. (July 1962). "Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy".
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P.L. Stocklin and B.F. Stocklin. "Possible Microwave Mechanisms of the Mammalian Nervous System",
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United States Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory comprehensive review on
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Mckesson Bioservices Corporation, Wrair United States Army Medical Research Detachment. (
81:, but at the time of the experiment the results were inconclusive due to factors such as
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Microwave auditory effect- a comparison of some possible transduction mechanisms
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J.A. Elder and C.K. Chou. "Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy",
960:
713:"Scientists and doctors zap theory that microwave weapon injured Cuba diplomats"
275:
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494:
1214:
Microwave auditory effects and applications, James C. Lin; Publisher: Thomas;
495:"Response to the Letter by Foster, Chou, and Croft [Speaker's Corner]"
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74:
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US investigating possible mysterious directed energy attack near White House
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925:
479:
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H. Frolich. "The Biological Effects of Microwaves and Related Questions",
233:– government standards for measurement of human radio frequency exposures
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73:
symptoms as dizziness or nausea". Other transmitter parameters induced a
764:"Microwave weapons that could cause Havana Syndrome exist, experts say"
193:
90:
78:
917:
471:
643:"Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers"
343:
Wagner, Gregory R.; Rest, Kathleen M. (2005). Levy, Barry S. (ed.).
258:"Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy"
173:, referring to the alleged technology as "voice to skull" or "V2K".
1047:
Human auditory system response to modulated electromagnetic energy.
32:
137:
Microwave effects have been proposed as the cause of otherwise
699:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1107:
Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing Radiation
427:
Military Neuroscience and the Coming Age of Neurowarfare
1151:
vol 1, Plenum, NY & London, pp. 27–80, 1994.
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Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems
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Kaplan, Sarah; Achenbach, Joel (September 6, 2018).
456:"Auditory response to pulsed radiofrequency energy"
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1232:Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy
396:
1195:". J Microwave Power. 1976 Mar;11(1):77–81. 1976.
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165:have claimed that government agents use forms of
382:05 Sep 1980: Vol. 209, Issue 4461, pp. 1144-1145
320:. Slow Digital. December 7, 2017. Archived from
786:
784:
581:"Microwave ray gun controls crowds with noise"
1234:" Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.
1130:, Thomas, Springfield Ill, p. 176, 1978.
390:
388:
318:"Allan Frey: A Pioneer of Radiation Research"
8:
530:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
188:" and "microwaves", frequent mention of the
117:for the design of an MAE system they called
1128:Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications
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849:Electronic Harassment: Voices in My Mind
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449:
447:
430:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 125–.
243:
1093:Annals of New York Academy of Sciences
523:
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102:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
665:Katie Bo Williams & Jeremy Herb,
622:from the original on 13 February 2018
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873:Kershaw, Sarah (November 12, 2008).
641:Broad, William (September 1, 2018).
153:Numerous individuals suffering from
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846:Monroe, Angela (13 November 2012),
791:Monroe, Angela (13 November 2012),
351:American Public Health Association
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875:"Sharing Their Demons on the Web"
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579:Hambling, David (3 July 2008).
988:References and further reading
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1241:Journal of Applied Physiology
1226:RFR-auditory effect in humans
1211:, The Australian, March 1999.
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949:Journal of Applied Physiology
263:Journal of Applied Physiology
65:Journal of Applied Physiology
454:Elder, JA; Chou, CK (2003).
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206:Cosmic ray visual phenomena
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692:December 9, 2020, at the
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511:10.1109/MMM.2022.3147174
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131:University of Washington
25:microwave hearing effect
676:, CNN (April 29, 2021).
672:April 29, 2021, at the
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