Microtone (music) - Knowledge (XXG)

412:, which was (in the mentioned region) regarded as the main term for referring to music with microintervals, though as early as 1908 Georg Capellan had qualified his use of "quarter tone" with the alternative term "Bruchtonstufen (Viertel- und Dritteltöne)" (fractional degrees (quarter and third tones)). Despite the inclusion of other fractions of a whole tone, this music continued to be described under the heading "Vierteltonmusik" until at least the 1990s, for example in the twelfth edition of the 510:"; see a clarification in Kholopov ). Other Russian authors use the more international adjective 'microtonal' and have rendered it in Russian as 'микротоновый', but not 'microtonality' ('микротональность'). However, the terms 'микротональность' and 'микротоника' are also used. Some authors writing in French have adopted the term "micro-intervallique" to describe such music. Italian musicologist Luca Conti dedicated two of his monographs to 5670: 5665: 613: 7109: 7119: 101: 1112: 514:, which is the usual term in Italian, and also in Spanish (e.g., as found in the title of Rué ). The analogous English form, "microtonalism", is also found occasionally instead of "microtonality", e.g., "At the time when serialism and neoclassicism were still incipient a third movement emerged: microtonalism". 763:

to his exposure to the Balinese gamelan at the Paris exposition, and have asserted his rebellion at this time "against the rule of equal temperament" and that the gamelan gave him "the confidence to embark (after the 1900 world exhibition) on his fully characteristic mature piano works, with their

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The term "macrotonal" has been used for intervals wider than twelve-tone equal temperament, or where there are "fewer than twelve notes per octave", though "this term is not very satisfactory and is used only because there seems to be no other". The term "macrotonal" has also been used for musical

191:), respectively. "Microinterval" is a frequent alternative in English, especially in translations of writings by French authors and in discussion of music by French composers. In English, the two terms "microtone" and "microinterval" are synonymous. The English analogue of the related French term, 604:

of 100 cents. In the ancient Greek enharmonic genus, the tetrachord contained a semitone of varying sizes (approximately 100 cents) divided into two equal intervals called dieses (single "diesis", δίεσις); in conjunction with a larger interval of roughly 400 cents, these intervals comprised the

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of Indian music. Prior to this time the term "quarter tone" was used, confusingly, not only for an interval actually half the size of a semitone, but also for all intervals (considerably) smaller than a semitone. It may have been even slightly earlier, perhaps as early as 1895, that the Mexican

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and one of its predecessors, the blues. The blue notes, located on the third, fifth, and seventh notes of a diatonic major scale, are flattened by a variable microtone. Joe Monzo has made a microtonal analysis of the song "Drunken Hearted Man", written and recorded by the delta blues musician

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Adèr, Lidiâ Olegovna . 2011b. "Микротоновый инструментарий—первые шаги от утопии к практике" . In Временник Зубовского института: Инструментализм в истории культуры , edited by Evgenia Vladimirovna Hazdan, 52–65. Vremennik Zubovskogo instituta 7. St. Petersburg: Rossijskij Institut Istorii

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On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music: second English edition, translated, thoroughly revised and corrected, rendered conformable to the fourth (and last) German edition of 1877, with numerous additional notes and a new additional appendix bringing down

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challenges the terminology of "microtonality" as a development that instead of liberating tonal sensibility to a universe of diverse possibilities, both new and historical, instead mainly serves to reinforce the idea that the universal standard for "tone" is the (western) semitone.

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objected that "'heterotone' would be a better name for śruti than the usual translation 'microtone'". Modern Indian researchers yet write: "microtonal intervals called shrutis". In Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia in the 1910s and 1920s the usual term continued to be

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of tetrachords: the enharmonic, the chromatic, and the diatonic. Ancient Greek intervals were of many different sizes, including microtones. The enharmonic genus in particular featured intervals of a distinctly "microtonal" nature, which were sometimes smaller than 50

4984:. Pubblicazioni del Corso superiore di paleografia e semiografia musicale dall'umanesimo al barocco, Serie I: Studi e testi 5; Pubblicazioni del Corso superiore di paleografia e semiografia musicale dall'umanesimo al barocco, Documenti 2. Rome: Edizioni Torre d'Orfeo. 560: 896:. "The project," he wrote, "was to explore the tonal and modal behavior of all equal tunings..., devise a notation for each tuning, and write a composition in each tuning to illustrate good chord progressions and the practical application of the notation". 970:

Although some synthesizers allow the creation of customized microtonal scales, this solution does not allow compositions to be transposed. For example, if each B note is raised one quarter tone, then the "raised 7th" would only affect a C major scale.

36: 609:). Theoretics usually described several diatonic and chromatic genera (some as chroai, "coloration" of one specific intervallic type), but the enarmonic genus was always the only one (argumented as one with the smallest intervals possible). 253:"microintervals" but not "microtones", and in the fourth edition of the same reference (which retains Sims's article on "Microtone") a new "Comma, Schisma" article by André Barbera calls them simply "intervals". In the second edition of 672:, accompanied by explanatory notes tying it to the realization of the Greek enharmonic genus and a chart of quarter tone fingerings for the entire range of the one-keyed flute. Shortly afterward, in a letter published in the 568: 55: 487: 750:

performance and was exposed to non-Western tunings and rhythms. Some scholars have ascribed Debussy's subsequent innovative use of the whole-tone (six equal pitches per octave) tuning in such compositions as the

325:, he states that academic studies of the early blues concur that its pitch scale has within it three microtonal “blue notes” not found in 12 tone equal temperament intonation. It was used still earlier by 4921:. Venice: Bernardino et Mattheo de Vitali. Facsimile edition, Monuments of music and music literature in facsimile: Second series, Music literature 69. New York: Broude Brothers, 1969. Second edition, as 310:"Microtone" is also sometimes used to refer to individual notes, "microtonal pitches" added to and distinct from the familiar twelve notes of the chromatic scale, as "enharmonic microtones", for example. 2199: – mathematical characterization of the harmonic complexity of music; way of characterizing the harmony found in a piece or genre of music, or the harmonies that can be made using a particular scale 436:

for intervals larger than the semitone; this same term has been used since 1934 by ethnomusicologist Victor Belaiev (Belyaev) in his studies of Azerbaijan and Turkish traditional music. A similar term,

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came into use at least by 1958, though "Mikrointervall" is still common today in contexts where very small intervals of early European tradition (diesis, comma, etc.) are described, as e.g. in the new

817:(quarter tones, or 24 equal pitches per octave, and sixth tones), Julián Carrillo (24 equal, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 96 equal pitches to the octave embodied in a series of specially custom-built pianos), 569: 46: 56: 5381: 959:

1.0 specification does not directly support microtonal music, because each note-on and note-off message only represents one chromatic tone. However, microtonal scales can be emulated using

267:, and Ioannis Zannos define "microtone" as a musical rather than an acoustical entity: "any musical interval or difference of pitch distinctly smaller than a semitone", including "the tiny 3845: 40:

Composer Charles Ives chose the chord above as a good candidate for a "fundamental" chord in the quarter tone scale, akin not to the tonic but to the major chord of traditional tonality

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Rué, Roberto (2000). "Diatonismo, cromatismo y microtonalismo: Una interpretación estructuralista" [Diatonism, chromaticism and microtonalism: A structuralist interpretation].

668:, all surviving copies of which conclude with a composition (possibly added a year or two after the actual publication of the volume) incorporating several quarter tones, titled 810:'s introduction of the phonograph in the 1890s allowed much non-Western music to be recorded and heard by Western composers, further spurring the use of non-12-equal tunings. 6007: 883: 4956:

Chromatische und enharmonische Musik und Musikinstrumente des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts/Chromatic and Enharmonic Music and Musical Instruments in the 16th and 17th Centuries

4958:. Schweizer Jahrbuch für Musikwissenschaft/Annales suisses de musicologie/Annuario svizzero di musicologia 22, edited by Joseph Willimann. Bern: Verlag Peter Lang AG. 727:, proposed an elaborate set of exotic just intonation tunings and non-harmonic tunings. Ellis also studied the tunings of non-Western cultures and, in a report to the 4989:

Barbieri, Patrizio, and Lindoro Massimo del Duca. 2001. "Late-Renaissance Quarter-tone Compositions (1555–1618): The Performance of the ETS-31 with a DSP System". In

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are marked by a more basic interest in the microtonal intervals found between the higher members of the overtone series, under the influence of Helmholtz's writings.

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when referring to "all the pitches lying outside the traditional twelve-tone system". Some authors in Russia and some musicology dissertations disseminate the term

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Pavlenko, Sergej Vasil'evič; Kefalidi, Igor'; Ekimovskij, Viktor Alekseevič (2002). "Микротоновые элементы: Беседа" [Microtonal Elements: A Conversation].

45: 3820: 825:(just intonation using frequencies at ratios of prime integers 3, 5, 7, and 11, their powers, and products of those numbers, from a central frequency of G-196). 6135: 5163:, edited by Jörn Peter Hiekel, 123–129. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt 47. Mainz: Schott Musik International. 3691: 6701: 5405:". IVO: Sacred Music in the Italian Cinquecento outside Venice and Rome, edited by Chris Whent. Here Of A Sunday Morning website. (Accessed 19 August 2008) 3870: 753: 477: 377:

or other alternative tunings may be considered microtonal. Microtonal variation of intervals is standard practice in the African-American musical forms of

2678:. Musique de notre temps: compositeurs (in French) (Second, revised, corrected, and enlarged ed.). Lillebonne: Millénaire III Éditions. p. 314. 5993: 5491: 5301:, edited by Rolf Bader, Christiane Neuhaus, and Ulrich Morgenstern, with a prefaceby Achim Reichel, 297–314. Frankfurt am Main and New York: Peter Lang. 4272: 4925:, Venice: Bernardino & Matheo de Vitali, 1529. Facsimile reprint, Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis, sezione 2., n. 10. Bologna: Forni Editori, 1969. 4783: 4936:, Venice: Marchio Stessa, 1539. Facsimile edition, edited by Georg Frey. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1970. Fourth edition, Venice, 1562. English edition, as 4419:

Decroupet, Pascal; Ungeheuer, Elena (Winter 1998). "Through the Sensory Looking-Glass: The Aesthetic and Serial Foundations of Gesang der Jünglinge".

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many bell- and gong-like sonorities and brilliant exploitation of the piano's natural resonance". Still others have argued that Debussy's works like

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The term "microtonal music" usually refers to music containing very small intervals but can include any tuning that differs from Western twelve-tone

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and music of Eastern traditions. The term "microinterval" is used alongside "microtone" by American musicologist Margo Schulter in her articles on

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Adèr, Lidiâ Olegovna . 2011a. "Микротоновая идея: Истоки и предпосылки" . Научный журнал Санкт-Петербургской консерватории 3–4, nos. 8–9:114–134.

642:. While theoretically an interpretation of ancient Greek tetrachordal theory, in effect Vicentino presented a circulating system of quarter-comma 392:

Many microtonal equal divisions of the octave have been proposed, usually (but not always) in order to achieve approximation to the intervals of

4940:, translated by Peter Bergquist. 3 vols. Colorado College Music Press Translations, no. 4. Colorado Springs: Colorado College Music Press, 1970. 5211: 1181: 490:) for all possible microtonal structures, both ancient (as enharmonic genus—γένος ἐναρμόνιον—of Greeks) and modern (as quarter tone scales of 5306: 5277: 5168: 5131: 4760: 4106: 4081: 3944: 3912: 3403:

Hesse, Horst-Peter (Winter 1991). "Breaking into a New World of Sound: Reflections on the Austrian Composer Franz Richter Herf (1920–1989)".

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Rae, Caroline (2013). "Messiaen and Ohana: Parallel Preoccupations or Anxiety of Influence?". In Fallon, Robert; Dingle, Christopher (eds.).

2455: 2402: 2298: 5286: 4809: 3607: 6210: 5594: 5422: 1203: 567: 4926: 1207: 1129: 1050: 307:

and various other Near Eastern musical traditions, but do not actually name the "mathematical" terms schisma, comma, and diaschisma.

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Werntz, Julia. 2001. "Adding Pitches: Some New Thoughts, Ten Years after Perspectives of New Music's 'Forum: Microtonality Today'".

5148: 5098: 5045: 5019: 4963: 4637: 4313: 4202: 4175: 4157: 4146: 3762: 3560: 3158: 3116: 3091: 3004: 2812: 2505: 2480: 1888: 1151: 5396: 832:(31 equal tones per octave), Partch (continuing to build his handcrafted orchestra of microtonal just intonation instruments), and 4680: 1346:(France, 1919–1989, many different equal temperaments: 18ET, 24ET, 30ET, 36ET, 48ET, 96ET most particularly and polymicrotonality) 7153: 6579: 469: 5409: 4223:: A Quarter-tone Piece for Flute in the Historical Context of the Enharmonic Genre in Eighteenth-century French Music and Theory 77:, also called "microintervals". It may also be extended to include any music using intervals not found in the customary Western 6694: 6173: 5870: 5126:, 107–122. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt 47. Mainz: Schott Musik International. 5086: 3307:

Belyaev, Victor M. (1971). "Азербайджанская народная песня (1960)" [Azerbaijan Folk Songs]. In Belyaev, Victor (ed.).

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Battier, Marc; Lacino, Thierry (1984). "Simulation and Extrapolation of Instrumental Sounds Using Direct Synthesis at IRCAM (

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has been making its own custom "microtonal" instruments since the mid 1990s. The proprietary tuning system they use in their

136: 843:(1987) on and inexpensive software synthesizers have contributed to the ease and popularity of exploring microtonal music. 6980: 6358: 3787: 888:

a cycle that explores all of the equal temperaments from 13 notes to the octave through 24 notes to the octave, including

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composed a cantata "Prométhée enchaîné" for a solo voice, choir and orchestra (premiered in 1849), where in one movement (

5221: 5209:. . "Third Bridge Helix: From Experimental Punk to Ancient Chinese Music and the Universal Physical Laws of Consonance". 4711: 854:

facilitates the use of any kind of microtonal tuning, and sidesteps the need to develop new notational systems. In 1954,

7148: 6060: 5001:(ed.). 2001. "The Ratio Book." (Documentation of the Ratio Symposium Royal Conservatory The Hague 14–16 December 1992). 502:, which is subordinate to the dominating tonality, especially in the context of European music of the 19th century) and 7030: 6719: 6296: 5975: 5075:

Daniels, Arthur Michael. 1965. "Microtonality and Mean-Tone Temperament in the Harmonic System of Francisco Salinas".

5070:(1618–1624), with an introduction by Patrizio Barbieri. Musurgiana 24. Lucca, Italy: Libreria Musicale Italiana, 1991. 4736: 2877: 2783: 2719: 1768: 549:(1972–1976) contains a number of "augmented" modes that are based on Greek scales but are asymmetrical to the octave. 227: 3895:

Criton, Pascale (2010). "Variabilité et multiplicité acoustique" [Variability and acoustic multiplicity]. In

683: 4042: 802: 7112: 6687: 6140: 6000: 5743: 5619: 5514: 4739: 4592: 4236:

Reilly, Edward R.; Solum, John (Spring 1992). "De Lusse, Buffardin, and an Eighteenth-Century Quarter Tone Piece".

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Howat, Roy (2001). "Debussy, (Achille-)Claude: §10, 'Musical Language'". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.).

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https://www.native-instruments.com/fileadmin/userlib/legacy/userlib_kontakt/1355701044_File_12389_53.shadow-.zip

4197:(Reprinted : Dover, 2004 ed.). East Lansing, Michigan, USA: Michigan State College Press. pp. 117–18. 1018:

has used microtonal string arrangements in their music, such as on "How to Disappear Completely" from the album

587:. The ancient Greeks approached the creation of different musical intervals and modes by dividing and combining 135:

can refer to any music containing microtones. The words "microtone" and "microtonal" were coined before 1912 by

6409: 5644: 3268: 3246: 1864: 1059: 677: 6545: 5773: 4362:

Don, Gary (Spring 2001). "Brilliant Colors Provocatively Mixed: Overtone Structures in the Music of Debussy".

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Hába, Alois (1922). "Vývoj hudební tvorby a theorie vzhledem k diatonice, chromatice a čtvrttónové soustavě".

2752:(Fourth ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 193. 2441: 2153: 1999: 693:

In the 1910s and 1920s, quarter tones (24 equal pitches per octave) received attention from such composers as

623:'s "Chromatic Chanson", "Seigneur Dieu ta pitié" of 1558 used 1/3 comma meantone (which almost exactly equals 7100: 6379: 6205: 6130: 6053: 5902: 5584: 5260:

Mosch, Ulrich. 2008. "Ultrachromatik und Mikrotonalität: Hans Zenders Grundlegung einer neuen Harmonik". In

5077: 4993:, edited by Diego L. González, Domenico Stanzial, and Davide Bonsi. 2 vols. Venice: Fondazione Giorgio Cini. 3931:(2004). "Alois Hába et l'expérimentation micro-intervallique". In Galmiche, Xavier; Stránská, Lenka (eds.). 3376: 3069: 1452: 866: 731:, stated that they used neither equal divisions of the octave nor just intonation intervals. Ellis inspired 260: 81:. In other words, a microtone may be thought of as a note that falls "between the keys" of a piano tuned in 6163: 4479: 4332:(2001). "Debussy, (Achille-)Claude: §7, 'Models and Influences'". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). 7143: 7122: 7081: 6401: 6364: 6354: 5599: 2289:

Boatwright, Howard (1971). "Ives' Quarter-Tone Impressions". In Boretz, Benjamin; Cone, Edward T. (eds.).

1942: 1816: 1377: 638:(1511–1576) worked with microtonal intervals and built a keyboard with 36 keys to the octave known as the 870:(1955–56) he used various scales, ranging from seven up to sixty equal divisions of the octave. In 1955, 7065: 6604: 6397: 5719: 5549: 5178:

Neue Harmonielehre des diatonischen, chromatischen Viertel-, Drittel-, Sechstel- und Zwölftel-tonsystems

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Musical Sounds from Past Millennia: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Musical Acoustics 2001

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Belyaev, Victor M. (1971). "Турецкая музыка (1934)" [Turkish Music]. In Belyaev, Victor (ed.).

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in quarter tone tuning, natural harmonics in his Horn Trio, later just intonation in his solo concertos)

1349: 855: 829: 821:(third tones, quarter tones, sixth tones and twelfth tones, non octaving scales) and the early works of 458: 399:

Terminology other than "microtonal" has been used or proposed by some theorists and composers. In 1914,

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Ellis, Alexander J. (1884). "Tonometrical Observations on Some Existing Non-Harmonic Musical Scales".

654: 195:, however, is rare or nonexistent, normally being translated as "microtonality"; in French, the terms 6572: 6405: 6350: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6029: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5524: 5269: 5156: 5123: 4672: 4281: 3251: 2329: 2211: 1894: 1714: 1690: 1494: 1000: 893: 889: 796: 716: 624: 414: 400: 374: 4945:

Barbieri, Patrizio. 1989. "An Unknown 15th-Century French Manuscript on Organ Building and Tuning".

3459:"Микрохроматические интервалы" [Mikrochromaticheskie Intervali / Microchromatic Intervals]. 6965: 6369: 6342: 6240: 6024: 5969: 5669: 5649: 5341: 5265: 4691:

on 23 September 2015. Transcript from an audio recording of the broadcast on Citizen Insane website

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The Hellenic civilizations of ancient Greece left fragmentary records of their music, such as the

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allows any sound card or synthesizer to play 48 microtones per octave, each separated by 1/8 step

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Toscanello in musica... nuovamente stampato con laggiunta da lui fatta et con diligentia corretto

4442: 4304: 4225:(DMA diss.). Iowa City, Iowa, USA: The University of Iowa. pp. iii, 1, 9–10, 52–55, 116–119. 3516:

Kholopov, Y. ; Kirillina, L. ; Kyuregyan, T. ; Lyzhov, G. ; Pospelova, R. ; Tsenova, V. (2006),

3422: 2933: 2372: 2035: 1987: 1912: 1369:(Greece, France, 1922–2001, quarter and third tones most particularly, occasionally eighth tones) 1343: 1294:(U.S.S.R. (Russia), France, 1893–1979, quarter tones, twelfth tones and other equal temperaments) 928:, who derived his compositions' tunings from frequency-runs submitted by users of a custom-built 620: 108: 6439: 5534: 4329: 3045:"Xenharmonic Excursion to Padua, 1318: Marchettus, the Cadential Diesis, and Neo-Gothic Tunings" 2426: 1993: 1199: 1177: 698: 541:(1995), which gradually expands stacked-interval chords ranging from minor 2nds to major 7thsm. 149: 5353:

Zweifel, Paul. 1996. "Generalized Diatonic and Pentatonic Scales: A Group-Theoretic Approach".

5066:. Naples: C. Vitale. Facsimile reprint of a copy containing manuscript critical annotations by 4568:"Igloo Magazine :: Aleksi Perälä (Ovuca) :: The original harmony of Human and Nature" 3928: 2638: 408:(quarter tone music), and the type of intervallic structure found in such music was called the 6873: 6863: 6758: 6710: 6653: 6413: 6374: 6249: 6188: 6034: 5917: 5784: 5564: 5554: 5519: 5302: 5273: 5164: 5144: 5127: 5094: 5041: 5015: 4959: 4633: 4309: 4257:

information to 1885, and especially adapted to the use of music students by Alexander J. Ellis

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In 2016, electronic music composed with arbitrary microtonal scales was explored on the album

766: 720: 631: 530: 358: 342: 82: 78: 5118:. 2007. "Allgemeine Harmonik, Tonsysteme, Mikrotonalität: Ein geschichtlicher Überblick". In 4850: 1843:(b. 1965) (quarter tones, ancient Chinese tunings, e.g. circle-of-fifths and just intonation) 1358: 1354: 463: 7086: 7055: 7020: 6975: 6970: 6883: 6853: 6828: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6621: 6393: 6257: 6225: 6145: 6110: 5922: 5875: 5724: 5634: 5589: 5559: 5500: 5115: 4954:

Barbieri, Patrizio. 2002. "The Evolution of Open-Chain Enharmonic Keyboards c1480–1650". In

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on an 81-step scale starting from 100 Hz with the interval of 5 between steps, and in

6995: 6893: 6843: 6599: 6565: 6515: 6155: 5862: 5604: 5463: 5376: 5294: 5067: 4998: 4784:"'L.W.' proves King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard can master microtonality a third time" 4676: 4485: 4465: 3374:Žabka, Marek (Fall 2014). "Dancing with the Scales: Subchromatic Generated Tone Systems". 2258: 2190: 2077: 2053: 1918: 1732: 1660: 1589: 1530: 1506: 1488: 1325: 1028: 1004: 940:

in the late 1940s, thereby supposedly embodying thoughts and concepts within the tunings.

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Concepts, Experiments and Fieldwork: Studies in Systematic Musicology and Ethnomusicology

5246:, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers. 3542: 2807:. Metuchen (New Jersey, USA) and London (England): The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 59. 1053:

utilises microtonal instruments, including custom microtonal guitars modified to play in

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Chou, Wen-chung (April 1971). "Asian Concepts and Twentieth-Century Western Composers".

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Griffiths, Paul; Lindley, Mark; Zannos, Ioannis (2001). "Microtone". In Sadie, Stanley;

2703:(Second ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard University Press. p. 527. 7045: 7005: 6990: 6919: 6914: 6823: 6773: 6193: 6168: 6115: 6076: 5986: 5699: 5654: 5544: 4688: 4567: 3896: 3044: 2234: 2220: 2083: 2065: 1954: 1948: 1936: 1822: 1792: 1720: 1708: 1702: 1648: 1612: 1601: 1524: 1366: 1279: 1251: 1236:, and in the Third Violin Sonata, as inflections characteristic of Romanian folk music) 989: 743: 710: 522: 346: 288: 272: 144: 4947:

The Organ Yearbook: A Journal for the Players & Historians of Keyboard Instruments

1681:(b. 1952) (invented acoustic instruments in just intonation & recurrent sequences) 612: 7137: 7025: 6783: 6753: 6636: 6488: 6457: 6230: 6183: 6090: 5897: 5639: 5614: 5569: 5371: 4171: 3848:[Dissertation search: микротональность – Search result, documents found: 1]. 3727: 3705: 3077: 2988: 2715: 2547: 2225: 2196: 2173: 2089: 2047: 2017: 2011: 1966: 1882: 1858: 1840: 1834: 1774: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1568: 1536: 1476: 1402: 1390: 1319: 1307: 1285: 1269: 1219: 1038: 833: 814: 807: 759: 728: 702: 592: 584: 575: 526: 507: 483: 304: 242: 231:

defines "microtone" as "an interval smaller than a semitone", which corresponds with

124: 241:. However, the unsigned article "Comma, Schisma" in the same reference source calls 7060: 7015: 6929: 6924: 6803: 6793: 6763: 6748: 6641: 6452: 6292: 6095: 5817: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5689: 5684: 5579: 5539: 5529: 5206: 4846: 4654: 4625: 4613:

microtonal chords. A MIDI player that supports pitch bending will also be required.

4498: 4299: 4000:

Música e investigación: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Musicología "Carlos Vega"

3073: 2450:. Vol. 2: Kondratiev-Zythum (Second ed.). Paris: Larousse. p. 1011. 2353:

Meyer, Max (July–October 1903). "Experimental Studies in the Psychology of Music".

2246: 2148: 2059: 2023: 1930: 1924: 1900: 1804: 1738: 1672: 1618: 1548: 1542: 1512: 1482: 1417: 1406: 1331: 1313: 1297: 1193: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1054: 925: 900: 871: 840: 822: 732: 694: 639: 597: 296: 264: 140: 118: 105: 5253:

Multiple Division Of the Octave and the Tonal Resources of the 19 Tone Temperament

4502: 4004:

Music and research: Magazine of the National Institute of Musicology "Carlos Vega"

3823:[Dissertation search: микротоновый – Search result, documents found: 14]. 3517: 3021: 1322:(France, 1913–1992, third tones (18ET) and quarter tones (24ET) most particularly) 5314:

Vitale, Raoul. 1982. "La Musique suméro-accadienne: gamme et notation musicale".

4833:

the 1st shadow-sky tonal nonoctave scales are available for the sampler Kontakt:

3716:]. Vol. 3. Moscow: Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopedia . pp. 587–589. 3290:

Wyschnegradsky, Ivan (1972). "L'Ultrachromatisme et les espaces non octaviants".

1328:(Italy, 1905–1988, intuitive linear tone deviations, quarter tones, eighth tones) 1190:(Italy, Germany, 1866–1924). Experimented with microtones, including third tones. 913:. "This whole formal discovery came a few weeks after I had completed the album, 566: 53: 44: 7000: 6985: 6540: 6535: 6525: 6120: 6100: 5768: 5763: 5753: 5694: 4914: 4740:

https://www.trebuchet-magazine.com/secret-chiefs-3-interview-with-trey-spruance/

4430: 3933:

L'attraction et la nécessité: Musique tchèque et culture française au XXe siècle

3873:[Dissertation search: микротоника – Search result, documents found: 1]. 3273:

Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon in vier Bänden und einem Ergänzungsband, Volume 4

2568:. 1, Electronic Music. Translated by Goehr, Alexander (English ed.): 22–23. 2418: 2107: 2101: 1960: 1786: 1762: 1750: 1744: 1684: 1678: 1666: 1654: 1518: 1337: 1111: 442: 318: 232: 4050: 3846:"Поиск диссертаций: микротональность – Результат поиска, документов найдено: 1" 3604:

The Microchomatics of I. Wyschnegradsky: History, Theory, Practice, Development

3256:(Twelfth fully revised ed.). Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne. pp. 1032–1033. 2987:

Zaminer, Frieder (2006). "Harmonik und Musiktheorie im alten Griechenland". In

680:

mentioned this piece and expressed an interest in quarter tones for the flute.

7050: 7040: 7010: 6743: 6530: 6499: 5758: 5609: 5428: 4810:"Notes from Underground: Ivan Wyschnegradsky's Manual of Quarter-Tone Harmony" 3907:]. Musique-philosophie (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 119–133. 3279:] (Second ed.). Mainz: Atlantis-Schott Musikbuch-Verlag. p. 304. 2891: 2853: 2538: 2314:

Mann, Maud (MacCarthy) (16 January 1912). "Some Indian Conceptions of Music".

2205: 2134: 2113: 2041: 1828: 1598:(1946–1998) (spectral approach to microintervals, quarter tones, eighth tones) 1470: 1458: 1042: 1033: 996: 984: 960: 588: 491: 450: 378: 314: 268: 250: 20: 4377: 3389: 2900: 828:

Prominent microtonal composers or researchers of the 1940s and 1950s include

329:

with reference to developments in "modernism" in a 1939 record review of the

7035: 6955: 6838: 6520: 6474: 5912: 5629: 5453:, a browser-based synth to explore microtonal tunings with a QWERTY keyboard 3821:"Поиск диссертаций: микротоновый – Результат поиска, документов найдено: 14" 2564: 2267: 2176: – Classification of musical scale or key in ancient Greek music theory 1726: 1615:(b. 1947) (spectral approach to microintervals, quarter tones, eighth tones) 1464: 1015: 1008: 980: 933: 860: 222: 27: 3962:

Suoni di una terra incognita: il microtonalismo in Nord America (1900–1940)

3360: 3149:

Datta, Asoke Kumar; Sengupta, Ranjan; Dey, Nityananda; Nag, Dipali (2006),

2970:. Berlin, Frankfurt, and Vienna: Verlag Ullstein. pp. 29–32, 210–212, 2872: 2071: 1735:(b. 1956) (different equal temperaments, just intonation, polymicrotonally) 5402: 5027:

Blackwood, Easley. 1991. "Modes and Chord Progressions in Equal Tunings".

3871:"Поиск диссертаций: микротоника – Результат поиска, документов найдено: 1" 3467:] (in Russian) (Second ed.). Moscow: Praktika. 2007. p. 563. 3448:] (in Russian). Moscow: Sov'etskaya Entsiklopediya. 1990. p. 344. 3277:

Brockhaus Riemann Music Lexicon in Four Volumes and a Supplementary Volume

283:

or between a sharp and its enharmonically paired flat in various forms of

279:

into more than 12 parts, and various discrepancies among the intervals of

6668: 6663: 6631: 6616: 5907: 5040:, second edition, ed. Diana Deutsch. 215–264. San Diego: Academic Press. 4630:

All Blues Soloing for Jazz Guitar: Scales, Licks, Concepts & Choruses

4588: 1551:(Canada, b. 1939, different equal temperaments, following Wyschnegradsky) 1439: 1084: 964: 947:

works exclusively in a microtonal system known as the Colundi sequence.

643: 601: 499: 112: 74: 5272:, 61–76. Archive zur Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, No. 12. Hofheim:Wolke. 4980:

Barbieri, Patrizio, Alessandro Barca, and conte Giordano Riccati. 1987.

3111:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–126. 6494: 6444: 5252: 2748:

Barbera, André (2003). "Comma, Schisma". In Randel, Don Michael (ed.).

2376: 2179: 1479:(U.S.A, 1929–2023, 7-tone, 19-tone, 22-tone, 31-tone equal temperament) 1288:(Czechoslovakia, 1893–1973, quarter tones and other equal temperaments) 1254:(Australia, 1882–1961, particularly works for his "free music machine") 1136: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 790: 747: 454: 366: 246: 4874: 4862: 4446: 4390:

Partch (1979), pp. 119–137 (Chapter 8, "Application of the 11 Limit").

3426: 3151:

Experimental Analysis of Shrutis from Performances in Hindustani Music

2937: 494:); this generalization term allowed also to avoid derivatives such as 6647: 6610: 6588: 6462: 6178: 6105: 5624: 5390: 4887:

http://centrebombe.org/dansleciel,lebruitdel'ombre.html#nonoctave

3966:

Sounds of an unknown land: microtonalism in North America (1900–1940)

2332:(25 May 1877). "On the Measurement and Settlement of Musical Pitch". 874:

used 13 equal-tempered intervals per octave in his Whitsun oratorio,

276: 237: 211:

are also sometimes used, occasionally mixed in the same passage with

175:, and French sources give the equivalent German and English terms as 4666: 4664: 4632:. Guitar Master Class. Pacific, Missouri, USA: Mel Bay. p. 20. 4481:

Liner notes to "Blackwood: Microtonal Compositions" [CDR018]

3600:Микрохроматика И. Вышнеградского: История, теория, практика освоения 3188:

Hába, Alois (1921). "Harmonische Grundlagen des Vierteltonsystems".

2368: 690:) he used quarter tones, to imitate the enharmonic genus of Greeks. 5469: 5432: 5192:, ed. B. Gilmore. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 4438: 3981:

Ultracromatiche sensazioni: il microtonalismo in Europa (1840–1940)

3642:Сергей Протопопов: композиторское творчество и теоретические работы 3418: 2929: 6679: 6626: 6479: 6467: 6045: 5297:. 2010. "About Backyards and Limbos: Microtonality Revisited". In 1807:(b. 1961) (quarter tones, twelfth tones, extended just intonation) 1445: 1443:, occasional microtonal instrumental and vocal writing throughout 1180:(Belgium, U.S.A., 1858–1931, used quarter tones in several of the 1020: 611: 382: 5444: 5344:. 1937. "La musique à quarts de ton et sa réalisation pratique". 5332:

Wood, James. 1986. "Microtonality: Aesthetics and Practicality".

5197:

Kotschy, Johannes. 2008. "Mikrotonalität: Eine Zeiterscheinung?"

4655:"A Microtonal Analysis of Robert Johnson's "Drunken Hearted Man"" 2500:. Guides Musicologiques. Paris: Editions Beauchesne. p. 13. 2475:. Guides Musicologiques. Paris: Editions Beauchesne. p. 13. 1087:

used quarter tones and other microtonal intervals in their album

922:

Radionics Radio: An Album of Musical Radionic Thought Frequencies

6484: 5057:". Vanessa Carr's website (29 February). (Accessed 2 April 2009) 3730:(2000). "Микро и последствия" [Micro and consequences]. 3086:. Vol. 12. London: Macmillan Publishers. pp. 279–280. 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2316:

Proceedings of the Musical Association, 38th Session (1911–1912)

2252: 1571:(Finland, b. 1948, quarter tones, non equal temperament tunings) 1037:

aspect is ratio-based, not equal temperament. The band's leader

956: 605:

perfect fourth (approximately 498 cents, or the ratio of 4/3 in

386: 171:

In French, the usual term is the somewhat more self-explanatory

6683: 6561: 6049: 5473: 5438: 5423:

Julián Carrillo and the 13th Sound: A Microtonal Musical System

5054: 4753:"King Gizzard Announce a New Album, 'Flying Microtonal Banana'" 3629:] (PhD diss.). Vladivostok: Far East State Academy of Arts. 2608:. Lanham, MS, and Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 109. 2533:. 1 (Musical Thought at IRCAM, edited by Tod Machover): 77–82. 2237: – Terms for tuning an instrument and a systems of pitches 2137: – A guitar where the bridge extends beyond its usual stop 1577:(France, b. 1961, introduces acyclic nonoctave scales in 1980) 1515:(U.S.A., 1934–2006, just intonation, 72-tone equal temperament) 5233:

Leedy, Douglas. 1991. "A Venerable Temperament Rediscovered".

3985:

Ultrachromatic sensations: microtonalism in Europe (1840–1940)

3505:] (in Russian). Moscow: Muzyka. pp. 65, 123, 152 etc. 3440:"Микрохроматика" [Mikrochromatika / Microchromatics]. 1387:(Italy, 1924–1990, quarter tones, eighth tones and 16th tones) 1272:(Italy, 1885–1947, used quarter tones and eighth tones on the 1105: 521:

Examples of this can be found in various places, ranging from

498:(microtonality, which could be understood in Russian as a sub- 16:

Use in music of microtones (intervals smaller than a semitone)

5397:

Jim Aikin's article on alternative tuning in electronic music

5225: 2999:. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. p. 94. 627:) and explored the full compass of 19 pitches in the octave. 19:

For sounds on the time scale shorter than musical notes, see

5450: 5415: 4593:"LilyPond – Notation Reference v2.21.7 (development-branch)" 4543:""Colundi" is Music Tuned to Frequencies That Heal the Body" 2968:

Musica ex machina: über das Verhältnis von Musik und Technik

2832:. Latina, Italy: Il Levante Libreria Editrice. p. 139. 2581:

Messiaen Perspectives 2: Techniques, Influence and Reception

1202:(Mexico, 1875–1965) many different equal temperaments, look 1057:. Tracks with these instruments appear on their 2017 albums 468:

and the music theorist Rolf Maedel, Herf's colleague at the

313:

In English the word "microtonality" is mentioned in 1946 by

61:

Two examples of an Ives fundamental chord with quarter tones

5159:. 2007. "Mikrotonalität und spektrale Musik seit 1980". In 5036:

Burns, Edward M. 1999. "Intervals, Scales, and Tuning." In

4982:

Acustica accordatura e temperamento nell'illuminismo Veneto

3788:

Gosudarstvennaâ Konservatoriâ imeni N.A. Rimskogo-Korsakova

3665:Микрохроматика в системе современного музыкального мышления 3623:Микрохроматика в музыкальном искусстве позднего Возрождения 2562:

Boulez, Pierre (1958). "At the Ends of Fruitful Land ...".

1363:(Austria, 1920–1989, 72-equal temperament, "ekmelic" music) 1300:(U.S.A., 1901–1974, just intonation, including a system of 907:, using alternate tuning scales she invented for the album 4851:

https://twitter.com/Mick_Gordon/status/1627845703505711105

3646:

Sergey Protopopov: composer's output and theoretical works

2583:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 164, 174n40. 1723:(b. 1955) (different equal temperaments, notably the 48ET) 813:

Major microtonal composers of the 1920s and 1930s include

317:

who related it to microtonal inflexions of the so-called "

225:, in the article "Microtone" in the second edition of the 6557: 4971:

Barbieri, Patrizio. 2003. "Temperaments, Historical". In

4712:"Jon Catler: Evolution for Electric Guitar and Orchestra" 4308:(Second ed.). New York: Da Capo Press. p. vii. 3064: 3062: 2955:. Freiburg im Breisgau and Munich: K. Alber. p. 288. 2873:"Microtonal Analysis of "Blue Notes" and the Blues Scale" 2676:

Karlheinz Stockhausen: ... un vaisseau lancé vers le ciel

2228: – Ascending or descending sequence of musical tones 5064:

La sambuca lincea, overo Dell'istromento musico perfetto

4885:

the nonoctave polyscalar music theory published online:

3784:

Microtonic music in Europe and Russia in the 1900s–1920s

3780:Микротоновая музыка в Европе и России в 1900–1920–е годы 1561:

for solo flute, 1976; quarter tones and eighth tones in

1242:(Poland, 1882–1937, used quarter tones on the violin in 341:

while "Mikroton" seems to prevail in discussions of the

323:

Microtonal Analysis of “Blues Notes” and the Blues Scale

5161:

Orientierungen: Wege im Pluralismus der Gegenwartsmusik

5120:

Orientierungen: Wege im Pluralismus der Gegenwartsmusik

4408:]. Cologne: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg. p. 37. 4400:

Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1964). Schnebel, Dieter (ed.).

3486:] (in Russian). Moscow: Praktika. pp. 353–354. 3334:]. Moscow: Sov'etskii Kompozitor. pp. 163–176. 3315:]. Moscow: Sov'etskii Kompozitor. pp. 108–156. 2421:(1961). "Micro-intervalle". In Michel, François (ed.). 2293:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 8–9. 2230:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

2216:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

5456: 5091:

The Musicology and Organology of the Ancient Near East

3738:]. Moscow: Gnessins Music Academy. pp. 27–38. 3484:

Music of the Twentieth Century: An Academic Dictionary

26:"Microtone" redirects here. For the slicing tool, see 3987:] (in Italian), Lucca: Libreria musicale italiana 3968:] (in Italian), Lucca: Libreria musicale italiana 3581:

Problems of Musical Structure in the Early Modern Era

3555:(in Russian), St Petersburg: Lan, pp. 172 etc., 3153:, Kolkata: ITC Sangeet Research Academy, p. 18, 2255: – Melodic mode of improvisation in Indian music 1266:(Romania, Austria, Palestine, USA, Canada, 1897–1973) 5418:". (Article on alternative tuning in Peruvian music) 5106:

Fink, Robert. 1988. "The Oldest Song in the World".

4402:

Texte 2: Aufsätze 1952–1962 zur musikalischen Praxis

4099:

Musical Form and Analysis: Time, Pattern, Proportion

3708:(1976). "Микрохроматика" [Microchromatics]. 3043:

Schulter, Margo (2 March 2001). McComb, Todd (ed.).

3020:

Schulter, Margo (10 June 1998). McComb, Todd (ed.).

2263:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2201:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2165: – Music performance controller and synthesizer 2158:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2145:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2143: – system for identifying tones in Arabic music 903:

experimented with many microtonal systems including

369:; Thai, Burmese, and African music, and music using 7074: 6944: 6904: 6733: 6726: 6508: 6425: 6388: 6341: 6248: 6239: 6154: 6083: 6017: 6008:

Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media

5961: 5931: 5888: 5861: 5783: 5742: 5733: 5677: 5507: 3577:Проблемы музыкального строя в начале Нового времени 884:

Twelve Microtonal Etudes for Electronic Music Media

3530:(in Russian), Moscow: Kompozitor, pp. 86 etc. 2914:McNaught, W. (February 1939). "Gramophone Notes". 2443:Nouveau Larousse encyclopédique: Kondratiev-Zythum 2388: 2386: 936:electronic soundmaking equipment used by Oxford's 5289:". Noyzelab Blogspot.com.au (Monday, 10 November) 5255:". Ph.D. thesis. Bloomington: Indiana University. 2643:Dictionnaire des musiques microtonales: 1892–2013 152:, writing in Spanish or French, coined the terms 5441:– links to microtonal composers and compositions 4351:(Second ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. 4336:(Second ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. 4182:(Second ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. 4074:Synthesizer Performance and Real-time Techniques 3627:Microchromatics in Music of the Late Renaissance 3109:The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Music 2792:(Second ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. 2728:(Second ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. 2649:] (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 2498:L'anglais musicologique: l'anglais des musiciens 2208: – Device to test musical instrument tuning 1557:(Great Britain, b. 1943, quarter tones, 31ET in 1509:(France, b. 1934) (quarter tones and 16th tones) 1421:, but soon after abandoning microtonal elements) 1216:(Hungary, 1881–1945, rare uses of quarter tones) 299:from the 10th century onward, and similarly for 5447:– links to microtonal projects around the world 5244:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 4681:"Interview with Jonny and Krzysztof Penderecki" 4349:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 4334:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 4180:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 4101:. Long Grove: Waveland Press, Inc. p. 82. 3345:Belaiev, Victor (July 1935). "Turkish Music ". 3230:. Leipzig: C. F. Kahnt Nachfolger. p. 184. 3083:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2789:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2725:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 2440:Garnier, Yves, ed. (1998). "Micro-intervalle". 1098:employs microtonal instruments in their music. 917:, which is wholly in new tunings and timbres". 256:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 5433:Wilson Archives of papers on microtonal theory 5012:The Structure of Recognizable Diatonic Tunings 3669:Microchomatics in Contemporary Musical Thought 3328:О музыкальном фольклоре и древней письменности 3309:О музыкальном фольклоре и древней письменности 2214: – Specification of precise musical pitch 2193: – Musical tuning based on pure intervals 1467:(U.S.A., 1928–2015, 72-tone equal temperament) 881:In 1979–80 Easley Blackwood composed a set of 6695: 6573: 6061: 5485: 5410:Dr. John Chalmers Divisions of the Tetrachord 5212:Perfect Sound Forever (online music magazine) 4406:Texts 2: Essays on musical practice 1952–1962 4141:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 160–172. 2243: – Musical scale created by Harry Partch 1455:(U.S.A., 1926–2019, extended just intonation) 719:, who in the 1880s produced a translation of 600:, less than half of the contemporary Western 486:, to describe a kind of 'intervallic genus' ( 121:, (two variants of) three quarter tones flat; 8: 6136:List of intervals in 5-limit just intonation 5190:Maximum Clarity' and other writings on music 4527:Murphy, Ben (January 2017). "Making Waves". 4259:. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 514–527. 3786:] (Non-doctoral diss.). St. Petersburg: 3732:Музыкальное образование в контексте культуры 3241:Riemann, Hugo (1967). "Vierteltonmusik". In 2261: – software to work with musical scales 432:for intervals smaller than the semitone and 5285:Noyze, Dave, and Richard D. James.. 2014. " 4599:. p. 3.5.1 Supported notation for MIDI 4195:Tuning and Temperament: A Historical Survey 4126:, Hants, UK: Ashgate Publishing, p. 88 3228:Fortschrittliche Harmonie- und Melodielehre 3022:"Pythagorean Tuning and Medieval Polyphony" 2397:(paperback). Courlay: Fuzeau. p. 119. 676:in September 1764, the celebrated flautist 418:, and in the second edition of the popular 79:tuning of twelve equal intervals per octave 6730: 6702: 6688: 6680: 6580: 6566: 6558: 6245: 6068: 6054: 6046: 5739: 5492: 5478: 5470: 4503:"Three Asymmetric Divisions of the Octave" 4460:Blackwood, Easley; Kust, Jeffrey (2005) , 4273:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 3332:On Musical Folklore and Ancient Literature 3313:On Musical Folklore and Ancient Literature 2830:Enharmonic instruments and music 1470–1900 2647:Dictionary of Microtonal Musics: 1892–2013 999:have incorporated microtonal guitars like 482:(microchromatics), coined in the 1970s by 5287:Aphex Twin Syrobonkers! Interview: Part 2 5014:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 4462:Easley Blackwood: Microtonal Compositions 3757:] (in Russian). Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. 3480:Музыка ХХ века. Энциклопедический словарь 3138:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 127n1. 2890: 2860:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 234. 2714:Richter, Lukas (2001). "Diesis (ii)". In 2546: 1152:Learn how and when to remove this message 441:, has been used by theorist Marek Žabka. 5380:) is being considered for deletion. See 5093:, second edition. London: Tadema Press. 4751:Heavenly Recordings (11 November 2016). 4047:Xenharmonic Wiki blog at macrospaces.com 4097:Spring, Glenn; Hutcheson, Jere (2013). 3736:Music education in the cultural context 3107:Cook, Nicholas; Pople, Anthony (2004). 2429:and Vladimir Fèdorov. Paris: Fasquelle. 2281: 5242:Lindley, Mark. 2001b. "Temperaments". 4170:Lindley, Mark (2001). "Mean-tone". In 4076:. Madison: A-R Editions. p. 239. 3685:More references can be located on the 1831:(b. 1965) (extended JI up to 23-limit) 1819:(b. 1962) (quarter tones, eight tones) 1545:(U.S.A., b. 1939, non-octaving scales) 1405:(France, 1925–2016) (first example of 3442:Музыкальный энциклопедический словарь 1210:(mostly Spanish but some English too) 578:) on E, divided into two tetrachords. 7: 5143:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 3937:Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV) 3608:Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire 3177:. Leipzig: Verlag F. E. C. Leuckart. 3047:. Medieval Music and Arts Foundation 3024:. Medieval Music and Arts Foundation 1608:Michael Tilson Thomas (MTT) (b.1944) 1539:(b. 1938, just intonation, meantone) 1334:(U.S.A., 1917–2003, just intonation) 1134:adding citations to reliable sources 646:, maintaining major thirds tuned in 69:is the use in music of microtones — 4875:http://www.playingwithstandards.com 4863:http://www.playingwithstandards.com 3694:[Search for dissertations]. 2997:Geschichte der Musiktheorie, Vol. 2 2858:Shining Trumpets: A History of Jazz 2606:A Dictionary for the Modern Flutist 1583:Modern Western microtonal composers 506:(microtonic, "a barely perceptible 361:. Traditional Indian systems of 22 2291:Perspectives on American Composers 2270: – Theory of microtonal music 1527:(U.S.A., b. 1935, just intonation) 1521:(U.S.A., b. 1935, just intonation) 1497:(Poland, 1933–2020, quarter tones) 1393:(France, 1924–2004, quarter tones) 1316:(The Netherlands, 1907–1987, 31ET) 1282:(U.S.A., 1887–1974, quarter tones) 1196:(U.S.A., 1874–1954, quarter tones) 1051:King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard 14: 5384:to help reach a consensus. › 2395:Histoire de l'acoustique musicale 1889:Fabio Costa (composer, conductor) 1409:with quarter tones in his pieces 1222:(Romania, France, 1881–1955) (in 979:A form of microtone known as the 847:Microtonality in electronic music 779:Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune 754:Fantaisie for piano and orchestra 616:Vicentino's archicembalo in cents 472:, preferred using the Greek word 331:Columbia History of Music, Vol. 5 7117: 7108: 7107: 6211:Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale 5668: 5663: 5262:Hans Zender: Vielstimmig in sich 5199:Österreichische Musikzeitschrift 5180:. Leipzig: Kistner & Siegel. 4137:West, Martin Litchfield (1992). 3519:Музыкально-теоретические системы 3503:The Theory of Modern Composition 1533:(U.S.A., b. 1938, quarter tones) 1110: 951:Limitations of some synthesizers 876:Spiritus intelligentiae, sanctus 564: 529:'s chords of stacked fifths, to 525:'s impressionistic harmonies to 139:in order to avoid the misnomer " 51: 42: 5451:Offtonic Microtonal Synthesizer 5421:Solís Winkler, Ernesto. 2004. " 4927:Online edition of the 1529 text 3446:Musical Encyclopedic Dictionary 3173:Möllendorff, Willy von (1917). 2871:Cutting, Court B (2019-01-17). 2701:The Harvard Dictionary of Music 2448:Nouveau Larousse encyclopédique 1182:Sonatas for Solo Violin, Op. 27 1121:needs additional citations for 757:and the Toccata from the suite 275:, the several divisions of the 6981:Modes of limited transposition 5336:127, no. 1719 (June): 328–330. 3778:Adèr, Lidiâ Olegovna (2013). 3132:Strangways, A. H. Fox (1914). 2356:American Journal of Psychology 2335:Journal of the Society of Arts 1975:Western microtonal researchers 1302:43 unequal tones to the octave 839:Digital synthesizers from the 803:Cloches à travers les feuilles 740:Exposition Universelle of 1889 420:Brockhaus Riemann Musiklexikon 321:". In Court B. Cutting's 2019 291:, and small intervals used in 1: 4687:. BBC Radio 4. Archived from 4218:Koenig, Laura Jeanne (1995). 3499:Теория современной композиции 3497:Tsenova, V. S. , ed. (2007). 1855:(b. 1967) (Polymicrotonality) 1174:(keyboard designs, 1825–1890) 666:L'Art de la flute traversiere 111:residing outside the Western 6174:Harry Partch's 43-tone scale 5871:Harry Partch's 43-tone scale 5425:". (Accessed 19 August 2008) 5403:Nicola Vicentino (1511–1576) 5357:34, no. 1 (Winter): 140–161. 5327:39, no. 2 (Summer): 159–210. 5251:Mandelbaum, M. Joel. 1961. " 5237:29, no. 2 (Summer): 202–211. 5031:29, no. 2 (Summer): 166–200. 3899:; Vaggione, Horacio (eds.). 3544:Гармония. Теоретический курс 653:In 1760 the French flautist 7031:Quartal and quintal harmony 6720:List of modernist composers 5994:Sonata for Microtonal Piano 5445:Projects – Xenharmonic Wiki 5215:(accessed 6 December 2008). 4845:Microtonal composition for 4782:Pooja Bale (4 April 2021). 4193:Barbour, J. Murray (1951). 3749:Kogut, Gennady. A. (2005). 3706:Kholopov, Yuri Nikolaevich 3671:] (PhD diss.). Moscow: 3648:] (PhD diss.). Moscow: 3583:] (PhD diss.). Moscow: 3549:Harmony: Theoretical Course 3541:Kholopov, Yuri N. (2003), 3524:Musical-Theoretical Systems 3271:; Oehl, Kurt, eds. (1995). 2995:; Zaminer, Frieder (eds.). 2878:Empirical Musicology Review 2828:Barbieri, Patrizio (2008). 2750:Harvard Dictionary of Music 2604:Maclagan, Susan J. (2009). 2496:Whitfield, Charles (1989). 1771:(b. 1959) (just intonation) 1260:(France, U.S.A., 1883–1965) 1165:Western microtonal pioneers 1094:American instrumental trio 975:Microtonality in rock music 339:Geschichte der Musiktheorie 228:Harvard Dictionary of Music 127:, three quarter tones sharp 7170: 6141:List of meantone intervals 6001:Suite for Microtonal Piano 4808:K, Noah; K, Rosie (2018). 4710:Couture, François (n.d.). 4478:Blackwood, Easley (n.d.), 4124:Louis Andriessen, De Staat 4122:Adlington, Robert (2004), 3901:Manières de faire des sons 3461:Музыкальный словарь Гроува 2966:Prieberg, Fred K. (1960). 2951:Prieberg, Fred K. (1958). 2803:Von Gunden, Heidi (1986). 2423:Encyclopédie de la musique 1873:, aka Aphex Twin (b. 1971) 25: 18: 7095: 6717: 6595: 6131:List of musical intervals 6126:Consonance and dissonance 5953:Huygens-Fokker Foundation 5941:Boston Microtonal Society 5661: 5439:Listen – Xenharmonic Wiki 5355:Perspectives of New Music 5325:Perspectives of New Music 5235:Perspectives of New Music 5228:(accessed 31 March 2009). 5222:Yuichi Onoue's Kaisatsuko 5141:Harry Partch: A Biography 5029:Perspectives of New Music 5010:Blackwood, Easley. 1985. 4422:Perspectives of New Music 3663:Nikoltsev, I. D. (2013). 3621:Polunina, E. N. (2010). 3406:Perspectives of New Music 3269:Eggebrecht, Hans Heinrich 3247:Eggebrecht, Hans Heinrich 2892:10.18061/emr.v13i1-2.6316 2805:The Music of Ben Johnston 2548:2027/spo.bbp2372.1982.033 2539:10.1080/07494468400640081 2531:Contemporary Music Review 2186:Huygens-Fokker Foundation 2169:Fokker periodicity blocks 1669:(b. 1951) (quarter tones) 1310:(Norway, 1901–1977, 53ET) 725:On the Sensations of Tone 301:Persian traditional music 287:", as well as the Indian 5382:templates for discussion 5081:9, no. 1 (Spring): 2–51. 4919:Thoscanello de la musica 4873:the quartertone pianos: 4861:the quartertone pianos: 4378:10.1525/mts.2001.23.1.61 3710:Музыкальная энциклопедия 3390:10.1215/00222909-2781769 3226:Capellen, Georg (1908). 3076:(1980). "Microtone". In 2473:L'allemand musicologique 2425:. in collaboration with 2249: – Musical interval 1060:Flying Microtonal Banana 684:Jacques Fromental Halévy 678:Pierre-Gabriel Buffardin 7154:Post-tonal music theory 5903:Otonality and Utonality 5414:Loli, Charles. 2008. " 5201:63, no. 7 (July): 8–15. 5078:Journal of Music Theory 5038:The Psychology of Music 4072:Pressing, Jeff (1992). 3598:Gurenko, N.A. (2010). 3575:Klishin, A. G. (2010). 3377:Journal of Music Theory 2953:Lexikon der Neuen Musik 2674:Rigoni, Michel (1998). 2471:Wallon, Simone (1980). 2182: – Aspect of music 1951:, aka Sevish, (b. 1988) 1757:Michael Bach Bachtischa 1075:, and their 2021 album 983:is an integral part of 938:De La Warr Laboratories 773:La cathédrale engloutie 143:" when speaking of the 7082:Second Viennese School 7075:Schools of composition 5600:Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf 5108:Archaeologia Musicalis 5062:Colonna, Fabio. 1618. 5053:Carr, Vanessa. 2008. " 4973:Piano: An Encyclopedia 4252:Helmholtz, Hermann von 4238:Historical Performance 3640:Rovner, A. A. (2010). 3465:Grove Music Dictionary 3175:Musik mit Vierteltönen 3135:The Music of Hindostan 2628:Donval (2006), p. 183. 2393:Donval, Serge (2006). 2241:Partch's 43-tone scale 1817:Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf 1001:31-tone equal tempered 664:published a treatise, 634:composer and theorist 617: 7066:Twelve-tone technique 6605:Fundamental frequency 6398:Temperament ordinaire 5776:(Bohlen–Pierce scale) 5720:Tui St. George Tucker 5268:, Anouk Jeschke, and 5220:Landman, Yuri. n.d. " 5185:Johnston, Ben. 2006. 5157:Haas, Georg Friedrich 5055:These Are Ghost Punks 4788:The Daily Californian 4673:Penderecki, Krzysztof 4433:: 105, 116, 119–121. 4365:Music Theory Spectrum 4049:. n.d. Archived from 4024:The Musical Quarterly 3905:Ways of making sounds 3803:Музыкальная Академия 3348:The Musical Quarterly 2163:Continuum Fingerboard 2156: – musical scale 2000:Adriaan Daniël Fokker 1431:, just intonation in 1425:Karlheinz Stockhausen 1397:Tui St. George Tucker 1375:(Hungary, 1923–2006, 1003:guitar and a 62-tone 858:built his electronic 856:Karlheinz Stockhausen 830:Adriaan Daniel Fokker 615: 333:. In German the term 285:mean-tone temperament 271:melodic intervals of 6201:List of compositions 6030:Generalized keyboard 5525:Easley Blackwood Jr. 5342:Wyschnegradsky, Ivan 5139:Gilmore, Bob. 1998. 5087:Dumbrill, Richard J. 4934:Toscanello in musica 4932:. Third edition, as 4006:] (in Spanish). 3979:Conti, Luca (2008), 3960:Conti, Luca (2005), 3939:. pp. 169–175. 3929:Jedrzejewski, Franck 3714:Musical Encyclopedia 3361:10.1093/mq/XXI.3.356 3254:: Volume 3, Sachteil 3252:Riemann Musiklexikon 3209:Listy hudební matice 2738:Apel (1974), p. 188. 2639:Jedrzejewski, Franck 2212:MIDI tuning standard 1715:Stephen James Taylor 1691:Georg Friedrich Haas 1495:Krzysztof Penderecki 1276:, noise instruments) 1130:improve this article 1007:guitar in blues and 924:by British composer 867:Gesang der Jünglinge 797:Danseuses de Delphes 717:Alexander John Ellis 688:Choeur des Océanides 625:19 equal temperament 591:, recognizing three 535:Clouds of Forgetting 415:Riemann Musiklexikon 401:A. H. Fox Strangways 375:meantone temperament 123:quarter tone sharp, 7149:Ancient Greek music 6025:Enharmonic keyboard 5976:quarter tone pieces 5970:Beauty in the Beast 5650:Ivan Wyschnegradsky 5176:Hába, Alois. 1927. 5116:Fritsch, Johannes G 4938:Toscanello in music 4763:on 11 December 2016 4735:{{cite web | url = 4653:Monzo, Joe (1998). 4464:(Second ed.), 4429:(1). Translated by 4286:1884RSPS...37..368E 4139:Ancient Greek Music 3751:Микротоновая музыка 3692:"Поиск диссертаций" 3673:Moscow Conservatory 3650:Moscow Conservatory 3606:] (PhD diss.). 3585:Moscow Conservatory 2699:Apel, Will (1974). 2330:Ellis, Alexander J. 2154:Bohlen–Pierce scale 2006:Ivan Wyschnegradsky 1871:Richard David James 1461:(U.S.A., 1927–2009) 1340:(U.S.A., 1917–1994) 1292:Ivan Wyschnegradsky 1234:ancient Greek music 1096:Consider the Source 1069:, their 2020 album 967:'s implementation. 915:Beauty in the Beast 910:Beauty In the Beast 819:Ivan Wyschnegradsky 707:Ivan Wyschnegradsky 574:Greek Dorian mode ( 539:Clouds of Unknowing 426:Ivan Wyschnegradsky 297:Arabic music theory 235:'s use of the term 137:Maud MacCarthy Mann 117:quarter tone flat, 6659:Sympathetic string 6435:Chinese musicology 6221:Scale of harmonics 6216:Pythagorean tuning 6164:Euler–Fokker genus 5947:Genesis of a Music 5575:Christiaan Huygens 5462:2020-11-23 at the 5395:Aikin, Jim. 2003. 5316:Ugarit-Forschungen 4305:Genesis of a Music 2120:Mathius Shadow-Sky 2036:Jean-Etienne Marie 1988:Christiaan Huygens 1913:Karola Obermueller 1575:Mathius Shadow-Sky 1350:Franz Richter Herf 1344:Jean-Etienne Marie 1014:English rock band 995:Musicians such as 621:Guillaume Costeley 618: 470:Salzburg Mozarteum 459:Franz Richter Herf 445:proposed the term 7131: 7130: 6940: 6939: 6677: 6676: 6654:Spectral envelope 6555: 6554: 6421: 6420: 6043: 6042: 6035:Modernism (music) 5884: 5883: 5785:Equal temperament 5555:Brian Ferneyhough 5387:Microtone (music) 5346:La Revue Musicale 5334:The Musical Times 5307:978-3-631-58902-1 5278:978-3-936000-25-2 5270:Jörn Peter Hiekel 5169:978-3-7957-1837-4 5132:978-3-7957-1837-4 5124:Jörn Peter Hiekel 4679:(23 March 2012). 4108:978-1-4786-0722-9 4083:978-0-89579-257-0 3946:978-80-86385-27-3 3914:978-2-296-12959-7 3293:La Revue musicale 3243:Gurlitt, Wilibald 2993:von Loesch, Heinz 2924:(1152): 102–104. 2917:The Musical Times 2839:978-88-95203-14-0 2759:978-0-674-01163-2 2685:978-2-911906-02-2 2660:978-2-343-03540-6 2615:978-0-8108-6711-6 2590:978-1-4094-2696-7 2457:978-2-03-153132-6 2404:978-2-84169-152-4 2300:978-0-393-02155-4 1982:Mordecai Sandberg 1907:Kristoffer Zegers 1811:Daniel James Wolf 1555:Brian Ferneyhough 1491:(U.S.A., b. 1932) 1485:(U.S.A., b. 1931) 1412:Le Visage nuptial 1264:Mordecai Sandberg 1240:Karol Szymanowski 1162: 1161: 1154: 746:heard a Balinese 721:Hermann Helmholtz 674:Mercure de France 570: 531:John Luther Adams 359:equal temperament 343:avant-garde music 217:micro-intervalité 193:micro-intervalité 83:equal temperament 57: 47: 7161: 7121: 7111: 7110: 7087:Darmstadt School 7021:Post-romanticism 6731: 6704: 6697: 6690: 6681: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6559: 6394:Well temperament 6380:Regular diatonic 6246: 6226:Tonality diamond 6070: 6063: 6056: 6047: 5923:Tonality diamond 5746:repeating scales 5740: 5725:Nicola Vicentino 5672: 5667: 5635:Nicola Vicentino 5560:Michael Finnissy 5501:Microtonal music 5494: 5487: 5480: 5471: 5408:Chalmers, John. 5358: 5349: 5337: 5328: 5319: 5310: 5295:Stahnke, Manfred 5290: 5281: 5266:Werner Grünzweig 5256: 5247: 5238: 5229: 5216: 5202: 5193: 5189: 5181: 5172: 5152: 5135: 5111: 5110:2, no. 2:98–100. 5102: 5082: 5071: 5058: 5049: 5032: 5023: 5006: 4999:Barlow, Clarence 4994: 4985: 4976: 4967: 4950: 4941: 4931: 4910: 4904: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4759:. Archived from 4757:Heavenly Records 4748: 4742: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4677:Greenwood, Jonny 4668: 4659: 4658: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4606: 4604: 4589:LilyPond project 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4529:Electronic Sound 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4330:Lesure, François 4326: 4320: 4319: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4221:Air à la grecque 4215: 4209: 4208: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4053:on July 14, 2016 4039: 4033: 4032: 4018: 4012: 4011: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3867: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3842: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3755:Microtonal Music 3746: 3740: 3739: 3728:Kholopov, Y. N. 3724: 3718: 3717: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3554: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3478:Akopyan, Levon. 3475: 3469: 3468: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3296:(290–91): 84–87. 3287: 3281: 3280: 3267:Dahlhaus, Carl; 3264: 3258: 3257: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3017: 3011: 3010: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2894: 2868: 2862: 2861: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2779: 2764: 2763: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2390: 2381: 2380: 2363:(3–4): 192–214. 2350: 2344: 2343: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2286: 2264: 2231: 2217: 2202: 2159: 2146: 2141:Arab tone system 2096:William Sethares 1853:Peter Thoegersen 1769:Michael Harrison 1563:La Chute d'Icare 1501:Easley Blackwood 1362: 1230:enharmonic genus 1188:Ferruccio Busoni 1172:Henry Ward Poole 1157: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1114: 1106: 1049:Australian band 852:Electronic music 670:Air à la grecque 663: 655:Charles de Lusse 636:Nicola Vicentino 576:enharmonic genus 572: 571: 543:Louis Andriessen 496:микротональность 488:интервальный род 467: 410:Vierteltonsystem 406:Viertelton-Musik 173:micro-intervalle 133:Microtonal music 59: 58: 49: 48: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7134: 7133: 7132: 7127: 7104: 7091: 7070: 6996:New Objectivity 6949: 6947: 6936: 6900: 6722: 6713: 6711:Modernist music 6708: 6678: 6673: 6622:Microinflection 6600:Colors of noise 6591: 6586: 6556: 6551: 6548:(Bohlen–Pierce) 6516:833 cents scale 6504: 6427: 6417: 6384: 6337: 6235: 6156:Just intonation 6150: 6079: 6077:Musical tunings 6074: 6044: 6039: 6013: 5957: 5933: 5927: 5890: 5880: 5876:Double diatonic 5863:Just intonation 5857: 5779: 5745: 5735: 5729: 5673: 5659: 5605:Joel Mandelbaum 5535:Julián Carrillo 5515:Richard Barrett 5503: 5498: 5464:Wayback Machine 5385: 5366: 5361: 5352: 5340: 5331: 5322: 5313: 5293: 5284: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5232: 5226:Hypercustom.com 5219: 5205: 5196: 5187: 5184: 5175: 5155: 5138: 5114: 5105: 5085: 5074: 5068:Scipione Stella 5061: 5052: 5035: 5026: 5009: 5003:Feedback Papers 4997: 4988: 4979: 4970: 4953: 4944: 4929: 4913: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4896:Further reading 4893: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4844: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4670: 4669: 4662: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4640: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609:Microtones but 4602: 4600: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4573: 4571: 4566: 4565: 4561: 4552: 4550: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4507:wendycarlos.com 4497: 4496: 4492: 4486:Cedille Records 4477: 4476: 4472: 4466:Cedille Records 4459: 4458: 4454: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4316: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4205: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4149: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4109: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4020: 4019: 4015: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3897:Soulez, Antonia 3894: 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3552: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3527: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3215:: 35–40, 51–57. 3206: 3205: 3201: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3070:Griffiths, Paul 3068: 3067: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3007: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2870: 2869: 2865: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2840: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2815: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2781: 2780: 2767: 2760: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2686: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2591: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2427:François Lesure 2417: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2392: 2391: 2384: 2369:10.2307/1412315 2352: 2351: 2347: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2301: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2262: 2229: 2215: 2200: 2191:Just intonation 2157: 2144: 2130: 2125: 2078:Clarence Barlow 2054:Joel Mandelbaum 1994:Julián Carrillo 1977: 1972: 1919:Martin Suckling 1895:Sander Germanus 1781:Richard Barrett 1733:Johnny Reinhard 1661:Manfred Stahnke 1625:Elizabeth Brown 1590:Clarence Barlow 1585: 1580: 1531:John Corigliano 1507:Alain Bancquart 1489:Joel Mandelbaum 1352: 1326:Giacinto Scelsi 1228:to suggest the 1200:Julián Carrillo 1167: 1158: 1147: 1141: 1138: 1127: 1115: 1104: 1029:Secret Chiefs 3 1005:just intonation 977: 953: 943:Finnish artist 934:radionics-based 930:web application 905:just intonation 849: 699:Julián Carrillo 657: 648:just intonation 607:just intonation 581: 580: 579: 573: 565: 562: 561: 555: 461: 434:infra-chromatic 430:ultra-chromatic 394:just intonation 371:just intonation 355: 293:Byzantine chant 281:just intonation 213:micro-intervale 150:Julián Carrillo 130: 129: 128: 122: 116: 103: 102: 96: 91: 73:smaller than a 64: 63: 62: 60: 52: 50: 43: 41: 38: 37: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7167: 7165: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7136: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7115: 7101:Romantic music 7097: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7089: 7084: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7006:Pandiatonicism 7003: 6998: 6993: 6991:New Complexity 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6911:United States 6908: 6906: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6841: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6798: 6797: 6796: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6778: 6777: 6776: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6737: 6735: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6684: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6607: 6602: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6562: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6392: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6347: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6169:Harmonic scale 6166: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6116:Interval ratio 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6050: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5990: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5920: 5918:Xenharmonicity 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5894: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5750: 5748: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5700:Adriaan Fokker 5697: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5655:La Monte Young 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5620:John Schneider 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5565:Bjørn Fongaard 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5545:Mildred Couper 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5426: 5419: 5416:Microtonalismo 5412: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5369: 5365: 5364:External links 5362: 5360: 5359: 5350: 5348:no. 171:26–33. 5338: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5291: 5282: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5230: 5217: 5203: 5194: 5182: 5173: 5153: 5136: 5112: 5103: 5083: 5072: 5059: 5050: 5033: 5024: 5007: 4995: 4986: 4977: 4968: 4951: 4942: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4854: 4838: 4826: 4800: 4774: 4743: 4728: 4702: 4671:Wilson, John; 4660: 4645: 4638: 4617: 4580: 4559: 4547:Bandcamp Daily 4534: 4519: 4490: 4470: 4452: 4439:10.2307/833578 4411: 4392: 4383: 4354: 4339: 4321: 4314: 4291: 4262: 4243: 4228: 4210: 4203: 4185: 4172:Sadie, Stanley 4162: 4147: 4129: 4114: 4107: 4089: 4082: 4064: 4034: 4013: 3990: 3971: 3952: 3945: 3920: 3913: 3887: 3862: 3837: 3812: 3793: 3770: 3763: 3741: 3719: 3697: 3678: 3655: 3632: 3613: 3590: 3567: 3561: 3533: 3508: 3489: 3470: 3451: 3432: 3419:10.2307/833077 3413:(1): 212–235. 3395: 3384:(2): 179–233. 3366: 3355:(3): 356–367. 3337: 3318: 3299: 3282: 3259: 3233: 3218: 3199: 3180: 3165: 3159: 3141: 3124: 3117: 3099: 3092: 3078:Sadie, Stanley 3058: 3035: 3012: 3005: 2989:Ertelt, Thomas 2979: 2958: 2943: 2930:10.2307/923814 2906: 2863: 2845: 2838: 2820: 2813: 2795: 2765: 2758: 2740: 2731: 2716:Sadie, Stanley 2706: 2691: 2684: 2666: 2659: 2630: 2621: 2614: 2596: 2589: 2571: 2554: 2513: 2506: 2488: 2481: 2463: 2456: 2432: 2410: 2403: 2382: 2345: 2321: 2306: 2299: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2265: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2235:Musical tuning 2232: 2223: 2221:Music of India 2218: 2209: 2203: 2194: 2188: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2166: 2160: 2151: 2138: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2084:Valeri Brainin 2081: 2075: 2069: 2066:Seppe Gebruers 2063: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2039: 2033: 2030:Alain Daniélou 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1955:Seppe Gebruers 1952: 1949:Sean Archibald 1946: 1940: 1937:Michael Waller 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1877:Paweł Mykietyn 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1823:Harold Fortuin 1820: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1799:François Paris 1796: 1793:William Susman 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1721:Pascal Dusapin 1718: 1712: 1709:Paul Dirmeikis 1706: 1703:Pascale Criton 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1649:Lasse Thoresen 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1613:Tristan Murail 1610: 1605: 1599: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1525:La Monte Young 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1422: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1370: 1367:Iannis Xenakis 1364: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1280:Mildred Couper 1277: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1252:Percy Grainger 1249: 1237: 1217: 1211: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1175: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1118: 1116: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1083:American band 1027:American band 990:Robert Johnson 976: 973: 952: 949: 848: 845: 767:L'isle joyeuse 744:Claude Debussy 711:Mildred Couper 563: 559: 558: 557: 556: 554: 551: 523:Claude Debussy 512:microtonalismo 479:микрохроматика 428:used the term 354: 351: 347:medieval music 335:Mikrotonalität 273:ancient Greece 261:Paul Griffiths 185:micro interval 181:Kleinintervall 177:Mikrointervall 166:micro-tonalité 162:microtonalismo 104: 100: 99: 98: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 39: 35: 34: 33: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7166: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7144:Microtonality 7142: 7141: 7139: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7094: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6966:Expressionism 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6943: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6716: 6712: 6705: 6700: 6698: 6693: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6583: 6578: 6576: 6571: 6569: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6489:Carnatic raga 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6458:Turkish makam 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6355:quarter-comma 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6231:Tonality flux 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6066: 6064: 6059: 6057: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6009: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5741: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5645:Elaine Walker 5643: 5641: 5640:Claude Vivier 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5615:Roger Redgate 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5595:Stu Mackenzie 5593: 5591: 5590:György Ligeti 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5490: 5488: 5483: 5481: 5476: 5475: 5472: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5207:Landman, Yuri 5204: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5149:0-300-06521-3 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5099:0-9533633-0-9 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5046:0-12-213564-4 5043: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5020:0-691-09129-3 5017: 5013: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4965: 4964:3-03910-088-2 4961: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4815: 4814:New Music Box 4811: 4804: 4801: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4775: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4717: 4713: 4706: 4703: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4646: 4641: 4639:0-7866-4285-8 4635: 4631: 4627: 4626:Ferguson, Jim 4621: 4618: 4614: 4612: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4535: 4530: 4523: 4520: 4508: 4504: 4501:(1989–1996). 4500: 4499:Carlos, Wendy 4494: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4456: 4453: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4423: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4358: 4355: 4350: 4343: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4325: 4322: 4317: 4315:0-306-80106-X 4311: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4300:Partch, Harry 4295: 4292: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4266: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4206: 4204:0-486-43406-0 4200: 4196: 4189: 4186: 4181: 4177: 4176:Tyrrell, John 4173: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4158:0-19-814975-1 4155: 4150: 4148:0-19-814897-6 4144: 4140: 4133: 4130: 4125: 4118: 4115: 4110: 4104: 4100: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4065: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4031:(2): 211–229. 4030: 4026: 4025: 4017: 4014: 4010:(7–8): 39–53. 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3953: 3948: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3916: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3891: 3888: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3764:966-00-0604-7 3760: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3562:5-8114-0516-2 3558: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3537: 3534: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3471: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3436: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3399: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3341: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3286: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3260: 3255: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3181: 3176: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3160:81-903818-0-6 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3118:0-521-66256-7 3114: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3095: 3093:1-56159-174-2 3089: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3074:Lindley, Mark 3071: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3046: 3039: 3036: 3023: 3016: 3013: 3008: 3006:3-534-01202-X 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2947: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2910: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2814:0-8108-1907-4 2810: 2806: 2799: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2784:Tyrrell, John 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2692: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2670: 2667: 2662: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2514: 2509: 2507:2-7010-1181-7 2503: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2482:2-7010-1011-X 2478: 2474: 2467: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2406: 2400: 2396: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2317: 2310: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2285: 2282: 2275: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2226:Musical scale 2224: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2198: 2197:Limit (music) 2195: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2174:Genus (music) 2172: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090:Jacques Dudon 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048:Carlton Gamer 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2012:Joseph Yasser 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967:Jacob Collier 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1883:Yitzhak Yedid 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865:Elaine Walker 1863: 1860: 1859:Trey Spruance 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1841:Jeffrey Ching 1839: 1836: 1835:Georges Lentz 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1775:Martin Smolka 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643:Greg Schiemer 1641: 1638: 1637:Dean Drummond 1635: 1632: 1631:Claude Vivier 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1596:Gérard Grisey 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569:Jukka Tiensuu 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559:Unity Capsule 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1537:Douglas Leedy 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477:Carlton Gamer 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1403:Pierre Boulez 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1391:Claude Ballif 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1378:Ramifications 1374: 1373:György Ligeti 1371: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1320:Maurice Ohana 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308:Eivind Groven 1306: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1270:Luigi Russolo 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1258:Edgard Varèse 1256: 1253: 1250: 1248:Op. 30, 1915) 1247: 1246: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1220:George Enescu 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1156: 1153: 1145: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1119:This section 1117: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1055:24-TET tuning 1052: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1039:Trey Spruance 1036: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 986: 982: 974: 972: 968: 966: 963:, such as in 962: 961:pitch bending 958: 950: 948: 946: 945:Aleksi Perälä 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926:Daniel Wilson 923: 918: 916: 912: 911: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 885: 879: 877: 873: 869: 868: 863: 862: 857: 853: 846: 844: 842: 837: 835: 834:Eivind Groven 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 808:Emil Berliner 805: 804: 799: 798: 793: 792: 787: 786: 781: 780: 775: 774: 769: 768: 762: 761: 760:Pour le piano 756: 755: 749: 745: 741: 736: 734: 730: 729:Royal Society 726: 722: 718: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 661: 656: 651: 650:in all keys. 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 614: 610: 608: 603: 599: 594: 590: 586: 585:Delphic Hymns 577: 552: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 527:Aaron Copland 524: 519: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 484:Yuri Kholopov 481: 480: 475: 471: 465: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 431: 427: 423: 421: 417: 416: 411: 407: 402: 397: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 367:gamelan music 365:; Indonesian 364: 360: 352: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 311: 308: 306: 305:Turkish music 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 257: 252: 248: 244: 240: 239: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 218: 214: 210: 209:microtonalité 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 169: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 146: 142: 138: 134: 126: 120: 114: 110: 107: 93: 88: 86: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 67:Microtonality 29: 22: 7099: 7061:Tone cluster 7016:Polytonality 6961:Experimental 6646: 6642:Rustle noise 6609: 6546:Lambda scale 6453:Arabic maqam 6410:Werckmeister 6241:Temperaments 6018:Other topics 6006: 5999: 5992: 5985: 5968: 5962:Compositions 5945: 5934:publications 5889:Concepts and 5774:Lambda scale 5715:Harry Partch 5710:Yuri Landman 5705:Lou Harrison 5690:Wendy Carlos 5685:Glenn Branca 5585:Ben Johnston 5580:Charles Ives 5540:Franklin Cox 5530:Heinz Bohlen 5375: 5354: 5345: 5333: 5324: 5318:14: 241–263. 5315: 5298: 5264:, edited by 5261: 5243: 5234: 5210: 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The 451:xenharmonic 447:xenharmonic 443:Ivor Darreg 327:W. McNaught 233:Aristoxenus 205:micro-tonal 109:accidentals 89:Terminology 7138:Categories 7056:Surrealism 7051:Stochastic 7041:Sound mass 6976:Microtonal 6948:techniques 6946:Genres and 6894:Stravinsky 6854:Skalkottas 6759:Schoenberg 6531:Beta scale 6509:Non-octave 6500:Tetrachord 6402:Kirnberger 6365:Schismatic 5932:Groups and 5891:techniques 5759:Beta scale 5610:Joe Maneri 5570:Alois Hába 5550:John Eaton 4603:28 October 4574:2022-12-01 4553:2022-12-01 4057:3 February 3196:: 201–209. 3051:2 February 3028:2 February 2973:inter alia 2276:References 2206:Microtuner 2135:3rd bridge 2122:(b. 1961) 2114:Marc Sabat 2042:Erv Wilson 2018:Alois Hába 1829:Marc Sabat 1697:James Wood 1471:Erv Wilson 1459:Joe Maneri 1385:Luigi Nono 1286:Alois Hába 1043:Mr. Bungle 1041:, also of 1034:Ishraqiyun 997:Jon Catler 985:rock music 815:Alois Hába 703:Alois Hába 492:Alois Haba 379:spirituals 353:Microtonal 315:Rudi Blesh 269:enharmonic 251:diaschisma 201:microtonal 21:microsound 7036:Serialism 6956:Atonality 6884:Prokofiev 6727:Composers 6521:A12 scale 6475:Octoechos 6440:Shí-èr-lǜ 6389:Irregular 6206:Otonality 6146:Microtone 5913:Sonido 13 5678:Inventors 5630:Ezra Sims 5508:Composers 5401:Anon. . " 4909:Iskusstv. 4685:Front Row 4512:March 28, 3935:. Paris: 3875:disserCat 3850:disserCat 3825:disserCat 3687:disserCat 2901:1559-5749 2565:Die Reihe 2527:Resonance 2268:Sonido 13 2116:(b. 1965) 2104:(b. 1960) 2098:(b. 1955) 2092:(b. 1951) 2086:(b. 1948) 2074:(b. 1936) 2068:(b. 1990) 2056:(b. 1932) 2050:(b. 1929) 1969:(b. 1994) 1963:(b. 1993) 1957:(b. 1990) 1945:(b. 1985) 1939:(b. 1985) 1933:(b. 1985) 1927:(b. 1984) 1921:(b. 1981) 1915:(b. 1977) 1909:(b. 1973) 1903:(b. 1973) 1897:(b. 1972) 1891:(b. 1971) 1885:(b. 1971) 1879:(b. 1971) 1867:(b. 1969) 1861:(b. 1969) 1849:(b. 1966) 1837:(b. 1965) 1825:(b. 1964) 1813:(b. 1961) 1801:(b. 1961) 1795:(b. 1960) 1789:(b. 1960) 1783:(b. 1959) 1777:(b. 1959) 1765:(b. 1959) 1759:(b. 1958) 1753:(b. 1958) 1747:(b. 1957) 1741:(b. 1956) 1729:(b. 1955) 1727:Kyle Gann 1717:(b. 1954) 1711:(b. 1954) 1699:(b. 1953) 1693:(b. 1953) 1687:(b. 1953) 1675:(b. 1952) 1663:(b. 1951) 1657:(b. 1949) 1651:(b. 1949) 1645:(b. 1949) 1627:(b. 1953) 1621:(b. 1948) 1604:(b. 1946) 1465:Ezra Sims 1429:Studie II 1142:July 2016 1016:Radiohead 1009:jazz rock 981:blue note 899:In 1986, 861:Studie II 457:composer 223:Ezra Sims 197:micro-ton 189:microtone 158:micro-ton 154:microtono 148:composer 94:Microtone 71:intervals 28:Microtome 7113:Category 7046:Spectral 6971:Futurism 6905:Americas 6889:Scriabin 6860:Hungary 6835:Germany 6819:Messiaen 6814:Koechlin 6790:Finland 6780:Czechia 6774:Pousseur 6770:Belgium 6740:Austria 6669:Waveform 6664:Tonality 6632:Overtone 6617:Loudness 6406:Vallotti 6359:septimal 6351:Meantone 6111:Interval 5908:Semitone 5460:Archived 5372:template 4917:. 1523. 4767:29 March 4716:AllMusic 4628:(1999). 4597:LilyPond 4302:(1979). 4254:(1885). 4240:: 19–23. 4178:(eds.). 3809:: 21–24. 3249:(eds.). 2856:(1946). 2786:(eds.). 2722:(eds.). 2641:(2014). 2523:A Propos 2128:See also 1440:Stimmung 1085:Dollshot 965:LilyPond 644:meantone 602:semitone 547:De Staat 500:tonality 455:Austrian 113:semitone 75:semitone 7098: ← 7026:Process 6915:Antheil 6880:Russia 6870:Poland 6850:Greece 6844:Strauss 6824:Milhaud 6809:Jolivet 6800:France 6794:Bergman 6495:Slendro 6445:Dastgah 6370:Miracle 6333:96-tone 6328:72-tone 6323:58-tone 6318:53-tone 6313:41-tone 6308:34-tone 6303:31-tone 6293:24-tone 6288:23-tone 6283:22-tone 6278:19-tone 6273:17-tone 6268:15-tone 6263:12-tone 6194:7-limit 6189:5-limit 5374:below ( 4819:May 15, 4793:4 April 4721:3 April 4695:21 July 4282:Bibcode 3080:(ed.). 2377:1412315 2180:Harmony 1565:, 1988) 1434:Gruppen 1089:Lalande 1011:music. 791:Pagodes 748:gamelan 553:History 474:ekmelic 247:schisma 207:), and 7123:Portal 6925:Cowell 6920:Carter 6864:Bartók 6829:Varèse 6764:Webern 6754:Mahler 6749:Krenek 6734:Europe 6648:Sawari 6611:Jivari 6589:Timbre 6463:Mugham 6449:Maqam 6343:Linear 6297:pieces 6258:6-tone 6179:Hexany 6106:Savart 5987:Mother 5736:scales 5625:Sevish 5391:Curlie 5377:Curlie 5305: 5276: 5167: 5147: 5130: 5097: 5089:2000. 5044: 5018: 4962: 4636: 4447:833578 4445: 4312: 4201: 4156: 4145: 4105: 4080: 3943: 3911: 3761: 3559: 3551:] 3526:] 3427:833077 3425: 3157: 3115: 3090: 3003: 2938:923814 2936: 2899: 2836: 2811: 2756: 2682: 2657: 2651:passim 2612: 2587: 2504: 2479: 2454: 2401: 2375: 2297: 2072:Tom Zé 800:, and 785:La mer 709:, and 593:genera 518:form. 449:; see 385:, and 277:octave 249:, and 238:diesis 183:) and 145:srutis 7001:Noise 6839:Reger 6804:Henry 6637:Pitch 6627:Noise 6480:Pelog 6468:Muqam 6414:Young 6375:Magic 6250:Equal 6184:Limit 6091:Pitch 5898:Limit 5224:" on 5188:' 4443:JSTOR 4404:[ 4002:[ 3983:[ 3964:[ 3903:[ 3782:[ 3753:[ 3734:[ 3712:[ 3667:[ 3644:[ 3625:[ 3602:[ 3579:[ 3553:(PDF) 3547:[ 3528:(PDF) 3522:[ 3501:[ 3482:[ 3463:[ 3444:[ 3423:JSTOR 3330:[ 3311:[ 3275:[ 3190:Melos 2934:JSTOR 2645:[ 2373:JSTOR 2318:: 44. 2259:Scala 2149:maqam 1446:Licht 1361:] 1245:Myths 1225:Œdipe 1021:Kid A 894:19-ET 890:15-ET 662:] 598:cents 508:tonic 466:] 383:blues 363:śruti 289:sruti 243:comma 125:sharp 6930:Ives 6784:Hába 6744:Berg 6485:Raga 6096:Cent 5303:ISBN 5274:ISBN 5165:ISBN 5145:ISBN 5128:ISBN 5095:ISBN 5042:ISBN 5016:ISBN 4960:ISBN 4821:2018 4795:2021 4769:2017 4723:2013 4697:2014 4634:ISBN 4605:2020 4514:2009 4310:ISBN 4199:ISBN 4154:ISBN 4143:ISBN 4103:ISBN 4078:ISBN 4059:2016 3941:ISBN 3909:ISBN 3882:2020 3857:2020 3832:2020 3759:ISBN 3557:ISBN 3155:ISBN 3113:ISBN 3088:ISBN 3053:2016 3030:2016 3001:ISBN 2897:ISSN 2834:ISBN 2809:ISBN 2754:ISBN 2680:ISBN 2655:ISBN 2610:ISBN 2585:ISBN 2529:)". 2502:ISBN 2477:ISBN 2452:ISBN 2399:ISBN 2295:ISBN 2253:Raga 2147:and 1437:and 1415:and 1208:here 1204:here 1078:L.W. 1063:and 957:MIDI 955:The 892:and 387:jazz 303:and 215:and 203:(or 187:(or 179:(or 160:and 119:flat 5431:. 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