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568:. At the end of January 1810 he was ordered to move to Portugal in order to communicate Wellington the difficult military situation in that they were against the French. During this stay a friendship between Wellington and Alava was created, to the point that the Duke had him remain as delegate of the Spanish forces in the British units. He was promoted to
649:, and the negotiations resulted in the restoration of Ferdinand, who pledged himself to a liberal policy. No sooner had the King regained power, however, than he ceased to hold himself bound by his promises, and Álava found it necessary to retire first to Gibraltar and then to England. There, he was given a house on the Duke of Wellington's
624:
in 1815. As a result of this, he was present at the Battle of
Waterloo with Wellington's staff. Álava stuck close to the Duke during the Battle. Like Wellington, and unlike many of his staff, Álava survived the battle without sustaining any wound although Wellington and his staff were in the thick of
427:
Embarked with his uncle
Ignacio in 1795 on an expedition that sought to travel around the world, he remained in South America until 1800. Álava returned to Spain following orders he had received three years earlier, but was captured by the English. He was released several months later, and in 1801 he
711:
Both the relationships established with high-ranking military personnel during the
Peninsular War and his diplomatic work as ambassador in London and Paris gave Álava access to a wide network of prominent contacts that, in some cases, went beyond the strictly professional sphere.
727:, wrote to him about her daughter's future wedding and other family concerns. Nonetheless, it was the Duke of Wellington who was probably Álava's greatest admirer and friend, who gained the Iron Duke's trust when he served as his
637:, he was chosen by the province of Álava to represent it in the Cortes, where he became conspicuous in the party of the Exaltados, and in 1822 was made President. In the latter year, he fought with the militia under
723:, with whom he fought during the Napoleonic campaigns, congratulated him on his impending marriage and asked him, in a relaxed tone, to invite him to the ceremony, which Álava happily did. The French queen consort,
625:
the action, with the Duke declaring to Alava: "The hand of
Almighty God has been upon me this day". Álava is presumed to have been the only man on the Coalition side who was present at both Waterloo and Trafalgar.
620:, Álava was cast into prison, but the influence of his uncle Ethenard, the Inquisitor, and of Wellington secured his speedy release. He soon contrived to gain the favour of the King, who appointed him ambassador to
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was also present at both battles, and
Bernard Cornwell has pointed out that at least one battalion of French soldiers present at Waterloo had served as marines at Trafalgar.
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in 1817. He married his cousin María Loreto de
Arriola y Equível, a grandchild of the Marquesses of Legarda, in 1813. Between 1781 and 1790 he completed his studies at the
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After his time in the infantry, and coinciding with the end of his studies, he entered the Navy in 1790, possibly attracted by the distinguished figure of his uncle,
336:, who regarded him with great favour, made him one of his aides-de-camp. Before the close of the campaign, he had risen to the rank of brigadier-general. During the
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Born into a noble family of naval tradition, he was the son of Pedro
Jacinto de Álava y Navarrete and María Manuela de Esquível y Peralta. His uncle was
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to maintain the authority of the Cortes against the rebels. When the French invested Cádiz, Álava was commissioned by the Cortes to treat with the
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412:. He joined different ships from which he participated in multiple military actions by the Spanish navy against France and England: in
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1207:
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661:: "This is my friend, and as long as I have any money with your house, let him have it to any amount he thinks proper to draw for".
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The novelist
Ildefonso Arenas wrote a historical novel about the intervention of General Álava as Wellington's aide-de-camp in the
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and in Italy, which, together with his well-connected family, allowed him to rapidly escalate. In 1794, he was already a
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A Sketch of the Life of
Georgiana, Lady de Ros: With Some Reminiscences of her friends, including the Duke of Wellington
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691:, declaring himself tired of taking new oaths, and was consequently obliged to retire to France, where he died at
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and two statues, at the
Diputación Foral de Álava and Museum of the Armoury, all of them in Vitoria, Spain.
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There are currently three monuments dedicated to him, namely the Monument to the Battle of Vitoria in
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2020:
2015:
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756:, and his name is often met both in lives of the Duke of Wellington and in his correspondence.
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in 1808, Álava joined the national independence party, who were fighting in alliance with the
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in 1808, he was one of the most prominent of those who accepted the new constitution from
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as King of Spain. After the national rising against French aggression, and the defeat of
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592:. For his service in the Peninsula he was made an honorary Knight Commander of the
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259:
33:
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324:
during the time of Spain's alliance with France but switched sides in 1808 when
81:
17:
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692:
672:
was appointed ambassador to London in 1834, and to Paris in 1835. Proposed as
448:
440:
294:
181:
3673:
743:
664:
On the death of Ferdinand, he returned to Spain, and espousing the cause of
650:
621:
569:
340:
in 1815, Alava was the Spanish ambassador to The Hague at the court of King
3306:
397:
In 1785, at age 13, he entered the Infantry Regiment of Seville n. 11 as a
379:, an institution dedicated to the education of sons of noblemen run by the
435:
On his return to Cádiz in 1805, he was assigned to the fleet commanded by
401:, led at the time by his other uncle, José de Álava, reaching the rank of
317:, fighting against the British at the former and with them at the latter.
2752:
572:
by express recommendation of Wellington. He saw action in the battles of
504:
444:
429:
325:
164:
1014:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 487.
549:
484:
37:
707:
Bronze sculpture of Álava at Diputación Foral de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
309:, in 1770. Álava holds the distinction of having been present at both
1334:
658:
3341:
1065:
995:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
931:
Waterloo: The History of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles
702:
603:
513:
413:
398:
385:
3310:
1069:
332:) at the British Army Headquarters, and Wellesley, the future
471:. After the fateful combat, he would be promoted once again.
328:
invaded Spain. The Spanish Cortes appointed him commissary (
487:
when he transferred into the army, receiving corresponding
4154:
Politicians from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
797:
795:
856:
The dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington...
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
779:
Christopher Summerville mentions that the French General
676:
in September 1835, he rejected his nomination. After the
608:
Equestrian statue of the General in the Monument to the
293:(7 July 1770 – 14 July 1843) was a Spanish General and
749:
Frequent and honourable mention of Álava is made in
479:Álava served first in the Navy, and had risen to be
4184:
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
4036:
3995:
3911:
3768:
3646:
3359:
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3111:
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2861:
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2734:
2614:
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2100:
2054:
1803:
1697:
1621:
1515:
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1268:
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1160:
432:, where he was promoted to lieutenant of the ship.
203:
193:
188:
171:
154:
149:
133:
121:
111:
93:
53:
954:Who was who at Waterloo: A Biography of the Battle
3265:England expects that every man will do his duty
455:skirmish. On 21 October he participated in the
44: and the second or maternal family name is
107:14 September 1835 – 25 September 1835
3322:
1081:
428:was back in Spain. In 1802, he was posted to
8:
588:, as well as taking part in the storming of
4149:Members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
899:
887:
801:
381:Real Sociedad Bascongada de Amigos del País
4179:Ambassadors of Spain to the United Kingdom
3329:
3315:
3307:
2738:
1378:
1166:
1088:
1074:
1066:
1018:
539:in his chest, is the second from the right
348:and to be at Wellington's side during the
74:
50:
4169:Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
911:
842:
813:
791:
772:
459:under the orders of Gravina aboard the
1411:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
928:Cornwell, Bernard (23 February 2015),
465:while his uncle Ignacio captained the
4129:Progressive Party (Spain) politicians
3093:Spanish American wars of independence
731:during the fight against the French.
7:
948:Summerville, Christopher J. (2007),
3078:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1060:14 September 1835 – 4 October 1835
1041:14 September 1835 – 4 October 1835
447:as a diversionary maneuver for the
364:, renowned officer who became the
344:, which allowed him to attend the
283:Miguel Ricardo de Álava y Esquivel
25:
3350:Acting prime ministers shown in
2953:Frederick William III of Prussia
2933:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
988:
877:. 10 October 1815. p. 2065.
3073:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3003:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
566:British forces in the peninsula
4174:Ambassadors of Spain to France
2988:Prince Regent John of Portugal
2898:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
2843:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
2838:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
392:Museo de Bellas Artes de Álava
1:
4144:Government ministers of Spain
3013:Prince Charles John of Sweden
754:History of the Peninsular War
717:William II of the Netherlands
1006:Álava, Don Miguel Ricardo de
689:Spanish Constitution of 1837
342:William I of the Netherlands
301:in 1835. He was born in the
36:, the first or paternal
4119:People from Vitoria-Gasteiz
970:Swinton, Georgiana (1893),
657:and introduced to his bank
633:On the breaking out of the
390:Portrait of General Álava,
366:Captain general of the Navy
27:Spanish general (1770–1843)
4200:
4139:Foreign ministers of Spain
2848:Frederick I of Württemberg
1218:Confederation of the Rhine
531:leads his generals at the
475:War of the Third Coalition
439:. After the expedition to
346:Duchess of Richmond's ball
212:War of the Third Coalition
31:
4124:Spanish untitled nobility
3348:
3008:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
2998:William, Prince of Orange
2808:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
1137:French Invasion of Russia
1103:
1053:
1043:
1034:
1026:
1021:
956:, Longman, pp. 4–5,
761:Plaza de la Virgen Blanca
715:Thus, in September 1813,
678:insurrection of La Granja
276:
145:
100:
89:
73:
4134:Prime ministers of Spain
2918:Archduke John of Austria
2913:Prince von Schwarzenberg
2758:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
934:, Lulu.com, p. 42,
320:Alava served as a naval
2853:Frederick VI of Denmark
2803:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
1593:Greater Poland uprising
1416:Duc d'Enghien Execution
1047:Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
1037:Prime Minister of Spain
1011:Encyclopædia Britannica
687:he refused to sign the
629:Politician and diplomat
586:Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
451:, he intervened in the
299:Prime Minister of Spain
237:Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo
140:Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
95:Prime Minister of Spain
60:Miguel Ricardo de Álava
2973:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1421:Coronation of Napoleon
708:
616:On the restoration of
613:
612:(1813), Vitoria, Spain
540:
520:The Battle of Waterloo
507:of his uncle, Admiral
491:. He was present as a
410:Ignacio Maria de Álava
394:
362:Ignacio María de Álava
3260:Conference of Dresden
3169:Paris (February 1812)
3098:Swedish–Norwegian War
2923:Alexander I of Russia
706:
639:Francisco Ballesteros
607:
517:
499:on board the 112-gun
389:
3821:Fernández-Villaverde
3648:Democratic Sexennium
3214:Fontainebleau (1814)
2768:Louis-Nicolas Davout
1689:Invasion of Portugal
976:, London: John Murry
462:Príncipe de Asturias
3375:Martínez de la Rosa
3240:Bourbon Restoration
2983:Maria I of Portugal
2968:Prince of Hohenlohe
2958:Gebhard von Blücher
1901:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
1208:Swiss Confederation
1030:The Count of Toreno
854:Wellesley, Arthur.
816:, pp. 124–132.
548:At the assembly of
525:Jan Willem Pieneman
497:Battle of Trafalgar
457:Battle of Trafalgar
247:Battle of Salamanca
218:Battle of Trafalgar
128:The Count of Toreno
3997:Spain under Franco
3390:Álvarez Mendizábal
3255:Continental System
3250:Congress of Erfurt
3174:Paris (March 1812)
2948:Peter Wittgenstein
2873:Duke of Wellington
2828:Prince Poniatowski
2793:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
2778:Auguste de Marmont
2173:Arroyo dos Molinos
2021:Walcheren Campaign
2011:Armistice of Znaim
1906:Dalmatian Campaign
1831:Tyrolean Rebellion
1022:Political offices
874:The London Gazette
736:Battle of Waterloo
709:
635:revolution of 1820
614:
541:
535:. Álava, with the
533:Battle of Waterloo
529:Duke of Wellington
422:frigate lieutenant
395:
350:Battle of Waterloo
334:Duke of Wellington
266:Battle of Waterloo
56:The Most Excellent
4164:Spanish diplomats
4096:
4095:
4022:Fernández-Miranda
3361:Queen Isabella II
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3292:Types of military
3088:Russo-Turkish War
3083:Russo-Persian War
3051:Anglo-Turkish War
3046:Anglo-Swedish War
3041:Anglo-Spanish War
3036:Anglo-Russian War
2963:Duke of Brunswick
2866:political leaders
2746:political leaders
2730:
2729:
1735:Medina de Rioseco
1457:Haslach-Jungingen
1391:French Revolution
1368:
1367:
1151:Seventh Coalition
1064:
1063:
1056:Minister of State
1044:Succeeded by
963:978-0-582-78405-5
941:978-1-312-92522-9
740:Álava en Waterloo
610:Battle of Vitoria
594:Order of the Bath
537:Order of Santiago
403:second lieutenant
338:Waterloo Campaign
280:
279:
252:Battle of Vitoria
232:Battle of Bussaco
198:Brigadier General
16:(Redirected from
4191:
4159:Spanish generals
4004:
4003:
3920:
3919:
3777:
3776:
3655:
3654:
3368:
3367:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3308:
3068:Dano-Swedish War
3056:Anglo-Danish War
2908:Archduke Charles
2823:Jérôme Bonaparte
2739:
2672:Castel di Sangro
2581:Fère-Champenoise
2234:García Hernández
2148:Fuentes de Oñoro
1664:Guttstadt-Deppen
1401:Second Coalition
1379:
1360:French Royalists
1167:
1116:Fourth Coalition
1090:
1083:
1076:
1067:
1027:Preceded by
1019:
1015:
994:
992:
991:
977:
966:
944:
915:
909:
903:
900:Summerville 2007
897:
891:
888:Summerville 2007
885:
879:
878:
865:
859:
852:
846:
840:
817:
811:
805:
802:Summerville 2007
799:
784:
777:
721:Prince of Orange
686:
554:Joseph Bonaparte
503:, which was the
378:
370:Vergara Seminary
330:military attaché
292:
242:Siege of Badajoz
189:Military service
178:
150:Personal details
136:
124:
105:
78:
51:
21:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4032:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3972:Martínez Barrio
3942:Martínez Barrio
3917:
3916:
3915:
3913:Second Republic
3907:
3893:Primo de Rivera
3876:Sánchez de Toca
3841:López Domínguez
3794:Martínez Campos
3774:
3773:
3772:
3770:The Restoration
3764:
3755:Sierra Bullones
3652:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3434:Pérez de Castro
3417:Heredia-Spínola
3365:
3364:
3363:
3355:
3344:
3338:Prime ministers
3335:
3305:
3296:
3223:
3107:
3028:
3022:
2978:Miguel de Álava
2943:Pyotr Bagration
2938:Count Bennigsen
2928:Mikhail Kutuzov
2893:Thomas Cochrane
2865:
2863:
2857:
2818:Louis Bonaparte
2745:
2743:
2742:French and ally
2726:
2610:
2526:Château-Thierry
2489:
2353:
2324:Maloyaroslavets
2182:
2096:
2050:
1841:Yevenes/Yébenes
1799:
1715:Rosily Squadron
1693:
1617:
1583:Waren-Nossentin
1511:
1442:Cape Finisterre
1425:
1396:First Coalition
1374:
1364:
1271:
1264:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1144:Sixth Coalition
1130:Fifth Coalition
1109:Third Coalition
1099:
1097:Napoleonic Wars
1094:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1032:
1004:, ed. (1911). "
1000:
989:
987:
969:
964:
947:
942:
927:
924:
919:
918:
910:
906:
898:
894:
890:, pp. 4–5.
886:
882:
867:
866:
862:
853:
849:
841:
820:
812:
808:
800:
793:
788:
787:
778:
774:
769:
742:, published in
701:
680:
666:Maria Christina
655:Stratfield Saye
647:Duc d'Angoulême
631:
602:
546:
477:
443:, conceived by
437:Admiral Gravina
418:Siege of Toulon
372:
358:
307:Vitoria-Gasteiz
285:
272:
180:
176:
161:Vitoria-Gasteiz
159:
134:
122:
106:
101:
85:
69:
61:
58:
49:
28:
23:
22:
18:Miguel de Álava
15:
12:
11:
5:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4018:
4016:Carrero Blanco
4013:
4007:
4005:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:Sánchez-Guerra
3885:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3846:Vega de Armijo
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3658:
3656:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3633:González Bravo
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3496:González Bravo
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:Longwood House
3284:
3283:
3282:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2993:Count of Feira
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Horatio Nelson
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Marshal Victor
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Arcis-sur-Aube
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:Venta del Pozo
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:Ciudad Rodrigo
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Ciudad Rodrigo
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2046:Alba de Tormes
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Aspern-Essling
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Jena–Auerstedt
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Ottoman Empire
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:United Kingdom
1276:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:Ottoman Empire
1247:
1245:Denmark–Norway
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1188:Polish Legions
1185:
1179:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1123:Peninsular War
1119:
1112:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1002:Chisholm, Hugh
979:
978:
967:
962:
945:
940:
923:
920:
917:
916:
904:
892:
880:
860:
847:
845:, p. 478.
818:
806:
790:
789:
786:
785:
781:Antoine Drouot
771:
770:
768:
765:
719:, at the time
700:
697:
674:Prime Minister
630:
627:
601:
598:
558:General Dupont
545:
544:Peninsular War
542:
476:
473:
357:
354:
303:Basque Country
297:who served as
278:
277:
274:
273:
271:
270:
269:
268:
256:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
226:Peninsular War
222:
221:
220:
207:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
179:(aged 73)
173:
169:
168:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
98:
97:
91:
90:
87:
86:
79:
71:
70:
62:
59:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4196:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Alcalá-Zamora
3925:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3903:Aznar-Cabañas
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:García Prieto
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Ruiz Zorrilla
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:Ruiz Zorrilla
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Bravo Murillo
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:García Goyena
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Gómez Becerra
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:Miscellaneous
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:Manuel Lapeña
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Prince Eugène
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:André Masséna
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Joachim Murat
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:Rocheserviere
2705:
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1199:
1196:
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1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:client states
1168:
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1013:
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1007:
1003:
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997:public domain
986:
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975:
974:
968:
965:
959:
955:
951:
946:
943:
937:
933:
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926:
925:
921:
914:, p. 42.
913:
912:Cornwell 2015
908:
905:
901:
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893:
889:
884:
881:
876:
875:
870:
864:
861:
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848:
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843:Chisholm 1911
839:
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823:
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660:
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652:
648:
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643:Pablo Morillo
640:
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623:
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583:
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559:
555:
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543:
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521:
516:
512:
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509:Ignacio Álava
506:
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83:
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72:
68:
65:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
4063:Calvo-Sotelo
4050:
4020:
3880:
3808:
3717:
3705:
3678:
3661:
3525:
3448:
3426:
3399:
3384:
3351:
3275:Grande Armée
3235:Bibliography
3219:Paris (1815)
3179:Paris (1814)
3164:Paris (1810)
3144:Finckenstein
3119:Campo Formio
2977:
2878:Rowland Hill
2864:military and
2744:military and
2717:Rocquencourt
2586:Saint-Dizier
2556:Bar-sur-Aube
2511:Mincio River
2006:Schöngrabern
1785:2nd Zaragoza
1725:1st Zaragoza
1679:Stralsund II
1528:Campo Tenese
1502:Schöngrabern
1487:Cape Ortegal
1437:Diamond Rock
1315:Papal States
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1054:
1035:
1009:
981:
980:
972:
953:
930:
907:
902:, p. 5.
895:
883:
872:
863:
858:: Volume 10.
855:
850:
814:Swinton 1893
809:
804:, p. 4.
775:
758:
753:
748:
739:
733:
729:aide-de-camp
725:María Amalia
714:
710:
663:
632:
615:
600:Hundred Days
547:
527:, 1824. The
518:
478:
466:
460:
434:
426:
407:
396:
359:
322:aide-de-camp
319:
282:
281:
260:Hundred Days
258:
224:
210:
204:Battles/wars
177:(1843-07-14)
175:14 July 1843
135:Succeeded by
102:
80:Portrait by
45:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
4114:1843 deaths
4109:1770 births
4068:F. González
4002:(1936–1975)
3952:Chapaprieta
3918:(1931–1939)
3775:(1874–1931)
3719:Mendigorría
3653:(1868–1874)
3568:Mendigorría
3481:J. M. López
3471:A. González
3439:A. González
3366:(1833–1868)
3103:War of 1812
3061:Gunboat War
3018:Louis XVIII
2773:Jean Lannes
2687:Quatre Bras
2677:San Germano
2627:Occhiobello
2516:Champaubert
2506:La Rothière
2430:San Marcial
2314:2nd Polotsk
2279:1st Polotsk
2264:Majadahonda
2204:Villagarcia
2133:Campo Maior
1921:Piave River
1846:Ciudad Real
1836:Villafranca
1705:Dos de Mayo
1654:Stralsund I
1406:18 Brumaire
1340:Netherlands
1238:Württemberg
982:Attribution
869:"No. 17069"
681: [
584:and at the
373: [
158:7 July 1770
123:Preceded by
116:Isabella II
82:George Dawe
4103:Categories
4038:Since 1975
3506:Miraflores
3245:Casualties
3159:Schönbrunn
3134:Artlenburg
2883:John Moore
2788:Michel Ney
2657:Scapezzano
2647:Cesenatico
2591:Montmartre
2521:Montmirail
2455:Wartenburg
2410:Großbeeren
2269:Gorodechno
2259:Klyastitsy
2239:Saltanovka
2128:Casal Novo
2001:Hollabrunn
1986:Korneuburg
1780:Somosierra
1684:Copenhagen
1507:Austerlitz
1497:Dürenstein
1233:Westphalia
1176:and allies
922:References
670:Don Carlos
453:Finisterre
449:Royal Navy
441:Martinique
356:Early life
3898:Berenguer
3861:Romanones
3851:Canalejas
3810:Azcárraga
3623:O'Donnell
3603:O'Donnell
3583:O'Donnell
3578:Espartero
3563:Sartorius
3527:Salamanca
3516:Sotomayor
3461:Espartero
3407:Espartero
3401:Calatrava
3209:Casalanza
3184:Tauroggen
3139:Pressburg
3124:Lunéville
3029:conflicts
2862:Coalition
2712:La Suffel
2662:Tolentino
2546:Montereau
2531:Vauchamps
2480:Bornhöved
2435:Dennewitz
2380:Tarragona
2329:Chashniki
2229:Salamanca
2153:Tarragona
2077:Barquilla
2031:Almonacid
1991:Stockerau
1961:Stralsund
1931:2nd Porto
1911:Ebelsberg
1881:Abensberg
1851:1st Porto
1811:Castellón
1795:Benavente
1760:Valmaseda
1674:Friedland
1669:Heilsberg
1639:Ostrołęka
1629:Mohrungen
1563:Magdeburg
1492:Amstetten
1477:Trafalgar
1462:Elchingen
1447:Wertingen
1345:Brunswick
1270:Coalition
746:in 2012.
744:Barcelona
695:in 1843.
651:Hampshire
622:The Hague
618:Ferdinand
574:Salamanca
570:Brigadier
501:Santa Ana
468:Santa Ana
405:in 1787.
311:Trafalgar
295:statesman
103:In office
4078:Zapatero
4052:Santiago
3882:Bugallal
3789:Jovellar
3745:Castelar
3740:Salmerón
3730:Figueras
3696:Malcampo
3608:Arrazola
3558:Lersundi
3450:Cortázar
3280:Uniforms
3194:Chaumont
3112:Treaties
2813:Joseph I
2753:Napoleon
2697:Waterloo
2637:Casaglia
2601:Toulouse
2485:Sehested
2460:Bidassoa
2440:2nd Kulm
2425:1st Kulm
2415:Katzbach
2405:Sorauren
2400:Pyrenees
2365:Castalla
2349:Berezina
2339:Smoliani
2309:Tarutino
2294:Borodino
2284:Valutino
2274:Smolensk
2244:Ostrovno
2214:Maguilla
2178:Valencia
2168:Saguntum
2016:Talavera
1896:Ratisbon
1886:Landshut
1861:Bergisel
1856:Medellín
1770:Espinosa
1730:Valencia
1603:Czarnowo
1573:Pasewalk
1568:Prenzlau
1543:Saalfeld
1482:Caldiero
1452:Günzburg
1330:Sardinia
1305:Portugal
751:Napier's
668:against
505:flagship
445:Napoleon
326:Napoleon
315:Waterloo
184:, France
46:Esquivel
32:In this
4088:Sánchez
3967:Casares
3957:Portela
3937:Lerroux
3831:Montero
3816:Silvela
3799:Sagasta
3784:Cánovas
3760:Sagasta
3750:Serrano
3713:Serrano
3701:Sagasta
3686:Serrano
3669:Serrano
3628:Narváez
3618:Narváez
3598:Istúriz
3588:Narváez
3553:Roncali
3543:Clonard
3538:Narváez
3521:Pacheco
3511:Narváez
3501:Narváez
3491:Olózaga
3412:Bardají
3395:Istúriz
3352:italics
3027:Related
2606:Bayonne
2571:Craonne
2541:Mormant
2501:Brienne
2475:Nivelle
2465:Leipzig
2420:Dresden
2390:Vitoria
2375:Bautzen
2344:Krasnoi
2289:Mesoten
2249:Vitebsk
2209:Almaraz
2199:Badajoz
2158:Albuera
2143:Almeida
2138:Sabugal
2123:Redinha
2113:Barrosa
2092:Bussaco
2087:Almeida
2067:Astorga
2036:Tamames
1996:Gefrees
1951:Alcañiz
1891:Eckmühl
1821:Corunna
1790:Sahagún
1755:Zornoza
1750:Vimeiro
1720:Cabezón
1644:Kolberg
1613:Pułtusk
1608:Golymin
1598:Hamelin
1578:Stettin
1538:Schleiz
1383:Prelude
1375:battles
1350:Hanover
1295:Prussia
1285:Austria
1223:Bavaria
1203:Etruria
1198:Holland
1170:France,
1163:gerents
999::
950:"Alava"
693:Barèges
653:estate
590:Badajoz
582:Bussaco
578:Vitoria
550:Bayonne
495:at the
485:frigate
481:captain
182:Barèges
167:, Spain
112:Monarch
38:surname
4058:Suárez
4011:Franco
3987:Negrín
3962:Barcía
3947:Samper
3804:Posada
3707:Topete
3680:Topete
3638:Havana
3593:Armero
3466:Ferrer
3456:Sancho
3444:Ferraz
3380:Toreno
3204:Mantua
3154:Cintra
3149:Tilsit
3129:Amiens
2667:Ancona
2652:Pesaro
2622:Panaro
2551:Orthez
2536:Garris
2450:Roßlau
2445:Göhrde
2385:Luckau
2370:Lützen
2334:Vyazma
2304:Burgos
2299:Moscow
2254:Kobryn
2163:Usagre
2118:Pombal
2108:Gebora
1981:Wagram
1941:Tarvis
1916:Girona
1876:Raszyn
1866:Sacile
1775:Tudela
1765:Burgos
1745:Roliça
1740:Bailén
1659:Mileto
1649:Danzig
1588:Lübeck
1553:Erfurt
1472:Verona
1355:Nassau
1335:Sweden
1325:Persia
1310:Sicily
1290:Russia
1272:forces
1255:Persia
1228:Saxony
1213:Naples
1183:France
1161:Belli-
993:
960:
938:
699:Legacy
659:Coutts
562:Bailen
493:Marine
416:, the
84:, 1818
4083:Rajoy
4073:Aznar
4046:Arias
4028:Arias
3982:Largo
3977:Giral
3932:Azaña
3871:Maura
3836:Moret
3826:Maura
3663:Madoz
3573:Rivas
3476:Rodil
3428:Alaix
3422:Frías
3385:Álava
3342:Spain
3270:Films
2702:Wavre
2692:Ligny
2682:Gaeta
2642:Ronco
2632:Carpi
2596:Paris
2566:Reims
2470:Hanau
2062:Cádiz
2041:Ocaña
2026:Ölper
1971:María
1936:Wörgl
1926:Grijó
1826:Valls
1816:Uclés
1710:Bruch
1634:Eylau
1558:Halle
1533:Maida
1523:Gaeta
1373:Major
1300:Spain
1260:Spain
1193:Italy
767:Notes
685:]
483:of a
430:Cádiz
414:Ceuta
399:cadet
377:]
305:, at
165:Álava
42:Álava
3866:Dato
3674:Prim
3199:Kiel
3189:Ried
2735:Info
2722:Issy
2615:1815
2561:Laon
2494:1814
2358:1813
2224:Ekau
2187:1812
2101:1811
2055:1810
1976:Graz
1966:Raab
1804:1809
1698:1808
1622:1807
1516:1806
1430:1805
958:ISBN
936:ISBN
641:and
489:rank
313:and
194:Rank
172:Died
155:Born
3613:Mon
3340:of
2219:Mir
2082:Côa
1467:Ulm
1008:".
560:at
523:by
290:MWO
287:KCB
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64:KCB
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871:.
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794:^
738:,
683:es
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