41:
25:
210:
After Hipólito's death, Mika was given his revolver. She briefly considered committing suicide but decided instead to continue fighting for the revolution. She was eventually elected as the head of her fighting division despite the skeptical attitude of some of her male co-fighters. She fought in the
33:
281:, a 66-year-old Mika distributed white gloves to student protesters, so they could easily dig out and use the cobblestones of the streets of Paris to build barricades, without having to fear policemen, who would arrest students with dirt-covered hands.
211:
siege of
Siguenza and escaped from the cathedral before it was overtaken by the fascists. By the end of 1936, she joined another military brigade stationed in Madrid, which was violently decimated. She thus became captain of the 14th division of the
625:
Cynthia Gabbay, “El onceavo mandamiento: memoria del fuego en la literatura judía y feminista de la guerra civil española”, (Eds.) Emmanuel Kahan, Ariel Raber, y Wanda
Wechsler (NEJ, IDES),
251:. On March 28 1939, once Madrid had been defeated by the troops of Franco, she was able to take refuge in the city's French school, thanks to her passport, before leaving Spain for Paris.
106:
in Moisés Ville, before moving to
Rosario, where he opened a small restaurant. As a child, Mika allegedly heard many stories about Russian revolutionary fighters escaping tsarist prisons.
544:
445:
639:
Cynthia Gabbay, “Babilonia y
Revolución en España: Prácticas de escritura cosmopolita de una miliciana/ Mika Feldman Etchebehere”, (Eds.) Julia Kölbl, Iryna Orlova et Michaela Wolf,
716:
634:
557:
484:
746:
180:, before going to France. In October 1932, Mika was in Berlin to witness Adolf Hitler's rise to power, which she described as "a tragedy for the German proletariat".
102:, a small colony founded in 1889 in the province of Santa Fe, in Argentina, by Russian and Eastern-European Jews fleeing persecutions and pogroms. Her father taught
230:
by stalinist communist agents. Having been jailed in Madrid, she was liberated thanks to
Cipriano Mera's direct intervention. Once liberated, she joined the
761:
736:
200:
756:
711:
355:
244:
635:
http://mozaika.es/magazine/en/el-onceavo-mandamiento-memoria-del-fuego-en-la-literatura-judia-y-feminista-de-la-guerra-civil-espanola-3/
721:
17:
333:
726:
162:
701:
696:
291:("My own Spanish Civil War"), a day-by-day description of life on the front line and in the minds of Republican fighters.
512:
Mika Etchebéhère, "Ma guerre d'Espagne à moi: une femme à la tête d'une colonne au combat", Libertalia, 2021. (in French)
751:
294:
Mika died on July 7, 1992, in Paris. In accordance with her last wishes, her ashes were spread out in the waters of the
140:
509:«Elsa Osorio rescata del olvido a "la Capitana", una Argentina en la Guerra Civil española». Europa Press. (in Spanish)
706:
589:
Gabbay, Cynthia (2020). "(Jewish) Women's
Narratives of Caring and Medical Practices During the Spanish Civil War".
132:, she met her partner-to-be, Hipólito Etchebéhère, then a member of an anarcho-communist group called "Insurrexit".
691:
553:
Ma Guerre d’Espagne à moi de Mika Etchebéhère : « Pour une révolution, c’est une révolution ! »
481:
Ma Guerre d’Espagne à moi de Mika Etchebéhère : « Pour une révolution, c’est une révolution ! »
219:. During this time she participated in the creation of libraries and schools for the soldiers on the front lines.
129:
529:, traduit de l'espagnol par François Gaudry, Éditions Métailié, collection Bibliothèque Hispano-américaine, 2012,
143:, before quickly being expelled in 1925 for their anarchist tendencies, and their refusal to unilaterally condemn
460:
196:
653:
578:
Cynthia Gabbay, "Identidad, género y prácticas anarquistas en las memorias de
Micaela Feldman y Etchebéhère",
540:
Ma sœur, mon capitaine. Les souvenirs de Mika Etchebéhère, chef de brigade du POUM pendant la guerre d'Espagne
438:
Ma sœur, mon capitaine. Les souvenirs de Mika Etchebéhère, chef de brigade du POUM pendant la guerre d'Espagne
410:
203:(POUM). Hipólito became the commander of his division. On August 16, 1936, he was shot and killed during the
165:
in order to gather the stories of first-hand witnesses of the massacre perpetrated in the early 1920s by the
741:
731:
441:
212:
177:
150:
In 1926, she took part in the creation of a
Workers' Communist Party, which started publishing a newspaper,
113:
organization. Along with Eva Vives, Joan Pauna and other fellow activists, she created a group named after
500:«Mika, la mujer capitana en la Guerra Civil Española era de Moisés Ville». Diario La Opinión. (in Spanish)
311:
204:
176:
In 1930, Mika and her partner sailed to Europe. First, in June, they spent time in the freshly founded
433:
258:, fearing the rising danger of antisemitism, she left Europe and went back to her family in Argentina
240:. She fought on the front line until June 1938. After that date, women were sent away from the front.
686:
681:
183:
In 1934, as she had returned to Paris, she and Hipólito took part in creating yet another newspaper,
531:
665:
397:
606:
583:
136:
243:
She then gave alphabetization classes and popular education in Madrid, in a hospital run by the
659:
32:
351:
337:
329:
315:
170:
158:, anti-bolchevik group were thus called "Chispistas". The group eventually disbanded in 1929.
79:
60:
598:
284:
Mika also took part in numerous protests against right-wing dictatorships in South
America.
231:
83:
40:
660:
Mika Etchebéhère: una argentina militante del POUM, combatiente en la Guerra Civil española
99:
56:
360:
641:¿Pasarán? Kommunikation im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Interacting in the Spanish Civil War
476:
236:
166:
118:
87:
24:
675:
610:
573:
Mika Etchebéhère : una heroica y desconocida combatiente de nuestra guerra civil
216:
114:
614:
255:
144:
522:
227:
503:
Hugo
Fontana (8 de febrero de 2013). «Mika, la capitana». El País. (in Spanish)
199:, Mika was back in Madrid. She and her partner volunteered as fighters for the
267:
155:
125:
326:
Ma guerre d'Espagne à moi : une femme à la tête d'une colonne au combat
110:
68:
602:
16:
629:, Buenos Aires: Teseo, 2020, 31-67. ISBN 9789878654430, publié aussi dans
464:
319:
341:
223:
103:
75:
618:
247:. In the meantime, she was still taking part in activities led by the
278:
266:
As early as 1946, Mika returned to France, becoming a translator for
295:
64:
39:
31:
23:
643:, Vienna: New Academic Press, 2020, 82-99. ISBN 978-3-7003-2179-8
580:
Forma. Revista d'estudis comparatius. Art, literatura, pensament
72:
591:
Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues
109:
At age 15, she began being an active member of Rosario's local
584:
http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Forma/article/view/326720/417234
226:
of 1937 in Barcelona, she was arrested on the front line at
409:
Hippolyte Etchebéhère (1900-1936), La Bataille socialiste,
506:«La capitana Mika sale del olvido». El País. (in Spanish)
483:, Bibliothèque D'une révolution l'autre, 8 juillet 2014,
187:, also known for its communist and anti-stalinist views.
627:
Hacer Patria. Estudios sobre la vida judía en Argentina
555:, Bibliothèque D'une révolution l'autre, 8 July 2014,
564:
Juan Rústico (pseudonyme de Hippolyte Etchebéhère),
668:at Ateneu llibertari estel negre (in Catalan)
8:
654:MIKA FELDMAN, also known as MIKA ETCHEBÉHÈRE
456:
454:
582:, nº 14, Barcelona, 2016, pp. 35–57.
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
71:and Marxist. She served as captain of the
67:, July 7, 1992) was an Argentine militant
717:Argentine people of the Spanish Civil War
566:1933, la tragédie du prolétariat allemand
287:In 1976, she published an autobiography,
277:Years later, during the civil unrest of
15:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
374:
195:On July 12, 1936, six days before the
201:Workers' Party of Marxist Unification
117:, the famous anarchist figure of the
7:
747:People from San Cristóbal Department
82:in 1936, and was also active in the
245:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
215:, founded on February 10, 1937 by
14:
575:, Historia y Vida, February 1977.
139:, the couple decided to join the
762:20th-century non-fiction writers
737:International Brigades personnel
310:, Paris, Les Lettres nouvelles,
542:, Libération, 14 January 1999,
154:("the Spark"). Members of this
757:Women in the Spanish Civil War
270:, and helping in creating the
1:
712:Argentine non-fiction writers
633:, Barcelona, 5 novembre 2020
254:However, at the beginning of
169:during what has been called "
666:Mika Etchebehere (1902-1992)
274:, a socialist organization.
141:Communist Party of Argentina
568:, Éditions Spartacus, 2003.
49:Mika Feldman de Etchebéhère
778:
328:, Arles, Actes Sud, 1998,
130:University of Buenos Aires
98:Mika was born in 1902, in
36:Mika Etchebehere (1937-38)
722:Argentine revolutionaries
348:Ma guerre d’Espagne à moi
308:Ma guerre d'Espagne à moi
289:Ma Guerre d'Espagne à Moi
197:Spanish coup of July 1936
135:In 1924, inspired by the
124:In 1920, while studying
727:Argentine women writers
656:at Fundación Andreu Nin
461:L'Éphéméride anarchiste
213:Spanish Republican Army
178:Second Spanish Republic
28:Mika Etchebehere (1936)
603:10.2979/nashim.36.1.11
161:Mika then traveled to
45:
37:
29:
21:
43:
35:
27:
19:
702:Argentine communists
697:Argentine anarchists
752:Socialist feminists
465:notice biographique
444:, 14 janvier 1999,
411:notice biographique
398:notice biographique
396:Estel Negre :
234:group known as the
63:, March 14, 1902 —
707:Argentine Marxists
538:Édouard Waintrop,
262:After World War II
205:Battle of Sigüenza
191:Spanish Revolution
137:Russian Revolution
46:
38:
30:
22:
692:Anarcha-feminists
615:Project MUSE
560:
547:
534:
363:
356:978-2-9548175-0-7
272:Cercle Zimmerwald
171:Patagonia Rebelde
80:Spanish Civil War
61:Santa Fe Province
769:
631:Mozaika Magazine
622:
556:
551:Claude Guillon,
543:
530:
488:
474:
468:
458:
449:
434:Édouard Waintrop
431:
414:
407:
401:
394:
359:
350:, Milena, 2014,
232:anarcho-feminist
185:Que faire ?
84:anarcha-feminist
44:Mika Etchebéhère
20:Mika Etchebehere
777:
776:
772:
771:
770:
768:
767:
766:
672:
671:
650:
588:
519:
497:
492:
491:
475:
471:
459:
452:
432:
417:
408:
404:
395:
376:
371:
312:Éditions Denoël
304:
264:
193:
96:
53:Micaela Feldman
12:
11:
5:
775:
773:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
742:Mujeres Libres
739:
734:
732:Argentine Jews
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
674:
673:
670:
669:
663:
657:
649:
648:External links
646:
645:
644:
637:
623:
597:(1): 205–233.
586:
576:
571:Luis Portela,
569:
562:
549:
536:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
496:
493:
490:
489:
485:texte intégral
477:Claude Guillon
469:
450:
446:texte intégral
415:
402:
373:
372:
370:
367:
366:
365:
345:
323:
303:
302:Selected works
300:
263:
260:
249:Mujeres Libres
237:Mujeres Libres
192:
189:
167:Argentine Army
119:French commune
95:
92:
88:Mujeres Libres
86:organization,
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
774:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
567:
563:
559:
554:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
528:
524:
521:
520:
516:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
498:
494:
486:
482:
478:
473:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
406:
403:
399:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
375:
368:
362:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
335:
334:9782742720613
331:
327:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
305:
301:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
282:
280:
275:
273:
269:
261:
259:
257:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
238:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
217:Cipriano Mera
214:
208:
206:
202:
198:
190:
188:
186:
181:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
115:Louise Michel
112:
107:
105:
101:
93:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
42:
34:
26:
18:
662:(in Spanish)
640:
630:
626:
594:
590:
579:
572:
565:
552:
539:
526:
517:Bibliography
480:
472:
437:
405:
347:
325:
307:
293:
288:
286:
283:
276:
271:
265:
256:World War II
253:
248:
242:
235:
221:
209:
194:
184:
182:
175:
160:
151:
149:
145:Leon Trotsky
134:
123:
108:
100:Moisés Ville
97:
57:Moisés Ville
52:
48:
47:
687:1992 deaths
682:1902 births
527:La Capitana
523:Elsa Osorio
228:Guadalajara
222:During the
78:during the
676:Categories
442:Libération
369:References
268:Air France
156:Trostkyist
126:odontology
611:226448820
320:461409358
163:Patagonia
152:La Chispa
111:anarchist
69:anarchist
463: :
342:41076762
314:, 1975,
224:May Days
495:Sources
128:at the
104:Yiddish
76:militia
619:760408
617:
609:
354:
340:
332:
318:
279:May 68
607:S2CID
296:Seine
65:Paris
51:(née
558:text
545:text
532:note
352:ISBN
338:OCLC
330:ISBN
316:OCLC
94:Life
73:POUM
599:doi
361:BnF
173:".
678::
613:.
605:.
595:36
593:.
525:,
479:,
453:^
440:,
436:,
418:^
377:^
358:,
336:,
298:.
207:.
147:.
121:.
90:.
59:,
55:;
621:.
601::
561:.
548:.
535:.
487:.
467:.
448:.
413:.
400:.
364:.
344:.
322:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
