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155:"I take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude and sympathy for the great work and inventions in the field of radio you do. Newspaper without paper and without distance that you create will be a great thing. Fully and I promise you all possible assistance to this and similar works. With best wishes." Ulyanov (Lenin).
52:; 22 February 1888 – 7 March 1940), sometimes spelled Bonch-Bruyevich, was an engineer, scientist, and professor. Generally considered the leading authority on radio in Russian Empire and Soviet Union in the first decades of the 20th century, he greatly influenced the pre-radar development of radio-location in that nation.
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In June 1940, the
Council of People's Commissars of the USSR immortalized the memory of this outstanding engineer, scientist, and teacher by renaming the Institute the M. A. Bonch-Bruevich Electro-Technical Institute of Communications. (In 1993, it was upgraded to university status and given the name
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With the formation of the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1922, all research institutes were nationalized and the Nizhny
Novgorod Radio Laboratory became the first of many State research centers. Bonch-Bruevich was named the Technical Director, and over the next several years gained world acclaim for his work
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swept over the military high commands and the supporting scientific community. The PVO chief was executed, as were many other military officials at his level. The director of the NII-9 was arrested. Through the influence of Bonch-Bruevich, who had been a favorite of Lenin in the prior decade, NII-9
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During his career, Bonch-Bruevich wrote and published over 80 scientific papers and books, and patented and transferred to industry about 60 inventions. He died in
Leningrad on 7 March 1940. With this loss, there was no strong leader to push the radio-location projects at the NII-9. Also, the next
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When Bonch-Bruevich returned to
Leningrad with the TsRL, he also resumed his affiliation with the Leningrad Electro-Technical Institute. He was named Head of the Radio Technology Department, and eventually became Dean of the School of Radio as well as the institute's Deputy Director for Academic
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held a major conference in
Leningrad to discuss this work at LEPI and TsRL as well as similar activities elsewhere. The conference proceedings were published in a journal, available (in the Russian language) for researchers worldwide to learn of this technology in the USSR.
228:(NII-9, Scientific Research Institute #9), a new GAU organization opened in Leningrad. Bonch-Bruevich was named the NII-9 Scientific Director. In addition to radio-location, NII-9 was engaged in projects involving a wide range of disciplines, including military television.
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278:. This CW system operated at 4.7 m (64 MHz) and had a truck-mounted transmitter and two truck-mounted receivers. The two receivers, separately located some distance from the transmitter, allowed an estimation of range by using
251:(Storm). Although he had earlier used pulsed transmission in ionospheres experiments, Bonch-Bruevich strongly believed in the potential of continuous-wave (CW) transmission for radio-location, and led the use of this technology in
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and began an affiliation with a prestigious private Nizhny
Novgorod Radio Laboratory. There he continued with research in vacuum tubes, and developed a 40-kilowatt, water-cooled tube that he used to build
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communications, and had built a set operating at 50-cm (600-MHz). The transmitting and receiving antennas were arranged to aim along the flight path of an aircraft, and on 3 January 1934, a
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In this period, Bonch-Bruevich also continued teaching and studying at the
Leningrad Electro-Technical Institute (LETI – formerly IIEE). (During the turbulent times of World War I and the
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Under Bonch-Bruevich's direction, scientists at NII-9 developed two types of very advanced microwave generators. In 1938, a linear-beam, velocity-modulated vacuum tube (a
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and did graduate study and performed research at the
Imperial Institute of Electrical Engineering (IIEE, also called the Military Electrotechnical School) in Petrograd (
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Radio in Moscow, one of the most powerful radio station in the world. He became the national proponent of radio broadcasting, building 27 stations in various cities.
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on radio equipment. He conducted extensive experiments on high-frequency communications, and, in one project, used pulsed transmission to analyze the nature of the
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Kostenko, A.A.; Nosich, A.I.; Tishchenko, I.A. (2001). "Radar prehistory, Soviet side: three-coordinate L-band pulse radar developed in
Ukraine in the late 30's".
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IEEE Antennas and
Propagation Society International Symposium. 2001 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37229)
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Still in the military, Bonch-Bruevich was assigned to the Central Laboratory of the War Department. There he continued research in radio, with an emphasis on
151:, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, personally sought him out for advice on radio and its uses. On 5 February 1920 he wrote to Bonch-Bruevich as follows:
112:(valve) development. As a part of this, he set up one of the first radio tube manufacturing facilities in Russia, becoming the operations director in 1917.
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in 1896. Bonch-Bruevich attended the Nikolaevsky Engineering School in St. Petersburg, completing undergraduate studies in 1909. He then entered the
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had been seeking means of detecting enemy aircraft at night or above the clouds. In 1933, they approached the TsRL asking for the development of a
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from the aircraft at some 600-m distance, showing that detection by radio was possible. Work immediately started on a practical apparatus.
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119:, names of many schools and institutions continually changed.) He completed his second dissertation and was awarded the higher
192:(radio-location) device (their early name for what ultimately became radar). Bonch-Bruevich quickly accepted this task.
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Erickson, John; "Radio-location and the air defense problem: The design and development of Soviet Radar 1934–40",
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year Germany invaded the USSR, resulting in the evacuation to the east of all critical activities in Leningrad.
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Ioffe, A. F. (February 1934) "Contemporary problems of the development of the technology of air defense",
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As work on radio-location gradually returned, a mobile system began development in 1938. Initially called
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Siddiqi, Asif A. (2003). "The Rockets' Red Glare: Technology, Conflict, and Terror in the Soviet Union".
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In June 1937, all of the work on radio-location in the Soviet Union suddenly stopped. The infamous
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Erickson, J. (1988) "The air defense problem and the Soviet radar programme 1934/35-1945", in
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as an organization was saved, and Bonch-Bruyevich was named the new director.
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Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications.)
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Affairs. Bonch-Bruevich remained on the LETI faculty until his death.
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A Radar History of World War II – Technical and Military Imperatives
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The GAU was also sponsoring radio-location experiments at the
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origin, the original surname being Boncz-Brujewicz, moved to
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100:, C.Sc. – approximately the same as a Ph.D. degree).
41:[mʲɪxɐˈilɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑˈbondʑbrʊˈjevʲɪtɕ]
346:Bonch-Bruevich M.A., (1888–1940), radio technician
224:In 1935, both LEPI and TsRL were made a part of
571:People from Orlovsky Uyezd (Oryol Governorate)
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331:Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich
329:Roginskiǐ, Vladimir IUr'evich (1966)
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72:. The family, which was of royal
60:M. A. Bonch-Bruevich was born in
32:Михаил Александрович Бонч-Бруевич
616:Russian people of Polish descent
611:Burials at Bogoslovskoe Cemetery
134:In 1918, Bonch-Bruevich went to
457:. Vol. 4. pp. 44–47.
387:, Sovetskoye Radio (in Russian)
176:Radio-location (radar) research
166:Tsentral’naya radiolaboratoriya
601:Imperial Russian Army officers
385:At the Origin of Radar in USSR
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528:, Inst. of Physics Pub., 1999
350:Saint Petersburg Encyclopedia
92:in 1914, and was awarded the
542:, Trafford Publishers, 2009
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272:Radio Ulavlivatel Samoletov
218:Russian Academy of Sciences
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365:Radar Development to 1945
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301:Recognition
260:Great Purge
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121:Doctor Nauk
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310:References
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129:Professor
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