425:
688:. Shifts in the number of individuals or the ratio of males and females will affect the social structure. The groups provide protection from predators, while the size is limited by inter-group competition for seasonal feeding resources. Group dynamics are probably dictated by balancing the benefits and costs of predation protection, inter-group competition for food resources, and mating opportunities. About half of Milne-Edwards's sifakas of the individuals of both sexes born in a particular group will emigrate; females leave as juveniles, while males can leave as both juveniles and adults.
31:
367:
440:, meaning it maintains an upright position leaping from tree trunk to tree trunk and moving along branches. It leaping between trees, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka performs a 180 degree twist in midair so that it is facing the incoming landing target. Primarily movements of the arms but also those of the tail are used to adjust the body's rotation and stability on the fly. When landing, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka swings its tail and outstretched forearms downward to help keep the body forward much like a
231:
100:
381:, and one of the larger diurnal lemur species overall. The average weight of a male Milne-Edwards's sifaka is 5.90 kg (13.0 lb) and for females it is 6.30 kg (13.9 lb). The body length excluding the tail is 47.6 cm (18.7 in) for males and females measure 47.7 cm (18.8 in). The tail is slightly shorter than the body, averaging 455 mm (17.9 in) in length or about 94% of the total head and body length.
639:
58:
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The sifaka practices climbing and leaping in its infancy when it ventures from its mother's back. It is not uncommon for infant lemurs to fall, whereupon the mother quickly comes to the infant's assistance. Adult lemurs typically do not fall although they may occasionally lose their grip if the bark
415:
The hands and feet of the lemur have prehensile "thumbs" and big toes, which allow it to maintain a superb grip on trunks and branches. The pads of its fingers and toes are rough and have a large contact area. Its nails are also sharp and pointed, which allows them to dig in if it slips. The big toe
388:
body shape with orange-red eyes and a short, black, bare face ringed by a puffy spray of dark brown to black fur. The majority of its coat is dark brown or black long silky fur, but on the center of the sifaka's back and flanks is a brown to cream colored saddle shaped area which is divided in half
659:
The Milne-Edwards's sifaka's diet is composed primarily of both mature and immature leaves and seeds, but they also regularly consume flowers and fruit. They also supplement their diet with soil and subterranean fungus. In the process of foraging, the Milne-Edwards' sifakas range an average of
696:
Milne-Edwards's sifakas become sexually mature at 2 or 3 years or age. Milne-Edwards's sifakas have one mating season annually during the austral summer in the months of
December and January. Females give birth during the austral winter months of May and July after a 179-day gestation.
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357:
Appendix I. As of 2008, there were estimated to be approximately 28,600 individuals left with only about 3,500 of those remaining in protected areas. It remains threatened by habitat loss, hunting and may be sensitive to a changing climate.
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is particularly well studied. The Milne-Edwards's sifaka is arboreal, diurnal, territorial, and group-forming. Females are dominant over males, typical of lemurs but extremely rare in all other primates.
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Milne-Edwards's sifakas can probably leap between 8 and 10 m (26 and 33 ft). The lemur rarely descends from the relative safety of the canopy, so spends little time on the ground.
940:
Demes, B.; W. L. Jungers; J. G. Fleagle; R. E. Wunderlich; B. G. Richmond; P. Lemelin (October 2006). "Body size and leaping kinematics in
Malagasy vertical clingers and leapers".
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of the Milne-Edwards's sifaka and indrids in general is longer and has a deeper cleft compared to that of lemurids. This is thought to reflect stronger grasping abilities.
1151:
Mittermeier, R. A.; Konstant, W. R.; Hawkins, F.; Louis, E. E.; Langrand, O.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Rasoloarison, R.; Ganzhorn, J. U.; Rajaobelina, S.; Tattersall, I. (2006).
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of the tree shears off from beneath their fingers. Lemurs may carry food while they travel in their hands, though they prefer to place the objects in their mouth.
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865:
Dunham, A. E.; Erhart, E.; Overdorff, D. J. & Wright, P. C. (2008). "Evaluating the effects of deforestation, hunting and El Niño on a threatened lemur".
672:, multi-age groups of between three and nine individuals with a mean group size of 4.8. Depending on the number and gender of individuals, the group may be
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in
Madagascar. Most of the lemurs are collared and the lead females carry a tracking device. Currently there are no captive lemurs of this species.
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at elevations between 600 and 1,600 m (2,000 and 5,200 ft). Milne-Edwards' sifaka has the southernmost range of the diademed sifakas. The
311:. Milne-Edwards's sifaka is characterized by a black body with a light-colored "saddle" on the lower part of its back. It is closely related to the
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by a line of dark fur along the spine. The shape and coloration of the saddle patch vary by individual. The Milne-Edwards' sifaka exhibit neither
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424:
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Wright, P. C. (1992). "Primate ecology, rainforest conservation, and economic development: building a national park in
Madagascar".
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will solely use trees to traverse its habitat, however if forced to cross open area like roads it will use a bipedal sideways hop.
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Tattersall, Ian (2006). "Origin of the
Malagasy strepsirhine primates". In Gould, Lisa; Sauther, Michelle L. (eds.).
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Gebo, Daniel L.; Marian
Dagosto (February–April 1988). "Foot anatomy, climbing, and the origin of the Indriidae".
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The following lemur species can be found within the same geographic range as the Milne-Edwards's sifaka:
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demands high coordination, a well-developed grip, and considerable acrobatics. This lemur moves by
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Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Andrianoely, D.; Donohue, M.E.; Otero-Jiménez, B.J. (2020).
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Lemurs: Ecology and
Adaptation (Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects)
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rivers border the northern part of its range and its southern range extends to
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As with all lemurs, the Milne-Edwards's sifaka has special adaptations for
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969:
Soligo, C.; Müller, A.E. (1999). "Nails and claws in primate evolution".
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833:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120.
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The Milne-Edwards's sifaka can hang from its hind legs upside-down.
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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Milne-Edwards's sifaka is categorized as endangered by the
1124:"Locomotion and predator avoidance in prosimian primates"
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Milne-Edwards's sifaka is the second largest species in
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1130:. New York, New York: Springer. pp. 127–145.
759:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18359A115573104.en
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8:
1126:. In K. A. I. Nekaris; S. L. Gursky (eds.).
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1210:Primate Info Net Eastern Sifakas Factsheet
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337:The species' name honors French zoologist
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29:
20:
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384:The Milne-Edwards's sifaka has a typical
1845:Fauna of the Madagascar subhumid forests
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858:
646:The behavior and social organization of
1840:Fauna of the Madagascar lowland forests
1122:Crompton, R. H.; W. I. Sellers (2007).
778:
776:
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917:) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology"
913:"Primate Factsheets: Diademed sifaka (
807:
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315:, and was until recently considered a
490:. Milne-Edwards's sifaka is found in
7:
660:670 m (2,200 ft) per day.
745:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
1825:IUCN Red List endangered species
1398:Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur (
1128:Primate Anti-Predator Strategies
911:Gron, K. J. (February 4, 2008).
98:
1850:Taxa named by Alfred Grandidier
1155:(2nd ed.). Washington DC:
1056:(1–2). Elsevier Ltd.: 135–154.
503:southeastern part of the island
950:(4). Academic Press: 367–388.
624:Black-and-white ruffed lemur (
606:Small-toothed sportive lemur (
486:off the southeastern coast of
1:
668:Milne-Edwards's sifakas form
588:Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (
438:vertical clinging and leaping
1087:Propithecus diadema edwardsi
1070:10.1016/0047-2484(88)90052-8
881:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.10.006
784:"Checklist of CITES Species"
554:Daubentonia madagascariensis
474:Geographic range and habitat
1866:
1380:Peyrieras's woolly lemur (
1157:Conservation International
1049:Journal of Human Evolution
972:Journal of Human Evolution
943:Journal of Human Evolution
478:Milne-Edwards's sifaka is
432:The arboreal lifestyle of
305:eastern coastal rainforest
1835:Mammals described in 1871
1551:
1253:
1245:Extant species of family
1173:Evolutionary Anthropology
515:Andringitra National Park
408:on its second toe, and a
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95:Scientific classification
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54:
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1467:Milne-Edwards's sifaka (
1371:Sambirano woolly lemur (
1093:Ranomafana National Park
1089:, Milne-Edward's Sifaka"
1083:George Williams (2001).
827:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
711:Ranomafana National Park
705:Most of the research on
372:Ranomafana National Park
40:Ranomafana National Park
1485:Golden-crowned sifaka (
1407:Betsileo woolly lemur (
1389:Southern woolly lemur (
1335:Bemaraha woolly lemur (
1186:10.1002/evan.1360010108
868:Biological Conservation
670:multi-male/multi-female
287:Milne-Edwards's simpona
24:Milne-Edwards's sifaka
1362:Western woolly lemur (
1353:Moore's woolly lemur (
1344:Eastern woolly lemur (
1097:Stony Brook University
993:10.1006/jhev.1998.0263
956:10.1006/jhev.1996.0066
752:: e.T18359A115573104.
643:
597:Greater bamboo lemur (
534:Eastern woolly lemur (
465:
429:
374:
362:Anatomy and physiology
277:Milne-Edwards's sifaka
1774:Paleobiology Database
641:
579:Golden bamboo lemur (
543:Greater dwarf lemur (
464:
427:
369:
1636:propithecus-edwardsi
1623:Propithecus_edwardsi
1609:Propithecus edwardsi
1579:Propithecus edwardsi
1153:Lemurs of Madagascar
819:Propithecus edwardsi
738:Propithecus edwardsi
707:Propithecus edwardsi
561:Common brown lemur (
282:Propithecus edwardsi
214:Propithecus edwardsi
1517:Coquerel's sifaka (
1508:Verreaux's sifaka (
1062:1988JHumE..17..135G
985:1999JHumE..36...97S
915:Propithecus diadema
664:Social organization
642:Nestling in foliage
615:Brown mouse lemur (
572:Eulemur rubriventer
570:Red-bellied lemur (
525:Sympatric relations
395:sexual dichromatism
353:, and is listed in
345:Conservation status
339:Henri Milne-Edwards
48:Conservation status
1476:Perrier's sifaka (
1400:A. ramanantsoavani
644:
608:Lepilemur microdon
545:Cheirogaleus major
466:
430:
375:
1812:
1811:
1571:Taxon identifiers
1562:
1561:
1547:
1546:
1526:Decken's sifaka (
1449:Diademed sifaka (
1432:
1328:
1159:. pp. 520 p.
1137:978-0-387-34807-0
1029:978-0-387-34585-7
626:Varecia variegata
590:Hapalemur griseus
482:to the island of
391:sexual dimorphism
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1103:on July 26, 2011
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581:Hapalemur aureus
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238:Distribution of
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16:Species of lemur
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1125:
1118:
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1021:
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982:
979:(1): 97–114.
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840:0-801-88221-4
836:
832:
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825:Wilson, D. E.
822:
820:
814:
813:Groves, C. P.
808:
806:
802:
789:
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568:
566:
564:
559:
557:
555:
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548:
546:
541:
539:
537:
536:Avahi laniger
532:
531:
530:
524:
522:
520:
519:Rienana River
516:
512:
508:
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341:(1800–1885).
340:
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289:, is a large
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267:Günther, 1875
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221:A. Grandidier
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205:Binomial name
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162:Strepsirrhini
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1553:
1537:P. coronatus
1536:
1527:
1519:P. coquereli
1518:
1510:P. verreauxi
1509:
1499:P. verreauxi
1498:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1459:
1450:
1439:
1420:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1355:A. mooreorum
1354:
1345:
1336:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1283:Strepsirhini
1180:(1): 25–33.
1177:
1171:
1165:
1152:
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1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
1092:
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749:
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692:Reproduction
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213:
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182:
18:
1696:iNaturalist
1603:Wikispecies
1528:P. deckenii
1478:P. perrieri
1469:P. edwardsi
1460:P. candidus
1422:Propithecus
1409:A. betsileo
1373:A. unicolor
875:: 287–297.
790:. UNEP-WCMC
765:19 November
678:polyandrous
648:P. edwardsi
499:rainforests
449:P. edwardsi
442:long-jumper
434:P. edwardsi
428:Dorsal view
406:toilet-claw
386:Propithecus
379:Propithecus
240:P. edwardsi
183:Propithecus
1819:Categories
1451:P. diadema
1440:P. diadema
1346:A. laniger
1337:A. cleesei
1281:Suborder:
717:References
686:monogamous
682:polygynous
484:Madagascar
420:Locomotion
323:, it is a
317:subspecies
309:Madagascar
259:Gray, 1872
158:Suborder:
81:Appendix I
63:Endangered
1429:(sifakas)
1257:Kingdom:
1247:Indriidae
1107:April 10,
552:Aye-aye (
496:secondary
410:toothcomb
332:Indriidae
264:holomelas
190:Species:
172:Indriidae
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
1787:Species+
1753:12100092
1594:Q1202844
1588:Wikidata
1555:Category
1305:I. indri
1277:Primates
1271:Mammalia
1265:Chordata
1263:Phylum:
1259:Animalia
1194:83724798
1020:Springer
922:June 15,
849:62265494
815:(2005).
794:18 March
701:Research
634:Behavior
517:and the
402:grooming
291:arboreal
247:Synonyms
168:Family:
152:Primates
142:Mammalia
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
1830:Sifakas
1740:1000987
1688:5707429
1675:4454284
1303:Indri (
1275:Order:
1269:Class:
1058:Bibcode
1001:9924135
981:Bibcode
507:Mangoro
501:on the
492:primary
480:endemic
469:Ecology
327:in the
325:primate
321:sifakas
303:to the
301:endemic
295:diurnal
256:bicolor
178:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
66: (
1802:112208
1799:uBio:
1779:385220
1766:543559
1714:944091
1649:708436
1631:ARKive
1192:
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488:Africa
329:family
285:), or
223:, 1871
1727:18359
1701:74962
1662:789PY
1501:group
1442:group
1318:Avahi
1294:Indri
1190:S2CID
823:. In
788:CITES
684:, or
511:Onive
355:CITES
298:lemur
85:CITES
79:CITES
1792:5515
1761:NCBI
1722:IUCN
1709:ITIS
1683:GBIF
1644:BOLD
1132:ISBN
1109:2011
1024:ISBN
997:PMID
924:2009
845:OCLC
835:ISBN
796:2015
767:2021
750:2020
655:Diet
509:and
494:and
393:nor
351:IUCN
1748:MSW
1735:MDD
1670:EoL
1657:CoL
1618:ADW
1182:doi
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989:doi
952:doi
877:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
