655:(i.e., repeated musical figure) from their song "Joyful Noise." Smith agreed with the district court that the plaintiffs failed to show that Perry or her co-defendants had copied elements of "Joyful Noise" that were sufficiently original to be protectable under copyright law, stating: "The portion of the 'Joyful Noise' ostinato that overlaps with the 'Dark Horse' ostinato consists of a manifestly conventional arrangement of musical building blocks. Allowing a copyright over this material would essentially amount to allowing an improper monopoly over two-note pitch sequences or even the minor scale itself." Smith's opinion did not comment on other issues decided by the district court, concluding that it was unnecessary to "reach any other issue in this case." Smith's ruling was recognized within the legal community as one of the most important copyright decisions of 2022.
512:, where a deputy sheriff fatally shot a 13-year-old boy. Viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, the panel concluded that the deputy deployed deadly force within seconds after exiting his vehicle while the boy was walking in the opposite direction on an adjacent sidewalk, holding what appeared to be a gun pointed at the ground, without warning about the amount of force that would be used, and without observing any aggressive behavior by the boy. Because the boy did not pose an immediate threat to law enforcement officials or anyone else, the law clearly established that the deputy's conduct was unconstitutional and the deputy was not entitled to qualified immunity. The U.S. Supreme Court later
709:
sports was against the legislative purpose of the
Sherman Antitrust Act. Writing that the treatment of student-athletes "is the result of a cartel of buyers acting in concert to artificially depress the price that sellers could otherwise receive for their services"—exactly the "sort of distortion" that the antitrust laws were designed to prohibit—Smith argued that the majority's analysis "seems to erode the very protections a Sherman Act plaintiff has the right to enforce" by limiting the extent of the relief afforded to student-athletes despite their being "quite clearly deprived of the fair value of their services." After the case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court,
383: (9th Cir. 2017). Writing on behalf of an undivided panel, Smith held that a high school football coach spoke as a public employee when he would kneel and pray on the 50-yard line immediately after games, in full school apparel, while in view of students and parents. Because the coach's demonstrative conduct was made in his capacity as a public employee, the school did not illegally retaliate against him when the school ordered the coach not to speak in the manner that he did. Smith also noted that the school district's action was justified in order to avoid violating the
528: (9th Cir. 2024). Writing for a unanimous panel, Smith rebuked the FBI for its March 2021 raid on US Private Vaults in Beverly Hills, California, in which it seized over 700 safe deposit boxes and attempted to civilly forfeit each box's contents. Smith also wrote a separate concurrence indicating his view that the inventory search doctrine should categorically not extend to searches of safe deposit boxes in a locked vault. Many observers celebrated the ruling as a crucial win for individuals' Fourth Amendment rights.
684:. Smith reasoned that federal law imposes on fiduciaries an ongoing duty to monitor investments, even absent a change in circumstances. Looking to the law of trusts, the duty of prudence requires fiduciaries to reevaluate investments periodically and to take into account their power to obtain favorable investment products, particularly when those products were substantially identical—other than their lower cost—to products they had already selected.
369:, to shield their identities from disclosure. The opinion rejected a Free Speech Clause challenge to the California requirement that committees report donations made before the election but after the pre-election reporting deadline, and that certain other aspects of the donors' challenges were either moot or not ripe because the information the donors sought to keep confidential had already been published across the internet.
38:
260:. In 1972, Smith left O'Melveny to co-found his own law firm, Smith & Hilbig, which eventually became Smith, Crane, Robinson & Parker. He was a President-General Counsel of the Los Angeles State Building Authority from 1983 to 2006. Smith was a Vice Chairman of the California Fair Employment and Housing Commission from 1987 to 1991.
325:. "The right to speak and write whatever one chooses—including, to some degree, worthless, offensive and demonstrable untruths—without cowering in fear of a powerful government is, in our view, an essential component of the protection afforded by the First Amendment," Smith wrote in the majority opinion. The
733:
anti-steering rules violated
California’s Unfair Competition Law and upheld the nationwide injunction against those rules. The panel also affirmed the district court’s conclusion that Epic had failed to provide sufficient evidence showing that Apple’s prohibition on app distribution outside of
708:
was in violation of antitrust law as an illegal restraint of trade. Smith wrote separately to argue that the majority's use of cross-market analysis to assign a procompetitive benefit to benefit of the NCAA's amateurism restrictions in developing a separate and distinct market for amateur college
769:
anticommandeering doctrine precluded the government's attempt to force state and local officials to assist with immigration enforcement efforts. The panel concluded: "SB 54 may well frustrate the federal government's immigration enforcement efforts. However, whatever the wisdom of the underlying
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from enforcing its anti-graffiti ordinance. Writing for an undivided panel, Smith criticized the district court for enjoining the ordinance as overbroad without acknowledging “the numerous applications of the ordinance that would not implicate any protected speech, such as spray-painting an
580: (9th Cir. 2023). Writing for an undivided panel, Smith held that the passage of pollutants through natural groundwater before reaching navigable waters necessarily triggered application of the Supreme Court's "functional equivalent" test from its decision in
676: (9th Cir. 2016). On remand from the U.S. Supreme Court, Smith authored an opinion on behalf of a unanimous en banc panel that vacated the district court's judgment in favor of an employer and its benefits plan administrator on claims of breach of
473:, 554 U.S. 570 (2008), Smith wrote that machine guns are "dangerous and unusual weapons" that are not "typically possessed by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes," and that their possession is not protected by the Second Amendment.
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782: (9th Cir. 2021). Smith dissented when the Ninth Circuit permitted Arizona to execute someone despite the fact that Arizona's death penalty statute at the time was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in
770:
policy adopted by
California, that frustration is permissible, because California has the right, pursuant to the anticommandeering rule, to refrain from assisting with federal efforts." The U.S. Supreme Court later denied cert.
296:
Smith has been one of the Ninth
Circuit's most prolific writers. According to one periodical, he authored the most majority opinions of any judge on the Ninth Circuit in the three-year period ending on May 10, 2013.
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the App Store and its related requirement that developers exclusively use Apple’s In-App
Purchase payment system for purchases within an app violate federal antitrust laws. The U.S. Supreme Court later denied cert.
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echoed Smith's observation that the coach's argument that he only wanted to conduct his own private prayer while seeking no attention from his players or the public was flatly contradicted by the facts in the
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was confirmed in 2003. He received his commission on May 18, 2006. In 2022, Smith told the
Deseret News that he has no plans to retire and wishes to "die with my boots on."
486:
85:
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463: (9th Cir. 2012). Smith, writing for a unanimous three-judge panel, upheld a conviction for the possession of a homemade machine gun. Rejecting the defendant's
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1008:
901:
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753: (9th Cir. 2019). Smith, writing for a unanimous panel, largely upheld a district court's denial of the federal government's motion to enjoin California's
547: (9th Cir. 2012). Smith dissented from an en banc decision of the court holding that a federal agency's decision to refrain from acting triggered the
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1345:
1107:
965:
762:
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365: (9th Cir. 2014). Smith, writing for a divided panel, rejected an effort by contributors to California's anti-gay marriage ballot measure,
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as applied to non-violent offenders who have served their time in prison and reentered society. Smith urged the court to rehear the case en banc.
222:
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587:
577:
505:
362:
342:
314:
779:
750:
722:
460:
405:
380:
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226:
696: (9th Cir. 2020). Smith authored a concurring opinion in which he largely joined the majority's finding that rules implemented by the
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610:
1132:
388:
374:
428: (9th Cir. 2024). Smith wrote the majority opinion, which reversed the district court’s order preliminarily enjoining the City of
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1200:
353:, that barred day laborers from soliciting work from occupants of motor vehicles violated the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment.
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416:“really literally is paid Russian propaganda" could not amount to defamation and that her speech is protected by the First Amendment.
879:
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shared the same concerns as Smith, stating that antitrust laws "should not be a cover for exploitation of the student athletes."
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1307:
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from 1997 to 2009. Milan Smith is neither a
Republican nor a Democrat, and he considers himself to be a political independent.
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667:
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individual’s private home, vehicle, or other private property, or chalking messages on an individual’s private driveway.”
648:
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on May 16, 2006, by a 93–0 vote. He was the fifth judge appointed to the Ninth
Circuit by Bush, and the first since
725: (9th Cir. 2023). Smith authored the majority opinion, which affirmed the district court’s conclusion that
3148:
2374:
2014:
350:
508: (9th Cir. 2017). Smith authored the majority opinion affirming the denial of summary judgment based on
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441:
413:
330:
318:
308:
277:
237:
155:
788:. Although Arizona updated its death penalty statute afterwards, Smith argued that the execution violates the
481:(9th Cir. 2024). Smith dissented from the majority opinion, which held that the felon-in-possession statute,
280:
rated him "well qualified," the highest possible rating. He was confirmed just over three months later by the
387:. Certiorari was granted in the case on January 14, 2022. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the judgment in a
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2019:
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444:, who made public disorder and specifically graffiti crackdowns central to her campaign two years ago.”
639:(9th Cir. 2022). Writing for a unanimous panel, Smith wrote an opinion upholding the district court's
551:
interagency consultation process. The dissent began with a reproduction of a woodcut and excerpt from
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1283:"Supreme Court rules for student-athletes in battle over NCAA limits on certain benefits - CBS News"
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1409:"Senate approves Smith's brother for federal appeals court," The Associated Press, May 17, 2006
966:"On the Nomination (Confirmation Milan D. Smith, Jr., of California, to be U.S. Circuit Judge)"
609: (9th Cir. 2018). Smith wrote the majority opinion for a divided panel, which upheld a
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1346:"Trump Judge Casts Deciding Vote to Uphold Retroactive Death Sentence: Our Courts, Our Fight"
804:"Only Where Justified: Toward Limits and Explanatory Requirements for Nationwide Injunctions"
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1176:"Appeals court finds FBI did violate rights of some Beverly Hills safe-deposit box holders"
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1021:
Scott Graham, The
Recorder, "At the Ninth Circuit, Moderates Do the Talking." May 10, 2013
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1009:"Confidence in the Supreme Court is falling. This conservative judge thinks he knows why"
821:"A Blast From the Past: The Public Trust Doctrine and Its Growing Threat to Water Rights"
647:
and several other defendants. In the lawsuit, the plaintiffs alleged that Perry's song "
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in the selection and retention of certain mutual funds for a benefit plan governed by
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1108:"Justices side with high school football coach who prayed on the field with students"
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629:." The decision rested on narrow grounds based on the procedural posture of the case.
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317: (9th Cir. 2010). Smith wrote the majority opinion, which struck down the
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689:
In re Nat'l
Collegiate Athletic Ass'n Athletic Grant-in-Aid Cap Antitrust Litig.
618:
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After law school, Smith became an associate attorney at the Los Angeles firm of
16:
This article is about the attorney and jurist. For the actor and stuntman, see
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to overturn a $ 2.78 million award in a copyright lawsuit against the singer
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221:. He is the son of Milan D. Smith, Sr., who served as chief of staff of the
59:
1201:"Appeals Court: FBI's safe-deposit box seizures violated Fourth Amendment"
2799:
652:
345: (9th Cir. 2011). Smith, writing for the majority of an 11-judge
1226:"Federal Appeals Court Slams FBI's Actions In Security Deposit Box Raid"
820:
1397:
From Worst to First?: Judge Smith Describes Improving the Ninth Circuit
429:
408: (9th Cir. 2021). Smith dismissed a defamation lawsuit against
346:
218:
132:
185:(born May 19, 1942) is an American attorney and jurist serving as a
1374:
985:
560:, depicting and describing the eponymous traveler's capture by the
3549:
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1076:"Analysis | Gorsuch and Sotomayor's extraordinary factual dispute"
681:
3569:
United States court of appeals judges appointed by George W. Bush
949:"Ratings of Article III Judicial Nominees for the 109th Congress"
1462:
1050:"Neil Gorsuch 'Misconstrues The Facts' In School Prayer Case"
1240:"The Biggest Copyright Rulings Of 2022: A Midyear Report"
704:
are permitted to receive from their school as part of an
276:. The Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary of the
244:
on a full-tuition scholarship, graduating in 1969 with a
1332:"U.S. Supreme Court, Proceedings and Orders, No. 19-532"
1133:"Seattle's graffiti law reinstated by Court of Appeals"
765:
and preemption arguments, concluding instead that the
272:
on February 14, 2006, to fill a seat vacated by Judge
1443:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1414:"White House Looks at Two Names for Ninth Circuit,"
1308:"Supreme Court rejects Epic v. Apple antitrust case"
191:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
51:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
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321:. The panel ruled 2 to 1 that the law violated the
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349:panel, concluded that an ordinance of the City of
540:Karuk Tribe of California v. U.S. Forest Service
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761:. The panel mostly rejected the government's
583:Cnty. of Maui, Hawaii v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
338:Comite de Jornaleros v. City of Redondo Beach
8:
437:characterized the ruling as “a victory for
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25:
1380:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
991:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
700:capping the amount of grant-in-aid that
698:National Collegiate Athletic Association
3574:University of Chicago Law School alumni
1258:"The Biggest Copyright Rulings Of 2022"
860:
1032:"Kennedy v. Bremerton School District"
930:. georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov
358:Protectmarriage.com-Yes on 8 v. Bowen
7:
412:. He ruled that Maddow's words that
375:Kennedy v. Bremerton School District
573:Cottonwood Env't L. Ctr. v. Edwards
1391:U.S. Department of Justice Profile
1224:Wimer, Andrew (January 23, 2024).
14:
268:Smith was nominated by President
928:"Nominations Sent to the Senate"
660:Labor, employment, and antitrust
401:Herring Networks, Inc. v. Maddow
242:University of Chicago Law School
3544:Brigham Young University alumni
1491:United States courts of appeals
868:Marquis Who's Who, Inc (1977).
718:Epic Games, Inc. v. Apple, Inc.
968:. senate.gov. January 27, 2015
668:Tibble v. Edison International
470:District of Columbia v. Heller
1:
3559:People from Pendleton, Oregon
1306:Robertson, Adi (2024-01-16).
1281:Quinn, Melissa (2021-06-21).
3534:21st-century American judges
1174:Rector, Kevin (2024-01-24).
819:Milan D. Smith, Jr. (2016).
802:Milan D. Smith, Jr. (2020).
613:finding that the 2013 song "
240:in 1966. Smith attended the
1350:People for the American Way
1158:"June 25, 2018 Orders List"
1074:Blake, Aaron (2022-06-29).
902:"A good judge of character"
757:laws, including SB 54, the
746:United States v. California
329:affirmed the judgment in a
187:United States circuit judge
3590:
3539:American Latter Day Saints
1199:Boehm, Eric (2024-01-23).
874:. Marquis Who's Who, LLC.
763:intergovernmental immunity
501:Estate of Lopez v. Gelhaus
23:American judge (born 1942)
15:
1497:
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1438:
1430:
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871:Who's Who in American Law
564:—an unusual sight in the
421:Tucson v. City of Seattle
351:Redondo Beach, California
223:Department of Agriculture
176:
103:
67:
56:
44:
35:
651:impermissibly copied an
549:Endangered Species Act's
319:Stolen Valor Act of 2005
309:United States v. Alvarez
278:American Bar Association
264:Federal judicial service
238:Brigham Young University
209:Early life and education
156:Brigham Young University
1385:Federal Judicial Center
1383:, a publication of the
996:Federal Judicial Center
994:, a publication of the
711:Justice Brett Kavanaugh
588:140 S. Ct. 1462
521:Snitko v. United States
478:United States v. Duarte
393:Justice Sonia Sotomayor
456:United States v. Henry
809:Notre Dame Law Review
797:Selected publications
759:California Values Act
694:958 F.3d 1239
674:843 F.3d 1187
607:885 F.3d 1150
595:Intellectual Property
578:86 F.4th 1255
545:681 F.3d 1006
526:90 F.4th 1250
483:18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1)
439:Seattle City Attorney
426:91 F.4th 1318
315:617 F.3d 1198
258:O'Melveny & Myers
183:Milan Dale Smith, Jr.
166:University of Chicago
1244:Kirkland & Ellis
790:ex post facto clause
780:16 F.4th 666
751:921 F.3d 865
723:67 F.4th 946
706:athletic scholarship
506:871 F.3d 998
461:688 F.3d 637
406:8 F.4th 1148
385:Establishment Clause
381:869 F.3d 813
363:752 F.3d 827
343:657 F.3d 936
282:United States Senate
954:. January 10, 2008.
739:Other notable cases
391:. In her dissent,
232:. Smith received a
193:. Smith's brother,
18:Milan Smith (actor)
1506:represent current
1434:A. Wallace Tashima
1418:, November 9, 2005
1402:Harvard Law Record
1352:. October 28, 2021
849:Lee-Hamblin family
625:to the 1977 song "
557:Gulliver's Travels
510:qualified immunity
327:U.S. Supreme Court
274:A. Wallace Tashima
213:Smith was born in
98:A. Wallace Tashima
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1858:Montgomery-Reeves
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1457:
1456:
1405:, April 24, 2008.
1395:Fotouhi, David, "
1180:Los Angeles Times
1137:The Seattle Times
826:Environmental Law
767:Tenth Amendment's
627:Got To Give It Up
533:Environmental law
435:The Seattle Times
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230:Ezra Taft Benson
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816:: 2013–2038.
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123:May 19, 1942
81:Appointed by
75:May 18, 2006
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58:
3529:1942 births
2871:O'Scannlain
2678:9th Circuit
2556:8th Circuit
2461:Easterbrook
2439:7th Circuit
2247:6th Circuit
2080:5th Circuit
2015:Quattlebaum
1948:4th Circuit
1786:3rd Circuit
1614:2nd Circuit
1517:1st Circuit
1502:· Names in
1375:Milan Smith
1356:November 2,
986:Milan Smith
649:Dark Horse"
637:28 F.4th 87
514:denied cert
442:Ann Davison
93:Preceded by
30:Milan Smith
3523:Categories
3453:Cunningham
3285:Srinivasan
2385:Batchelder
2334:Bloomekatz
2309:Nalbandian
2157:Engelhardt
2010:Richardson
1630:Livingston
1549:Montecalvo
1317:2024-03-13
1292:2024-03-13
1267:2024-07-17
1210:2024-03-13
1205:Reason.com
1185:2024-03-13
1143:2024-03-13
1118:2024-03-13
1112:SCOTUSblog
1093:2024-03-13
1060:2024-03-13
1036:SCOTUSblog
972:2015-04-13
934:2015-04-13
887:2015-04-13
855:References
833:: 461–480.
645:Katy Perry
286:Carlos Bea
199:Republican
119:1942-05-19
3484:Clevenger
3291:Henderson
3255:J. Carnes
3240:E. Carnes
3225:Edmondson
3159:Rosenbaum
3012:Bacharach
3002:Tymkovich
2906:Silverman
2901:S. Thomas
2886:Kleinfeld
2881:Fernandez
2861:D. Nelson
2856:Schroeder
2830:Johnstone
2815:H. Thomas
2755:R. Nelson
2745:Friedland
2710:Rawlinson
2506:Maldonado
2390:Daughtrey
2284:Kethledge
2223:Barksdale
2137:Higginson
2122:Southwick
1970:Wilkinson
1884:Stapleton
1732:Calabresi
1500:Full list
1452:Incumbent
1312:The Verge
1088:0190-8286
731:App Store
623:copyright
621:estate's
227:Secretary
215:Pendleton
151:Education
146:(brother)
140:Relations
129:Pendleton
60:Incumbent
3367:Randolph
3362:Sentelle
3357:Ginsburg
3220:Anderson
3164:J. Pryor
3143:W. Pryor
3073:Anderson
3068:Porfilio
3047:Federico
3017:Phillips
3007:Matheson
2956:N. Smith
2921:Fletcher
2730:Christen
2720:M. Smith
2715:Callahan
2608:Erickson
2598:Shepherd
2588:Gruender
2572:Colloton
2542:Hamilton
2420:McKeague
2030:Benjamin
1975:Niemeyer
1828:Restrepo
1813:Hardiman
1802:Chagares
1737:Cabranes
1671:Robinson
1641:Sullivan
1600:Thompson
1575:Campbell
1554:Rikelman
1054:HuffPost
912:July 21,
838:See also
653:ostinato
641:decision
197:, was a
3504:Wallach
3433:Taranto
3352:Edwards
3306:Wilkins
3301:Pillard
3296:Millett
3215:Tjoflat
3194:Brasher
3113:O'Brien
3098:Briscoe
3078:Baldock
3063:Seymour
3042:Rossman
2961:Hurwitz
2941:Clifton
2936:Tallman
2916:McKeown
2896:Tashima
2891:Hawkins
2851:Wallace
2835:de Alba
2820:Mendoza
2810:Sanchez
2795:VanDyke
2790:Bumatay
2785:Forrest
2770:Collins
2750:Bennett
2700:Wardlaw
2694:Murguia
2644:Wollman
2476:St. Eve
2471:Scudder
2466:Brennan
2405:Gibbons
2314:Readler
2289:Stranch
2279:Griffin
2233:Clement
2177:Ramirez
2172:Douglas
2142:Willett
2112:Stewart
2096:Richman
2056:Traxler
2025:Heytens
2020:Rushing
2000:Thacker
1985:Gregory
1924:Fuentes
1914:Rendell
1899:Nygaard
1889:Scirica
1853:Freeman
1818:Shwartz
1686:Merriam
1661:Menashi
1656:Nardini
1539:Kayatta
1377:at the
988:at the
430:Seattle
396:record.
347:en banc
203:Senator
189:of the
3494:Bryson
3489:Schall
3479:Plager
3467:Senior
3443:Hughes
3413:Lourie
3408:Newman
3394:Active
3372:Rogers
3345:Senior
3336:Garcia
3326:Childs
3321:Walker
3311:Katsas
3277:Active
3250:Marcus
3230:Dubina
3208:Senior
3174:Branch
3169:Newsom
3154:Jordan
3149:Wilson
3135:Active
3108:Murphy
3103:Lucero
3083:Brorby
3056:Senior
3037:Carson
3027:Moritz
3022:McHugh
2991:Holmes
2983:Active
2931:Berzon
2911:Graber
2844:Senior
2760:Miller
2735:Nguyen
2686:Active
2664:Melloy
2659:Arnold
2654:Hansen
2639:Bowman
2632:Senior
2593:Benton
2564:Active
2537:Rovner
2532:Ripple
2515:Senior
2481:Kirsch
2447:Active
2410:Rogers
2400:Gilman
2370:Norris
2348:Senior
2329:Mathis
2319:Murphy
2304:Larsen
2294:Thapar
2263:Sutton
2255:Active
2228:Dennis
2218:Wiener
2186:Senior
2167:Wilson
2162:Oldham
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2132:Graves
2127:Haynes
2088:Active
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2044:Senior
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2005:Harris
1956:Active
1934:Fisher
1877:Senior
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1838:Porter
1823:Krause
1808:Jordan
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1747:Parker
1722:Jacobs
1717:Walker
1712:Kearse
1707:Newman
1700:Senior
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2705:Gould
2623:Kobes
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2501:Kolar
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2425:White
2380:Siler
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2324:Davis
2269:Moore
2208:Davis
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1909:McKee
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914:2022
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