363:, returning from a pleasure ride with few companions, was passing the Torriani quarter on his way back to his camp outside of Porta Comasina, northwest of the city, when he heard unusual noise of voices, weapons and horses, and through an open door he could see a congregation of men in full armour. Leopold sent his men back to his camp with the command to arm his followers, and went to king Henry, who was residing in the city palace, to warn him of the impending attack. Henry sent his brother
395:. The Austrian reinforcements had been delayed by barricades erected by the rebels at Porta Comasina. The Visconti reinforcement likewise arrived suspiciously late, in what was afterwards taken to imply at least passive support of the uprising. When the reinforcements arrived in the Torriani quarter, the fight there was mostly over. The soldiers now went on to loot the Torriani residences in a massacre that continued until nightfall.
20:
375:
and John of Calcea rode to the
Visconti palace and from there to the Torriani quarter, where they were immediately engaged in heavy combat. Henry remained in the palace, and ordered the palace gates to be barricaded, just in time before the arrival of an armed mob.
411:
was also accused of supporting the uprising, mostly by his enemy John of
Cermenate. Unlike Guido della Torre and his sons, who had escaped the city, Matteo Visconti appeared before Henry to receive judgement. The fact that his son
478:) emphasise the valour of the German knights in the fight against the rebels, Milanese historiography tended to depict the reprisals as the Germans unexpectedly assaulting the Torriani in their own homes. An 1895 drawing by
383:
arrived, and in a single charge killed or dispersed most of the rebels. The German chronicles are unanimous in praising the bravery and valour of the knights in this attack, and especially their leader, the
442:
lands and rights, and attempted to replace communal regulations with imperial laws. Nevertheless, Henry managed to restore some semblance of imperial power in parts of northern Italy. Cities such as
416:
had supported
Leopold against the rebels counted in Matteo's favour. Both Matteo and Galeazzo were still briefly exiled from the city, suggesting that Henry was not fully convinced of their loyalty.
72:
351:, the ousted former rulers of Milan, who returned from exile. Guido della Torre, who had thrown the Visconti out of Milan, objected and organised a revolt against Henry.
65:
438:
In the aftermath of the uprising, the Guelph cities of
Northern Italy were turned against Henry, resisting the enforcement of his imperial claims on what had become
689:
674:
664:
58:
684:
599:"I Torriani sono inaspettatamento assaliti dalle truppe Tedesche nelle proprie case, e scacciati per sempre da Milano" Francesco Pirevano,
347:
on 6 January 1311. The Tuscan
Guelphs refused to attend the ceremony, and began preparing for resistance. Henry also rehabilitated the
659:
654:
644:
501:
332:
265:
225:
679:
581:
Jones, Michael, The New
Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. VI: c. 1300-c. 1415, Cambridge University Press, 2000, 533f.
649:
360:
143:
40:
24:
424:
44:
669:
250:
205:
431:
was given the title of lieutenant general of
Lombardy, and was given the right to collect the imperial tax at
282:
275:
639:
392:
316:
170:
83:
32:
123:
260:
133:
128:
364:
220:
118:
372:
368:
255:
230:
210:
155:
108:
439:
428:
413:
404:
299:
292:
215:
28:
479:
185:
623:
619:
420:
408:
348:
324:
287:
190:
138:
604:
555:
474:
380:
320:
240:
175:
160:
103:
590:
Christopher
Kleinhenz, Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1, Routledge, 2004, p. 495.
245:
235:
180:
165:
343:
Henry had arrived in Milan some weeks earlier, on 23 December 1310, and had been crowned
468:
447:
113:
36:
403:
Guido della Torre escaped, and was condemned to death in absence by Henry. Archbishop
50:
633:
344:
552:
Die
Romfahrt Kaiser Heinrich's VII im Bildercyclus des Codex Balduini Trevirensis
490:. The Torriani houses damaged or destroyed by the Germans gave rise to the name
432:
516:
503:
385:
419:
The
Visconti were soon returned to power, however, with Henry appointing
27:, ca. 1340). German knights identified by their coats of arms include
451:
423:
as the Imperial vicar of Milan. He also imposed his brother-in-law,
455:
443:
18:
482:
with the title "Assault on the houses of the Torriani in Milan" (
19:
331:
faction) on 12 February 1311 was crushed by the troops of King
54:
371:, southwest of the city, while a group of knights led by
494:("broken houses") of that part of the city (modern
39:leading the charge into the enemy knights, besides
23:The battle and the subsequent judgement by Henry (
484:assalto alle case dei Torriani a Milano, nel 1311
577:
575:
573:
66:
31:at the center, killing a Torriani leader and
8:
616:Der Römerzug König Heinrichs von Lützelburg
367:to fetch the German troops camped outside
73:
59:
51:
486:) was included in Francesco Bertolini's
546:
544:
542:
538:
7:
690:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
675:Battles involving the Teutonic Order
427:, as the vicar-general in Lombardy.
379:At the same time, the contingent of
665:Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
14:
466:While German chronicles (such as
1:
685:Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
614:Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold,
359:Around noon of 12 February,
706:
25:Codex Balduini Trevirensis
660:Military history of Milan
618:, vol. 1 (1830), book 3,
327:(hence also known as the
93:
567:Barthold (1830), p. 437.
655:14th-century rebellions
458:all accepted his rule.
393:Konrad von Gundelfingen
388:of Franconia and later
361:Duke Leopold of Austria
85:Guelphs and Ghibellines
33:Konrad von Gundelfingen
48:
645:14th century in Italy
601:Nuova Guida di Milano
150:Reign of Frederick II
22:
680:Rebellions in Italy
513: /
429:Wernher von Homberg
405:Cassone della Torre
29:Wernher von Homberg
517:45.4669°N 9.1909°E
480:Lodovico Pogliaghi
266:Henry VII campaign
49:
41:Leopold of Austria
650:Conflicts in 1311
622:(esp. chapter 6,
421:Matteo I Visconti
409:Matteo I Visconti
373:Henry of Flandres
335:on the same day.
325:Guido della Torre
308:
307:
288:War of the Bucket
16:Medieval uprising
697:
607:
597:
591:
588:
582:
579:
568:
565:
559:
548:
528:
527:
525:
524:
523:
518:
514:
511:
510:
509:
506:
475:Gesta Treverorum
425:Amadeus of Savoy
381:Teutonic Knights
241:Sicilian Vespers
226:Colle Val d'Elsa
88:
86:
75:
68:
61:
52:
45:Amadeus of Savoy
705:
704:
700:
699:
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695:
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670:Cavalry charges
630:
629:
611:
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598:
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562:
549:
540:
535:
522:45.4669; 9.1909
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519:
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488:Storia d'Italia
464:
401:
357:
341:
309:
304:
89:
84:
81:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
703:
701:
693:
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687:
682:
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672:
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640:1311 in Europe
632:
631:
628:
627:
609:
608:
592:
583:
569:
560:
537:
536:
534:
531:
496:Via Case Rotte
469:Codex Balduini
463:
462:Historiography
460:
400:
397:
390:Deutschmeister
356:
353:
340:
337:
306:
305:
303:
302:
297:
296:
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280:
279:
278:
273:
271:Milan uprising
263:
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251:Pieve al Toppo
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94:
91:
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63:
55:
37:Teutonic Order
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
702:
691:
688:
686:
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681:
678:
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663:
661:
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646:
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638:
637:
635:
625:
624:469–488
621:
620:407–542
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613:
612:
606:
602:
596:
593:
587:
584:
578:
576:
574:
570:
564:
561:
557:
553:
550:Georg Irmer,
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530:
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391:
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354:
352:
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345:King of Italy
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202:
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200:-Frederick II
199:
192:
189:
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184:
182:
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130:
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110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:-Frederick II
98:
92:
87:
76:
71:
69:
64:
62:
57:
56:
53:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
615:
600:
595:
586:
563:
551:
495:
491:
487:
483:
473:
467:
465:
437:
418:
407:was exiled.
402:
389:
378:
369:Porta Romana
358:
342:
328:
312:
310:
270:
197:
196:
195:
149:
148:
129:Monte Porzio
96:
95:
82:Wars of the
556:43–46
520: /
319:faction in
221:Tagliacozzo
134:Alessandria
634:Categories
533:References
505:45°28′01″N
492:case rotte
339:Background
256:Campaldino
231:Roccavione
211:Montaperti
156:Cortenuova
508:9°11′27″E
399:Aftermath
386:commander
333:Henry VII
300:Gamenario
293:Zappolino
216:Benevento
144:Calcinato
603:(1822),
554:(1881),
440:communal
414:Galeazzo
355:Uprising
349:Visconti
329:Torriani
313:uprising
186:Fossalta
433:Flüelen
365:Baldwin
323:led by
315:of the
283:Soncino
276:Brescia
206:Cassano
191:Cingoli
176:Viterbo
161:Brescia
139:Legnano
119:Carcano
109:Spoleto
104:Tortona
35:of the
452:Verona
317:Guelph
261:Lastra
171:Giglio
166:Faenza
456:Padua
444:Parma
321:Milan
246:Forli
236:Desio
181:Parma
124:Milan
114:Crema
43:and
605:26f.
472:and
454:and
448:Lodi
198:Post
529:).
311:An
97:Pre
636::
626:).
572:^
541:^
498:,
450:,
446:,
435:.
558:.
74:e
67:t
60:v
47:.
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