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at longer ranges may damage the self-loading mechanism. Some self-loading rifles require externally lubricated cartridges vulnerable to dirt adhesion. Any reliability problems causing failure of the self-loading mechanism to function as designed may eliminate the advantage of increased hits per unit of time, and may actually reduce the comparative rate of fire below what is possible with manually-loaded rifles if the self-loading rifle is not designed for convenient manual-loading. The
1176:. There are various types of sport shooting, ranging from rapid fire shooting, target shooting, which is predominantly accuracy based, and distance shooting. Shooting clubs in America became increasingly commonplace in the 1830s, and have since grown in popularity. Semi-automatic rifles are commonly used in sport shooting events because of their accuracy, versatility, and their light weight- which has invited more people, specifically women and children, to compete as well.
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upon the magazine capacity and the availability of detachable magazines, but semi-automatic rifles can typically more than double the number of hits from comparable manually-loaded rifles at close range and increase the number of hits by about 50 percent at longer distances which require more precise aiming. Firing for prolonged periods may increase this advantage as the manual-loading process can cause
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The primary advantage of self-loading rifles is the possibility of increasing the number of effective shots fired within any given time period by avoiding the necessity for changing the aiming position of the rifle to manually chamber new cartridges. The actual number of hits per unit of time depends
1188:
to take advantage of their compact design and modularity, effectively making it easier to traverse rugged terrain while tracking a target. And providing a large variety of customization ranging from scopes and muzzle devices, to different calibers. Semi-automatic fire greatly assists in maintaining
927:
The time required for changing or reloading magazines can weaken the effectiveness of a rifle, as it imposes an effective duration limit on the continuous rate of fire of any rifle. High-capacity magazines increase the weight of the rifle, and typically reduce feeding reliability due to the varying
900:
The self-loading mechanism tuned for cartridges of specified dimensions and power may fail to reload dirty or bent cartridges that will otherwise fire satisfactorily. The self-loading mechanism may fail to extract empty low-power cartridge cases useful for training, and high-power cartridges useful
497:
In 1883, two Danes, Madsen and
Rasmussen started work on recoil operated self loading designs and in 1887 a working rifle had been developed and was later named as the M1888 Forsøgsrekylgevær and was tested by the Danish military however was rejected for military use. After failing trials a new
1189:
one's sight picture, which is especially important when follow-up shots are required. Due to their demand, the manufacturers of semi-automatic firearms have greatly increased the effective firing distance of their products, compared to the first semi-automatics sold on the civilian market.
300:, who unveiled his design in 1885 based on work begun in 1883. Other non-gas operated semi-automatic models were the Model 85 and Mannlicher Models 91, 93 and 95 rifles. The designs were deeply flawed and never made past the conceptual/prototype stage due to issues inherent to the
735:
cartridge, and the SKS, along with its
Chinese copy, the Type 56, is one of the most popular semi-automatic rifles. By the end of World War II, however, semi-automatic rifles had been largely superseded in military usage by their fully automatic counterparts - weapons such as the
790:. Ultimately, automatic rifles would become standard in military usage, as their firepower was superior to that of a semi-automatic rifle, but both semi-automatics and even bolt actions are still used worldwide in military service in specific roles, such as
552:
models, and gained popularity among civilians as well as some law enforcement officials who appreciated the combination of a semi-automatic action and relatively powerful rifle cartridges. In 1936 the Model 81 superseded the Model 8, and was offered in
498:
design was developed labeled as the M1896 Flaadens
Rekylgevær. It was tested by the Danish military and found to be reliable enough and 60 were procured for the Danish navy making it one of the first military adopted semi auto rifles.
711:
in relatively small numbers. In practice, they did not replace the bolt-action rifle as a standard infantry weapon of their respective nations - Germany produced 402,000 Gewehr 43 rifles, and over 14,000,000 of the Kar98k.
677:. After years of research and testing, the first production model of the M1 Garand was unveiled in 1937 and the first production model was cleared on July 21 of the same year. During
1569:
Small Arms of the World: The Basic Manual of
Military Small Arms, American, Soviet, British, Czech, German, French, Belgian, Italian, Swiss, Japanese, and All Other Important Nations
296:. In 1884 another recoil-operated semi-automatic rifle was patented by Horace Updegraff. Another one of the first designs of a recoil-operated semi-automatic rifle is attributed to
1201:. Most semi-automatic rifles are rather lightweight and simple to operate, without compromising accuracy. Semi-automatic rifles are able to quickly dispatch multiple targets in a
943:
cartridge in recognition of the difficulties of producing reliable self-loading mechanisms for more powerful cartridges. Although the M1 Garand was ultimately adapted to fire the
649:
Semi-Automatic Rifle with original spike bayonet and leather sheath. The 10-round rotary magazine could be quickly reloaded using two clips of .30 Caliber M2 Ball ammunition.
607:, where it did not receive a favorable reception among troops. However, its shortened and improved version, the Model 1918, gave complete satisfaction during the Moroccan
802:, whose lighter bullets allowed more to be carried at once, but where semi-automatic rifles continue to be used, they are usually in higher calibers, such as the
1172:, and as weapons that demanded user accuracy developed, so did their usage in competitions. Today, semi-automatic rifles are one of the more popular firearms in
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
888:. The additional weight of springs and fittings using a portion of the cartridge energy to reload self-loading rifles have the additional advantage of reducing
931:
The complexity of a self-loading mechanism makes self-loading rifles more expensive to manufacture and heavier than manually-loaded rifles. The semi-automatic
316:
became widespread. Mannlicher's designs were, nonetheless, the forerunner of automatic rifles and served as a base for a number of future weapons, such as
86:
951:, most subsequent self-loading rifles for infantry use have been chambered for less powerful cartridges to reduce weight making rifles easier to carry.
1915:
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rifle was historically significant as it became the first gas-operated semi-automatic rifle to be adopted by a country as their standard issued
509:
and
Richard Paulson as well a gas operated conversion system from an American inventor called Henry Pitcher. Designs also developed such as the
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49:
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Gradually, military doctrine placed less emphasis on individual marksmanship, as a large volume of fire was deemed more important - during
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spring tension from a full to a nearly empty magazine. Detachable magazines in general are usually less durable than internal magazines.
1934:
681:, the M1 Garand gave American infantrymen an advantage over their opponents, most of whom were issued slower firing bolt-action rifles.
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The self-loading design was a successor to earlier rifles that required manual cycling of the weapon after each shot, such as the
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
1953:
751:
238:
Drawing of the
Mannlicher 1885 semi-automatic rifle by Ferdinand Mannlicher, one of the earliest semi-automatic rifle designs.
2015:
387:
1972:
332:). Furthermore, from the early 1890s up until his death in 1904, Mannlicher produced smokeless powder versions of its guns.
272:
and uses part of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the case and load another cartridge into the chamber. In contrast, a
1688:
Wallin, B. (2018, November 13). The
Legendary M1 Garand Rifle: “Best Battle Implement Ever Devised.” Varnum Continentals.
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regarded the reliable rate of fire from manually-loaded rifles to be nearly as high as self-loading rifles as recently as
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2020:
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Semi-automatic rifles have grown in status among hunters. Many hunters are adopting semi-automatic rifles, particularly
599:. This is a locked breech, gas-operated action which is similar in its mechanical principles to the subsequent American
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where the greater accuracy compared to automatics is valued. Furthermore, to accommodate for this greater firepower,
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782:, which was well liked by troops, as the 30-round, selective fire rifle gave them much more flexibility than their
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524:". Remington advertised this rifle, renamed the "Model 8" in 1911, as a sporting rifle. It was sold in Europe by
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1205:. Most semi-automatic rifles also have sights which can be adjusted for range, providing versatility.
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450:, the Model 1903 achieved commercial success and continued to be manufactured until 1932, when the
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Target shooting has a long history, pre-dating the firearm, as the first example of it would be
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619:, also a bolt action, despite the various semi-automatic rifles designed between 1918 and 1935.
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Other nations experimented with self-loading rifles during the interwar period, including the
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Shortly after the
MondragĂłn rifle was produced, France had its own semi-automatic rifle, the
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rifle requires the user to cycle the bolt manually before they can fire a second time, and a
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Another gas-operated semi-automatic rifle developed toward the end of World War II was the
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In the final years of the 19th century and early 20th century experiments and patents with
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1802:"What makes a gun semi-automatic? Key gun terms explained as House passes new legislation"
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2000:
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770:, American ground forces fired approximately 25,000 rounds for each enemy killed. In the
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became imminent, shifting its emphasis to speeding up re-armament with existing weapons.
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1227:- certain semi-automatic rifles are classified as assault weapons in some jurisdictions
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during self-loading. Slamfire discharges are unlikely to hit the target, and may cause
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it was 200,000. The first fully automatic rifle to see widespread usage was the German
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1916:"Semi-auto "Assault" Rifle Defense in Waukegan, Illinois: two killed in Home Invasion"
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weighs about 410 grams (0.9 lb) more (seven percent heavier) than the manually-loaded
2009:
1676:
Repeating and Multi-Fire
Weapons: A History from the Zhuge Crossbow Through the AK-47
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counterpart. Both the Model 1905 and Model 1907 saw limited military and police use.
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572:, making Mexico the first nation to use a semi-automatic rifle in battle, in 1911.
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it replaced. American development of a self-loading infantry rifle began with the
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871:. The ability to automatically load the next round results in an increase in the
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semi-automatic rifle issued in limited number to the French Armed Forces during
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By the early 20th century, several manufacturers had introduced semi-automatic
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845:. This enables another round to be fired once the trigger is depressed again.
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477:, all using the direct blowback system of operation. Winchester introduced a
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https://varnumcontinentals.org/2016/10/feature-article-legendary-m1-garand/
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limited the viability of widespread deployment of semi-automatic rifles.
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remained the standard French infantry rifle until replaced in 1936 by the
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described the M1 Garand as "the greatest battle implement ever devised."
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energy to eject the spent cartridge after the round has moved down the
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390: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
309:
1601:"An Official Journal Of The NRA | Snapshot: Winchester's Rimfire Rout"
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with a self-loading rifle, but this plan had to be discarded when the
1935:"AR15 style Rifle in 6.8 SPC used in Self Defense Against Black Bear"
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568:, designated the M1908. The rifle was used by Mexican forces in the
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Mannlicher Rifles and
Pistols: Famous Sporting and Military Weapons
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German Automatic Rifles 1941-45: Gew 41, Gew 43, FG 42 and StG 44
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Information Strategy and Warfare: A Guide to Theory and Practice
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1973:"Why semi-Automatic Rifles are a Good Choice for Home Defense"
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1954:"Semi-Automatic Rifle Used in Defense Against Home Invaders"
1566:
Smith, Walter Harold Black; Smith, Joseph Edward (1960).
312:. Automatic firearms would only become feasible after
603:. The M1917 was fielded during the latter stages of
528:
as the "FN Browning 1900". This is a locked-breech,
304:
used in their cartridges (based around the Austrian
848:Semi-automatic rifles can be efficiently fed by an
912:Semi-automatic rifles are uniquely susceptible to
731:. It was the first widely issued rifle to use the
280:fires continuously until the trigger is released.
1588:. Morgan-Grampian (Publishers). 1893. p. 14.
626:, which had intended to replace the bolt-action
308:), such as insufficient velocity and excessive
1197:Semi-automatic rifles are sometimes used for
727:and could be loaded with ten rounds, using a
8:
557:as well as the original Remington calibers.
446:to function semi-automatically. Designed by
292:patented a recoil-operated conversion of a
87:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
611:from 1920 to 1926. Still, the bolt-action
1466:Jewison, Glenn; Steiner, Jörg C. (2010).
665:M1 Garand was developed by Canadian-born
406:Learn how and when to remove this message
180:Learn how and when to remove this message
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1893:Brenton Performance Grade Hunting Rifles
1219:not to be confused with "Assault weapon"
916:malfunctions caused by abrupt cartridge
774:, this was raised to 50,000, and in the
233:
1330:
1325:. New York: William Morrow and Company.
1159:Civilian uses for semi-automatic rifles
947:cartridge at the insistence of General
587:in 1936 and initially produced for the
1914:Weingarten, Dean (29 September 2020).
837:, chambering a new cartridge from its
522:Remington Auto-loading Repeating Rifle
1486:"The 1885 Assault Rifle | WeaponsMan"
7:
1952:Weingarten, Dean (20 October 2020).
1933:Weingarten, Dean (13 October 2020).
1800:Price, Jessica Taylor (2022-06-10).
388:adding citations to reliable sources
1971:McGough, Steven (11 January 2013).
1887:Brenton, Bartt (28 December 2017).
84:This article contains wording that
426:(non-gas operated) semi-automatic
89:without imparting real information
25:
18:Military-style semiautomatic rifle
1889:"5 Reasons to Hunt with an AR-15"
1468:"Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher"
723:in 1945, it came equipped with a
420:Winchester Repeating Arms Company
45:This article has multiple issues.
1753:. Osprey Publishing. p. 65.
1738:. Osprey Publishing. p. 19.
1543:"Mannlicher 1885 Semiauto Rifle"
364:
125:
75:
34:
1723:. Osprey Publishing. p. 4.
1520:. Military Service Publishing.
1152:Smith & Wesson M&P15-22
669:for the U.S. government at the
422:introduced the first low-power
375:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1851:Johnson (1944) pp.41,71&79
1605:An Official Journal Of The NRA
1:
1765:Jane's Guns Recognition Guide
1674:Prenderghast, Gerald (2018).
1599:Association, National Rifle.
1307:List of semi-automatic rifles
597:Fusil Automatique Modele 1917
442:operated on the principle of
341:Fusil Automatique Modele 1917
1767:. Jane's Information Group.
1541:McCollum, Ian (2015-05-06).
479:.351 Winchester Self-Loading
1514:Smith, Walter H.B. (1947).
1472:austro-hungarian-army.co.uk
1381:"Definition of BOLT-ACTION"
817:Semi-automatic weapons use
536:. The rifle was offered in
493:Early semi-automatic rifles
2037:
792:designated marksman rifles
721:Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov
675:Springfield, Massachusetts
481:semi-automatic rifle, the
249:carrying the Czechoslovak
1861:Encyclopedia Britannica.
1842:Johnson (1944) pp.352-357
1789:. Routledge. p. 150.
1702:"Firsts: Springfield 375"
1678:. McFarland. p. 169.
1405:"Definition of AUTOMATIC"
27:Type of autoloading rifle
1806:Northeastern Global News
1719:Thompson, Leroy (2012).
798:were mostly replaced by
699:, as well as the German
683:General George S. Patton
1867:Encyclopedia Britannica
1785:Arquilla, John (2007).
1409:www.merriam-webster.com
1385:www.merriam-webster.com
1323:Rifles and Machine Guns
1258:Personal defense weapon
1047:Heckler & Koch PSG1
875:the operator can fire.
356:Blowback semi-automatic
134:Some of this article's
1751:Mauser Military Rifles
1704:. 2011. Archived from
1433:www.dulwichsociety.com
1290:Semi-automatic shotgun
1280:Semi-automatic firearm
1082:Springfield Armory M1A
1062:Heckler & Koch SL6
1057:Heckler & Koch SL7
1052:Heckler & Koch SL8
763:
703:, were semi-automatic
653:In 1936, the American
650:
613:Lebel Model 1886 rifle
592:
589:United States military
503:Gas-operated reloading
418:In 1903 and 1905, the
352:
268:with each pull of the
253:
239:
231:
217:
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2016:Semi-automatic rifles
2001:Early Semiauto Rifles
1734:McNab, Chris (2013).
1339:"Chapter 3: Firearms"
1285:Semi-automatic pistol
1246:Semi-automatic pistol
1137:Winchester Model 1907
754:
707:rifles issued during
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578:
440:Winchester Model 1905
436:Winchester Model 1903
338:
278:fully automatic rifle
245:
237:
223:
209:
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1749:Grant, Niel (2015).
1572:. Stackpole Company.
1127:Remington Model 7400
841:, and resetting the
505:were developed from
384:improve this article
298:Ferdinand Mannlicher
264:that fires a single
258:semi-automatic rifle
2021:Austrian inventions
1833:Johnson (1944) p.43
1824:Johnson (1944) p.45
1092:M1941 Johnson rifle
1067:Farquhar-Hill Rifle
647:M1941 Johnson rifle
638:Gas-operated rifles
532:action designed by
452:Winchester Model 63
247:Prague Castle Guard
1763:Hogg, Ian (2002).
1708:on March 14, 2012.
1652:Woodall, Cameron.
1625:"Madsen-Rasmussen"
1319:Johnson, Melvin M.
1186:AR-15 style rifles
945:.30-06 Springfield
786:, the bolt action
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697:SVT-38, and SVT-40
671:Springfield Armory
651:
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570:Mexican Revolution
471:Fabrique Nationale
461:rifles, including
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1547:Forgotten Weapons
1360:"27 CFR § 478.11"
1273:Bolt-action rifle
1253:AR-15 style rifle
1132:Remington Model 8
982:General Liu rifle
949:Douglas MacArthur
937:M1903 Springfield
922:collateral damage
873:rounds per minute
865:bolt-action rifle
854:external magazine
560:In 1908, General
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520:introduced the "
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962:MondragĂłn rifle
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534:John Browning
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346:
343:was an early
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19:
1980:. Retrieved
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1966:
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1947:
1938:
1928:
1919:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1892:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1866:
1856:
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1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1795:
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1780:
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1750:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1706:the original
1696:
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1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1647:
1633:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:
1594:
1585:The Engineer
1584:
1578:
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1561:
1550:. Retrieved
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1509:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:the original
1489:
1480:
1471:
1461:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1322:
1316:
1218:
1199:self-defense
1196:
1193:Self defense
1183:
1167:
1107:MAS-49 rifle
1102:vz. 52 rifle
992:Type 4 rifle
967:Mauser M1916
930:
926:
918:acceleration
911:
907:World War II
899:
882:
862:
850:en-bloc clip
847:
823:blow-forward
816:
768:World War II
765:
714:
709:World War II
705:gas-operated
687:
679:World War II
663:gas-operated
652:
621:
594:
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500:
496:
456:
448:T.C. Johnson
434:rifles. The
417:
402:
396:January 2023
393:
382:Please help
377:verification
374:
302:black powder
287:
257:
255:
251:vz. 52 rifle
176:
158:
149:
138:
105:
96:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1302:Single-shot
1117:Ruger 10/22
1022:Hakim rifle
807:Barrett M82
776:Vietnam War
761:Barrett M82
667:John Garand
628:Lee–Enfield
605:World War I
585:John Garand
555:.300 Savage
550:.35 caliber
530:long recoil
511:Cei-Rigotti
507:Hiram Maxim
475:Savage Arms
349:World War I
290:Hiram Maxim
274:bolt-action
197:Ruger 10/22
139:may not be
2010:Categories
1982:29 October
1899:29 October
1872:29 October
1863:"Shooting"
1811:2024-09-14
1610:2022-05-23
1552:2020-10-21
1500:2021-03-27
1438:2024-09-04
1414:2022-05-23
1390:2022-05-23
1313:References
1077:M1 Carbine
1042:L1A1 Rifle
879:Advantages
772:Korean War
526:FN Herstal
483:Model 1907
463:Winchester
432:centerfire
213:Type 56 -
152:March 2024
99:March 2024
50:improve it
1097:Gewehr 41
1007:Gewehr 43
987:M1 Garand
972:M1917 RSC
933:M1 Garand
813:Operation
733:7.62Ă—39mm
701:Gewehr 43
655:M1 Garand
601:M1 Garand
581:M1 Garand
516:In 1906,
513:in 1900.
467:Remington
288:In 1883,
266:cartridge
215:7.62Ă—39mm
56:talk page
1958:Ammoland
1939:Ammoland
1920:Ammoland
1659:9 August
1321:(1944).
1241:Revolver
1209:See also
914:slamfire
839:magazine
827:blowback
444:blowback
424:blowback
318:Browning
141:reliable
1641:. 2013.
1627:. 2015.
1365:July 1,
1344:July 1,
1297:Shotgun
1231:Firearm
1180:Hunting
1170:archery
1017:Ag m/42
886:fatigue
804:.50 BMG
759:with a
725:bayonet
609:Rif War
428:rimfire
310:fouling
284:History
270:trigger
1771:
1524:
1236:Pistol
1012:SVT-40
890:recoil
843:action
835:barrel
831:recoil
780:StG 44
757:Marine
742:FN FAL
693:AVS-36
690:Soviet
661:. The
617:MAS-36
548:, and
473:, and
345:French
260:is an
1263:Rifle
1147:ZH-29
1037:AR-15
1032:AR-10
856:, or
755:U.S.
738:AK-47
326:M1919
322:M1917
1984:2019
1901:2019
1874:2019
1769:ISBN
1661:2020
1522:ISBN
1367:2022
1346:2022
744:and
688:The
579:The
438:and
430:and
339:The
328:and
997:SKS
867:or
829:or
819:gas
746:M16
717:SKS
673:in
546:.32
542:.30
538:.25
487:.22
459:.22
386:by
211:SKS
2012::
1975:.
1956:.
1937:.
1918:.
1891:.
1865:.
1804:.
1603:.
1545:.
1488:.
1470:.
1431:.
1407:.
1383:.
924:.
909:.
892:.
860:.
852:,
825:,
821:,
809:.
740:,
695:,
591:.
544:,
540:,
469:,
465:,
330:M2
324:,
256:A
227:-
199:-
59:.
1986:.
1960:.
1941:.
1922:.
1903:.
1876:.
1814:.
1775:.
1663:.
1613:.
1555:.
1530:.
1503:.
1455:.
1441:.
1417:.
1393:.
1369:.
1348:.
1221:)
1217:(
409:)
403:(
398:)
394:(
380:.
351:.
183:)
177:(
165:)
159:(
154:)
150:(
144:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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