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Although it is not clear from the certificate whether Lt. Bruzagli did in fact participate in the battles or the award was honorary, we know from photographic sources that he was aboard one of the ships which contributing to the naval bombardment and blockade of Port Arthur in 1904. He was with the
53:
These decorations were effectively abolished during the Allied
Occupation of Japan in the post-war years (1945–1951). The plausible re-institution of a modern equivalent was made unlikely by the adoption of Japan's post-war Constitution which disavows the right of the state to engage in aggressive
445:
Japanese participation in World War I was commemorated by medals created on
November 6, 1915 by Imperial Edict No. 203. Two very similar medals were issued, one for service in 1914-15 and the other for the period 1914-20. If a person earned both they could only wear the latter.
97:
aborigines in
December 1871 in southern Taiwan. In seeking restitution from Qing China, Japan reached an impasse when the Chinese claimed that they were not responsible for the actions of the aborigines in territory that was nominally under Chinese sovereignty.
105:
in May 1874. The
Japanese won a decisive victory at the Battle of Stone Gate on 22 May 1874. Thirty aborigines were either killed or mortally wounded in the battle, and a great number wounded. Japanese casualties were six killed and thirty wounded.
515:
Established by
Imperial Edict #406 on 17 September 1920, it was one of the series of Inter-allied Victory Medals created and awarded by the victorious allies after World War I. Thirteen nations in all issued a version of the medal.
336:, Lieutenant of the Italian Navy, on application by the Naval Minister of Japan and with the Emperor's approval, pursuant to the Regulation Relating to the Medals Honoring Participation in Battles (1904-05). Dated April 1, 1906."
348:
An image of the front of the medal itself is shown at the bottom center of the certificate—crossed Army and Navy flags on either side of the
Imperial Crysanthemum crest above and the Imperial Paulownia crest below.
50:, formerly awarded to all military personnel who participated in battles in a war. These war medals and accompanying certificates specifically identify the conflict for which the decoration will have been awarded.
1686:
1679:
805:
was created on June 21, 1944 by
Imperial Edict No. 417. Because of the late date in the war it appears none were actually awarded to veterans. However many later replicas exist.
249:
Imperial Edict No. 142 was issued on April 21, 1901 ordering a commemorative medal for those who had participated in the relief of the
Beijing legations during the Boxer Rebellion.
1250:
1812:
1672:
1321:
655:
12-20 (1937–1945). An amendment was promulgated by
Imperial Edict No. 418 in 1944; and the decoration was abolished in 1946 by government ordinance No. 177.
1664:
645:
medal was created by
Imperial Edit No. 496 on July 27, 1939; and was awarded for service in China at any time from the 12th through the 20th years of the
353:
Japanese naval forces which aided in the capture of that strategic objective. Photographic records also place Burzagli with the entourage of the Japanese
1223:
310:
was ordered on March 31, 1906 by Imperial Edict No. 51 in recognition of those who served in the war which occurred during the 37th and 38th years of the
1353:
903:
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188:. After more than six months of continuous successes by the Japanese army and naval forces, as well as the loss of the Chinese port of
1602:
1635:
85:
The Japanese expedition of 1874 to Taiwan Province, also referred to as the Taiwan Expedition of 1874, was in response to the
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911:
109:
In November 1874 the Japanese forces withdrew from Taiwan after the Qing government agreed to an indemnity of 500,000 Kuping
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Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America.
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The First Sino–Japanese War, which lasted from 1 August 1894 to 17 April 1895, was fought between
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391:, Italian Naval Attaché, in recognition of his participation in fleet operations during the
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670:(中国), media in Japan often paraphrase it with other expressions like Japan-China Incident
646:
852:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
1761:
977:
971:
650:
343:"After review of this certificate, has been recorded on the Roll of Medals of Honor."
181:
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311:
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1310:
1786:
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315:
1235:"A Victory for the Chinese; Japanese Driven with Heavy Loss from Ping-yang"
320:
37-38 (1904–1905). This is more commonly known as the Russo-Japanese War.
274:
262:
217:
205:
138:
126:
365:
in January 1905, and with the occupying Japanese forces in January 1905.
662:
still uses "China Incident" in formal documents, albeit with the word
1776:
1061:
189:
1594:
Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001).
101:
The Japanese government sent an expedition of 3,600 soldiers led by
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902:
358:
185:
174:
378:
110:
1668:
323:
A rough translation of the body of the document explains:
1354:"Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years,"
1251:
Barry, Richard. "The Passing of Japan's Supreme Genius,"
54:
war; but on-going political pressure for an amendment to
46:
was a military decoration for meritorious service to the
1062:
Aboard Japanese war ship en route to Port Arthur, 1904.
914:
in Manchuria with Japanese forces commanded by General
192:, the Qing leadership sued for peace in February 1895.
617:
Ribbon bar of the 1937–1945 China Incident War Medal
563:
Ribbon bar of the 1931–1934 China Incident War Medal
1769:
1709:
1610:Japanese Infantryman 1937-45: Sword of the Empire.
1166:Japanese Infantryman 1937-45: Sword of the Empire,
435:Ribbon bar of the 1914–1920 First World War Medal
730:is now construed by China as a derogatory term.
1607:Rottman, Gordon L. and Michael Welply. (2005).
1571:
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31:
1680:
1144:
1142:
1073:Admiral Yamamoto Gombei visiting Dalny, 1905.
8:
1297:Prominent People of the Maritime Provinces,
296:1904–05 Russo-Japanese War Medal ribbon bar
58:renders that prospect marginally possible.
1687:
1673:
1665:
1642:is unmentioned in current system of honors
160:1894–95 Sino-Japanese War Medal ribbon bar
332:) is hereby given, on March 30, 1906, to
1813:Military awards and decorations of Japan
1703:Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan
1125:"Copy of Allied Victory Medal 1914-1918"
778:
612:
558:
506:
430:
291:
234:
155:
75:1874 Formosa Expedition Medal ribbon bar
70:
1084:War's destruction at Port Arthur, 1905.
1015:The Island of Formosa, Past and Present
1001:
56:Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution
1018:. London: Macmillan and Co. pp.
81:Japanese Expedition of 1874 to Taiwan
7:
783:Great East Asia War Medal ribbon bar
522:Allied First World War Victory Medal
497:Allied First World War Victory Medal
1278:Australian Dictionary of Biography:
811:1941–1945 Great East Asia War Medal
769:1941–1945 Great East Asia War Medal
968:, American Military Attaché, 1906.
736:1937–1945 China Incident War Medal
609:1937–1945 China Incident War Medal
576:1931–1934 China Incident War Medal
555:1931–1934 China Incident War Medal
14:
119:1874 Formosa Expedition War Medal
67:1874 Formosa Expedition War Medal
1760:
1696:
1338:"Words to Live By: Hiroo Onoda,"
829:
817:
754:
742:
666:(支那) replaced in the present by
594:
582:
540:
528:
511:Allied victory medal ribbon bar.
482:
470:
458:
412:
400:
387:certificate given to Lieutenant
377:
371:1904–05 Russo-Japanese War Medal
288:1904–05 Russo-Japanese War Medal
273:
261:
216:
204:
137:
125:
1818:Military of the Empire of Japan
940:British Indian Military Attaché
427:1914–1920 First World War Medal
239:1900 Boxer War Medal ribbon bar
198:1894–95 Sino-Japanese War Medal
152:1894–95 Sino-Japanese War Medal
1722:Order of the Paulownia Flowers
936:Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton
357:visiting the captured city of
1:
1309:Arlington National Cemetery:
1197:The Great East Asia War Medal
787:The Great East Asia War Medal
452:1914–20 First World War Medal
1732:Order of the Sacred Treasure
184:, primarily over control of
1742:Order of the Precious Crown
1660:Japanese War Medals of WWII
1572:
1545:
1520:
1495:
1459:
1447:
1420:
1393:
950:Australian Military Attaché
797:
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698:
680:
637:
38:
1834:
1717:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1655:Japanese War Medals of WWI
1359:September 26, 1997; Guam:
1343:(Tokyo). January 16, 2007.
1311:Granville Roland Foretscue
966:Granville Roland Fortescue
847:
772:
620:
566:
500:
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299:
242:
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89:. Fifty-four shipwrecked
78:
19:For the civil awards, see
18:
1758:
1710:Current honors and orders
1566:
1539:
1514:
1489:
1468:
1441:
1414:
1387:
1222:Senato della Repubblica:
1179:Great East Asia War Medal
960:Canadian Military Attaché
897:American Military Attaché
791:
710:
692:
674:
631:
32:
1792:Military Medals of Honor
1782:Order of the Golden Kite
1770:Former honors and orders
1747:Person of Cultural Merit
1509:Second Sino-Japanese War
1322:"The Last Last Soldier?"
1149:China Incident War Medal
1127:. The Fitzwilliam Museum
1051:Russo-Japanese War Medal
880:Italian Military Attaché
799:Daitōa sensō jūgun kishō
627:The China Incident Medal
623:Second Sino-Japanese War
1727:Order of the Rising Sun
1634:Japan, Cabinet Office:
1382:First Sino-Japanese War
1113:The 1914-1915 War Medal
893:Jeremiah Richard Wasson
166:First Sino-Japanese War
93:sailors were killed by
27:Military Medal of Honor
21:Medals of Honor (Japan)
1636:Decorations and Medals
1421:Daiichiji Sekai Taisen
1249:Honor awarded 1907 --
919:
784:
639:Sina jihen jūgun kishō
618:
564:
512:
436:
297:
240:
161:
87:Mudan Incident of 1871
76:
1534:Greater East Asia War
1352:Kristof, Nicholas D.
1208:National Diet Library
1095:First World War Medal
956:Herbert Cyril Thacker
906:
782:
616:
562:
510:
503:Victory Medal (Japan)
489:Back (second version)
434:
295:
238:
159:
74:
1547:Daitōa Sensō senkum
854:adding missing items
477:Back (first version)
355:Minister of the Navy
255:1900 Boxer War Medal
231:1900 Boxer War Medal
1436:Manchurian Incident
844:Selected recipients
660:Japanese government
328:"A medal of honor (
62:Japanese War Medals
1650:Production Process
1584:16-20 (1941–1945).
1557:16-20 (1941–1945).
1530:12-20 (1937–1945).
1366:2007-06-03 at the
1336:Kawaguchi, Judit.
1184:2008-09-01 at the
1100:2008-10-12 at the
1038:2008-10-12 at the
1010:Davidson, James W.
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437:
393:Russo-Japanese War
302:Russo-Japanese War
298:
241:
162:
77:
1800:
1799:
1623:978-1-84176-818-2
1615:Osprey Publishing
1505:6-20 (1931–1945).
1480:6-16 (1931–1941).
1405:28-29 (1894–1895)
1327:January 13, 1975.
1281:John Charles Hoad
1237:, New York Times,
946:John Charles Hoad
910:military attaché
1825:
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1737:Order of Culture
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1267:Kuroki, Tamemoto
1263:
1257:
1256:, July 29, 1906.
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1239:August 22, 1894.
1232:
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1224:Ernesto Burzagli
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858:reliable sources
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1033:Boxer War Medal
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916:Kuroki Tamemoto
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1395:Nisshin sensō
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1361:Shoichi Yokoi
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990:Shoichi Yokoi
988:
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42:
41:
28:
22:
1791:
1639:
1609:
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1573:
1554:
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1527:
1521:Nicchū Sensō
1502:
1476:
1460:
1448:
1428:
1402:
1394:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
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1174:
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1129:. Retrieved
1119:
1108:
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1079:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1028:
1014:
1004:
912:Ian Hamilton
850:dynamic list
798:
786:
726:
718:Hinaka jihen
717:
700:Nisshi jihen
699:
681:
667:
663:
657:
651:
647:Shōwa period
638:
626:
514:
444:
384:
351:
347:
342:
331:
327:
322:
316:
312:Meiji period
307:
305:
248:
172:Qing Dynasty
169:
108:
100:
84:
52:
39:
26:
25:
1640:Jūgun kishō
1561:Pacific War
1461:Manshujihen
1409:World War I
1341:Japan Times
984:Hiroo Onoda
775:Pacific War
724:. The word
682:Nikka jihen
441:World War I
385:jūgun kishō
363:Port Arthur
330:jūgun kishō
308:jūgun kishō
40:jūgun kishō
1807:Categories
1787:Bukochosho
1646:Japan Mint
1589:References
1131:24 October
848:This is a
792:大東亜戦争従軍記章
306:A unique
1613:Oxford:
1449:Kyūjitai
1376:See also
1364:Archived
1295:(1922).
1182:Archived
1163:(2005).
1098:Archived
1036:Archived
1012:(1903).
632:支那事変従軍記章
91:Ryukyuan
1777:Peerage
1415:第一次世界大戦
1299:p. 193.
1210:(NDL):
992:, 1972.
986:, 1974.
980:, 1974.
974:, 1939.
962:, 1906.
952:, 1906.
942:, 1906.
932:, 1906.
926:, 1906.
918:(1904).
899:, 1875.
882:, 1906.
872:, 1906.
668:Chūgoku
1621:
1601:
1429:Taishō
1168:p. 45.
1161:et al.
190:Weihai
95:Paiwan
1638:—the
1582:Shōwa
1567:太平洋戦争
1555:Shōwa
1540:大東亜戦争
1528:Shōwa
1503:Shōwa
1490:十五年戦争
1477:Shōwa
1403:Meiji
1325:Time.
1265:NDL:
1020:145–6
997:Notes
856:with
824:Front
749:Front
727:Shina
664:Shina
652:Shōwa
589:Front
535:Front
465:Front
407:Front
359:Dalny
317:Meiji
268:Front
211:Front
186:Korea
182:Japan
179:Meiji
175:China
132:Front
111:taels
1619:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1515:日中戦争
1469:満州事変
1457:or
1442:滿洲事變
1388:日清戦争
1133:2014
887:Army
864:Navy
836:Back
761:Back
711:日中事変
693:日支事変
675:日華事変
601:Back
547:Back
419:Back
280:Back
223:Back
177:and
144:Back
33:従軍記章
649:--
314:--
1809::
1648::
1617:.
1580:,
1570:,
1553:,
1543:,
1526:,
1518:,
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1493:,
1474:,
1445:,
1426:,
1418:,
1401:,
1391:,
1141:^
958:,
948:,
938:,
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878:,
795:,
714:,
706:or
696:,
688:or
678:,
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113:.
36:,
1688:e
1681:t
1674:v
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1564:(
1551:)
1537:(
1524:)
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1499:)
1487:(
1472:)
1466:(
1454:)
1439:(
1424:)
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1385:(
1135:.
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860:.
803:)
789:(
722:)
708:(
704:)
690:(
686:)
672:(
643:)
629:(
395:.
44:)
30:(
23:.
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