593:
417:
562:
51:
288:â whose chiefs report to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who is subordinate to the Minister of Defense. In addition, regime security forces include the National Police Force (SĂ»retĂ© National). The Gendarmerie, responsible for internal security, has a strength of several thousand, and is armed with military equipment. It is aided by the Republican Guard, which provides protection for government officials.
336:. This followed military dissatisfaction over the creation of a PDG control element in each army unit. Later the alleged Fula connection was dropped, the accusations widened to other groups, and over 1,000 Guineans arrested. After the plot, the army was regarded by the government as a centre of potential subversion, and the militia was developed as a counterforce to any military threat to the government.
709:
436:
efforts, the militia's role expanded, especially as black-market activity and smuggling grew worse. The force was formalized as the
Popular Militia (Milices Populaires) in the early 1960s, given distinctive uniforms, and linked to the developing civic service, which was engaged on national development tasks. After 1966 it was consciously modeled after the
305:). By the end of January 1959 the new army had reached a strength of around 2,000 officers and soldiers. In 1966 the IISS estimated that the army had reached a strength of about 4,800, equipped with Soviet, Czech, and Chinese weaponry. Soviet armoured personnel carriers and 105-mm and 155-mm artillery had arrived.
677:
said in
September 2010 that from 2001 to 2009 the size of the armed forces has risen dramatically from 10,000 in 2001 to a reported 45,000 in 2010 (though the latter figure needs to be treated with great caution.) 'Both formal and informal recruitment contributed to this quick expansion. Erratic mass
371:
made a low flyover of
Freetown and Touré placed the Guinean military on alert 'because of the serious troubles affecting the fraternal peoples of Sierra Leone.' The force, also reported as numbering 300, protected Stevens, though it was shortly reduced to 100 and then to fifty, plus a helicopter. The
343:
in
November 1970. Purges that followed the 1970 invasion decimated the upper ranks of the army, with eight officers sentenced to death and 900 officers and men who had reached a certain age retired from active duty. General Noumandian Keita, chief of the Combined Arms General Staff, was convicted and
454:
The permanent cadre was to circulate among the villages, spending three months in each one, to train the local militia. President Touré announced that the ultimate goal was to have a 100-strong paramilitary unit in each of the country's 4,000 villages. Infantry weapons of Soviet manufacture imported
669:
said that Guinea security forces killed more than 150 people and raped over 40 women during and following the protests. More than 1,500 people were wounded and many people went missing or were detained. As of early 2010, AI said that at least two senior military officers named by the United
Nations
399:
appeared to be the armoured battalion, with a modest number of Soviet medium tanks manufactured in the late 1940s, as well as Soviet APCs, and elements of the engineer battalion. The armed forces, though formally responsible for defending the country's territorial integrity, were really during that
657:
ordonnance combined four elite units of the
Guinean armed forces â the presidential guards, the Bataillon Autonome des Troupes AĂ©roportĂ©es (BATA), the Battaillon des Commandos de Kindia (popularly known as the 'Commandos Chinois') and the Battaillon des Rangers â into a combined commando regiment.
446:
In 1969, the militia was officially granted a role equivalent to the army, as a counterbalance in any military coup d'Ă©tat. The elements in the
Conakry area were issued small arms and given military training. Touré had heralded this policy in 1967 when he wrote: 'thanks to their special political,
435:
The PDG youth arm, the Youth of the
African Democratic Revolution (JRDA) was especially exhorted to report irregularities and crime to party or police authorities. Units of volunteers, formed in response to this call, assumed limited policing functions. Following government praise for these units'
375:
In early 1975 the
Guinean military consisted of an army of around 5,000, an air force of 300, and a naval component of around 200. The army comprised four infantry battalions, one armoured battalion, and one engineer battalion. In the early 1970s the armed forces were organised into four military
296:
Up to 41,000 Guineans may have been recruited into French forces between 1950 and 1957, many serving in
Vietnam. At independence, the 12,630 Guinean soldiers serving in the French military were given the option to stay on or return to Guinea. Most decided to return home. The new armed forces were
691:
After achieving independence from France in 1958, the Force Aerienne de Guinea was formed with Soviet assistance in the delivery of 10 MiG-17F fighters and two MiG-15UTI trainers. In the same era an An-2, An-12, An-14, Il-14 and Il-18V transports were delivered, Mil Mi-4 helicopters also entered
462:
said that '..conditions of service were deplorable, even for officers. The senior officer corps lived on meagre rations and saw its privileges and family allowances curtailed over time. Soldiers of all ranks had to find ways to supplement their rations and were often reduced to working either on
450:
The militia was re-titled the National and Popular Militia in 1974 and its regular section scaled down, as the President announced that the country could not afford the large standing force that he believed was necessary to deter what he saw as the constant threat of invasion. The militia was
392:). One of the four infantry battalions was assigned to each of the military zones. The zone headquarters also doubled as battalion headquarters, and acted as a supervisory element for elements of company and platoon size assigned to each of the country's twenty-nine administrative regions.
678:
promotions have resulted in an inverted structure, with more officers than regular soldiers, undermining professionalism and straining the defence budget. Indiscipline, criminality and impunity are rife, while working and living conditions for rank-and-file soldiers are deplorable.'
585:, was installed, which started to feud within itself, and quickly, as had occurred under the Touré regime, the paramount national security concern became the preservation of the president's power. Conté had to suppress his first revolt in July 1985, by his immediate deputy, Colonel
630:
The military was used three times in 2006â2007 to suppress popular protest: in June 2006, resulting in 16 deaths, on 22 January 2007, when it fired on protesters at the 9 November Bridge in Conakry, killing over 100, and on 9 February 2007, when it killed several more protesters.
432:(PDG) decision to create workplace 'committees for the defence of the revolution.' These committees were encouraged by party officials to report dishonest practices such as theft and embezzlement of funds which might 'endanger the achievements of the revolution.'
825:
listed the Army as comprising 8,500 personnel, with one armoured battalion, one special forces battalion, five infantry battalions, one ranger battalion, one commando battalion, one air mobile battalion, and the Presidential Guard battalion.
899:
These figures were given to Crisis Group by the commission inter-armée de réflexion sur la restructuration des forces armées, Conakry, February 2010. Africa Report No. 164, p. 1. However the 45,000 figure needs to be treated with great
692:
service. Other eastern bloc deliveries included three Aero L-29 jet trainers, six Yak-11s and Romania contributed licensed built IAR-316 Alouette III and two IAR-330L Puma transport helicopters. Further Soviet aid was requested when
670:
as potentially having individual criminal responsibility for events constituting crimes against humanity, remain in positions of influence in the Guinean Presidential Cabinet, despite the formation of a new transitional government.
451:
re-organised in multiple tiers, with a staff in Conakry, some combat units, and the remainder of the permanent element serving as a cadre for reserve militia units in villages, industrial sites, and schools.
1046:
On this period, Crisis Group interviews, colonel and former member of the Comités d'Unité Militaire (CUM), Kindia, May 2010; retired military officer, Conakry, February 2010. See also Barry Mamadou Aliou,
1037:
Nelson et al 1975, pp. 339â340, seemingly drawing on U.S. Department of Commerce translations of articles in the PDG newspaper Horoya, 1974, made available through the Joint Publications Research Service.
1188:
297:
formed by incorporating some of the former French soldiers, after a careful screening process to determine political reliability, with members of the former territorial Gendarmerie to form the
447:
physical, and social training, the people's militia will become the indisputable mainspring of our security system, of which the conventional armed forces constitute a fundamental section.'
642:
to Conakry to head the parachute Autonomous Battalion of Airborne Troops (French acronym BATA) in an attempt to calm the troops.' However, these and other measures failed to stop the
2001:
612:, the major grouping opposing Taylor in Liberia. Yet on the other side of the border the Guinean government also contributed troops to the ill-fated ECOWAS peacekeeping force
1388:
Mohamed Tétémadi Bangoura, Dominique Bangoura, Gouvernance et réforme du secteur de la sécurité en Guinée: Défis démocratiques et de refondation, Editions L'Harmattan, 2010,
472:
1016:, Imprimerie Nationale Patrice Lumumba, Conakry, 1967, quoted in Mohamed Saliou Camara, 'From Military Politization to Militarization of Power in Guinea-Conakry',
1192:
654:
2146:
1564:
869:
592:
623:
More serious was a 1996 attempted coup that originated as a military mutiny caused by the armed forces' poor living conditions. Conté, 'civilianised' since a
1923:
400:
period focused upon national development tasks, including agricultural, industrial, and construction tasks. The engineer battalion had companies in Conakry,
2066:
582:
2006:
2221:
1421:
463:
state farms or in small agricultural projects.' '...All regular military activity, for example exercises, was considered potentially subversive.'
2176:
1708:
277:. They are responsible for the territorial security of Guinea's border and the defence of the country against external attack and aggression.
2161:
1379:
1082:
816:
364:
700:
maritime reconnaissance aircraft. This resulted in the delivery of eight MiG-21PFMs and a MiG-21U in 1986 to replace the remaining MiG-17s.
2171:
1325:
1280:
601:
2156:
2229:
2091:
1667:
2186:
1946:
1625:
1589:
624:
367:. Stevens visited Conakry on 19 March 1971, and soon afterwards, around 200 Guinean soldiers were despatched to Freetown. Two Guinean
2021:
1677:
1490:
627:, had to make significant concessions in order to save his regime. Conté appointed his first civilian Minister of Defense in 1997.
1132:
565:
Guinean Special Forces soldiers conduct weapons range training for both close quarters rifle and sniper skills during FLINTLOCK 20
2201:
2036:
1971:
1916:
1876:
1782:
1434:
1223:
638:. Among measures taken by Conte to try and shore up his support within the military after 2007 was the transfer of the 'popular
2121:
1359:
2261:
2031:
1532:
1393:
1542:
1522:
1507:
643:
574:
1579:
600:
Regional conflicts in the 1990s and 2000â2001 attacks along the southern border by rebels acting as proxies for Liberia's
1986:
1731:
1672:
1584:
1517:
1099:. N° 1280 â 17 Juillet 1985. pp. 16â20 (webguinee.com "Diarra TraorĂ© : Tentative de coup d'Etat 4â5 Juillet 1985")"
635:
99:
2337:
2116:
1909:
1640:
1537:
1512:
1414:
616:
in Liberia. After ECOMOG departed in 1997â98, the Guinean government began supporting the new Liberian rebel movement
746:
1308:
1094:
2106:
1755:
1662:
1569:
1348:
1304:
674:
459:
429:
1189:"Reform of security forces in Guinea must deliver justice for Bloody Monday massacre | Amnesty International"
2061:
1981:
1966:
1726:
356:
285:
237:
86:
1335:
State-building and National Militaries in Postcolonial West Africa: Decolonizing the Means of Coercion 1958â1974
1594:
1574:
605:
249:
225:
308:
In February 1969, the Guinean government moved against the armed forces after alleging that a plot centred in
2285:
2234:
2211:
2151:
2081:
2026:
1996:
389:
329:
233:
2126:
2111:
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1961:
1830:
1772:
1736:
1645:
1460:
1450:
1407:
229:
180:
2239:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2136:
2076:
2041:
2016:
2011:
1976:
1820:
1703:
1650:
697:
666:
280:
Guinea's armed forces are divided into five branches â army, navy, air force, the paramilitary National
531:
Bataillon du Quartier Général (Camp Almamy Samory Touré) (Commandant : Capitaine Kerfalla Camara)
2313:
2309:
2305:
2277:
2273:
2141:
2071:
1951:
639:
596:
Guinean Armed Forces clear an urban structure during Flintlock 20 near Nouakchott, Mauritania (2020).
540:
Bataillon des Troupes aéroportées (Parachutistes) (Commandant : Capitaine Lanciné Fangama Kéita)
192:
416:
2297:
2293:
2249:
2166:
2101:
2086:
2046:
1815:
1792:
1777:
1741:
1635:
1552:
1527:
1495:
662:
647:
340:
221:
2131:
2051:
1991:
1956:
1845:
1797:
1767:
1613:
1599:
1475:
1480:
1025:
842:
525:
1869:
1850:
1825:
1807:
1691:
1630:
1470:
1442:
1389:
1375:
1078:
1021:
604:
had important effects on the security forces. The Conté government was deeply involved in the
620:. Attacks by Taylor-backed rebels in 2000â01 were partially an attempt to stop this support.
1787:
1713:
1465:
1366:, DCAF/Lit Verlag, 2011. Probably the most recent definitive account on the security sector.
586:
570:
561:
483:
149:
121:
110:
420:
A Guinean soldier translates for other soldiers during a joint U.S.-Guinean exercise, 2005.
1938:
1885:
1840:
693:
262:
164:
69:
428:
plot led to the militia assuming greater importance. The militia had grown out of a 1961
1835:
1455:
1124:
1069:
Boubacar N'Diaye, 'Guinea', in Alan Bryden, Boubacar N'Diaye, & 'Funmi Olonisakin,
578:
534:
Conakry Spécial Battalion (Camp Alfa Yaya Diallo) (Commandant : Cdt. Sidiki Condé)
50:
455:
from the USSR, Czechoslovakia and the PRC were to be issued as they became available.
2331:
1890:
1718:
1485:
880:
The navy has about 900 personnel and operates several small patrol craft and barges.
381:
360:
333:
321:
244:
962:
Child Soldiers, Adult Interests: the Global Dimensions of the Sierra Leonean Tragedy
458:
With much focus on the militia, Touré kept much of the armed forces in poverty. The
1247:
965:
385:
377:
352:
270:
1364:
Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa: Realities and Opportunities
344:
replaced by the army's chief of staff, Namory Kieta, who was promoted to general.
17:
1243:
2253:
853:
739:
708:
313:
281:
1502:
1074:
856:
provided most Guinean army equipment. Armored vehicles reportedly includes 30
440:
788:
768:
661:
On 28 September 2009, in what became known as the 'Bloody Monday' massacre/
1145:
President Conté appointed his first civilian Minister of Defense in 1997.
348:
2269:
1901:
846:
834:
518:
504:
497:
425:
405:
396:
309:
1430:
838:
830:
613:
511:
490:
408:, and was engaged in constructing and repairing buildings and roads.
401:
274:
206:
482:
Army Headquarters (Chef : Général Soma; Adjoint : Colonel
2265:
1399:
865:
609:
591:
560:
437:
415:
202:
552:
Popular Militia Headquarters (Chef : Capitaine Mamadi Bayo )
549:
National Gendarmerie Headquarters (Chef : Cdt. Makan Camara)
861:
857:
617:
347:
In March 1971 elements of the Guinean military were deployed to
172:
1905:
1403:
546:
Navy Headquarters (Chef : Capitaine Mohamed Lamine Sacko)
368:
543:
Air Force Headquarters (Chef : Cdt. Abdourahmane KĂ©ita)
1060:
Crisis Group interview, retired general, Conakry, May 2010.
1111:
1014:
The Doctrine and Methods of the Democratic Party of Guinea
537:
Tank Battalion (Commandant : Capitaine Baourou Condé)
424:
Increasing mistrust of the regular armed forces after the
332:
and seize power, or, failing that, force the secession of
1237:
1235:
1233:
1351:, 'Guinee: Incertitudes autour d'une fin de regne', ICG
1071:
Challenges of Security Sector Governance in West Africa
376:
zones, corresponding to the four geographical regions (
328:) homeland was planning to assassinate then-president
2248:
2220:
1937:
1806:
1754:
1690:
1612:
1551:
1441:
1213:
ICG, Africa Report No. 164, 23 September 2010, p. 1
479:
Joint Headquarters (Chef : Général Toya Condé)
243:
217:
212:
198:
191:
179:
163:
158:
148:
140:
132:
127:
116:
105:
98:
68:
60:
34:
467:Command appointments under Sékou Touré, March 1984
2222:States and regions with limited or no recognition
1320:Nelson, Harold D.; et al. (February 1975).
1227:, Brightstar publishing London, File 338 sheet 4
1095:"Sennen Andriamirado, "Diarra a joué et perdu"
933:IISS, The Armed Forces of African States, 1966.
829:There are four military regions â the 1st RM:
1129:U.S. State Department Background Notes Archive
1049:L'armée guinéenne: Comment et pour quoi faire?
573:, assistant chief of staff of the army, led a
363:, appeared to start losing his control of the
1917:
1415:
1372:African MiGs: Volume I: Angola to Ivory Coast
870:International Institute for Strategic Studies
493:(Commandant : Capitaine Babacar N'Diaye)
8:
895:
893:
372:last Guinean troops were withdrawn in 1974.
40:
1018:Journal of Political and Military Sociology
577:which toppled the interim head of state. A
1924:
1910:
1902:
1760:
1696:
1618:
1557:
1422:
1408:
1400:
569:On 3 April 1984, following Touré's death,
1370:Cooper, Tom & Weinert, Peter (2010).
473:Regard Rétrospectif sur l'Armée Guinéenne
715:
707:
889:
868:light tanks (15 reported in service by
521:(Commandant : Cdt. NoumoukĂš Keita)
921:
909:
507:(Commandant : Cdt. Lancei Camara)
500:(Commandant : Cdt. Finando Tiani)
31:
817:List of equipment of the Guinean Army
7:
1362:, in Alan Bryden, Boubacar N'Diaye,
1326:United States Department of the Army
1281:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France)
514:(Commandant : Cdt. Mory Traoré)
395:The only concentration of troops in
1337:. Martlesham: Boydell & Brewer.
1003:Nelson et al 1975, pp. 328â9, 338â9
25:
1491:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
528:(Commandant : Idrissa Condé)
2230:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2002:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1224:World Aircraft Information Files
1135:from the original on 22 May 2024
169:$ 529,20 million (2021 CIA est)
49:
1112:International Crisis Group 2010
27:Combined armed forces of Guinea
994:Nelson et al 1975, pp. 331â332
951:Nelson et al 1975, p. 321, 329
634:The military suffered serious
1:
341:Portuguese invasion of Guinea
222:Portuguese invasion of Guinea
1165:International Crisis Group,
144:Reported est. 65,000 in 2021
2067:Ivory Coast (CĂŽte d'Ivoire)
1295:IISS Military Balance 2012.
1077:, Berlin, 2008, pp. 134â5.
1051:(Paris, 2009), via ICG 2010
325:
303:L'Armee Populaire de Guinee
2354:
1349:International Crisis Group
1309:Guinea: Reforming the Army
1305:International Crisis Group
814:
675:International Crisis Group
471:Source: Mamadou Kaly Bah,
460:International Crisis Group
430:Democratic Party of Guinea
1863:
1763:
1699:
1621:
1560:
1538:2020 coronavirus pandemic
1533:2014 Ebola virus epidemic
1374:. Harpia Publishing LLC.
1355:No. 74, 19 December 2003.
985:Nelson et al 1975, p. 331
976:Nelson et al 1975, p. 341
942:Nelson et al 1975, p. 318
738:
238:Second Liberian Civil War
48:
39:
1987:Central African Republic
1626:Administrative divisions
1322:Area Handbook for Guinea
1020:, Vol.28, No. 2, 2000. (
606:First Liberian Civil War
357:Sierra Leonean President
267:Forces armées guinéennes
250:Military ranks of Guinea
226:First Liberian Civil War
42:Forces armées guinéennes
1244:"World Air Forces 2024"
864:tanks (IISS 2012), and
650:in late December 2008.
625:rigged election in 1993
365:Sierra Leonean military
299:People's Army of Guinea
234:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
1461:Imamate of Futa Jallon
1333:Turtio, Riina (2023).
713:
696:was opened for use by
597:
566:
421:
339:The army resisted the
317:
266:
230:Sierra Leone Civil War
55:Guinea Military emblem
41:
2147:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2007:Republic of the Congo
1316:Africa Report No. 164
1307:(23 September 2010).
1269:Military Balance 2020
1242:Hoyle, Craig (2023).
1178:Amnesty International
823:Military Balance 2020
711:
698:Soviet Naval Aviation
667:Amnesty International
595:
564:
419:
1932:Militaries of Africa
1518:2008 military unrest
1358:Dominique Bangoura,
312:, the centre of the
259:Guinean Armed Forces
117:Chairman of the NCRD
80:National Gendarmerie
35:Guinean Armed Forces
2278:Plazas de soberanĂa
1496:Portuguese invasion
1471:African slave trade
1324:(Second ed.).
1169:No. 164, 2010, p. 8
1012:Ahmed Sékou Touré,
747:AĂ©rospatiale SA 330
663:2009 Guinea protest
648:Moussa Dadis Camara
557:The 1980s and Conté
475:, 1 November 1993
171:$ 36 million (2006
2338:Military of Guinea
1732:Telecommunications
1565:Biosphere reserves
1476:French West Africa
1285:Revue FrÚres Armés
714:
653:In January 2009 a
598:
567:
524:Zone militaire de
517:Zone militaire de
510:Zone militaire de
503:Zone militaire de
496:Zone militaire de
489:Zone militaire de
422:
106:Commander-in-Chief
94:Presidential Guard
18:Military of Guinea
2325:
2324:
2318:
2302:
2290:
2282:
2022:Equatorial Guinea
1899:
1898:
1859:
1858:
1750:
1749:
1686:
1685:
1668:Political parties
1641:Foreign relations
1608:
1607:
1381:978-0-9825539-5-4
1328:Pamphlet 550-174.
1083:978-3-03735-021-8
960:John-Peter Pham,
808:
807:
712:Roundel of Guinea
390:Guinée forestiÚre
330:Ahmed Sékou Touré
255:
254:
199:Foreign suppliers
150:Reserve personnel
133:Military age
16:(Redirected from
2345:
2317:(United Kingdom)
2316:
2314:Tristan da Cunha
2310:Ascension Island
2300:
2288:
2280:
1939:Sovereign states
1926:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1879:
1872:
1761:
1722:
1697:
1619:
1558:
1543:2021 coup d'Ă©tat
1523:2008 coup d'Ă©tat
1508:1984 coup d'Ă©tat
1466:Wassoulou Empire
1451:Regional history
1424:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1396:, 9782296255449.
1385:
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1200:
1191:. Archived from
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1125:"Guinea (12/99)"
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1101:. 7 August 2018.
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1085:
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1058:
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1001:
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952:
949:
943:
940:
934:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
897:
716:
608:as it supported
286:Republican Guard
213:Related articles
141:Active personnel
122:Mamady Doumbouya
111:Mamady Doumbouya
87:Republican Guard
70:Service branches
53:
44:
32:
21:
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1933:
1930:
1900:
1895:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1855:
1802:
1746:
1720:
1682:
1604:
1590:Protected areas
1547:
1481:RiviĂšres du Sud
1437:
1428:
1382:
1369:
1345:
1343:Further reading
1332:
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1198:
1196:
1195:on 14 July 2014
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1156:ICG, 2010, p. 8
1155:
1151:
1138:
1136:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
984:
980:
975:
971:
959:
955:
950:
946:
941:
937:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:
904:
898:
891:
886:
878:
849:special zone.
819:
813:
706:
694:Conakry Airport
689:
684:
559:
469:
414:
294:
236:
232:
228:
224:
205:
186:
170:
89:
81:
79:
77:
75:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2303:
2291:
2283:
2274:Alboran Island
2262:Canary Islands
2258:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1678:Prime Minister
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1456:Songhai Empire
1453:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1367:
1356:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1317:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1273:
1260:
1229:
1215:
1206:
1180:
1171:
1158:
1149:
1116:
1104:
1086:
1062:
1053:
1039:
1030:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
953:
944:
935:
926:
924:, p. 206.
914:
902:
888:
887:
885:
882:
877:
874:
812:
809:
806:
805:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
785:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
771:
765:
764:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
749:
743:
742:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
705:
702:
688:
685:
683:
680:
640:Sékouba Konaté
636:unrest in 2008
602:Charles Taylor
579:military junta
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
487:
480:
468:
465:
413:
410:
293:
290:
253:
252:
247:
241:
240:
219:
215:
214:
210:
209:
200:
196:
195:
189:
188:
183:
181:Percent of GDP
177:
176:
167:
161:
160:
156:
155:
152:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
107:
103:
102:
96:
95:
72:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2350:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Guinea-Bissau
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Ethnic groups
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:2009 protests
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:2007 protests
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:French Guinea
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:Africa Report
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:Africa Report
1162:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:Jeune Afrique
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
973:
970:
967:
964:, p. 42, via
963:
957:
954:
948:
945:
939:
936:
930:
927:
923:
918:
915:
911:
906:
903:
896:
894:
890:
883:
881:
875:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
824:
818:
810:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
778:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
741:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
717:
710:
703:
701:
699:
695:
686:
681:
679:
676:
671:
668:
664:
659:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
628:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
594:
590:
588:
587:Diarra Traoré
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:Lansana Conté
563:
556:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
513:
509:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
488:
485:
484:Lansana Conté
481:
478:
477:
476:
474:
466:
464:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
442:
439:
433:
431:
427:
418:
411:
409:
407:
403:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:Middle Guinea
379:
373:
370:
366:
362:
361:Siaka Stevens
358:
354:
350:
345:
342:
337:
335:
334:Middle Guinea
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
291:
289:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
251:
248:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
211:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
184:
182:
178:
174:
168:
166:
162:
157:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
88:
85:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2306:Saint Helena
2250:Dependencies
2172:South Africa
2162:Sierra Leone
2056:
1967:Burkina Faso
1831:Coat of arms
1773:Demographics
1737:Trade unions
1709:Central bank
1657:
1646:Human rights
1371:
1363:
1352:
1334:
1321:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1248:FlightGlobal
1222:
1218:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1183:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1152:
1144:
1137:. Retrieved
1128:
1119:
1114:, p. 7.
1107:
1096:
1089:
1070:
1065:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
966:Google Books
961:
956:
947:
938:
929:
917:
905:
879:
851:
828:
822:
820:
690:
672:
660:
652:
633:
629:
622:
599:
568:
470:
457:
453:
449:
445:
434:
423:
394:
386:Upper Guinea
378:Lower Guinea
374:
353:Sierra Leone
346:
338:
307:
302:
298:
295:
279:
271:armed forces
258:
256:
185:1,5% (2006)
91:
83:
29:
2254:territories
2177:South Sudan
1704:Agriculture
1271:p. 481
1253:12 December
1139:28 December
1131:. Defense.
922:Turtio 2023
910:Turtio 2023
854:Warsaw Pact
845:, plus the
841:; 4Ăšme RM:
731:In service
682:Composition
644:coup d'Ă©tat
575:coup d'Ă©tat
412:The Militia
282:Gendarmerie
187:2,0% (2021)
159:Expenditure
2289:(Portugal)
2252:and other
2235:Somaliland
2157:Seychelles
2122:Mozambique
2107:Mauritania
2092:Madagascar
2047:The Gambia
1982:Cape Verde
1721:(currency)
1663:Parliament
1580:Ecoregions
1503:Camp Boiro
1394:2296255442
1199:4 December
1075:Lit Verlag
1073:: GCDCAF,
884:References
872:in 2012).
837:; 3rd RM:
833:; 2nd RM:
815:See also:
740:Helicopter
441:Red Guards
355:after the
269:) are the
100:Leadership
2112:Mauritius
1793:Languages
1778:Education
1742:Transport
1673:President
1636:Elections
1585:Mountains
1553:Geography
1360:La Guinée
1314:(Report).
1026:0047-2697
860:tanks, 8
843:Nzérékoré
821:The IISS
789:Mil Mi-24
769:Mil Mi-17
719:Aircraft
704:Inventory
687:Air Force
526:Nzérékoré
316:(French:
128:Personnel
120:Chairman
109:Chairman
76:Air Force
2332:Category
2312: /
2308: /
2301:(France)
2296: /
2276: /
2272: /
2268: /
2264: /
2212:Zimbabwe
2187:Tanzania
2037:Ethiopia
2032:Eswatini
2012:Djibouti
1977:Cameroon
1962:Botswana
1886:Category
1846:Polygamy
1798:Religion
1768:Abortion
1658:Military
1614:Politics
1600:Wildlife
1435:articles
1133:Archived
900:caution.
776:utility
754:utility
728:Variant
349:Freetown
284:and the
193:Industry
2298:RĂ©union
2294:Mayotte
2286:Madeira
2281:(Spain)
2270:Melilla
2197:Tunisia
2167:Somalia
2152:Senegal
2137:Nigeria
2127:Namibia
2117:Morocco
2082:Liberia
2077:Lesotho
2027:Eritrea
1997:Comoros
1972:Burundi
1947:Algeria
1870:Outline
1826:Cuisine
1808:Culture
1756:Society
1692:Economy
1631:Cabinet
1570:Borders
1443:History
1028:) 2000.
847:Conakry
796:attack
793:Russia
773:Russia
751:France
722:Origin
646:led by
519:Faranah
438:Chinese
397:Conakry
292:History
218:History
61:Founded
2240:Tigray
2207:Zambia
2202:Uganda
2142:Rwanda
2097:Malawi
2057:Guinea
1952:Angola
1891:Portal
1851:Sports
1821:Cinema
1816:Anthem
1788:Health
1727:Mining
1719:Franc
1714:Energy
1595:Rivers
1575:Cities
1433:
1431:Guinea
1392:
1378:
1081:
1024:
839:Kankan
831:Kindia
799:Mi-25
734:Notes
614:ECOMOG
581:, the
512:Kankan
491:Kindia
404:, and
402:Kankan
388:, and
275:Guinea
263:French
207:Russia
165:Budget
154:23,000
90:
82:
2266:Ceuta
2182:Sudan
2132:Niger
2087:Libya
2072:Kenya
2052:Ghana
2042:Gabon
2017:Egypt
1957:Benin
1877:Index
1841:Music
1312:(PDF)
1267:IISS
866:PT-76
725:Type
610:ULIMO
326:FulÉe
245:Ranks
203:Egypt
175:est.)
136:17-49
2192:Togo
2102:Mali
1992:Chad
1836:Flag
1651:LGBT
1390:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1255:2023
1201:2016
1141:2018
1079:ISBN
1022:ISSN
876:Navy
862:T-54
858:T-34
852:The
835:Labé
811:Army
673:The
655:CNDD
618:LURD
583:CMRN
505:Labé
498:Boké
426:Labé
406:Boké
369:MiGs
322:Fula
318:Peul
314:Fula
310:Labé
257:The
173:IISS
78:Navy
74:Army
64:1958
351:in
273:of
2334::
1283:,
1246:.
1232:^
1143:.
1127:.
892:^
802:3
781:2
759:2
665:,
589:.
443:.
384:,
380:,
359:,
324::
320:;
265::
1925:e
1918:t
1911:v
1423:e
1416:t
1409:v
1384:.
1257:.
1203:.
912:.
486:)
301:(
261:(
92:â
84:â
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
