Military strategy - Knowledge (XXG)

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Nevertheless, the World War I tank's limitations, imposed by the limits of contemporary engineering technology, have to be borne in mind. They were slow (men could run, and frequently walk, faster); vulnerable (to artillery) due to their size, clumsiness and inability to carry armour against anything but rifle and machine gun ammunition; extremely uncomfortable (conditions inside them often incapacitating crews with engine fumes and heat, and driving some mad with noise); and often despicably unreliable (frequently failing to make it to their targets due to engine or track failures). This was the factor behind the seemingly mindless retention of large bodies of cavalry, which even in 1918, with armies incompletely mechanised, were still the only armed force capable of moving significantly faster than an infantryman on foot. It was not until the relevant technology (in engineering and communications) matured between the wars that the tank and the airplane could be forged into the co-ordinated force needed to truly restore manoeuvre to warfare.

48: 3237: 4559:. This campaign sought to further stretch Japanese supply lines, preventing the invasion of the Australian mainland until the arrival of fresh American troops and the return of seasoned Australian soldiers from Europe. This can be seen as a variant of the war of attrition strategy, where the defender—out of necessity—had to hold the aggressor at a semi-static defensive line, rather than falling back in the face of superior numbers. This method is in stark contrast to the Russian scorched earth policy against Napoleon in 1812, where the defenders yielded home territory in favour of avoiding open battle. In both cases the lack of supplies was successful in blunting the assaults, following exhaustive defensive efforts. 3857:

done by attacking Germany's allies. The term "knocking away the props" was used, perhaps as a consequence of the fact that all of Germany's allies lay south of (i.e., "beneath") it on the map. Proponents of the Western viewpoint make the point that Germany's allies were more than once rescued from disaster or rendered capable of holding their own or making substantial gains by the provision of German troops, arms or military advisers, whereas those allies did not at any time provide a similar function for Germany. That is, it was Germany which was the prop, and its allies (particularly Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary) did not suffer significant reverses until Germany's ability to come to their aid was grossly impaired.

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military-hierarchical and adapted to the local supporting populace who hide them. The centre provides the political idea and driving logic, perhaps with overall direction and some funding. Local groups decide their own plans, raise much of their own funding and may be more or less aligned to the centre's aims. Defeat of guerilla forces (when revealed) does not disable this type of organisation, many modern attack strategies will tend to increase the power of the group they intend to weaken. A new more political strategy is perhaps more appropriate here – with military backing. Such a strategy has been illustrated in the war against the IRA, though an adoption and codification are unclear.

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suggested that the amount of force used by a warring state would and should be proportional to whatever political aim that the state sought to achieve via war. Clausewitz further dismissed "geometry" as an insignificant factor in strategy, believing instead that ideally all wars should follow the Napoleonic concept of victory through a decisive battle of annihilation and destruction of the opposing force, at any cost. However, he also recognized that his ideal of how war should be fought was not always practical in reality and that limited warfare could influence policy by wearing down the opposition through a "

2483:, Chief of the Imperial General Staff and co-chairman of the Anglo-US Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee for most of the Second World War, described the art of military strategy as: "to derive from the aim a series of military objectives to be achieved: to assess these objectives as to the military requirements they create, and the pre-conditions which the achievement of each is likely to necessitate: to measure available and potential resources against the requirements and to chart from this process a coherent pattern of priorities and a rational course of action." 4449:"). As a result, even though huge territories were captured by the Germans, the production potential of the Soviet economy was not correspondingly harmed, and the factories shifted to mass production of military equipment quickly. Even before the war, Soviet industrialization had brought Soviet GDP to a level roughly equivalent to Germany. Although a significant part of the urban population had been captured by Germany in the 1941 campaign, the Soviet economy immediately went to a total war footing and was soon outproducing the German economy in war materiel. 3277:. This forced the opponent to either march to battle with Napoleon or attempt to find an escape route around the army. By placing his army into the rear, his opponent's supplies and communications would be cut. This had a negative effect on enemy morale. Once joined, the battle would be one in which his opponent could not afford defeat. This also allowed Napoleon to select multiple battle angles into a battle site. Initially, the lack of force concentration helped with foraging for food and sought to confuse the enemy as to his real location and intentions. 4001:

parts of the Western Front, a consequence in part of an almost endless supply of fresh American reinforcements (which the Germans were unable to match) and in part of industry at last supplying the weakened Entente armies with the firepower to replace the men they lacked (while Germany wanted for all sorts of materials thanks to the naval blockade). Interior lines thus became meaningless as Germany had nothing more to offer its allies. The props eventually fell, but only because they were themselves no longer supported.

4348:, the United States entered the war. Britain was now also at war with imperial Japan, whose forces inflicted rapid defeats on British forces in Asia, capturing Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore and Burma. Nevertheless, Churchill expressed the view that with the entry of the USA into the war, ultimate victory was assured for the Allies. "All the rest was merely the proper application of overwhelming force". From this point onward, the strategy of the Allies, other than the USSR, is better addressed as joint Allied Strategy 3385: 2663: 4429:

for most of the pre-war period, but the failure of appeasement convinced Stalin that the Allies were actively seeking a Nazi–Soviet war. The Soviet government doubted that a war against Germany could be avoided. However, negotiations were continued in order to, at the very least, buy time and permit the Soviets to secure the Soviet–German border through expansion and pressure on strategically important states perceived as possible German allies in a future war. The signing of the

4907:. The ability of conventional forces to deliver utility (effect) from their hugely powerful forces is largely nullified by the difficulties of distinguishing and separating combatants from the civilian populace in whose company they hide. The use of the military by the politicians to police areas seen as bases for these guerrillas leads to them becoming targets themselves which eventually undermines the support of the populace from whom they come and whose values they represent. 2954: 4100:, enabled the rapid movement of large numbers of men. One of Germany's key enablers in mobile warfare was the use of radios, where these were put into every tank. However, the number of men that one officer could effectively control had, if anything, declined. The increases in the size of the armies led to an increase in the number of officers. Although the officer ranks in the US Army did swell, in the German army the ratio of officers to total men remained steady. 3377: 3993:

1918) and the German homefront entered general revolt over a lack of food and destruction of the economy. Victory for the Entente was almost assured by that point, and the fact of Germany's military impotence was driven home in the following hundred days. In this time, the Entente reversed the gains the Germans had made in the first part of the year, and the British Army (spearheaded by the Canadians and Australians) finally broke the

2609: 4598:, the Communist forces, who were dramatically reduced by physical exhaustion, disease and warfare, were in danger of destruction by the pursuing Nationalist forces. Mao then convinced other high-ranking political officers in the party to acquire the support of the local population whilst fighting their way northwards from the Nationalist forces. Shortly thereafter he formulated the concept of people's war, promising 2135: 6510: 4607:

avoids decisive battles, since their tiny military force would easily be routed in an all-out confrontation with the government's army. Instead, it favours a three-stage strategy of protracted warfare, engaging only in carefully chosen battles that can realistically be won. Relying on the local population and using small military units, ensures that there are few problems concerning logistics and supplies.

3755: 3545: 3316: 3115: 3989:, Germany launched and almost succeeded in a final offensive. However, the new tactics of autonomy revealed a weakness in terms of overall coordination and direction. The March offensive, intended to drive a wedge between the French and British armies, turn on the latter and destroy it, lost direction and became driven by its territorial gains, its original purpose neglected. 2479:'s definition of strategy is "presenting the manner in which military power should be developed and applied to achieve national objectives or those of a group of nations." Strategy may be divided into 'grand strategy', geopolitical in scope and 'military strategy' that converts the geopolitical policy objectives into militarily achievable goals and campaigns. Field Marshal 4657:. Later on the war turned into a stalemated two-year confrontation between the opposing forces. Thus, years after the war, the Chinese government began a series of army modernization and professionalization that would radically change the concept of the strategy, and in the 1980s and 1990s the concept of people's war was changed to include more high-technology weaponry. 3298:). This was designed to achieve the highest concentration of men into the primary battle while limiting the enemy's ability to reinforce the critical battle. The central position did have a weakness in that the full power of the pursuit of the enemy could not be achieved because the second army needed attention. Napoleon used the central position strategy during the 4614:. As it grows in power, it enters stage two, establishes other revolutionary base areas, where it may exercise governing power and gain popular support through political programmes, such as land reform. Eventually in stage three, the movement has enough strength to encircle and capture cities of increasing size, until finally it seizes power in the entire country. 3474: 4621:, the concept of People's War was the basis of strategy against the Japanese and Nationalist forces, and also against a hypothetical Russian invasion of China. The concept of people's war became less important with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the increasing possibility of conflict with the United States over Taiwan. 4337:. Through this period, and until the German invasion of the USSR in June 1941, there was no possibility of Britain winning the war alone, and so British Grand Strategy aimed to bring the USA into the war on the allied side. Prime Minister Churchill devoted much of his diplomatic efforts to this goal. In August 1941, at the 4060:, commander of the Reichswehr Truppenamt, for 57 areas of strategy and tactics to learn from World War I and to adapt strategy to avoid the stalemate and then defeat they had suffered. All seem to have seen the strategic shock value of mobility and the new possibilities made possible by motorised forces. Both saw that the 4388:, the Allies agreed to demand Axis unconditional surrender, a war aim which implied the physical occupation of Germany with land forces. While building up strength for an invasion of continental Europe, the Allies pursued an indirect strategy by invading Europe from the South. After defeating Axis forces in North Africa ( 3461:

them to squander most of the assets of their Iberian army in protecting the army's line of communications. This was a very cost effective move for the British, because it cost far less to aid Spanish insurgents than it did to equip and pay regular British army units to engage the same number of French troops.

4544:(possible invasion plans were considered by the Japanese high command, though there was strong opposition). Australia's policy became based entirely on domestic defense following the attacks on Pearl Harbor and British assets in the South Pacific. Defying strong British opposition, Australian Prime Minister 4712:. Instead of mainly being confined to Europe or the Pacific, the entire world was the battlefield, with countries rather than armies acting as main players. The only constant rule was that troops of the Soviet Union and the United States could not overtly fight with each other. Military strategy involved 6321:

publishes several dozen papers and books yearly focusing on current and future military strategy and policy, national security, and global and regional strategic issues. Most publications are relevant to the International strategic community, both academically and militarily. All are freely available

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had a fairly promising strategy: hunker down, tolerate the bombing, and wait for Russian pressure or NATO internal dissension to weaken the alliance's resolve. Had Milosevic not thoroughly 'cleansed' Kosovo a hunker-down strategy might well have succeeded, as a number of NATO officials with whom we

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quickly recognized that the key to victory was the economic defeat of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had adopted an aggressive posture of Communist expansionism following the end of World War II, with the United States and its strong navy quickly finding that it had to aggressively defend much of

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under Mao's stern orders after their decisive victories in northern Korea, they were met by an indifferent and sometimes hostile Southern population who, despite intimidation, were not willing to help them. This prevented them from defeating the UN forces in Korea and, after their hard-fought victory

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formation to attack the enemy. His opponents, being suddenly confronted with a new threat and with little reserves, had no choice but to weaken the area closest to the flanking formation and draw up a battle line at a right angle in an attempt to stop this new threat. Once this had occurred, Napoleon

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Compared to the armies of Genghis, nearly all other armies were cumbersome and relatively static. It was not until well into the 20th century that any army was able to match the speed of deployment of Genghis' armies. When confronted with a fortified city, the Mongol imperatives of maneuver and speed

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programs to the local populace and execution of the local landlords in the areas the Communists control. Using this strategy not only prevented the Communist leadership from collapsing, but also raised popular support across China, which eventually allowed them to take total control over the Chinese

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by the US and its allies), the Japanese government saw no other option than to conquer the oil sources in South-East Asia. Since these were controlled by American allies, war with the USA was seen as inevitable; thus, Japanese leaders decided it would be best to deal a severe blow to the U.S. first.

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It quickly became apparent that the war in the east would be pitiless and total. Soviet strategy was therefore aimed at preserving the state, at whatever cost, and then the ultimate defeat and conquest of Germany. This strategy was successful. By 1943, the USSR was confident in final victory and new

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Upon the outbreak of war in September 1939, British rearmament was not yet complete, although the Royal Air Force had been greatly expanded and programmes for new aircraft and equipment such as radar defences were just coming to fruition. Britain remained incapable of offensive operations except for

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demonstrated firepower, mobility and protection. The Germans seem to have seen more clearly the need to make all branches of the Army as mobile as possible to maximise the results of this strategy. It would negate the static defences of the trench and machine gun and restore the strategic principles

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Though his methods are questioned, Britain's Field Marshal Haig was ultimately proved correct in his grand strategic vision: "We cannot hope to win until we have defeated the German Army." By the end of the war, the best German troops were dead and the remainder were under continuous pressure on all

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World War I strategy was dominated by the "spirit of the offensive", where generals resorted almost to mysticism in terms of a soldier's personal "attitude" in order to break the stalemate; this led to nothing but bloody slaughter as troops in close ranks charged machine guns. Each side developed an

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Perhaps the most controversial aspect of strategy in World War I was the difference among the British between the "Western" viewpoint (held by Field Marshal Haig) and the "Eastern"; the former being that all effort should be directed against the German Army, the latter that more useful work could be

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up to date. Influenced by Jomini's principles of strategy, he saw that in the coming wars, where economic strategy could be as important as military strategy, control of the sea granted the power to control the trade and resources needed to wage war. Mahan pushed the concept of the "big navy" and an

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in which the Greek forces were outnumbered stood as a good military strategy. The Greek allied forces ultimately lost the battle, but the training, use of armor, and location allowed them to defeat many Persian troops before losing. In the end, the Greek alliance lost the battle but not the war as a

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According to Greene and Armstrong, some planners assert adhering to the fundamental principles guarantees victory, while others claim war is unpredictable and the strategist must be flexible. Others argue predictability could be increased if the protagonists were to view the situation from the other

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could be "We want to conquer area X", or "We want to stop country Y's expansion in world trade in commodity Z"; while tactical decisions range from a general statement—e.g., "We're going to do this by a naval invasion of the North of country X", "We're going to blockade the ports of country Y", to a

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are often seen as much less effective than the unconventional forces that modern militaries may also possess. The new opponents operate at a local level, whereas industrial armed forces work at a much higher "theatre" level. The nervous system of these new opponents is largely political rather than

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were invaded, leading to the defeat of Fascist Italy. Churchill especially favoured a Southern strategy, aiming to attack the "soft underbelly" of Axis Europe through Italy, Greece and the Balkans in a strategy similar to the First World War idea of "knocking out the supports". Roosevelt favoured a

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meant striking at the enemy's heartland—his cities, industry and communications. Air power would thereby reduce his willingness and capacity to fight. At this time the idea of the aircraft carrier and its capabilities also started to change thinking in those countries with large fleets, but nowhere

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when confronted with two or more enemy armies was the use of the central position. This allowed Napoleon to drive a wedge to separate the enemy armies. He would then use part of his force to mask one army while the larger portion overwhelmed and defeated the second army quickly. He would then march

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provides a useful example. Genghis' successes, and those of his successors, were based on manoeuvre and terror. The main focus of Genghis' strategic assault was the psychology of the opposing population. By steady and meticulous implementation of this strategy, Genghis and his descendants were able

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which are involved in guerrilla military actions but which are not traditional organizations with a central authority defining their military and political strategies. Organizations such as Al-Qaeda may exist as a sparse network of groups lacking central coordination, making them more difficult to

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The major militaries of today are largely set up to fight the "last war" (previous war) and hence have huge armoured and conventionally configured infantry formations backed up by air-forces and navies designed to support or prepare for these forces. Many are today deployed against guerrilla-style

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Early Soviet strategy aimed to avoid or delay war, while developing the central government's hold over the state and expanding the industrial base. Soviet economy and military was weak, but rapidly expanding in an intense industrialization process. The USSR had been overtly hostile to Nazi Germany

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Napoleon's practical strategic triumphs, repeatedly leading smaller forces to defeat larger ones, inspired a whole new field of study into military strategy. In particular, his opponents were keen to develop a body of knowledge in this area to allow them to counteract a masterful individual with a

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Each archer had at least one extra horse—there was an average of five horses per man—thus the entire army could move with astounding rapidity. Moreover, since horse milk and horse blood were the staples of the Mongolian diet, Genghis' horse-herds functioned not just as his means of movement but as

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and involves using diplomatic, informational, military and economic resources. Military strategy involves using military resources such as people, equipment, and information against the opponent's resources to gain supremacy or reduce the opponent's will to fight, developed through the precepts of

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Australia's historical ties with Britain meant that with the commencement of World War II its armies were sent overseas to contribute to battles in Europe. Fear from the north was so understated that at the outbreak of open warfare with Japan, Australia itself was extremely vulnerable to invasion

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With both Japan and the US fighting two-front wars (against each other in the Pacific, and additionally the US in Europe and the Japanese in China), the far greater American economic power enabled the US forces to replace battle losses considerably faster and to eventually outgun the Japanese. In

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of 1941 came earlier than expected to the Soviet leadership, resulting in the catastrophic loss of over 4 million Soviet soldiers killed or captured. Nevertheless, the USSR managed to halt the German advance at the outskirts of Moscow and Leningrad. With spies providing the certain knowledge that

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World War I ended when the ability of the German army to fight became so diminished that Germany asked for peace conditions. The German military, exhausted by the efforts of the March offensives and dispirited by their failure, was first seriously defeated during the Battle of Amiens (8–11 August

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and a small regular army, were forced to undertake a rapid expansion of the army. This outpaced the rate of training of generals and staff officers able to handle such a mammoth force, and overwhelmed the ability of British industry to equip it with the necessary weapons and adequate high-quality

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for control of large armies. He recognised the need to delegate control to subordinate commanders and to issue directives rather than specific orders. Moltke is most remembered as a strategist for his belief in the need for flexibility and that no plan, however well prepared, can be guaranteed to

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The Peninsular campaign was notable for the development of another method of warfare which went largely unnoticed at the time, but would become far more common in the 20th century. That was the aid and encouragement the British gave to the Spanish to harass the French behind their lines which led

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are closely related and exist on the same continuum; modern thinking places the operational level between them. All deal with distance, time and force but strategy is large scale, can endure through years, and is societal while tactics are small scale and involve the disposition of fewer elements

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The primary effect of insurgent elements upon conventional force strategy is realized in the twofold exploitation of the inherent violence of military operations. Conventional armies face political attrition for each action they take. Insurgent forces can cause harm and create chaos (whereby the

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The people's war is not only a military strategy but also a political one. In its original formulation by Mao Zedong, people's war exploits the few advantages that a small revolutionary movement has against a government's power including a large and well-equipped army. People's war strategically

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In its purest form, strategy dealt solely with military issues. In earlier societies, a king or political leader was often the same person as the military leader. If not, the distance of communication between the political and the military leader was small. But as the need of a professional army

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summed it up thus "Strategy is the art of distributing and applying military means, such as armed forces and supplies, to fulfil the ends of policy. Tactics means the dispositions for, and control of, military forces and techniques in actual fighting. Put more shortly: strategy is the art of the

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Clausewitz saw war first and foremost as a political act, and thus maintained that the purpose of all strategy was to achieve the political goal that the state was seeking to accomplish. As such, Clausewitz famously argued that war was the "continuation of politics by other means", and as such,

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took advantage of these developments to pursue an effective "battle of annihilation". Napoleon invariably sought to achieve decision in battle, with the sole aim of utterly destroying his opponent, usually achieving success through superior maneuver. As ruler and general he dealt with the grand

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who expanded on Clausewitz's concept of "limited warfare" to produce a theory on the "strategy of exhaustion". His theory defied popular military thinking of the time, which was strongly in favour of victory in battle, yet World War I would soon demonstrate the flaws of a mindless "strategy of

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As the army was being defeated and giving up ground in the initial assault, a gigantic operation was staged to move economic capacity from the Western areas that were about to be overrun, to Eastern regions in the Urals and central Asia that were out of reach of the Germans. Entire factories,

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The role of the tank in World War I strategy is often poorly understood. Its supporters saw it as the weapon of victory, and many observers since have accused the high commands (especially the British) of shortsightedness in this matter, particularly in view of what tanks have achieved since.

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As the British army could be correspondingly smaller it was able to supply its troops by sea and land without having to live off the land as was the norm at the time. Further, because they did not have to forage they did not antagonise the locals and so did not have to garrison their lines of

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Hitler wanted not only to eradicate the Jews; he wanted also to destroy Poland and the Soviet Union as states, eliminate their ruling classes, and kill tens of millions of Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles). If the German war against the USSR had gone as planned, thirty million

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failed to destroy the crucial targets (aircraft carriers and, most crucially for Japan's ability to hold island bases, submarines) and ignored others (oil tank farms, power station), thus the U.S. Navy was not weakened enough to force withdrawal. The psychological effect also caused the U.S.

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generally required a ratio of ten attackers to one defender, or a level of artillery support which was simply not feasible until late 1917, for any reasonable chance of victory. The ability of the defender to move troops using interior lines prevented the possibility of fully exploiting any

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which had won the First World War, Britain's strategy for continental war was based on alliance with France and later unsuccessful efforts to engage Fascist Italy and the USSR in an effort to contain Germany. Confronted with the rise of Hitler's power on the continent in 1933, and weakened

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The all-out nuclear World War III between NATO and the Warsaw Pact did not take place. The United States recently (April 2010) acknowledged a new approach to its nuclear policy which describes the weapons' purpose as "primarily" or "fundamentally" to deter or respond to a nuclear attack.

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weapon would be used to launch dead animals and corpses into a besieged city, spreading disease and death, such as the Black Plague. If a particular town or city displeased the Mongolian Khan, everyone in the city would be killed to set an example for all other cities. This was early

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Japanese World War II strategy was driven by two factors: the desire to expand their territories on the mainland of Asia (China and Manchuria), and the need to secure the supply of raw resources they didn't have themselves, particularly oil. Since their quest after the former

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to apply the principles of mass and economy of force, in that troops could be concentrated in the north for an offensive there while the Line acted as force multiplier in the south, and maneuver and security, by preventing the Germans from going directly from Alsace to Paris.

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Strategic warfare, and especially strategic bombing, was a supporting component of Allied strategy. Through 1942 and 1943, the Allies gradually won the war at sea and in the air, blockading Germany and subjecting it to a strategic bombing campaign of increasing effectiveness

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Strategy (and tactics) must constantly evolve in response to technological advances. A successful strategy from one era tends to remain in favor long after new developments in military weaponry and matériel have rendered it obsolete. World War I, and to a great extent the

3457:. French Armies lived off the land and when they were confronted by a line of fortifications which they could not out flank, they were unable to continue the advance and were forced to retreat once they had consumed all the provisions of the region in front of the lines. 3410:

was won, Napoleon attempted to do the same to the Allied/British army located just to the south of Waterloo. His subordinate was unable to mask the defeated Prussian army, who reinforced the Waterloo battle in time to defeat Napoleon and end his domination of Europe.

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was in rebellion in Northern Ireland and applied this strategy to urban warfare) and elsewhere. The people's war in the first three countries mentioned have been spectacularly successful, marking government transitions in these countries, while elsewhere such as in

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effect that was seen used by Germany against Poland in 1939 and later against France in 1940. France, still committed to stationary World War I strategies, was completely surprised and summarily overwhelmed by Germany's mobile combined arms doctrine and Guderian's

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As Clausewitz stated, a successful military strategy may be a means to an end, but it is not an end in itself. There are numerous examples in history where victory on the battlefield has not translated into goals such as long term peace, security or tranquillity.

2102:, in that strategy refers to the employment of a nation's entire military capabilities through high-level and long-term planning, development, and procurement to guarantee security or victory. Operations and tactics is the art of organizing forces on or near the 4441:

Japanese forces in the far east would not attack Siberia, the Soviets were able to transfer large numbers of experienced forces from the far east, and in the Winter of 1941/1942 they used them to counter-attack the German Army Group Centre in front of Moscow.

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Field Marshal Schlieffen succeeded Moltke and directed German planning in the lead up to World War I. He advocated the "strategy of annihilation" but was faced by a war on two fronts against numerically superior opposition. The strategy he formulated was the

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would mass his reserves at the hinge of that right angle and launch a heavy attack to break the lines. The rupture in the enemy lines allowed Napoleon's cavalry to flank both lines and roll them up leaving his opponent no choice but to surrender or flee.

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After the fall of France in mid 1940 and Italian entry into the war on the Axis side, Britain and its commonwealth allies found themselves alone against most of Europe. British strategy was one of survival, defending the British isles directly in the

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Unity of command became a question when the various nation states began coordinating assaults and defenses. Under the pressure of horrendously destructive German attacks beginning on March 21, 1918, the Entente eventually settled under Field Marshal

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as much as in Japan. The UK and US seem to have seen the carrier as a defensive weapon, and their designs mirrored this; the Japanese Imperial Navy seem to have developed a new offensive strategy based on the power projection these made possible.

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The "indirect" approach into battle also allowed Napoleon to disrupt the linear formations used by the allied armies. As the battle progressed, the enemy committed their reserves to stabilize the situation, Napoleon would suddenly release the

3697:. Under Moltke the Prussian army achieved victory in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), the latter campaign being widely regarded as a classic example of the conception and execution of military strategy. 3265:

was a perfect example of this maneuver. Napoleon withdrew from a strong position to draw his opponent forward and tempt him into a flank attack, weakening his center. This allowed the French army to split the allied army and gain victory.

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As such, geometric considerations were prominent in Jomini's theory of strategy. Jomini's two basic principles of strategy were to concentrate against fractions of the enemy force at a time and to strike at the most decisive objective.

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as well. It continues to influence many competitive endeavors in Asia, Europe, and America including culture, politics, and business, as well as modern warfare. The Eastern military strategy differs from the Western by focusing more on

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were among the first wide-scale battles intended to wear down the enemy. Attrition was time-consuming so the duration of World War I battles often stretched to weeks and months. The problem with attrition was that the use of fortified

2508:, the maintenance of an army. The view had prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred, and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter of almost personal opinion. 4875:

array which has arguably come to be dominated by the hyperpower status of the United States, which increasingly relies on advanced technology to minimize casualties and to improve efficiency. The technological leaps brought by the

4515:", leaving the strongest garrisons alone, just cutting off their supply via naval blockades and bombardment, and securing bases of operation on the lightly defended islands instead. The most notable of these island battles was the 4228:, Hitler had imagined a short war against France, and then the conquest of the USSR. He had wrongly assumed that Britain would be a German ally in the west against France, and so he did not foresee an enduring war in the west. 4575:. It aimed at creating and maintaining support of the local population, and draw the enemy deep into the interior where the force adopting the strategy would exhaust them through a mix of guerrilla and conventional warfare. 2064:'s definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfill the ends of policy". Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals. 3465:

communications to the same extent as the French did. So the strategy of aiding their Spanish civilian allies in their guerrilla or 'small war' benefited the British in many ways, not all of which were immediately obvious.

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his logistical sustainment. All other necessities would be foraged and plundered. Khan's marauders also brought with them mobile shelters, concubines, butchers, and cooks. Through maneuver and continuous assault, Chinese,

4887:": the battle against guerrilla forces by conventional national armed forces. The classical strategic triumvirate of politics/military/populace is very weak against protracted warfare of paramilitary forces such as the 4491:

population and armed forces to fully mobilize for war. South-East Asia was quickly conquered (Philippines, Indochina, Malaysia and the Dutch East Indies). After Japan's vital aircraft carrier force was destroyed in the

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through which a nation might forge alliances or pressure another nation into compliance, thereby achieving victory without resorting to combat. Another element of grand strategy is the management of the post-war peace.

4270:) to carry out the second part of Hitler's strategy. The campaign plan envisaged defeating the USSR in a single summer / fall campaign, but Barbarossa failed to achieve any of its major objectives. In December 1941 4368:

pressed for the western allies to alleviate pressure on the Eastern front. Supporting the Soviet war effort was a significant element of Allied strategy, and significant aid was shipped to the USSR through the

4243:'s refusal to surrender or to negotiate on terms favorable for Germany put the German gamble in jeopardy. Germany could not match Britain on the open sea and had not prepared its army for operations across the 3035:(main focus) being the morale and mental state of the opposing population) achieved through the offensive; this offensive was itself characterized by concentration of force, maneuver, surprise, and simplicity. 2586:. As the size and number of the armies grew and the technology to communicate and control improved, the difference between "military strategy" and "grand strategy" shrank. Fundamental to grand strategy is the 3096:

and concentrate against one opponent at a time. Unable to achieve victory, he was able to stave off defeat until a diplomatic solution emerged. Frederick's "victory" led to great significance being placed on

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Until the mid-1930s, Germany's ability to realize these goals was limited by its weakened military and economic position. Hitler's strategy involved building up German military and economic strength through

4164:

of August 1939). One by one, Hitler successfully repudiated the terms the Versailles treaty, using skilful diplomacy to avoid triggering war. After starting open re-armament in 1935, he carried out the

4738:

The difference between tactics, strategy and grand strategy began to melt during the Cold War as command and communication technologies improved to a greater extent, in first world armed forces. The

3647:

forces and populace. The time and space in which war was waged changed as well. Railroads enabled swift movement of large forces but the manoeuvring was constrained to narrow, vulnerable corridors.

4787:

By contrast, Soviet strategy in the Cold War was dominated by the desire to prevent, at all costs, the recurrence of an invasion of Russian soil. The Soviet Union nominally adopted a policy of

4144:. The destruction of European Jewry, while not strictly a strategic objective, was a political goal of the Nazi regime linked to the vision of a German-dominated Europe, and especially to the 5239: 4784:

to stop the attack. The Soviet Union would respond with an all-out nuclear attack, resulting in a similar attack from the United States, with all the consequences the exchange would entail.

4511:

After the Japanese were forced into the defensive in the second half of 1942, the Americans were confronted with heavily fortified garrisons on small islands. They decided on a strategy of "

4791:, which in fact was a posture of launch on warning. Other than that, the USSR adapted to some degree to the prevailing changes in the NATO strategic policies that are divided by periods as: 2900:. Ingenuity and adeptness were limited only by imagination, accord, and technology. Strategists continually exploited ever-advancing technology. The word "strategy" itself derives from the 2749:

expedients" by which a general must take action while under pressure. These underlying principles of strategy have survived relatively unchanged as the technology of warfare has developed.

4036:, who believed that future wars would be won or lost in the air. The air force would carry the offensive, and the role of the ground forces would be defensive only. Douhet's doctrine of 3713:, defending in the east while concentrating for a decisive victory in the west, after which the Germans would go on to the offensive in the east. Influenced by Hannibal's success at the 4177:, September 1938). This risky political strategy proved initially successful, consolidating internal support for the Nazi regime and greatly strengthening Germany's strategic position. 3194:

With the advent of cheap small arms and the rise of the drafted citizen soldier, armies grew rapidly in size to become massed formations. This necessitated dividing the army first into

2572:

which encompasses the management of the resources of an entire nation in the conduct of warfare. In the environment of the grand strategy, the military component is largely reduced to

2532:

of the 20th century, the distinction between maneuver and battle, strategy and tactics, expanded with the capacity of technology and transit. Tactics that were once the province of a

4610:

In stage one, the revolutionary force sets up in a remote area with mountainous or forested terrain where its enemy is weak, and attempts to establish a local stronghold known as a

2484: 4708:. As a consequence, it was also a war in which attacks were not exchanged between the two main rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union. Instead, the war was fought through 4420:

Allied strategy adopted its final major component with the acceptance of Soviet conditions for a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, to include eastern Germany and Berlin.

3986: 2070:(544–496 BC) is often considered as the father of Eastern military strategy and greatly influenced Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese historical and modern war tactics. 4364:" principle whereby Germany was to be defeated first, and then Japan. However, Allied land forces would not be capable of invading the mainland of Europe for years, even as 4926:

conventional army suffers a loss of confidence and esteem); or they can drive the conventional elements into an attack which further exacerbates the civilian condition.

2619: 6047: 3977:, who would advance in small mutually covering groups from cover to cover with "autonomy" to exploit any weakness they discovered in enemy defenses. Almost all the 4277:

and Germany declared war on the USA shortly afterwards. Through the summer and fall of 1942, German strategy to win the war remained based on defeating the USSR.

3261:

had considered this approach to battle as separate events. However, Napoleon used the maneuver to battle to dictate how and where the battle would progress. The

4482:

Japan hoped it would take America so long to rebuild, by the time she was able to return in force in the Pacific, she would consider the new balance of power a

3670:

in 1864, but these depended upon an enemy's unwillingness to entrench. Towards the end of the war, especially in defense of static targets as in the battles of

3236: 2873:

in 479 BC resulted in a victory for the Greeks against Persia, which exemplified that military strategy was extremely beneficial to defeating a numerous enemy.

3257:

While not the originator of the methods he used, Napoleon effectively combined the relatively superior maneuver and battle stages into one event. Before this,

4746:

found that grand strategy, strategy and tactics, if anything, moved further apart as the command of the armies fell under the control of super power leaders.

4221: 6405: 3815:

At the start of World War I strategy was dominated by the offensive thinking that had been in vogue since 1870, despite the more recent experiences of the

2550:

It is often said that the art of strategies defines the goals to achieve in a military campaign, while tactics defines the methods to achieve these goals.

4235:

had begun with France and Britain as allies, German strategy aimed to win a short war in France and to force Britain to the negotiating table. After the

3663:

lines on rural battlefields, violent naval engagements by cannon-armed sailing or steam-powered vessels, and assault on military forces defending a town.

3092:

forces. Assailed from all sides by France, Austria, Russia and Sweden, Frederick exploited his central position, which enabled him to move his army along

5953:]. Beiträge zur Militär- und Kriegsgeschichte: Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (in German). Vol. 2. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. 1979. 3737:

expansionist view where defence was achieved by controlling the sea approaches rather than fortifying the coast. His theories contributed to the naval

2559:

grew, the bounds between the politicians and the military came to be recognized. In many cases, it was decided that there was a need for a separation.

47: 4524: 2528:

enduring hours to weeks. Originally strategy was understood to govern the prelude to a battle while tactics controlled its execution. However, in the

5294: 4660:

The people's war strategy was also employed in countries around the world such as Cuba, Nicaragua, Nepal, Philippines, the United Kingdom (where the

3524:" rather than "statesmanship". He proposed that victory could be achieved by occupying the enemy's territory rather than destroying a opposing army. 6418: 5558: 5549: 5383: 5374: 5247: 5009: 4299: 3399: 2697: 971: 6094: 2837: 1398: 6179:. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press (published 2004). p. 106. 4412:

in September 1944, the Allies agreed to partition and de-industrialize a defeated Germany so as to render it permanently unable to wage war (see

4716:

powers with global actors who could strike an opponent with nationally debilitating destruction in a matter of minutes from land, air, and sea.

4408:

From 1944, as German defeat became more and more inevitable, the shape of post-war Europe assumed greater importance in Allied strategy. At the

2045:", or "the art of arrangement" of troops. and deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the 4677: 3955:. The Germans generally led the Central Powers, though German authority diminished and lines of command became confused at the end of the war. 4723:

that could decide a war by themselves, strategies shifted away from a focus on the application of conventional weaponry to a greater focus on

4118:

Inter-war Germany had as its main strategic goals the re-establishment of Germany as a European great power and the complete annulment of the

4056:, were amongst the most prominent advocates of mechanization and motorization of the army in Britain. In Germany, study groups were set up by 6272: 6031: 5991: 5508: 5225: 4378: 4184:, in violation of the Munich Agreement signed only months before, forced a change in Franco-British policy from an emphasis on avoiding war ( 5820:(1819), an attempt to synthesize strategy and the conduct of war within the state it has become the standard reference for military theory. 4637: 3006:

required that it be quickly subdued. Here the terror engendered by the bloody reputation of the Mongolians helped to intimidate and subdue.

5545: 5370: 3659:

enabled more rapid communication between armies and their headquarters capitals. Combat was still usually waged by opposing divisions with

3063:. It was not until the 18th century that military strategy was subjected to serious study in Europe. The word was first used in German as " 4872: 4713: 4181: 1754: 3963:

developed tank warfare, with which they eventually won the war. The Germans developed a "doctrine of autonomy", the forerunner of both

6294: 6005:

civilians would have been starved in the first winter, and tens of millions more expelled, killed, assimilated or enslaved thereafter.

4674: 3776: 3566: 3337: 3136: 3068: 2423: 1949: 1727: 342: 5669: 5653: 5268: 6366: 6217: 6184: 5958: 5802: 5685: 5566: 5498: 5391: 4888: 4661: 4654: 3802: 3592: 3363: 3162: 2649: 1403: 5701: 4680:

there the longest in world history,. In India and Turkey there are still ongoing insurgencies where the rebels use this strategy.

4302:). Emphasis for re-armament was given to air forces with the view that these would be most useful in any future war with Germany. 3927:

More so than in previous wars, military strategy in World War I was directed by the grand strategy of a coalition of nations; the

5918: 5019: 3974: 3690: 3419: 2742: 2693: 2369: 2337: 1481: 3678:, trench networks foreshadowed World War I. Many of the lessons of the American Civil War were forgotten, when in wars like the 1464: 6398: 6145:. Executive research project. Washington, D.C.: Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University. p. 16 1826: 1251: 96: 5911: 4314: 4189: 3780: 3570: 3341: 3140: 2861:; and so via a maritime strategy achieved Hannibal's removal from Italy, despite never beating him there with their legions. 2436:

Military strategy is the planning and execution of the contest between groups of armed adversaries. It is a subdiscipline of

1590: 4948:

confront following standard strategic approaches. This new field of strategic thinking is tackled by what is now defined as

2310: 6374:

US Defense Strategy from Vietnam to Operation Iraqi Freedom: Military Innovation and the New American Way of War, 1973–2003

4644:, the army employed guerrilla tactics in full scale, following the people's war doctrine. However, as they marched towards 5607: 4166: 3994: 3667: 3644: 3628:

However, the adherence to the Napoleonic principles in the face of technological advances such as the long-range infantry

3422:

used the "maneuver de derrière" against Napoleon who was suddenly placed in a position of reacting to a new enemy threat.

3241: 2007: 1454: 6051: 4705: 3051:(Art of War) dealt with the relationship between civil and military matters and the formation of grand strategy. In the 1944: 408: 4430: 4310: 5080: 4772:

during the Cold War also dealt with nuclear attack and retaliation. The United States and NATO maintained a policy of

4720: 3824: 3056: 1954: 1141: 943: 814: 352: 4900: 4618: 4341:

he met US President Roosevelt in the first of many wartime meetings wherein allied war strategy was jointly decided.

3765: 3555: 3326: 3125: 3029:

To refer to the nine strategic principles outlined above, the Mongol strategy was directed toward an objective (that

5794:

Military History's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Improbable Victories, Unlikely Heroes, and Other Martial Oddities

6538: 6513: 6391: 5043: 4641: 4625: 4205: 3920:, the automobile and tank (though the latter was, even at the end of the war, still in its infancy), telephone and 3840: 3640: 3500:"War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of policy by other means." 2850: 1418: 5604:"the advice is to think about how other protagonists will view the situation in order to predict their decisions"— 3784: 3769: 3574: 3559: 3345: 3330: 3144: 3129: 2456:

otherwise called national strategy, which is the overarching strategy of the largest of organizations such as the

6543: 6480: 4393: 4061: 3176: 2551: 2513: 2028: 1528: 1036: 385: 259: 113: 5014: 5002: 4911: 4579: 4467: 4409: 4397: 4049: 4013:

In the years following World War I, two of the technologies that had been introduced during that conflict, the

3893: 3618: 3250: 2736:

Simplicity type (prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and clear, concise orders to ensure thorough understanding)

2452:, which involve the disposition and manoeuvre of units on a particular sea or battlefield, but less broad than 1979: 1846: 1393: 1086: 904: 752: 4220:

intended global or merely European conquest, or whether he even had a plan for war in advance is debated; see

2720:

Maneuver type (place the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of combat power)

2704:

Objective type (direct every military operation towards a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective)

2364: 2041:, the term strategy, when first used during the 18th century, was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the 6352: 4871:

Strategy in the post Cold War is shaped by the global geopolitical situation: a number of potent powers in a

6071:

Beatrice Heuser, "Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 70s and 80s: Findings in the East German Archives",

4866: 4781: 4777: 4728: 4669:

it has been unsuccessful. The people's war in the Philippines that was long since employed by the insurgent

4611: 4313:). In August 1939, in a final effort to contain Germany, Britain and France guaranteed Polish independence ( 3844: 3081: 1932: 1914: 1670: 1229: 1151: 1096: 694: 357: 6236: 5302: 3907:

World War I saw armies on a scale never before experienced. The British, who had always relied on a strong

6170: 4896: 4487: 4476: 4334: 4330: 4274: 4252: 3861: 3860:

On other fronts, there was still room for the use of strategy of maneuver. The Germans executed a perfect

3450: 3044: 2929: 2913: 2689: 2631: 2416: 1799: 1774: 1496: 1408: 1281: 1156: 757: 734: 180: 79: 5580: 5405: 3868:. In 1915 Britain and France launched the well-intentioned but poorly conceived and ultimately fruitless 3689:

In the period preceding World War I, two of the most influential strategists were the Prussian generals,

2928:), "to lead". No evidence exists of it being used in a modern sense in Ancient Greek, but we find it in 6101: 4650: 4385: 3832: 3694: 3671: 3517: 3506: 3426:

highly competent group of officers, a General Staff. The two most significant students of his work were

3274: 3098: 3023: 2865: 2378: 2355: 2292: 2024: 1388: 1321: 1274: 928: 891: 854: 772: 724: 608: 418: 226: 135: 3384: 2134: 3912:

munitions until late in the war. Technological advances also had a huge influence on strategy: aerial

3183:

that followed revolutionized military strategy. The impact of this period was still to be felt in the

3101:" which emphasized lines of manoeuvre, awareness of terrain and possession of critical strong-points. 3002:

armies could be stressed until they collapsed, and were then annihilated in pursuit and encirclement.

2674:

Many military strategists have attempted to encapsulate a successful strategy in a set of principles.

6490: 6323: 5858: 5762: 5108: 5093: 4982: 4773: 4670: 4437: 4433:

gave the USSR freedom to, in its view, preempt hostile action from nations along its Western border.

4402: 4267: 3889: 3869: 3865: 3513: 3435: 3290: 3262: 3229: 3073:

in 1777 by Johann von Bourscheid. From then onwards, the use of the word spread throughout the West.

3052: 2574: 2566:

said, "War is too important a business to be left to soldiers." This gave rise to the concept of the

2387: 2202: 2153: 1779: 1681: 1538: 1533: 1351: 1316: 1051: 871: 729: 665: 519: 489: 86: 4508:, the Japanese navy was rendered helpless, effectively giving the Americans vast naval superiority. 4156:, while seeking to avoid an early war by diplomatic engagement with France, Britain and (later) the 2953: 2733:

Surprise type (strike the enemy at a time, at a place, or in a manner for which they are unprepared)

4910:

Parties to conflict which see themselves as vastly or temporarily inferior may adopt a strategy of

4338: 4305:

By 1939, Allied efforts to avert war had failed, and Germany had signed alliances with both Italy (

3729: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3483: 3477: 3427: 3195: 3077: 2832: 2824: 2804: 2800: 2711: 2662: 2583: 2517: 2480: 2301: 2247: 2234: 2057: 1630: 1615: 1491: 1378: 1356: 1331: 1291: 1201: 1011: 916: 866: 633: 623: 588: 380: 370: 140: 64: 3939:. Attacks on the enemy's economy included Britain's use of a naval blockade and Germany employing 3823:(1904–05), where the machine gun demonstrated its defensive capabilities. By the end of 1914, the 6465: 5863: 5767: 5481: 5352: 5198: 5075: 4931: 4884: 4877: 4862: 4696:, and it was a generation dominated by the threat of total world annihilation through the use of 4532: 4520: 4516: 4357: 4193: 4161: 4153: 4141: 4076:

groups and may have incorporated Fuller's and Liddell Hart's ideas to amplify the groundbreaking

4053: 3881: 3873: 3820: 3728:

At a time when industrialisation was rapidly changing naval technology, one American strategist,

3606: 3388:

19th century musketeers from Wellington at Waterloo by Robert Alexander Hillingford, 18 June 1815

3299: 3184: 3010: 2754: 2685: 2563: 2533: 2342: 2229: 2171: 2167: 2082: 2061: 2046: 1964: 1819: 1739: 1660: 1605: 1580: 1501: 1447: 1413: 1344: 1261: 1171: 1076: 1021: 911: 876: 829: 704: 675: 628: 566: 541: 375: 189: 108: 6154:

U.S. officials described Saddam Hussein's military strategy in Desert Storm as 'hunkering down.'

4837:) one of the elements of which became the new highly effective high-precision targeting weapons. 3888:, which flourished in the local terrain, and the British achieved two breakthrough victories at 3717:, Schlieffen planned for a single great battle of encirclement, thereby annihilating his enemy. 6470: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6362: 6290: 6268: 6213: 6180: 5987: 5954: 5798: 5572: 5562: 5504: 5397: 5387: 5344: 5221: 5098: 4992: 4987: 4776:

throughout the Cold War. In the event of a Soviet attack on the Western Front, resulting in a

4701: 4591: 4457:

of 1943, Stalin secured acquiescence to a Soviet sphere in influence from his western allies.

4454: 4417: 4326: 4256: 4240: 4119: 4037: 4022: 3960: 3940: 3901: 3622: 3393: 3282: 3269:

Napoleon used two primary strategies for the approach to battle. His "Manoeuvre De Derrière" (

3085: 3060: 2877: 2870: 2465: 2445: 2409: 2315: 2162: 2118: 2095:

has been an important strategic and political compendium in Indian and Asian history as well.

2060:(1780–1831), defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." 2053: 2000: 1909: 1856: 1759: 1749: 1744: 1714: 1697: 1692: 1665: 1610: 1311: 1301: 1296: 1286: 1206: 1196: 1191: 1166: 1136: 1026: 996: 991: 981: 976: 881: 834: 804: 643: 436: 413: 347: 3233:

strategy as well as the operational strategy, making use of political and economic measures.

6450: 5853: 5845: 5757: 5749: 5622: 5336: 5175: 4997: 4841: 4830: 4819: 4808: 4797: 4769: 4528: 4505: 4504:

several aircraft carrier battles, the initiative was taken from the Japanese, and after the

4492: 4445:

including their labour force, were simply moved, and what couldn't be taken was destroyed ("

4291: 4286: 4236: 4232: 4174: 3970: 3921: 3849: 3836: 3721: 3714: 3614: 3492:

has become a respected reference for strategy, dealing with political, as well as military,

3376: 3295: 2999: 2937: 2524: 2501: 2470: 2449: 2256: 2225: 2099: 1974: 1939: 1871: 1764: 1702: 1595: 1523: 1516: 1373: 1306: 1256: 1246: 1121: 1041: 1001: 986: 953: 938: 809: 794: 747: 655: 613: 556: 551: 509: 332: 309: 216: 145: 74: 57: 4495:, the Japanese had to revert to a stiff defense they kept up for the remainder of the war. 4188:) to an emphasis on war preparation, of which an important feature was the declaration of 2791:

The principles of military strategy emerged at least as far back as 500 BC in the works of

6475: 6455: 5880: 5113: 5103: 5063: 5058: 5038: 4758: 4697: 4587: 4413: 4389: 4271: 4244: 4145: 4127: 4057: 4045: 3816: 3710: 3700:

In addition to exploiting railroads and highways for manoeuvre, Moltke also exploited the

3407: 3246: 3180: 2979: 2933: 2864:

One of these strategies was shown in the battle between Greek city states and Persia. The

2828: 2724: 2692:

had only one: to " there first with the most men". The concepts given as essential in the

2306: 2270: 2216: 2207: 2176: 1784: 1769: 1687: 1643: 1585: 1241: 1236: 1126: 1116: 1031: 1006: 948: 789: 719: 709: 648: 561: 546: 469: 441: 241: 221: 69: 6341: 4572: 3531:

Clausewitz and Jomini remain required reading for today's military professional officer.

3294:

on the second army leaving a portion to pursue the first army and repeat the operations (

3059:

demonstrated advanced operational strategy that led to his victories on the soil of the

6495: 6485: 6460: 6300: 6166: 4977: 4972: 4943:

A main point in asymmetric warfare is the nature of paramilitary organizations such as

4840:

Strategic Defense Initiative (also known as "Star Wars") during its 1980s development (

4633: 4512: 4446: 4069: 3952: 3932: 3928: 3913: 3897: 3877: 3733: 3454: 3446: 3219: 3093: 2983: 2901: 2881: 2762: 2680: 2568: 2453: 2441: 2382: 2373: 2288: 2243: 2220: 2198: 2072: 2032: 1969: 1959: 1707: 1131: 1091: 1069: 1056: 1046: 1016: 933: 886: 689: 680: 571: 524: 504: 494: 464: 431: 319: 276: 231: 103: 36: 6532: 5626: 5053: 4405:

in June 1944, the weight of Allied effort shifted to the direct conquest of Germany.

4365: 4306: 4033: 3944: 3610: 3415: 3403: 2975: 2962: 2816: 2812: 2509: 2461: 2360: 2346: 2333: 2077: 1806: 1794: 1650: 1570: 1486: 1469: 1326: 1181: 1161: 844: 839: 819: 799: 714: 685: 660: 536: 514: 499: 474: 314: 236: 199: 194: 91: 5608:"Role thinking: Standing in other people's shoes to forecast decisions in conflicts" 2717:

Economy of force type (allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts)

5026: 4788: 4754: 4750: 4732: 4552: 4361: 4345: 4157: 4123: 3982: 3629: 2966: 2842: 2774: 2457: 2391: 2261: 2091: 1993: 1919: 1899: 1894: 1789: 1734: 1368: 1363: 1186: 1101: 849: 583: 484: 281: 185: 4883:

The gap in strategy today (from a Western viewpoint) lies in what Americans call "

4848:) which became a core part of the strategic doctrine based on Defense containment. 3831:

and all ability to maneuver strategically was lost. The combatants resorted to a "

6174: 6140: 5981: 5944: 5792: 4930:

opponents where their strengths cannot be used to effect. The mass formations of

4632:, to garner support from the local Korean populace to win the war by driving the 3904:

against the Ottomans, using strategy and tactics developed during the Boer Wars.

2932:

from the 6th century onwards, and most notably in the work attributed to Emperor

6244:

Military Leadership in the British Civil Wars, 1642–1651: The Genius of This Age

4739: 4693: 4645: 4599: 4545: 4471: 4295: 4185: 3754: 3648: 3544: 3521: 3315: 3188: 3114: 3031: 2820: 2770: 2766: 2297: 2180: 2103: 1904: 1655: 1620: 1459: 1146: 1111: 824: 767: 670: 454: 175: 170: 5630: 4548:

recalled most troops from the European conflict for the defense of the nation.

6048:"LITTLE Manila Confidential: Philippines has the Longest Communist Insurgency" 5086: 5048: 4919: 4743: 4629: 4595: 4583: 4568: 4556: 4370: 4212: 4132: 4093: 4089: 4088:

Technological change had an enormous effect on strategy, but little effect on

4077: 4073: 3965: 3917: 3701: 3636: 3493: 3431: 2265: 2252: 2211: 1861: 1831: 1553: 922: 5849: 5753: 5576: 5401: 5348: 2500:

of "arts" or "sciences" that govern the conduct of warfare; the others being

6233:

The New Makers of Modern Strategy: From the Ancient World to the Digital Age

4892: 4763: 4724: 4709: 4453:

aim of Soviet strategy became securing a favourable post-war Europe. At the

4248: 4170: 4137: 4097: 4029: 3936: 3828: 3738: 3656: 3215: 3203: 3014: 2893: 2889: 2846: 2761:

tactics of "offense at all costs" pitted against the defensive power of the

2587: 2529: 2505: 2037: 1851: 1675: 1625: 1575: 1565: 1560: 1425: 1216: 1211: 1176: 618: 304: 271: 160: 5534:. American Heritage Press, New York. Library of Congress Number: 77-119671. 2773:. As a reaction to its World War I experience, France attempted to use its 2555:

more specific "C Platoon will attack while D platoon provides fire cover".

4294:, Great Britain sought initially to avoid or delay war through diplomacy ( 2986:-style methods, and, equally essential, the vast horse-herds of Mongolia. 4967: 4944: 4915: 4904: 4689: 4321:

strategic bombing, and this was relatively ineffective in the early war.

4014: 3660: 3652: 3258: 3223: 3018: 2885: 2869:

result of that strategy which continued on to the battle of Plataea. The

2858: 2854: 2808: 2796: 2758: 2730:

Security type (never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage)

2149: 2126: 2086: 1866: 1841: 1474: 1106: 1081: 699: 254: 128: 5867: 5833: 5771: 5737: 4704:

was a part of containment via retributive intimidation from the risk of

4072:

developed the motorised part of this strategy as the head of one of the

3666:

There was still room for triumphs for the strategy of manoeuvre such as

2974:. The building blocks of Genghis' army and his strategy were his tribal 2908:), "office of general, command, generalship", in turn from "στρατηγός" ( 5356: 5324: 4653:, they were beaten in the open by UN forces in the conclusion of their 4196:

in September 1939, Britain and France declared war (3 September 1939).

3885: 3609:(1861–1865). The practice of strategy was advanced by generals such as 3473: 3211: 3089: 2971: 2792: 2675: 2537: 2497: 2437: 2238: 2067: 2042: 1876: 1836: 1600: 1434: 1430: 777: 762: 638: 299: 294: 264: 203: 165: 5891:, 1. Buch, 1. Kapitel, Unterkapitel 24 (Überschrift). The German word 4551:

Australia's defensive doctrine saw a fierce campaign fought along the

6322:

to the public in PDF format. The organization was founded by General

6265:

The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present

6100:. U.S. Department of Defense Office of Public Affairs. Archived from 5885:

Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln.

4949: 4217: 4082: 3488: 3207: 2991: 2961:

As a counterpoint to European developments in the strategic art, the

2667: 2541: 1383: 784: 601: 337: 6287:

The Mongol Art of War: Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Military System.

5340: 5325:"The Place of the Emperor Asoka in Ancient Indian Political Thought" 2876:

Early strategies included the strategy of annihilation, exhaustion,

4624:

The strategy was utilized in the early 1950s by the hastily formed

2496:

Military strategy in the 19th century was still viewed as one of a

6251:

The Art of War in World History: From Antiquity to the Nuclear Age

3632: 3383: 3235: 3199: 2952: 2897: 2661: 2579: 2504:, the execution of plans and maneuvering of forces in battle, and 859: 395: 390: 3516:(1779-1869) dealt mainly with operational strategy, planning and 6359:

The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War

6331:

Introduction to Global Military History: 1775 to the Present Day

6318: 5914: 5295:"Oracle's Ellison Uses 'Art of War' in Software Battle With SAP" 4666: 4416:). After the war, this plan was abandoned as unworkable. At the 4263: 4136:("Living space") for the Germanic "race" and the elimination of 4018: 3908: 3625:

was said to have carried a book of Napoleon's maxims with him.)

2995: 2544: 2476: 2395: 2351: 155: 150: 6387: 6129:, "To Paris, U.S. Looks Like a 'Hyperpower'," February 5, 1999. 2106:

to secure objectives as part of the broader military strategy.

6239:, 46 essays by experts on ideas of famous strategists; 1200 pp 6125:

The term was coined by French politician Hubert Vérdine. See:

4130:, Germany's political goals also included the accumulation of 3876:

landing, in an effort to aid their Russian ally and knock the

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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

3621:, all of whom had been influenced by the feats of Napoleon ( 16:

Use of force or threat of war focused for political purposes

5946:

Die Errichtung der Hegemonie auf dem europäischen Kontinent

5834:"Clausewitz, War, and Strategy in the Twenty-first Century" 5738:"Clausewitz, War, and Strategy in the Twenty-first Century" 4401:

more direct approach through northern Europe, and with the

4251:

hoped to strangle Britain's economy through success in the

3853:

breakthrough with the level of technology then attainable.

3639:

guns generally led to disastrous consequences for both the

3273:) was intended to place the French Army across the enemy's 2707:

Offensive type (seize, retain, and exploit the initiative)

2578:—the planning and control of large military units such as 6361:, Simon and Schuster, June, 2004, hardcover, 1184 pages, 5218:

Jymäyttämisen taito. Strategiaoppeja muinaisesta Kiinasta

2666:

Military stratagem in the Maneuver against the Romans by

6305:

Man and Woman, War and Peace: The Strategist's Companion

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Pupkov, et al. Weapons of anti-missile defense of Russia

4818:

Strategies of realistic threat and containment (1970s) (

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in 1936, and then the diplomatic annexation of Austria (

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with great range and firepower. The rigid formations of

4617:

Within the Chinese Red Army, later to be called as the

2627: 2076:

by Sun Tzu grew in popularity and saw practical use in

6212:, General Sir Rupert Smith, Allen Lane, London, 2005, 5986:. London: Vintage Books. pp. preface page ix–x. 5898: 5797:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. p. 164. 5791:

Brooks, M. Evan (30 May 2002). "Military Theorists".

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for a depopulated east which Germany could colonize.

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on the other. Society and economy were mobilized for

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The Persian Gulf War: Military Doctrine and Strategy

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remains the most important book on war ever written.

5212: 5210: 4824:стратегия реалистического устрашения или сдерживания 3900:

and other British officers led Arab irregulars on a

3655:

changed transport and combat at sea. Newly invented

3605:

The evolution of military strategy continued in the

3253:, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806. 5487:

London: Faber & Faber, 1967. 2nd rev. ed. p.322

4519:, where the American victory paved the way for the 4344:In December 1941, following the Japanese attack on 3705:survive beyond the first encounter with the enemy. 2723:Unity of command type (for every objective, ensure 5983:Bloodlands — Europe between Hitler and Stalin 4762:the world from the Soviet Union and the spread of 3438:, who had been one of Napoleon's staff officers. 5897:can express either "politics" or "policy" - see 5606:Kesten C. Greene and J. Scott Armstrong (2011). 2912:), "leader or commander of an army, general", a 6319:US Army War College Strategic Studies Institute 5951:Constructing hegemony on the European continent 5438:AAP-6(V) NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions 3985:, were stormtroopers in World War I. After the 6280:American Military History: 1775–1902, volume 1 6095:"2010 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) Fact Sheet" 5459:Field-Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, 4846:стратегическая оборонная инициатива – СОИ 4048:, architect of the first great tank battle at 3732:, almost single-handedly brought the field of 2488:conduct of war, tactics the art of fighting." 6399: 6030:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShrader1995 ( 4636:forces from the peninsula. At the battles of 4479:strike, crippling the American battle fleet. 3088:) to hold off his opponents and conserve his 2957:Mongol Empire in 1227 at Genghis Khan's death 2831:demonstrate strategic planning and movement. 2616:The examples and perspective in this section 2417: 2001: 8: 6075:Vol. 12 No. 4 (Oct.–Dec. 1993), pp. 437–457. 5892: 4222:Nazi foreign policy (historiographic debate) 4068:The innovative German Major (later General) 3720:Another German strategist of the period was 5240:"Obama meets privately with Jewish leaders" 4594:in the 1930s. During and after the arduous 4329:and indirectly by defeating Germany in the 3783:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3573:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3344:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3143:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3084:improvised a "strategy of exhaustion" (see 6406: 6392: 6384: 6380: 4829:Strategy of direct confrontation (1980s) ( 4210:Hitler's strategy for war was laid out in 4173:) and of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939 ( 2634:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 2424: 2410: 2113: 2008: 1994: 18: 5859:2160/dfc61137-9005-4346-9a91-353be2927e0f 5857: 5763:2160/dfc61137-9005-4346-9a91-353be2927e0f 5761: 5429:School of Advanced Air and Space Studies. 4796:Strategy of massive retaliation (1950s) ( 4525:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 3981:commanders of World War II, particularly 3803:Learn how and when to remove this message 3593:Learn how and when to remove this message 3364:Learn how and when to remove this message 3163:Learn how and when to remove this message 2741:sides in a conflict. Field Marshal Count 2650:Learn how and when to remove this message 5503:. Oxford University Press. p. 319. 5010:List of military strategies and concepts 3472: 3375: 2924:), "leader, chief", in turn from "ἄγω" ( 972:List of military strategies and concepts 6253:, University of California Press, 1994. 6176:Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo 6025: 5204:London:Faber, 1967 (2nd rev ed.) p. 321 5130: 4807:Strategy of flexible reaction (1960s) ( 4731:, especially after the exposure of the 4521:aerial bombing of the Japanese mainland 3202:. Along with divisions came divisional 2838:The Influence of Sea Power upon History 2125: 26: 5704:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5688:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5672:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5656:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 5500:Clausewitz in the Twenty-First Century 5269:"Obama to challenge Israelis on peace" 5220:. Gaudeamus, Finland. Helsinki 2009. 4486:, and negotiate a peace. However, the 6289:Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword, 2007. 4880:are essential for the U.S. strategy. 4571:developed a military strategy called 4379:Strategic bombing during World War II 4300:Neville Chamberlain's European Policy 4298:), while at the same time re-arming ( 4096:and later radio, along with improved 2098:Strategy differs from operations and 7: 6267:(Cambridge University Press, 2010), 5615:International Journal of Forecasting 5546:Headquarters, Department of the Army 5371:Headquarters, Department of the Army 5329:Midwest Journal of Political Science 5293:Garner, Rochelle (16 October 2006), 4360:, the Allied leaders agreed to the " 4333:and the combined Axis powers in the 3959:alternate thesis. The British under 3781:adding citations to reliable sources 3571:adding citations to reliable sources 3441:One notable exception to Napoleon's 3342:adding citations to reliable sources 3141:adding citations to reliable sources 4742:armed forces controlled by the two 4578:The strategy was first used by the 4390:the invasion of French North-Africa 3496:, his most famous assertion being: 2745:expressed strategy as a system of " 4802:стратегия массированного возмездия 3520:, the conduct of a campaign, and " 3430:, a Prussian with a background in 3218:firing massed volleys gave way to 2684:while Napoleon listed 115 maxims. 14: 4889:Provisional Irish Republican Army 4262:In June 1941 Germany invaded the 4182:annexation of rump Czechoslovakia 3251:defeating Prussian forces at Jena 2448:. Its perspective is larger than 2444:, and a principal tool to secure 2023:is a set of ideas implemented by 6509: 6508: 5919:Royal Military Academy Sandhurst 5627:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2010.05.001 5246:, Washington, DC, archived from 4835:стратегия прямого противоборства 3753: 3543: 3314: 3113: 2727:under one responsible commander) 2607: 2133: 46: 5033:Examples of military strategies 5020:List of military strategy books 3872:, combining naval power and an 3067:" in a translation of Leo VI's 2714:at the decisive place and time) 2694:United States Army Field Manual 6260:, Yale University Press, 1999. 5238:Scott, Wilson (7 March 2013), 4813:стратегия гибкого реагирования 4780:, the United States would use 4315:Anglo-Polish military alliance 4167:re-occupation of the Rhineland 1: 5915:http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ 4567:The Chinese Communist leader 4468:conquest of Chinese provinces 4356:In the December 1941, at the 4192:of Polish independence. When 3242:Entry of Napoleon into Berlin 2678:defined 13 principles in his 2052:The father of Western modern 6127:International Herald Tribune 5708:, on Perseus Digital Library 5692:, on Perseus Digital Library 5676:, on Perseus Digital Library 5660:, on Perseus Digital Library 4706:mutually assured destruction 4470:) endangered the latter (an 3864:against the Russians at the 3380:Map of the Waterloo campaign 3289:The second strategy used by 2949:Genghis Khan and the Mongols 2835:describes in the preface to 6258:Strategic Assessment in War 5323:Albinski, Henry S. (1958). 5176:"On War. Book 3, Chapter 1" 5081:Basic Strategic Art Program 4721:weapons of mass destruction 4065:of manoeuvre and offense. 3995:Hindenburg defensive system 3512:In contrast to Clausewitz, 3057:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden 2630:, discuss the issue on the 2516:thought it simply involved 1465:Military–industrial complex 944:Operational manoeuvre group 6560: 6342:Napoleon's Military Maxims 6338:Napoleon's Military Maxims 6242:Carpenter, Stanley D. M., 6173:(2000). "Losing the War". 5832:Hughes, R. Gerald (2019). 5736:Hughes, R. Gerald (2019). 5273:United Press International 5044:Mutual assured destruction 4860: 4582:against the forces of the 4563:Communist China's strategy 4523:, which culminated in the 4206:Nazi foreign policy debate 4203: 3668:Sherman's March to the Sea 3623:Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson 3391: 2920:), "army, host" + "ἀγός" ( 2851:sea lines of communication 2670:and Teutons circa 100 B.C. 6504: 6426: 6383: 6278:Matloff, Maurice, (ed.), 6139:Loges, Marsha J. (1996). 5930:See Martin Van Creveld's 4845: 4834: 4823: 4812: 4801: 4533:forced Japan to surrender 4475:This was executed in the 4190:Franco-British guarantees 4140:as a political rival to 4062:armoured fighting vehicle 3686:, manoeuvre won the day. 3177:French Revolutionary Wars 2849:to effectively block the 2514:French Revolutionary Wars 1529:Loss-of-strength gradient 386:Combat information center 6376:, Routledge Press, 2007. 6333:, Routledge Press, 2005. 6256:Gartner, Scott Sigmund, 5980:Snyder, Timothy (2010). 5850:10.1177/0968344518804624 5754:10.1177/0968344518804624 5472:Chaliand (1994), p. 638. 5448:British Defence Doctrine 5015:List of military writers 5003:List of military tactics 4901:Kurdistan Workers' Party 4782:tactical nuclear weapons 4619:People's Liberation Army 4562: 4410:Second Quebec Conference 4384:In January 1943, at the 4052:, and his contemporary, 4028:The leading theorist of 4021:, became the subject of 3916:, artillery techniques, 3835:". The German battle at 3619:William Tecumseh Sherman 3443:strategy of annihilation 3414:It can be said that the 3187:and the early phases of 2712:concentrate combat power 2696:of Military Operations ( 2485:Field-Marshal Montgomery 1847:Military science fiction 1332:Technology and equipment 753:List of military tactics 6282:, Combined Books, 1996. 5934:for more on this topic. 5706:A Greek-English Lexicon 5690:A Greek-English Lexicon 5674:A Greek-English Lexicon 5658:A Greek-English Lexicon 5551:FM 3–0, Operations 5463:, Collins. London, 1968 5376:FM 3–0, Operations 5146:Carpenter (2005), p. 25 5090:(documentary TV series) 4867:Network-centric warfare 4729:intelligence assessment 4626:People's Volunteer Army 4612:revolutionary base area 4431:Molotov–Ribbentrop pact 4311:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3987:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3741:between 1898 and 1914. 3402:and massed against the 3275:lines of communications 3206:; light-weight, mobile 2518:concentration of troops 1915:Wartime sexual violence 1671:Full-spectrum dominance 1482:Supply-chain management 5893: 5884: 5717:May (2007), pp. 115ff. 5561:. pp. A–1 – A–3. 5497:Strachan, Hew (2007). 5174:von Clausewitz, Carl. 5137:Gartner (1999), p. 163 4584:Nationalist Government 4488:attack on Pearl Harbor 4335:North African Campaign 4331:Battle of the Atlantic 4253:Battle of the Atlantic 4194:Germany invaded Poland 3862:battle of annihilation 3480: 3451:Lines of Torres Vedras 3389: 3381: 3254: 3049:Dell'arte della guerra 2958: 2690:Nathan Bedford Forrest 2671: 2540:would be applied to a 2025:military organizations 1827:Awards and decorations 1800:Peace through strength 1775:Low-intensity conflict 1409:Conscientious objector 1282:Area of responsibility 5726:Heuser (2010), p. 4-5 5530:Catton Bruce (1971). 5164:Wilden (1987), p. 235 5155:Matloff (1996), p. 11 4651:Third Battle of Seoul 4386:Casablanca Conference 4216:(1925/1926). Whether 4204:Further information: 3839:, the British on the 3833:strategy of attrition 3695:Alfred von Schlieffen 3507:strategy of attrition 3476: 3469:Clausewitz and Jomini 3406:, and then after the 3387: 3379: 3239: 3024:psychological warfare 3009:So too did primitive 2956: 2866:Battle of Thermopylae 2665: 2379:Business Model Canvas 2356:Managerial grid model 2293:Competitive advantage 419:Torpedo data computer 409:Ship gun fire-control 6347:Freedman, Lawrence. 6324:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6210:The Utility of Force 6171:O'Hanlon, Michael E. 6073:Comparative Strategy 5548:(27 February 2008). 5461:A History of Warfare 5373:(27 February 2008). 5109:U.S. Army Strategist 5094:Force multiplication 4983:Operational mobility 4774:limited first strike 4688:The strategy of the 4673:, however, made the 4655:Third Phase Campaign 4436:The invasion in the 4403:Invasion of Normandy 4290:economically by the 4268:Operation Barbarossa 4255:(1939–1945) and the 4126:and the Nazi party 4032:was Italian general 3931:on one side and the 3880:out of the war. The 3870:Dardanelles Campaign 3866:Battle of Tannenberg 3777:improve this section 3567:improve this section 3514:Antoine-Henri Jomini 3436:Antoine-Henri Jomini 3338:improve this section 3291:Napoleon I of France 3263:Battle of Austerlitz 3230:Napoleon I of France 3137:improve this section 2827:and, in particular, 2628:improve this section 2575:operational strategy 2562:As French statesman 2388:Strategic Grid Model 2328:Frameworks and tools 2203:Rita Gunther McGrath 2154:Strategic management 1945:Military occupations 1780:Military engineering 1682:Unrestricted Warfare 1539:Force multiplication 437:Military manoeuvrers 6349:Strategy: A History 6326:after World War II. 6198:spoke acknowledged. 5482:Liddell Hart, B. H. 5244:The Washington Post 5199:Liddell Hart, B. H. 4719:With the advent of 4438:Barbarossa campaign 4339:Atlantic Conference 4180:But the March 1939 3730:Alfred Thayer Mahan 3684:Franco-Prussian War 3680:Austro-Prussian War 3478:Carl von Clausewitz 3445:and a precursor to 3428:Carl von Clausewitz 3082:Frederick the Great 3045:Niccolò Machiavelli 2970:to conquer most of 2930:Byzantine documents 2825:Khalid ibn al-Walid 2805:Chandragupta Maurya 2801:Alexander the Great 2799:. The campaigns of 2481:Viscount Alanbrooke 2464:, or international 2365:Growth–share matrix 2309: • 2302:Performance effects 2300: • 2291: • 2264: • 2255: • 2248:Alfred Thayer Mahan 2246: • 2237: • 2235:Carl von Clausewitz 2228: • 2219: • 2210: • 2201: • 2179: • 2170: • 2161: • 2152: • 2058:Carl von Clausewitz 2031:. Derived from the 1631:Penal military unit 1616:Rules of engagement 1292:Command and control 917:Operations research 381:Director (military) 371:Fire-control system 141:Command and control 22:Part of a series on 6372:Tomes, Robert R., 6307:, Routledge, 1987. 6263:Heuser, Beatrice, 6249:Chaliand, Gérard, 6246:, Routledge, 2005. 6028:, pp. 174–175 5586:on 2 December 2012 5557:. Washington, DC: 5411:on 2 December 2012 5382:. Washington, DC: 5180:www.clausewitz.com 5076:Asymmetric warfare 4932:industrial warfare 4885:asymmetric warfare 4878:Digital Revolution 4863:Asymmetric warfare 4759:George C. Marshall 4517:Battle of Iwo Jima 4358:Arcadia Conference 4239:in May–June 1940, 4237:conquest of France 4162:Stalin-Hitler Pact 4128:took power in 1933 4054:B. H. Liddell Hart 3973:, using groups of 3902:guerrilla campaign 3882:Palestine campaign 3821:Russo-Japanese War 3691:Helmuth von Moltke 3607:American Civil War 3481: 3390: 3382: 3300:Battle of Waterloo 3271:move onto the rear 3255: 3185:American Civil War 3099:geometric strategy 3011:biological warfare 2959: 2755:American Civil War 2743:Helmuth von Moltke 2686:American Civil War 2672: 2564:Georges Clemenceau 2446:national interests 2394: • 2390: • 2381: • 2372: • 2363: • 2354: • 2345: • 2343:Balanced scorecard 2336: • 2311:Generic strategies 2172:Strategic thinking 2168:Strategic planning 2083:asymmetric warfare 2062:B. H. Liddell Hart 2027:to pursue desired 1740:Counter-insurgency 1661:Command of the sea 1606:Jewish laws on war 1581:Geneva Conventions 1117:Divide and conquer 912:Military operation 877:Tactical objective 376:Fire-control radar 353:Electronic-warfare 6539:Military strategy 6526: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6441:Counter-offensive 6431:Military campaign 6415:Military strategy 6336:D'Aguilar, G.C., 6273:978-0-521-19968-1 6231:Brands, Hal, ed. 5993:978-0-09-955179-9 5510:978-0-19-923202-4 5450:, Edition 3, 2008 5226:978-952-495-089-3 5099:Strategic bombing 4993:Principles of war 4988:Military doctrine 4671:New People's Army 4592:Chinese Civil War 4455:Tehran Conference 4418:Tehran Conference 4327:Battle of Britain 4257:Battle of Britain 4120:Versailles treaty 4038:strategic bombing 3961:Winston Churchill 3945:merchant shipping 3941:submarine warfare 3884:was dominated by 3850:defenses in depth 3813: 3812: 3805: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3394:Waterloo Campaign 3374: 3373: 3366: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3086:attrition warfare 3061:Holy Roman Empire 3053:Thirty Years' War 3017:or other type of 2878:attrition warfare 2871:Battle of Plataea 2660: 2659: 2652: 2434: 2433: 2316:Mission statement 2163:Strategic studies 2159:Military strategy 2054:strategic studies 2021:Military strategy 2018: 2017: 1910:Horses in warfare 1857:Anti-war movement 1760:Gunboat diplomacy 1750:Disaster response 1698:Philosophy of war 1693:Principles of war 1666:Deterrence theory 1611:Right of conquest 1534:Lanchester's laws 1302:Principles of war 992:Counter-offensive 977:Military campaign 882:Target saturation 805:Counterinsurgency 414:Gun data computer 348:Close air support 310:Aircraft carriers 6551: 6544:Security studies 6512: 6511: 6451:Defence in depth 6408: 6401: 6394: 6385: 6381: 6357:Holt, Thaddeus, 6220: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6136: 6130: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6106: 6099: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6076: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6050:. Archived from 6043: 6037: 6035: 6023: 6017: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5941: 5935: 5928: 5922: 5912:Army War College 5908: 5902: 5896: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5861: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5813: 5811: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5765: 5733: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5709: 5699: 5693: 5683: 5677: 5667: 5661: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5635: 5629:. Archived from 5612: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5585: 5579:. Archived from 5556: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5494: 5488: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5430: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5410: 5404:. Archived from 5381: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5305:on 11 April 2012 5301:, archived from 5290: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5235: 5229: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5171: 5165: 5162: 5156: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5138: 5135: 4998:Military tactics 4912:"hunkering down" 4847: 4836: 4825: 4814: 4803: 4529:Bombing of Tokyo 4506:Battle of Midway 4493:Battle of Midway 4309:) and the USSR ( 4292:Great Depression 4287:Entente Cordiale 4275:attacked the USA 4233:Second World War 4175:Munich Agreement 4044:British general 3971:infantry tactics 3922:radio telegraphy 3896:(1918). Colonel 3819:(1899–1902) and 3808: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3757: 3749: 3715:Battle of Cannae 3615:Ulysses S. Grant 3598: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3547: 3539: 3398:Napoleon masked 3369: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3318: 3310: 3296:defeat in detail 3259:General Officers 3168: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3148: 3117: 3109: 3078:Seven Years' War 3039:Early Modern era 3000:Eastern European 2655: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2611: 2610: 2603: 2471:military science 2450:military tactics 2426: 2419: 2412: 2257:Adrian Slywotzky 2144:Analysis methods 2137: 2114: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1765:Humanitarian aid 1703:Security dilemma 1524:Power projection 1307:Economy of force 1287:Chain of command 1002:Defence in depth 987:Commerce raiding 810:Defeat in detail 146:Defense ministry 50: 41: 40: 31: 19: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6518: 6500: 6422: 6412: 6329:Black, Jeremy, 6314: 6312:Further reading 6301:Wilden, Anthony 6228: 6223: 6208: 6204: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6167:Daalder, Ivo H. 6165: 6164: 6160: 6148: 6146: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6107:on May 27, 2010 6104: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6070: 6066: 6057: 6055: 6045: 6044: 6040: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6015: 6011: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5879: 5875: 5831: 5830: 5826: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5790: 5789: 5785: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5700: 5696: 5684: 5680: 5668: 5664: 5652: 5648: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5569: 5554: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5467: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5394: 5379: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5341:10.2307/2109166 5322: 5321: 5317: 5308: 5306: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5278: 5276: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5253: 5251: 5250:on 24 July 2013 5237: 5236: 5232: 5216:Matti Nojonen, 5215: 5208: 5197: 5193: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5114:War termination 5104:Strategic depth 5064:Progressive war 5059:Fabian strategy 5039:Schlieffen Plan 4958: 4941: 4869: 4859: 4792: 4698:nuclear weapons 4686: 4638:Chongchon river 4588:Chiang Kai-shek 4565: 4541: 4501: 4463: 4426: 4414:Morgenthau Plan 4354: 4352:European Allies 4283: 4247:. Instead, the 4208: 4202: 4146:Generalplan Ost 4122:of 1919. After 4116: 4111: 4106: 4058:Hans von Seeckt 4046:J. F. C. Fuller 4023:strategic study 4011: 3817:Second Boer War 3809: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3774: 3758: 3747: 3725:annihilation". 3711:Schlieffen Plan 3599: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3564: 3548: 3537: 3471: 3408:Battle of Ligny 3396: 3370: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3335: 3319: 3308: 3247:Charles Meynier 3198:and later into 3181:Napoleonic Wars 3169: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3134: 3118: 3107: 3041: 2980:mounted archers 2951: 2946: 2934:Leo VI the Wise 2829:Cyrus the Great 2789: 2784: 2725:unity of effort 2656: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2625: 2612: 2608: 2601: 2552:Strategic goals 2494: 2430: 2401: 2400: 2329: 2321: 2320: 2307:Core competency 2284: 2276: 2275: 2271:Henry Mintzberg 2217:Candace A. Yano 2208:Bruce Henderson 2194: 2186: 2185: 2177:Decision theory 2145: 2112: 2085:and deception. 2078:Western society 2029:strategic goals 2014: 1985: 1984: 1935: 1925: 1924: 1890: 1882: 1881: 1822: 1812: 1811: 1785:Multilateralism 1770:Law enforcement 1730: 1720: 1719: 1688:Just war theory 1646: 1636: 1635: 1586:Geneva Protocol 1556: 1546: 1545: 1519: 1509: 1508: 1450: 1440: 1439: 1347: 1337: 1336: 1277: 1267: 1266: 1232: 1222: 1221: 1152:Network-centric 1072: 1062: 1061: 969: 959: 958: 907: 897: 896: 845:Rapid dominance 750: 740: 739: 695:Electromagnetic 604: 594: 593: 580: 533: 481: 457: 447: 446: 442:Combat training 423: 400: 366:Combat systems: 362: 324: 320:Auxiliary ships 286: 246: 242:Military police 208: 131: 121: 120: 60: 34: 33: 32: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6557: 6555: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6531: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6496:Scorched earth 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6388: 6378: 6377: 6370: 6355: 6345: 6340:, free ebook, 6334: 6327: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6295:978-1844154760 6285:May, Timothy. 6283: 6276: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6202: 6185: 6158: 6131: 6118: 6086: 6077: 6064: 6038: 6018: 6016:Parillo; Blair 6009: 5992: 5972: 5959: 5936: 5932:Fighting Power 5923: 5903: 5873: 5844:(2): 287–296. 5838:War in History 5824: 5803: 5783: 5748:(2): 287–296. 5742:War in History 5728: 5719: 5710: 5694: 5678: 5662: 5646: 5597: 5567: 5537: 5522: 5509: 5489: 5474: 5465: 5452: 5440: 5431: 5422: 5392: 5362: 5315: 5285: 5275:, 8 March 2013 5260: 5230: 5206: 5191: 5166: 5157: 5148: 5139: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5070:Related topics 5067: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5012: 5007: 5006: 5005: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4978:Naval strategy 4975: 4973:Grand strategy 4970: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4940: 4937: 4858: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4838: 4827: 4816: 4805: 4685: 4682: 4634:United Nations 4564: 4561: 4540: 4537: 4513:island hopping 4500: 4497: 4462: 4459: 4447:scorched earth 4425: 4422: 4398:southern Italy 4353: 4350: 4282: 4279: 4201: 4198: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4070:Heinz Guderian 4010: 4007: 3953:Ferdinand Foch 3933:Central Powers 3914:reconnaissance 3898:T. E. Lawrence 3878:Ottoman Empire 3811: 3810: 3761: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3734:naval strategy 3601: 3600: 3551: 3549: 3542: 3536: 3535:Industrial age 3533: 3502: 3501: 3470: 3467: 3455:Peninsular War 3447:trench warfare 3372: 3371: 3322: 3320: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3220:light infantry 3171: 3170: 3121: 3119: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3094:interior lines 3040: 3037: 2984:scorched earth 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2916:of "στρατός" ( 2882:scorched earth 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2681:The Art of War 2658: 2657: 2622:of the subject 2620:worldwide view 2615: 2613: 2606: 2600: 2597: 2569:grand strategy 2493: 2490: 2454:grand strategy 2442:foreign policy 2432: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2385: 2383:Kraljic matrix 2376: 2374:MECE principle 2367: 2358: 2349: 2340: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2289:Business model 2285: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2244:Julian Corbett 2241: 2232: 2223: 2221:C. K. Prahalad 2214: 2205: 2199:Michael Porter 2195: 2193:Major thinkers 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2174: 2165: 2156: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2111: 2108: 2073:The Art of War 2049:of the enemy. 2016: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2005: 1998: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1950:Military terms 1947: 1942: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1708:Tripwire force 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1531: 1526: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1462: 1457: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1428: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1233: 1230:Administrative 1228: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1157:New generation 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1132:Fleet in being 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1073: 1070:Grand strategy 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1057:Scorched earth 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 970: 965: 964: 961: 960: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 934:Deep operation 931: 926: 919: 914: 908: 903: 902: 899: 898: 895: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 863: 862: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 781: 780: 775: 770: 760: 751: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 735:Unconventional 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 683: 681:Disinformation 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 652: 651: 646: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 605: 600: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 586: 579: 578: 577: 576: 575: 574: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 532: 531: 530: 529: 528: 527: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 480: 479: 478: 477: 472: 467: 458: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 439: 434: 432:Basic training 429: 422: 421: 416: 411: 406: 399: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 361: 360: 358:Reconnaissance 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 323: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 285: 284: 279: 277:Special forces 274: 269: 268: 267: 257: 252: 245: 244: 239: 234: 232:Reconnaissance 229: 224: 219: 214: 207: 206: 197: 192: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 132: 127: 126: 123: 122: 119: 118: 117: 116: 111: 101: 100: 99: 94: 84: 83: 82: 75:Post-classical 72: 67: 61: 56: 55: 52: 51: 43: 42: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6556: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6515: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6395: 6390: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6367:0-7432-5042-7 6364: 6360: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6252: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6218:0-7139-9836-9 6215: 6211: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6188: 6186:9780815798422 6182: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6159: 6155: 6144: 6143: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6119: 6103: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6065: 6054:on 2011-03-06 6053: 6049: 6046:Joey Baking. 6042: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6022: 6019: 6013: 6010: 6006: 5995: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5976: 5973: 5962: 5960:9783421019356 5956: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5940: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5874: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5819: 5806: 5804:9781597974608 5800: 5796: 5795: 5787: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5732: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5714: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5647: 5636:on 2012-04-17 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5598: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5568:9781437901290 5564: 5560: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5541: 5538: 5533: 5532:The Civil War 5526: 5523: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5493: 5490: 5486: 5483: 5478: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5393:9781437901290 5389: 5385: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5366: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5319: 5316: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5289: 5286: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5261: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5195: 5192: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5152: 5149: 5143: 5140: 5134: 5131: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5054:Shock and awe 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4946: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4927: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4879: 4874: 4868: 4864: 4857:Post–Cold War 4856: 4854: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4817: 4810: 4806: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4765: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4751:cold warriors 4747: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4642:Lake Changjin 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4615: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4547: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4509: 4507: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4484:fait accompli 4480: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4450: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4406: 4404: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4367: 4366:Joseph Stalin 4363: 4362:Germany first 4359: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307:Pact of Steel 4303: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4207: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4092:. The use of 4091: 4086: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4034:Giulio Douhet 4031: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3996: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3975:stormtroopers 3972: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3954: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3846: 3845:Passchendaele 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3825:Western Front 3822: 3818: 3807: 3804: 3796: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3762:This section 3760: 3756: 3751: 3750: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3723: 3722:Hans Delbrück 3718: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3611:Robert E. Lee 3608: 3597: 3594: 3586: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3552:This section 3550: 3546: 3541: 3540: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3416:Prussian Army 3412: 3409: 3405: 3404:Prussian army 3401: 3395: 3386: 3378: 3368: 3365: 3357: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3323:This section 3321: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3167: 3164: 3156: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3122:This section 3120: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3080:(1756–1763), 3079: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3055:(1618-1648), 3054: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2955: 2948: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2904:"στρατηγία" ( 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817:Julius Caesar 2814: 2813:Qin Shi Huang 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2677: 2669: 2664: 2654: 2651: 2643: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2621: 2614: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2523:Strategy and 2521: 2519: 2515: 2512:, during the 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2462:confederation 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2361:PEST analysis 2359: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2347:Ansoff matrix 2344: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2011: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837:Warrior caste 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1816: 1815: 1808: 1807:Show of force 1805: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795:Peacebuilding 1793: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1651:Air supremacy 1649: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1639: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1591:Islamic rules 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1571:Court-martial 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1470:Arms industry 1468: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1443: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1087:Broken-backed 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 974: 973: 968: 963: 962: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 929:Expeditionary 927: 925: 924: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 906: 901: 900: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 861: 858: 857: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 800:Counterattack 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 754: 749: 744: 743: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 725:Psychological 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 661:Combined arms 659: 657: 654: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 606: 603: 598: 597: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 573: 570: 569: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 538: 535: 534: 526: 523: 522: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 500:Fortification 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 487: 486: 483: 482: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 460: 459: 456: 451: 450: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 424: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 401: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 363: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 321: 318: 316: 315:Landing craft 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 266: 263: 262: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 247: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 209: 205: 201: 200:Standing army 198: 196: 193: 191: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 130: 125: 124: 115: 112: 110: 107: 106: 105: 102: 98: 95: 93: 92:pike and shot 90: 89: 88: 85: 81: 78: 77: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 59: 54: 53: 49: 45: 44: 38: 30: 25: 21: 20: 6414: 6373: 6358: 6348: 6337: 6330: 6304: 6286: 6279: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6232: 6226:Bibliography 6209: 6205: 6196: 6190:. Retrieved 6175: 6161: 6153: 6147:. Retrieved 6141: 6134: 6126: 6121: 6109:. Retrieved 6102:the original 6089: 6080: 6072: 6067: 6056:. Retrieved 6052:the original 6041: 6026:Shrader 1995 6021: 6012: 6003: 5997:. Retrieved 5982: 5975: 5964:. Retrieved 5950: 5945: 5939: 5931: 5926: 5906: 5888: 5876: 5841: 5837: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5808:. Retrieved 5793: 5786: 5776: 5775: 5745: 5741: 5731: 5722: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5638:. Retrieved 5631:the original 5618: 5614: 5600: 5588:. Retrieved 5581:the original 5550: 5540: 5531: 5525: 5514:. Retrieved 5499: 5492: 5484: 5477: 5468: 5460: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5434: 5425: 5413:. Retrieved 5406:the original 5375: 5365: 5335:(1): 62–75. 5332: 5328: 5318: 5307:, retrieved 5303:the original 5298: 5288: 5277:, retrieved 5272: 5263: 5252:, retrieved 5248:the original 5243: 5233: 5217: 5201: 5194: 5183:. Retrieved 5179: 5169: 5160: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5085: 5027:Roerich Pact 4942: 4928: 4924: 4909: 4882: 4870: 4851: 4789:no first use 4786: 4778:breakthrough 4768: 4755:Dean Acheson 4748: 4737: 4733:atomic spies 4718: 4692:was that of 4687: 4659: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4605: 4577: 4573:people's war 4566: 4553:Kokoda track 4550: 4542: 4510: 4502: 4483: 4481: 4477:Pearl Harbor 4464: 4451: 4443: 4435: 4427: 4407: 4383: 4375: 4355: 4346:Pearl Harbor 4343: 4323: 4319: 4304: 4284: 4261: 4230: 4225: 4211: 4209: 4200:War strategy 4179: 4158:Soviet Union 4150: 4131: 4124:Adolf Hitler 4117: 4104:World War II 4087: 4067: 4043: 4027: 4012: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3983:Erwin Rommel 3978: 3964: 3957: 3949: 3926: 3906: 3859: 3855: 3814: 3799: 3790: 3775:Please help 3763: 3727: 3719: 3707: 3699: 3688: 3665: 3630:breechloader 3627: 3604: 3589: 3580: 3565:Please help 3553: 3530: 3526: 3518:intelligence 3511: 3503: 3487: 3482: 3463: 3459: 3442: 3440: 3424: 3413: 3397: 3360: 3351: 3336:Please help 3324: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3256: 3240: 3228: 3222:fighting in 3193: 3174: 3159: 3150: 3135:Please help 3123: 3075: 3069: 3064: 3048: 3042: 3030: 3028: 3008: 3004: 2988: 2967:Genghis Khan 2960: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2875: 2863: 2836: 2790: 2775:Maginot Line 2751: 2746: 2739: 2679: 2673: 2646: 2640:January 2022 2637: 2617: 2593: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2522: 2495: 2475: 2458:nation state 2435: 2392:Strategy map 2262:Sharon Oster 2230:Liddell Hart 2158: 2110:Fundamentals 2097: 2092:Arthashastra 2090: 2071: 2066: 2051: 2036: 2020: 2019: 1920:Fifth column 1900:War resister 1895:Women in war 1790:Peacekeeping 1735:Arms control 1680: 1369:Mobilization 1364:Conscription 1322:Intelligence 1275:Organization 966: 921: 850:Encirclement 730:Radiological 666:Conventional 520:Subterranean 427:Development: 426: 403: 365: 327: 290:Naval units: 289: 282:Signal corps 249: 227:Intelligence 212:Specialties: 211: 136:Organization 87:Early modern 6446:Culminating 5590:12 December 4918:in 1991 or 4903:(PKK), and 4744:superpowers 4740:third world 4694:containment 4640:valley and 4628:during the 4600:land reform 4546:John Curtin 4472:oil boycott 4373:programme. 4296:Appeasement 4186:Appeasement 4154:re-armament 3969:and modern 3892:(1917) and 3793:August 2014 3745:World War I 3672:Cold Harbor 3649:Steam power 3645:Confederate 3583:August 2014 3522:generalship 3453:during the 3354:August 2014 3189:World War I 3153:August 2014 3032:schwerpunkt 2944:Middle Ages 2845:used their 2821:Zhuge Liang 2782:Development 2771:barbed wire 2767:machine gun 2710:Mass Type ( 2698:FM 3–0 2338:Five forces 2298:Value chain 2226:Jim Collins 2181:Game theory 2104:battlefield 1905:War studies 1728:Non-warfare 1656:Appeasement 1621:Martial law 1460:War economy 1399:Transgender 1352:Recruitment 1112:Containment 997:Culminating 905:Operational 825:Envelopment 768:Air assault 649:Air cavalry 609:Air defence 589:Information 490:Cold-region 455:Battlespace 404:Historical: 250:Land units: 176:Space force 171:Coast guard 104:Late modern 65:Prehistoric 6533:Categories 6192:2020-04-02 6149:2020-04-02 6058:2014-07-22 5999:2017-01-31 5966:2017-01-31 5899:Wiktionary 5889:Vom Kriege 5777:Vom Kriege 5640:2011-12-29 5516:2012-07-31 5185:2021-01-15 5121:References 5087:Battleplan 5049:Blitzkrieg 4920:Yugoslavia 4914:– witness 4873:multipolar 4861:See also: 4770:Strategies 4702:Deterrence 4678:insurgency 4630:Korean War 4603:mainland. 4596:Long March 4580:Communists 4569:Mao Zedong 4557:New Guinea 4539:Australian 4371:Lend-Lease 4285:Since the 4226:Mein Kampf 4213:Mein Kampf 4133:Lebensraum 4090:leadership 4078:Blitzkrieg 4074:Truppenamt 3979:blitzkrieg 3966:blitzkrieg 3918:poison gas 3874:amphibious 3637:minie ball 3494:leadership 3484:Clausewitz 3432:philosophy 3400:Wellington 3392:See also: 3216:musketeers 3105:Napoleonic 2892:campaign, 2759:Napoleonic 2599:Principles 2530:world wars 2492:Background 2266:Chris Zook 2253:J.C. Wylie 2212:Gary Hamel 1965:War crimes 1955:Operations 1862:Foot drill 1832:Battle cry 1745:deterrence 1404:Harassment 1379:Specialism 1202:Technology 1197:Succession 1142:Liberation 1077:Asymmetric 1012:Empty fort 923:Blitzkrieg 892:Withdrawal 855:Investment 634:Camouflage 629:Biological 567:Underwater 542:Amphibious 461:Aerospace 328:Air units: 305:Submarines 114:fourth-gen 109:industrial 97:napoleonic 6491:Offensive 6471:Defensive 6466:Deception 6436:Attrition 6111:April 13, 5910:See U.S. 5670:στρατηγός 5654:στρατηγία 5621:: 69–80. 5577:780900309 5415:31 August 5402:780900309 5349:0026-3397 5299:Bloomberg 4922:in 1999. 4893:Hezbollah 4764:communism 4749:American 4725:espionage 4675:Communist 4646:the South 4249:Wehrmacht 4241:Churchill 4231:Once the 4171:Anschluss 4138:communism 4098:transport 4094:telegraph 4030:air power 4009:Inter war 3937:total war 3829:stalemate 3764:does not 3739:arms race 3702:telegraph 3676:Vicksburg 3657:telegraph 3653:ironclads 3554:does not 3449:were the 3325:does not 3204:artillery 3196:divisions 3124:does not 3065:Strategie 3015:trebuchet 2938:Byzantium 2910:strategos 2906:strategia 2894:deception 2890:guerrilla 2847:sea power 2787:Antiquity 2632:talk page 2588:diplomacy 2584:divisions 2506:logistics 2047:deception 2038:strategos 1852:War novel 1755:Grey-zone 1715:War games 1676:Overmatch 1626:War crime 1576:Desertion 1566:Ceasefire 1561:Armistice 1448:Logistics 1426:Mercenary 1414:Volunteer 1345:Personnel 1317:Engineers 1262:Sociology 1217:World war 1212:Total war 1192:Strategic 1182:Religious 1167:Political 1162:Perpetual 1137:Irregular 1052:Offensive 1027:Defensive 1022:Deception 982:Attrition 835:Guerrilla 830:Formation 773:Airbridge 705:Loitering 619:Artillery 272:Artillery 222:Engineers 190:Irregular 161:Air force 6514:Category 5868:26746704 5772:26746704 5485:Strategy 5202:Strategy 4968:Strategy 4956:See also 4945:Al-Qaeda 4905:Al-Qaeda 4690:Cold War 4684:Cold War 4527:and the 4499:American 4461:Japanese 4259:(1940). 4017:and the 4015:aircraft 3943:against 3661:skirmish 3306:Waterloo 3283:flanking 3249:. After 3224:skirmish 3179:and the 3090:Prussian 3043:In 1520 3019:ballista 2965:emperor 2914:compound 2886:blockade 2884:action, 2859:Carthage 2855:Hannibal 2841:how the 2809:Hannibal 2797:Chanakya 2688:General 2626:You may 2466:alliance 2283:Concepts 2150:Strategy 2127:Strategy 2119:a series 2117:Part of 2087:Chanakya 1867:War song 1842:War film 1475:Materiel 1394:Children 1374:Training 1312:Medicine 1297:Doctrine 1252:Training 1187:Resource 1172:Princely 1122:Economic 1107:Conquest 1102:Colonial 1097:Cold war 1082:Blockade 967:Strategy 939:Maneuver 700:Infantry 656:Chemical 510:Mountain 470:Airborne 333:Fighters 300:Warships 255:Infantry 181:Reserves 129:Military 6353:excerpt 6351:(2013) 6237:excerpt 6235:(2023) 5921:, U.K. 5894:Politik 5810:7 April 5357:2109166 4962:General 4842:Russian 4831:Russian 4820:Russian 4809:Russian 4798:Russian 4714:bipolar 4710:proxies 4649:at the 4590:in the 4586:led by 4281:British 4245:Channel 4114:Pre-war 4085:Corps. 4050:Cambrai 3929:Entente 3894:Megiddo 3886:cavalry 3843:and at 3785:removed 3770:sources 3682:or the 3575:removed 3560:sources 3420:Blücher 3346:removed 3331:sources 3226:lines. 3212:pikemen 3145:removed 3130:sources 3076:In the 3070:Tactica 2992:Persian 2972:Eurasia 2918:stratos 2793:Sun Tzu 2700:) are: 2676:Sun Tzu 2538:cavalry 2534:company 2525:tactics 2502:tactics 2498:trivium 2440:and of 2438:warfare 2239:Sun Tzu 2100:tactics 2068:Sun Tzu 2043:general 1980:Writers 1975:Weapons 1940:Battles 1889:Related 1877:Wargame 1872:Uniform 1820:Culture 1601:Perfidy 1596:Justice 1517:Science 1502:Outpost 1455:History 1435:Warrior 1431:Soldier 1419:foreign 1357:counter 1257:Service 1207:Theater 1147:Limited 1127:Endemic 1042:Nuclear 815:Foxhole 790:Cavalry 778:Airdrop 763:Airlift 748:Tactics 720:Nuclear 710:Missile 639:Cavalry 624:Barrage 602:Weapons 562:Surface 343:Command 338:Bombers 295:Frogman 265:Cavalry 237:Medical 204:Militia 186:Regular 166:Marines 80:castles 70:Ancient 58:History 37:outline 6461:Mosaic 6456:Fabian 6365: 6293: 6271: 6216: 6183: 5990: 5957: 5881:German 5866: 5818:On War 5816:wrote 5801: 5770: 5575: 5565: 5507: 5400: 5390: 5355: 5347: 5309:18 May 5279:22 May 5254:22 May 5224: 4950:netwar 4939:Netwar 4899:, the 4424:Soviet 4394:Sicily 4218:Hitler 4142:Nazism 4109:German 4083:Panzer 3837:Verdun 3827:was a 3633:rifles 3489:On War 3434:, and 3418:under 3208:cannon 2976:levies 2963:Mongol 2843:Romans 2763:trench 2757:, saw 2747:ad hoc 2668:Cimbri 2542:panzer 2510:Carnot 1960:Sieges 1644:Theory 1384:Morale 1242:Policy 1237:Branch 1017:Mosaic 1007:Fabian 954:Covert 887:Trench 872:Screen 795:Charge 785:Battle 758:Aerial 676:Denial 644:Horses 572:Seabed 525:Tunnel 505:Jungle 495:Desert 465:Aerial 6486:Naval 6476:Depth 6105:(PDF) 6098:(PDF) 5949:[ 5864:JSTOR 5768:JSTOR 5634:(PDF) 5611:(PDF) 5584:(PDF) 5555:(PDF) 5409:(PDF) 5380:(PDF) 5353:JSTOR 5126:Notes 4753:like 4531:that 4272:Japan 4224:. In 3841:Somme 3641:Union 3200:corps 2902:Greek 2898:feint 2857:with 2833:Mahan 2580:corps 2035:word 2033:Greek 1933:Lists 1389:Women 1327:Ranks 1247:Staff 1177:Proxy 1092:Class 1047:Naval 1032:Depth 867:Swarm 860:Siege 840:Naval 820:Drone 715:Music 690:Robot 686:Drone 671:Cyber 614:Armor 584:Cyber 557:Green 552:Brown 515:Urban 475:Space 396:Radar 391:Sonar 260:Armor 217:Staff 195:Ranks 6481:Goal 6419:list 6363:ISBN 6317:The 6291:ISBN 6269:ISBN 6214:ISBN 6181:ISBN 6113:2010 6032:help 5988:ISBN 5955:ISBN 5917:and 5812:2024 5799:ISBN 5686:ἀγός 5592:2017 5573:OCLC 5563:ISBN 5505:ISBN 5417:2013 5398:OCLC 5388:ISBN 5345:ISSN 5311:2013 5281:2013 5256:2013 5222:ISBN 4916:Iraq 4865:and 4757:and 4727:and 4667:Peru 4396:and 4264:USSR 4019:tank 3909:navy 3890:Gaza 3768:any 3766:cite 3693:and 3674:and 3651:and 3643:and 3635:and 3617:and 3558:any 3556:cite 3329:any 3327:cite 3214:and 3175:The 3128:any 3126:cite 3013:. 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