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branches that reaches heights of up to 7 metres (23 ft). It has a cylindrical and fleshy stem with fragile succulent twigs that are 7 millimetres (0.28 in) thick, often produced in whorls, finely striated longitudinally. The oval leaves are 1 to 2.5 centimetres (0.39 to 0.98 in) long
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is extremely irritating to the skin and mucosa and is toxic. Exposure to it can cause temporary blindness. Skin contact causes severe irritation, redness and a burning sensation. If ingested, it can cause burns to the mouth, lips and tongue. It is suggested to wear
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has been promoted as an anticancer agent, but research shows that it suppresses the immune system, promotes tumor growth, and leads to the development of certain types of cancer.
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to grow on land that is not suitable for most other crops. Calvin estimated that 10 to 50 barrels of oil per acre was achievable. In the 1980s the
Brazilian national
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Wolfgang Franke: Agricultural crops. Usable crops of temperate latitudes, subtropics and tropics . 6th, revised and expanded edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 1997,
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and has been introduced to many other tropical regions, such as Brazil, India, Vietnam, the
Philippines and Ghana. It grows in dry areas, especially the
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351:, and is often used to feed cattle or as hedging. It is well known in Sri Lanka where it is called Kalli in Tamil, as mentioned in the
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began experiments based on these ideas. It has also been used in the production of rubber, but neither have been very successful.
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and about 3 to 4 millimetres (0.12 to 0.16 in) wide; they usually fall off early. It contains a milky, toxic and corrosive
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It has a wide distribution in Africa in black clay soils, being prominently present in northeastern, central and
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343:. It may also be native in other parts of the continent as well as some surrounding islands and the
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in many cultures. Attempts have been made to use it to treat cancer, excrescence, tumors, warts,
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841:"Are plant factors a missing link in the evolution of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma?"
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for producing oil. This usage is particularly appealing because of the ability of
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The pencil tree is a shrub or small tree with pencil-thick, green, smooth,
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van den Bosch C, Griffin BB, Gazembe B, Dziweni C, Kadzamira L (1993).
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734:"Man hospitalized after encounter with pencil cactus plant"
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331:. The yellow flowers are at the ends of the branches.
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8:
284:) is a tree native to Africa that grows in
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66:
42:
31:
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453:of the disease rather than a treatment.
419:, and toothaches in countries including
392:gear and gloves for handling the plant.
810:Tumbuhan-tumbuhan perubatan herba, P.13
713:United States Department of Agriculture
704:Germplasm Resources Information Network
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597:List of ineffective cancer treatments
7:
898:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
371:Weradi Navahandi or Gass Nawahandi.
1342:IUCN Red List least concern species
642:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
788:from the original on 26 April 2015
25:
585:Mature tree in West Bengal, India
1267:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348517-1
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472:to propose the exploitation of
461:Its latex can also be used as
445:has also been associated with
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763:Ayurveda Plants of Sri Lanka
709:Agricultural Research Service
1367:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1388:
369:වැරදි නවහන්දි, ගස් නවහන්දි
298:, it produces a poisonous
51:Mature tree in Mozambique
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302:that can cause temporary
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105:Scientific classification
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64:
55:
50:
41:
34:
1362:Plants described in 1753
827:Handbook of Energy Crops
782:American Cancer Society
631:Haevermans, T. (2017).
534:Mature tree in Tanzania
449:and is thought to be a
361:Eelattu Poothanthevanar
822:Euphorbia tirucalli L.
602:List of vegetable oils
506:Botanical illustration
319:
317:
1357:Least concern plants
1352:Succulent euphorbias
857:10.1038/bjc.1993.510
669:"Appendices | CITES"
649:: e.T44452A117034216
405:alternative medicine
396:Traditional medicine
947:Euphorbia tirucalli
917:Euphorbia tirucalli
893:Euphorbia tirucalli
698:Euphorbia tirucalli
635:Euphorbia tirucalli
443:Euphorbia tirucalli
439:Euphorbia tirucalli
401:Euphorbia tirucalli
256:(commonly known as
253:Euphorbia tirucalli
236:Euphorbia tirucalli
58:Conservation status
36:Euphorbia tirucalli
447:Burkitt's lymphoma
411:, cough, earache,
320:
258:Indian tree spurge
1329:
1328:
1223:Open Tree of Life
909:Taxon identifiers
345:Arabian Peninsula
296:hydrocarbon plant
249:
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218:E. tirucalli
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16:(Redirected from
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27:Species of plant
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886:External links
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736:. 12 May 2017.
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270:pencil cactus
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227:Binomial name
224:
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194:Euphorbiaceae
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135:Tracheophytes
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73:Least Concern
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829:, James Duke
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790:. Retrieved
758:
742:
728:
716:. Retrieved
702:
697:
676:. Retrieved
672:
663:
651:. Retrieved
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478:E. tirucalli
477:
474:E. tirucalli
473:
460:
442:
438:
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385:E. tirucalli
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184:Malpighiales
167:
154:
141:
128:
35:
29:
1184:NatureServe
1093:iNaturalist
941:Wikispecies
845:Br J Cancer
561:Mature tree
548:Golden form
465:. This led
403:is used as
310:Description
266:pencil tree
148:Angiosperms
91:Appendix II
1336:Categories
1236:Plant List
807:(in Malay)
678:2024-01-17
613:References
417:rheumatism
379:The milky
375:Toxicology
274:fire stick
262:naked lady
1347:Euphorbia
1241:kew-82539
1059:242321544
1041:FloraBase
673:cites.org
607:Biodiesel
486:Petrobras
482:petroleum
429:Indonesia
413:neuralgia
353:Akananuru
324:succulent
304:blindness
286:semi-arid
282:milk bush
212:Species:
205:Euphorbia
118:Kingdom:
1306:12800056
1301:Tropicos
1288:Species+
1189:2.132222
1124:10859713
1111:348517-1
926:Wikidata
792:28 March
786:Archived
778:"Aveloz"
718:16 March
591:See also
484:company
451:cofactor
433:Malaysia
292:climates
289:tropical
190:Family:
161:Eudicots
78:IUCN 3.1
18:Milkbush
1280:574-352
1215:1491970
1171:MoBotPF
1072:3069353
1020:1143756
1002:Ecocrop
932:Q883685
875:8260378
866:1968631
492:Gallery
467:chemist
365:Sinhala
363:and in
355:by the
349:savanna
335:Habitat
200:Genus:
180:Order:
122:Plantae
93: (
76: (
1249:PLANTS
1228:566965
1202:142860
1176:280091
1150:502550
1098:162855
1085:400211
981:117070
968:105935
965:APDB:
955:AoFP:
873:
863:
750:
653:6 June
431:, and
421:Brazil
409:asthma
278:aveloz
174:Rosids
1293:16463
1275:SANBI
1163:44452
1137:21381
1119:IRMNG
1046:18124
1033:EPHTI
994:3CQZM
425:India
383:from
381:latex
359:poet
300:latex
168:Clade
155:Clade
142:Clade
129:Clade
95:CITES
89:CITES
1262:POWO
1254:EUTI
1210:OBIS
1197:NCBI
1158:IUCN
1145:ITIS
1106:IPNI
1080:GRIN
1067:GBIF
1028:EPPO
1007:6040
976:APNI
958:1659
871:PMID
794:2013
748:ISBN
720:2010
655:2021
647:2017
463:fuel
457:Uses
294:. A
1314:WFO
1132:ISC
1054:FoC
1015:EoL
989:CoL
896:in
861:PMC
853:doi
825:in
700:L."
329:sap
280:or
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978::
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869:.
859:.
849:68
847:.
843:.
784:.
780:.
769:^
711:,
707:.
687:^
671:.
645:.
639:.
621:^
435:.
427:,
423:,
415:,
367::
306:.
276:,
272:,
268:,
264:,
260:,
243:L.
170::
157::
144::
131::
877:.
855::
796:.
722:.
696:"
681:.
657:.
637:"
633:"
97:)
80:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
