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There are male and female colonies and both release their respective genetic material into the water column. This is where fertilization occurs. First, an ampullae is made on the surface of the coral, this is where the genetic material is made. The release of the contents (referred to as spawning)
259:
The irregular patches of this coral appear different depending on age. Younger patches are made up of corals with rounded edges, while older patches tend to have sharper edges, the resulting shape can be known as 'box-like' or 'honeycombed'. With age, the corals can appear square, and connected
338:
These corals undergo asexual and sexual reproduction. Along with this, the reproduction occurs once colonies become mature in the spring or summer. The specific date is unknown, however each species spawns at a different period which prevents genetic material interacting with other fire coral
250:
as well as in the western
Atlantic. They are very common on fringing reefs in patches. They have a smooth surface covered in tiny pores from which polyps protrude. They can reach up to 5 centimeters in height and can range from brown or tan in color with slight purple or red tints. It is
276:
prefer shallow water and hard substrate, and tend to be more common where there is heavy surf. These corals are found up to 20m of water and are located in various parts of reefs, including the "reef crest, reef flat, and reef front". They are located in the intertidal zone.
348:
occurs before dark, and the material will be fertilized or dead within 12 hours of spawning. Depending on conditions the fertilized material (larvae) can live in the water column up to a month. Once that larva has attached to a substrate it will begin asexual reproduction.
375:
Coral formation: As the corals age they create complex structures that serve as habitats for other organisms. Due to pieces of the coral breaking off, as many are located in high surf areas, new colonies can form throughout the reef through clonal propagation.
264:
differ from other corals in the genus due to the high number of dactylozooids on the surface, the dactylopores they reside in are also smaller when compared to other corals in this genus. These corals produce calcium carbonate skeletons.
301:
The heavier surf that these corals are found in may have resulted in the coral being more sturdy, through compact and wide bases. The name fire coral comes from the stinging sensation that occurs when they are touched. This is due to
368:
Fertilization occurs in the water column, followed by settlement, metamorphosis, and the formation of coral. The larvae stage, in between the fertilizations and water column, and the formation of coral is outlined below.
359:
produce a large amount of offspring and can reproduce through fragmentation. The main use of asexual reproduction is once larvae has attached to a substrate asexual reproduction, budding in this case, will be used.
251:
commonly known as "box fire coral", which refers to its box-like structure and the stinging sensation felt when touched with a bare hand. These corals are important to reef-building.
322:) and "defensive polyps" (dactylozoids), which capture plankton as it is carried by the current. In order to get the necessary nutrients for calcium carbonate skeleton production
989:
552:
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Outside of the
Caribbean Sea this species can be found as far south as Brazil in the Western Atlantic. There is discussion about what separates species of the
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genus due to a reduction in the calcium carbonate that can be used by the corals. Along with this, many predators are deterred due to the stinging cells on
32:
818:
857:
484:
Lewis, John B. (July 1996). "Spatial
Distributions of the Calcareous Hydrozoans Millepora Complanata and Millepora Squarrosa on Coral Reefs".
909:
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Larvae: The larvae can attach to any hard substrate, i.e.. naturally occurring or manmade. Prior to attachment the larvae are pelagic.
999:
702:
961:
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56:
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in the
Caribbean Sea and in Brazil, although less frequently. The patches of these corals are not continuous.
651:
E. Dubé, Caroline; A.F. Bourmaud, Chloé; Mercière, Alexandre; Planes, Serge; Boissin, Emilie (2020-01-22),
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994:
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585:"Morphological and genetic evaluation of the hydrocoral Millepora species complex in the Caribbean"
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Discontinuous distribution of the tropical West
Atlantic hydrocoral Millepora squarrosa
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is often the first effected. The bleaching events have caused local extinction of
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553:"Marine Species Identification Portal: Box fire coral - Millepora squarrosa"
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601:
584:
901:
790:
118:
108:
583:
Ruiz-Ramos, Dannise V; Weil, Ernesto; Schizas, Nikolaos V (2014-01-20).
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Corals are suspension feeders that filter water, and consume plankton.
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729:
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Modern and ancient coral associations of the Cayman
Islands
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genus, however the most recent literature references
780:
330:, and the specific algae depends on location.
754:"Corals can reproduce asexually and sexually"
8:
661:Invertebrates - Ecophysiology and Management
392:after the larvae has attached to substrate.
990:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
768:
326:corals have a symbiotic relationship with
50:
31:
20:
692:
600:
730:"Box Fire Coral - Encyclopedia of Life"
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687:(PhD thesis). University of Alberta.
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431:They are categorized as endangered.
459:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
653:"Ecology, Biology and Genetics of
209:Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
14:
416:is causing harm to corals in the
318:corals feed by "feeding polyps" (
524:. Beaufortia. pp. 195–203.
520:Weerdt, Wallie H. (1990-01-01).
75:
683:Hunter, Ian G. (Spring 1994).
1:
448:Nunes, F.; Sweet, M. (2022).
500:– via Ingenta Connect.
260:masses create a cube shape.
657:Hydrocorals on Coral Reefs"
1016:
557:species-identification.org
486:Bulletin of Marine Science
246:that can be found in the
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72:Scientific classification
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48:
39:
30:
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1000:Corals described in 1816
602:10.1186/1810-522x-53-4
466:: e.T133143A179619810.
222:Millepora tuberculata
57:Critically Endangered
384:As with all corals,
16:Species of hydrozoan
782:Millepora squarrosa
452:Millepora squarrosa
414:Ocean acidification
274:Millepora squarrosa
217:Milne Edwards, 1860
206:Millepora faveolata
181:Millepora squarrosa
42:Conservation status
25:Millepora squarrosa
758:Florida Keys, NOAA
589:Zoological Studies
498:10.1007/bf00290424
214:Millepora folliata
977:
976:
923:Open Tree of Life
774:Taxon identifiers
694:10.7939/R3RN30D4P
404:occurs the genus
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225:Duchassaing, 1850
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163:M. squarrosa
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402:coral bleaching
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422:M. squarrosa.
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248:Caribbean Sea
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172:Binomial name
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129:Anthoathecata
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995:Milleporidae
781:
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748:
737:. Retrieved
733:
684:
665:, retrieved
663:, IntechOpen
660:
654:
592:
588:
560:. Retrieved
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427:Conservation
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386:M. squarrosa
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334:Reproduction
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281:Distribution
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262:M. squarrosa
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139:Milleporidae
24:
18:
936:SeaLifeBase
832:iNaturalist
492:: 188–195.
364:Life Stages
320:gastrozoids
304:nematocysts
297:Adaptations
291:M.squarrosa
255:Description
984:Categories
739:2022-04-25
667:2022-04-25
562:2022-04-25
530:1176342846
435:References
244:fire coral
655:Millepora
611:1810-522X
418:Millepora
412:species.
410:Millepora
406:Millepora
357:Millepora
339:species.
324:Millepora
316:Millepora
287:Millepora
239:squarrosa
236:Millepora
157:Species:
150:Millepora
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
949:Species+
850:10697003
797:Q3322862
791:Wikidata
713:46501418
380:Movement
197:Synonyms
135:Family:
119:Hydrozoa
109:Cnidaria
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
928:3680748
824:2265099
734:eol.org
396:Threats
390:sessile
352:Asexual
269:Habitat
188:Lamarck
145:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
967:287425
915:287425
902:903563
889:544505
876:133143
837:105889
711:
701:
609:
528:
343:Sexual
190:, 1816
962:WoRMS
941:42963
863:50878
845:IRMNG
811:43CZY
595:(1).
400:When
954:5912
910:OBIS
884:NCBI
871:IUCN
858:ITIS
819:GBIF
709:OCLC
699:ISBN
607:ISSN
526:OCLC
464:2022
388:are
310:Diet
806:CoL
689:doi
597:doi
494:doi
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591:.
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462:.
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306:.
760:.
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691::
613:.
599::
565:.
532:.
496::
454:"
450:"
64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
