287:
until "either the father or his child takes certain affirmative steps to create or confirm their relationship". His interpretation of existing law was that unmarried men were not fathers unless they chose to be, while a woman's biological tie to her child formed the legal basis of her relationship. Justices
Ginsburg, Souter, and Breyer dissented, agreeing with Miller that the law in question was discriminatory, but concurred that it did not reach the threshold applicable for heightened scrutiny for gender discrimination. Ginsburg's dissent detailed the history of discrimination against women in the nationality law of the United States, including the inability to transmit nationality to children born abroad prior to 1934.
2339:
31:
286:
Six of the nine justices of the
Supreme Court rejected Miller's challenge to the law, in three separate opinions that denied her citizenship claim for different reasons. Steven's opinion, stated that in considering nationality, men are not fathers, regardless of whether paternity is questionable,
282:
to an
American father and a Philippine mother (who were not married). She later applied for a U.S. passport, but was turned down on the grounds that she was not a U.S. citizen. Miller challenged the law under which she had been denied citizenship, claiming that the law was unconstitutionally
118:
A law providing narrower standards for United States citizenship for a child born abroad out of wedlock to an
American father, as opposed to an American mother, was justified by important government interests and did not violate the equal protection guarantee of the Fifth
270:, to an American parent. The Court declined to overturn a more restrictive citizenship requirement applying to an illegitimate foreign-born child of an American father, as opposed to a child born to an American mother under similar circumstances.
2056:
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2184:
421:
2404:
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315:
case facilitated government objectives by identifying biological parent-child relationships and ensuring that customary ties between the child and parent exist before nationality is granted.
283:
discriminatory because it imposed stricter requirements for a foreign-born illegitimate child of an
American father than would have applied if her American parent had been her mother.
518:
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434:(1). Charlottesville, Virginia: John Bassett Moore Society of International Law: 93–139.
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1804:
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681:
529:
186:
154:
304:
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1368:
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468:"Protecting Sex: Sexual Disincentives and Sex-Based Discrimination in Nguyen V. INS"
1751:
267:
166:
67:
279:
2057:
Williamson County
Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
101:
to the United States Court of
Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; 96
2225:
Stop the Beach
Renourishment v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection
458:
97:
491:
439:
483:
447:
79:
1768:
Department of
Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California
547:
2185:
Tahoe-Sierra
Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
422:"Gendered States: A Comparative Construction of Citizenship and Nation"
478:(1). New York, New York: Columbia University School of Law: 222–273.
54:
Lorelyn Penero Miller v. Madeleine K. Albright, Secretary of State
1865:
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago
359:
357:
262:
case in which the Court upheld the validity of laws relating to
102:
2089:
First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. Los Angeles County
1802:
1393:
1146:
724:
642:
600:
559:
30:
2209:
San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City & County of San Francisco
2405:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
2354:
2233:
Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. United States
2249:
Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District
1075:
992:
973:
922:
863:
780:
737:
239:
231:
223:
215:
207:
199:
194:
123:
112:
92:
87:
59:
49:
42:
23:
2001:Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City
1440:Railroad Retirement Board v. Alton Railroad Co.
387:
375:
363:
348:
336:
311:by a 5–4 majority that the law at issue in the
2073:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
2374:
612:
571:
266:for children born outside the United States,
8:
2033:Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.
2025:Webb's Fabulous Pharmacies, Inc. v. Beckwith
2113:Preseault v. Interstate Commerce Commission
1929:Louisville Joint Stock Land Bank v. Radford
2381:
2367:
2289:Pakdel v. City and County of San Francisco
1905:Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co. v. United States
1799:
1390:
1143:
734:
721:
639:
619:
605:
597:
578:
564:
556:
20:
2410:United States Citizenship Clause case law
211:O'Connor (in judgment), joined by Kennedy
2273:Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania
2153:Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
2420:United States equal protection case law
2193:Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington
2161:Phillips v. Washington Legal Foundation
2129:Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
2097:Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
1913:Rindge Company v. County of Los Angeles
399:
329:
1448:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
219:Scalia (in judgment), joined by Thomas
2257:Horne v. Department of Agriculture II
1937:United States v. General Motors Corp.
1857:Monongahela Nav. Co. v. United States
1100:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber
427:Virginia Journal of International Law
18:1998 United States Supreme Court case
7:
2335:
2333:
2241:Horne v. Department of Agriculture I
1953:Kimball Laundry Co. v. United States
2041:Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
1496:Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
2353:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
2347:Supreme Court of the United States
2065:United States v. Riverside Bayview
1849:Head v. Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.
1704:Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña
472:Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
235:Breyer, joined by Souter, Ginsburg
227:Ginsburg, joined by Souter, Breyer
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2425:United States Supreme Court stubs
2400:United States Supreme Court cases
525:420 (1998) is available from:
2337:
2049:Ruckelshaus v. Montanato Company
845:Bravo-Fernandez v. United States
29:
1961:United States v. Pewee Coal Co.
1696:Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. FCC
466:Weinrib, Laura (January 2003).
278:Lorelyn Miller was born in the
2415:1998 in United States case law
1897:Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
1776:United States v. Vaello Madero
1736:Flores-Villar v. United States
1:
2305:Sheetz v. County of El Dorado
2281:Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid
2201:Lingle v. Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
2009:Kaiser Aetna v. United States
1424:Adkins v. Children's Hospital
628:United States Fifth Amendment
587:United States Fifth Amendment
258:, 523 U.S. 420 (1998), was a
2345:This article related to the
2169:Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel
1784:Department of State v. Muñoz
1049:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
982:Blockburger v. United States
746:Blockburger v. United States
203:Stevens, joined by Rehnquist
2105:Pennell v. City of San Jose
1760:Sessions v. Morales-Santana
789:United States v. Randenbush
260:United States Supreme Court
2441:
2332:
2217:Kelo v. City of New London
1993:Armstrong v. United States
1977:Nelson v. City of New York
1337:J. D. B. v. North Carolina
1265:Dickerson v. United States
674:Wong Wing v. United States
548:Oyez (oral argument audio)
2177:Palazzolo v. Rhode Island
1841:Cole v. City of La Grange
1811:
1798:
1592:United States v. Antelope
1402:
1389:
1249:Mitchell v. United States
1155:
1149:Self-Incrimination Clause
1142:
993:Dual sovereignty doctrine
813:Fong Foo v. United States
738:Meaning of "same offense"
733:
720:
690:United States v. Moreland
652:
638:
594:
264:U.S. citizenship at birth
244:
128:
117:
28:
2297:Tyler v. Hennepin County
2121:Yee v. City of Escondido
2017:Agins v. City of Tiburon
1873:Peabody v. United States
1744:United States v. Windsor
1520:Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld
1257:United States v. Hubbell
1116:North Carolina v. Pearce
1065:Denezpi v. United States
1025:United States v. Wheeler
2137:Dolan v. City of Tigard
1945:United States v. Causby
1833:United States v. Lawton
1552:Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong
1488:Frontiero v. Richardson
1305:Corley v. United States
1297:United States v. Patane
1161:Curcio v. United States
1057:Gamble v. United States
947:United States v. Dinitz
880:Ludwig v. Massachusetts
872:United States v. Wilson
805:Burton v. United States
706:United States v. Cotton
484:10.7916/cjgl.v12i1.2449
43:Argued November 4, 1997
1881:United States v. Cress
1656:Fullilove v. Klutznick
1512:Schlesinger v. Ballard
1416:Adair v. United States
1408:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1281:Yarborough v. Alvarado
1001:United States v. Lanza
931:United States v. Perez
912:Smith v. United States
904:United States v. Dixon
896:United States v. Felix
829:Burks v. United States
770:United States v. Dixon
762:United States v. Felix
727:Double Jeopardy Clause
45:Decided April 22, 1998
1825:Kohl v. United States
1329:Berghuis v. Thompkins
1169:Griffin v. California
1041:United States v. Lara
939:United States v. Jorn
797:Ball v. United States
658:Hurtado v. California
78:118 S. Ct. 1428; 140
1985:United States v. Dow
1632:Califano v. Westcott
1576:Califano v. Goldfarb
1225:Doe v. United States
1092:Palko v. Connecticut
963:Blueford v. Arkansas
418:Augustine-Adams, Kif
388:Augustine-Adams 2001
376:Augustine-Adams 2001
364:Augustine-Adams 2001
349:Augustine-Adams 2001
337:Augustine-Adams 2001
246:U.S. Const. amend. V
1817:Barron v. Baltimore
1664:Rostker v. Goldberg
1584:Califano v. Webster
1560:Washington v. Davis
1528:Mathews v. Eldridge
1480:Richardson v. Davis
1432:Nichols v. Coolidge
1321:Maryland v. Shatzer
1289:Missouri v. Seibert
1241:McNeil v. Wisconsin
1233:Illinois v. Perkins
1193:Williams v. Florida
1009:Bartkus v. Illinois
974:Multiple punishment
853:McElrath v. Georgia
539:Library of Congress
378:, pp. 104–105.
351:, pp. 100–101.
290:A subsequent case,
179:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
151:Sandra Day O'Connor
2313:DeVillier v. Texas
1712:Miller v. Albright
1672:Heckler v. Mathews
1608:Califano v. Torres
1536:Hills v. Gautreaux
1396:Due Process Clause
1273:Chavez v. Martinez
1209:Edwards v. Arizona
1201:Michigan v. Tucker
1177:Miranda v. Arizona
1124:Benton v. Maryland
1108:Baxstrom v. Herold
698:Beck v. Washington
631:criminal procedure
515:Miller v. Albright
339:, pp. 99–100.
255:Miller v. Albright
139:Associate Justices
24:Miller v. Albright
2362:
2361:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2265:Murr v. Wisconsin
2145:Babbitt v. Youpee
1794:
1793:
1728:Zadvydas v. Davis
1688:Bowen v. Gilliard
1640:Harris v. Rosario
1504:Morton v. Mancari
1464:Schneider v. Rusk
1456:Bolling v. Sharpe
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1313:Florida v. Powell
1185:Boulden v. Holman
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1017:Waller v. Florida
955:Oregon v. Kennedy
837:Evans v. Michigan
716:
715:
251:
250:
135:William Rehnquist
2432:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2341:
2334:
1969:Berman v. Parker
1921:Leonard v. Earle
1800:
1680:Lyng v. Castillo
1624:Davis v. Passman
1616:Vance v. Bradley
1568:Mathews v. Lucas
1472:Rogers v. Bellei
1391:
1361:Salinas v. Texas
1217:Oregon v. Elstad
1144:
1084:Ex parte Bigelow
1033:Heath v. Alabama
864:After conviction
735:
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108:(D.C. Cir. 1996)
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2081:Hodel v. Irving
1807:
1790:
1648:Harris v. McRae
1544:Mathews v. Diaz
1398:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1353:Howes v. Fields
1151:
1130:
1071:
988:
969:
918:
888:Grady v. Corbin
859:
821:Ashe v. Swenson
781:After acquittal
776:
754:Grady v. Corbin
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1889:Block v. Hirsh
1885:
1877:
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1805:Takings Clause
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1600:Fiallo v. Bell
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682:Maxwell v. Dow
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1720:Nguyen v. INS
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666:Ex parte Bain
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429:
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423:
420:(Fall 2001).
419:
415:
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409:
401:
396:
393:
390:, p. 98.
389:
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318:
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307: (2001),
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293:Nguyen v. INS
288:
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195:Case opinions
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131:Chief Justice
130:
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55:
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41:
37:
27:
22:
16:
2355:expanding it
2344:
2329:
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1752:Kerry v. Din
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1662:
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1406:
1367:
1359:
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1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1082:
1063:
1055:
1047:
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1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
980:
961:
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929:
910:
902:
894:
886:
878:
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843:
835:
827:
819:
811:
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795:
787:
768:
760:
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744:
704:
696:
688:
680:
672:
664:
656:
514:
495:. Retrieved
475:
471:
457:– via
451:. Retrieved
431:
425:
410:Bibliography
400:Weinrib 2003
395:
383:
371:
344:
332:
312:
291:
289:
285:
277:
254:
253:
252:
240:Laws applied
182:
170:
167:David Souter
158:
146:
96:
88:Case history
71:
53:
15:
280:Philippines
216:Concurrence
208:Concurrence
2394:Categories
645:Grand Jury
459:HeinOnline
319:References
119:Amendment.
98:Certiorari
492:1062-6220
440:0042-6571
324:Citations
200:Plurality
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
633:case law
589:case law
513:Text of
497:March 4,
453:March 4,
448:93293362
274:Details
232:Dissent
224:Dissent
113:Holding
2316:(2024)
2308:(2024)
2300:(2023)
2292:(2021)
2284:(2021)
2276:(2019)
2268:(2017)
2260:(2015)
2252:(2013)
2244:(2013)
2236:(2012)
2228:(2010)
2220:(2005)
2212:(2005)
2204:(2005)
2196:(2003)
2188:(2002)
2180:(2001)
2172:(1998)
2164:(1998)
2156:(1997)
2148:(1997)
2140:(1994)
2132:(1992)
2124:(1992)
2116:(1990)
2108:(1988)
2100:(1987)
2092:(1987)
2084:(1987)
2076:(1987)
2068:(1985)
2060:(1985)
2052:(1984)
2044:(1984)
2036:(1982)
2028:(1980)
2020:(1980)
2012:(1979)
2004:(1978)
1996:(1960)
1988:(1958)
1980:(1956)
1972:(1954)
1964:(1951)
1956:(1949)
1948:(1946)
1940:(1945)
1932:(1935)
1924:(1929)
1916:(1923)
1908:(1923)
1900:(1922)
1892:(1921)
1884:(1917)
1876:(1913)
1868:(1897)
1860:(1893)
1852:(1885)
1844:(1885)
1836:(1884)
1828:(1875)
1820:(1833)
1787:(2024)
1779:(2022)
1771:(2020)
1763:(2017)
1755:(2015)
1747:(2013)
1739:(2011)
1731:(2001)
1723:(2001)
1715:(1998)
1707:(1995)
1699:(1990)
1691:(1987)
1683:(1986)
1675:(1984)
1667:(1981)
1659:(1980)
1651:(1980)
1643:(1980)
1635:(1979)
1627:(1979)
1619:(1979)
1611:(1978)
1603:(1977)
1595:(1977)
1587:(1977)
1579:(1977)
1571:(1976)
1563:(1976)
1555:(1976)
1547:(1976)
1539:(1976)
1531:(1976)
1523:(1975)
1515:(1975)
1507:(1974)
1499:(1973)
1491:(1973)
1483:(1972)
1475:(1971)
1467:(1964)
1459:(1954)
1451:(1938)
1443:(1935)
1435:(1927)
1427:(1923)
1419:(1908)
1411:(1857)
1372:(2022)
1364:(2013)
1356:(2012)
1348:(2011)
1340:(2011)
1332:(2010)
1324:(2010)
1316:(2010)
1308:(2009)
1300:(2004)
1292:(2004)
1284:(2004)
1276:(2003)
1268:(2000)
1260:(2000)
1252:(1999)
1244:(1991)
1236:(1990)
1228:(1988)
1220:(1985)
1212:(1981)
1204:(1974)
1196:(1970)
1188:(1969)
1180:(1966)
1172:(1965)
1164:(1957)
1127:(1969)
1119:(1969)
1111:(1966)
1103:(1947)
1095:(1937)
1087:(1885)
1068:(2022)
1060:(2019)
1052:(2016)
1044:(2004)
1036:(1985)
1028:(1978)
1020:(1970)
1012:(1959)
1004:(1922)
985:(1932)
966:(2012)
958:(1982)
950:(1976)
942:(1971)
934:(1824)
915:(2023)
907:(1993)
899:(1992)
891:(1990)
883:(1976)
875:(1833)
856:(2024)
848:(2016)
840:(2013)
832:(1978)
824:(1970)
816:(1962)
808:(1906)
800:(1896)
792:(1834)
773:(1993)
765:(1992)
757:(1990)
749:(1932)
709:(2002)
701:(1962)
693:(1922)
685:(1900)
677:(1896)
669:(1887)
661:(1884)
647:Clause
551:
545:
542:
536:
533:
530:Justia
527:
490:
446:
438:
313:Miller
185:
183:·
181:
173:
171:·
169:
161:
159:·
157:
149:
147:·
145:
2349:is a
1076:Other
521:
300:
93:Prior
2351:stub
523:U.S.
499:2021
488:ISSN
455:2021
444:OCLC
436:ISSN
309:held
302:U.S.
106:1467
103:F.3d
73:more
65:U.S.
63:523
519:523
480:doi
298:533
82:575
68:420
2396::
517:,
486:.
476:12
474:.
470:.
442:.
432:41
430:.
424:.
356:^
305:53
296:,
2382:e
2375:t
2368:v
2357:.
620:e
613:t
606:v
579:e
572:t
565:v
501:.
482::
461:.
76:)
70:(
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