R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

1703:

sources of domestic law: Parliament and the courts. And, as explained in paras 13–15 above, before (i) signing and (ii) ratifying the 1972 Accession Treaty, ministers, acting internationally, waited for Parliament, acting domestically, (i) to give clear, if not legally binding, approval in the form of resolutions, and (ii) to enable the Treaty to be effective by passing the 1972 Act. Bearing in mind this unique history and the constitutional principle of Parliamentary sovereignty, it seems most improbable that those two parties had the intention or expectation that ministers, constitutionally the junior partner in that exercise, could subsequently remove the graft without formal appropriate sanction from the constitutionally senior partner in that exercise, Parliament.

1683:

unmake treaties, which operates wholly on the international plane, cannot be exercised in relation to the EU Treaties, at least in the absence of domestic sanction in appropriate statutory form. It follows that, rather than the Secretary of State being able to rely on the absence in the 1972 Act of any exclusion of the prerogative power to withdraw from the EU Treaties, the proper analysis is that, unless that Act positively created such a power in relation to those Treaties, it does not exist. And, once one rejects the contention that section 2 accommodates a ministerial power to withdraw from the EU Treaties (as to which see paras 79 and 84 above), it is plain that the 1972 Act did not create such a power of withdrawal, as the Secretary of State properly accepts.

812: 1605:

easily have said what effect the 2015 referendum was if it wanted to tell us, but it has not told us, and the courts should not try and guess what the legislature intended, but instead leave it to the legislature to decide; and that, as there is no parliamentary authorisation for the loss of rights resulting from withdrawal from the EU, whether under the 2015 Act, or any other legislation which has been passed by Parliament, the government's appeal should be dismissed. The Welsh Government submitted that the British Government's proposed Article 50 notification would be an unlawful dispensation by the Crown of the provisions establishing the competence of the Welsh Assembly.

1694:

meaning may have passed unnoticed in the democratic process". Had the Bill which became the 1972 Act spelled out that ministers would be free to withdraw the United Kingdom from the EU Treaties, the implications of what Parliament was being asked to endorse would have been clear, and the courts would have so decided. But we must take the legislation as it is, and we cannot accept that, in Part I of the 1972 Act, Parliament "squarely confront" the notion that it was clothing ministers with the far-reaching and anomalous right to use a treaty-making power to remove an important source of domestic law and important domestic rights.

749:) points out this is a decision solely for domestic law: whether constitutional requirements have been met is a matter solely for the domestic law of member states. The UK's constitutional requirements for the valid invocation of Article 50 was the entire basis of this litigation, even though this was undertaken without explicit reference to that phrase as in Art 50(1) in the judgments. As will be seen below, it was held that the UK constitutional requirements were that an Act of Parliament need be passed in order to bestow the power on the Secretary of State to invoke Article 50, as the 42: 826: 646:, asked whether an Act of Parliament was needed before notification could lawfully be given of the UK's intention to leave, and cited the arguments of Barber, Hickman and King in agreeing with them that an Act of Parliament was required. The government argued that the use of prerogative powers to enact the referendum result was constitutionally proper and consistent with domestic law whereas the opposing view was that the exercise of prerogative powers would undermine the European Communities Act 1972 and would set aside rights previously established by Parliament. 1601:

of the referendum was known: "It is simply a question of whether it would be proper and appropriate for the executive to exercise the prerogative in particular circumstances, and the circumstances that we have to address are those which exist today in light of the 2015 Act, which is of considerable constitutional importance and the decision made in the referendum, knowing that if Parliament wanted to intervene and limit the exercise of that prerogative right, it is free to do so and has chosen to remain silent."

1261:, in an editorial on 5 December 2016, expressed its regret that the High Court had heard the application at all, "instead of deciding that it was not the business of the judiciary to get involved in what is essentially a political matter" and its concern that "by upholding the lower court's ruling, the Supreme Court justices could find themselves dictating to Parliament – an inversion of the normal constitutional order, with potential consequences for the notion that Parliament is sovereign and thus supreme". 784:. At the hearing, lawyers for the government confirmed that the government would not issue an Article 50 notification before the end of 2016. In the court proceedings, the government contended that it would be constitutionally impermissible for the court to make a declaration in terms that the government could not lawfully issue notification under Article 50 unless authorised by an Act of Parliament, and stated that the declaration now being opposed would trespass on proceedings in Parliament. 1661: 1713:

constitutional importance of a statute, or any other document, and its length or complexity. A notice under article 50(2) could no doubt be very short indeed, but that would not undermine its momentous significance. The essential point is that, if, as we consider, what would otherwise be a prerogative act would result in a change in domestic law, the act can only lawfully be carried out with the sanction of primary legislation enacted by the Queen in Parliament.

1811: 707:, argued that the possibility to trigger Article 50 was based on the royal prerogative and so any consultation of elected members of parliament was unnecessary. Miller contended that, if notification under Article 50 were to be invoked to leave the European Union, it would effectively nullify a series of Acts of Parliament. It was a constitutional principle that Acts of Parliament could not be changed without the consent of Parliament. 6238: 715:... a referendum on any topic can only be advisory for the lawmakers in Parliament unless very clear language to the contrary is in the referendum legislation in question. No such language is used in the 2015 Referendum Act. Further, the 2015 Referendum Act was passed against a background including a clear briefing paper to parliamentarians explaining that the referendum would have advisory effect only. 1756: 1749: 1009:, which is binding under international law, including amendments to a treaty, and defines "ratification" as including acts (such as notification that domestic procedures have been completed) which establish as a matter of international law the United Kingdom's consent to be bound by the treaty, ratification of an amendment to a European Union treaty may involve compliance with the 1143: 1574:

appeal was concerned with the legal issues, and their duty was to consider those issues impartially and decide according to the law. He mentioned that all the parties involved in the proceedings had been asked whether they wished any of the justices to stand down, and each of them had stated that they had no objection to any of the eleven sitting on the appeal.

1679:

mentioned in para 35 above, he also stated that it was inappropriate for ministers to base their actions (or to invite the court to make any decision) on the basis of an anticipated repeal of a statutory provision as that would involve ministers (or the court) pre-empting Parliament’s decision whether to enact that repeal.

891:) outlined how the decision had been reached. In support of the contention that when passing the 2015 Act Parliament well knew of the Article 50 procedure for leaving the European Union if that was voted for in the referendum, he said that Parliament had previously dealt with it when the Lisbon Treaty was included in 5408: 636:(the formal procedure for withdrawing) on 29 March 2017. On the Monday following the referendum, three academics (Nick Barber, Tom Hickman and Jeff King) published a blog which argued that an Act of Parliament would be necessary before the Government could give notice to leave the EU. A few days later 1686:

87. We accept, of course, that it would have been open to Parliament to provide expressly that the constitutional arrangements and the EU rights introduced by the 1972 Act should themselves only prevail from time to time and for so long as the UK government did not decide otherwise, and in particular

1678:

cited above, at pp 551-552, Lord Browne-Wilkinson concluded that ministers could not exercise the prerogative power to set up a scheme of compensation for criminal injuries in such a way as to make a statutory scheme redundant, even though the statute in question was not yet in force. And, as already

1600:

Following on, the Advocate General for Scotland ended his oral submissions for the Appellant by saying that if an exercise of the royal prerogative to take the UK out of the EU were seen as an abuse of power after the 1972 Act, there could be no such abuse after the Referendum Act 2015 and the result

1492:

In the British government's appeal from the High Court, the British law officers and others, acting for the Secretary of State as the appellant, were instructed by the Government Legal Department; and the two respondents, Miller and Dos Santos, were represented by barristers and solicitors acting for

1468:

website article (3 December 2016) was that there was little expectation of the High Court's ruling being reversed by the Supreme Court. Another BBC webpage summed up the Scottish government's contention, against the British government's appeal, as arguing that the triggering of Article 50 will affect

1233:

described the attacks as "entirely unjustified", and said that "here seems to be a paranoid hysteria around that this is being done the referendum. But it's simply that there has to be a process followed if parliament is to give effect to and express the wish of the electorate." Brendan Cox, widower

1123:

The case had come before the court as a "rolled up" hearing, so that both the application for permission to seek judicial review and the substantive merits of the claim were considered at the hearing. Formally, this meant that permission for full judicial review on the substantive merits was granted.

710:

The Secretary of State did not contend that the Referendum Act 2015 supplied a statutory power for the Crown to give notice under Article 50. The Court observed that he was right not to do so, because any argument to that effect would have been untenable as a matter of statutory interpretation of the

1608:

In response to submissions of parties opposing the appeal and questions put by the Justices, it was said for the government that the question before the court was about "the present state of the division of responsibility between our pillars of state, legislative, executive, and indeed judicial, and

1604:

For the Respondent Miller it was argued that the Court should not accept that the legal limits on ministers' powers are to be left to or influenced by political control, or parliamentary control, short of an act of Parliament. For the Respondent Dos Santos it was submitted that the legislature could

1577:

At the start of the government's oral submissions, the Attorney-General said the claimants had brought High Court proceedings perfectly properly and it was now perfectly proper for the Supreme Court to decide the appeal. The Appellant's submissions, apart from devolution issues to be addressed later

1366:

In the appeal the government argued that, while Parliament's enactment of the European Communities Act 1972 was necessary to prevent the UK breaching the EEC treaties when they came into force on 1 January 1973, the 1972 act was a legal precondition neither for the signature nor for the ratification

1305:

to apply to join the case. Sturgeon maintained it "simply cannot be right" for EU rights to be "removed by the UK Government on the say-so of a Prime Minister without parliamentary debate, scrutiny or consent". She argued further that "legislation should be required at Westminster and the consent of

1693:

2 AC 115, 131, "the principle of legality means that Parliament must squarely confront what it is doing and accept the political cost", and so "undamental rights cannot be overridden by general … words" in a statute, "because there is too great a risk that the full implications of their unqualified

1588:

There is no basis for imposing a hidden legislative presumption on Parliament's intention: the rights in question in this case are created on the international plane, and then recognised by British law; EU rights on that plane are altered and removed through the Crown's prerogative powers, and that

1032:

The court's unanimous judgment was delivered and published on 3 November. The decision was against the government's contention that the Crown's prerogative allowed giving Article 50 notice, and the court would later decide on the form of declaration it would make. The court described the passing of

567:

The government's appeal was against the High Court order dated 7 November 2016 that formally declared: "The Secretary of State does not have power under the Crown's prerogative to give notice pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union for the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European

1612:

Closing the hearing, the Court President said that the appeal raised important constitutional issues, and the Justices would take time to give full consideration to the many arguments presented to them, orally and in writing, and they would do their best to resolve the case as quickly as possible.

1386:

Before the hearing, the Supreme Court invited the public to view video footage of the entire proceedings, and provided on its website a page headed "Article 50 'Brexit' Appeal" with multiple links, giving a brief explanation of the issues to be considered and other information, and stating that in

1288:

scheduled the four days between 5 and 8 December 2016 for the hearing. Judgment was delivered on 24 January 2017. By a majority of the justices, the Supreme Court, with three dissenting, dismissed the government's appeal from the High Court, finding that an Act of Parliament was required to invoke

1712:

122. What form such legislation should take is entirely a matter for Parliament. But, in the light of a point made in oral argument, it is right to add that the fact that Parliament may decide to content itself with a very brief statute is nothing to the point. There is no equivalence between the

1702:

90. The EU Treaties as implemented pursuant to the 1972 Act were and are unique in their legislative and constitutional implications. In 1972, for the first time in the history of the United Kingdom, a dynamic, international source of law was grafted onto, and above, the well-established existing

1573:

Before calling on the Attorney General to open the case for the government as Appellant, the Supreme Court President stated the justices were aware of the strong feelings associated with the many wider political questions surrounding the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union, but the

1048:: it was whether the Crown's executive government is entitled to use the Crown's prerogative powers to give notice under Article 50 for the United Kingdom to cease to be a member of the European Union. The court held that the Government had no power to trigger notification under article 50 of the 2332:) and the Northern Ireland applicants for judicial review (in Northern Ireland) (Agnew and others (Stephen Agnew, Colum Eastwood, David Ford, John O'Dowd, Dessie Donnelly, Dawn Purvis, Monica Wilson, The Committee on the Administration of Justice, The Human Rights Consortium), and Raymond McCord. 1253:

and defend the independence of the judiciary. On 5 November 2016, Truss issued a statement in which she said: "The independence of the judiciary is the foundation upon which our rule of law is built and our judiciary is rightly respected the world over for its independence and impartiality." Her

1682:

86. .. the EU Treaties not only concern the international relations of the United Kingdom, they are a source of domestic law, and they are a source of domestic legal rights many of which are inextricably linked with domestic law from other sources. Accordingly, the Royal prerogative to make and

1669:

51. ... ministers cannot frustrate the purpose of a statute or a statutory provision, for example by emptying it of content or preventing its effectual operation. Thus, ministers could not exercise prerogative powers at the international level to revoke the designation of Laker Airways under an

1370:

Intervening for the Scottish government, the Lord Advocate stated as background that the UK "acceded to the constitutional order of the Communities" when joining on 1 January 1973 and argued that "he purported giving of notification under Article 50 TEU by unilateral act of would be unlawful"

5118: 1563:

Fourth day: for the Scottish government (continued), followed by for the Welsh government, followed by for Interested Parties Grahame Pigney and others, followed by for Interested Parties AB, KK, PR and children, followed by for George Birnie and others, followed by for the Appellant in

1708:

121. Where, as in this case, implementation of a referendum result requires a change in the law of the land, and statute has not provided for that change, the change in the law must be made in the only way in which the UK constitution permits, namely through Parliamentary legislation.

1254:

statement was in turn criticised as belated and inadequate. The oath of office for judges obliges them to "well and truly serve" the Queen and "do right to all manner of people after the laws and usages" of the realm "without fear or favour, affection or ill will".

780:, stated that the court gave leave to Dos Santos to stay his proceedings and join as an interested party in Miller's case, and others, such as a group of unnamed clients who were separately represented, would have the option to be interested parties in the claim or 2746: 5694: 1127:

The High Court order dated 7 November 2016 declared: "The Secretary of State does not have power under the Crown's prerogative to give notice pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union for the United Kingdom to withdraw from the European Union."

1023:

In the meantime, the applications of other parties challenging the government in legal proceedings in Northern Ireland's High Court were dismissed on 28 October, but the court was prepared to grant leave to appeal in respect of four out of the five issues.

6267: 4332: 4161: 1592:

The courts should be wary of going over the line between interpretation of legislation and judicial legislation, in a way which would impose "a new control of a most serious kind in a highly controversial and, by Parliament, carefully considered

1463:

commented that ministers had accused the judges of relegating the referendum vote to a footnote, and backing the claim that a vote from the House of Commons and House of Lords was now needed before UK and EU talks began. An opinion stated in a

1265:

commented on 5 December 2016 that the unprecedented number of the panel of eleven justices who would be hearing the appeal and deciding the case was recognition of the constitutional significance and political sensitivity of the appeal.

6053: 5367: 3020: 5362: 5349: 4002:

The panel of 11 justices is the largest ever assembled for a single case since the law lords were created in 1876. Such judicial mass mobilisation is recognition of the constitutional significance and political sensitivity of the

3063: 1609:

that demands a current answer and not a historic one"; and that parliament's legislation was to implement British treaty obligations, not to control the government's exercise of the royal prerogative on the international plane.

5808: 2216: 534: 5500: 4063: 5330: 4943: 2798: 2508: 5747: 4954: 2736: 797:, as his wife had made a series of tweets criticising Brexit. These allegations were countered by his spokesman, who said that Neuberger's wife's personal views had no effect on Neuberger's ability to interpret the law. 757: 1387:

addition to live video feeds and 'on demand' catch-up video of each court session, transcripts would be available at the website on a half-daily basis (morning session by 4 pm, afternoon session around 7 pm).

6032: 5357: 1664:

Lord Neuberger, President of the Supreme Court, delivered the majority judgment for Lady Hale, Lord Mance, Lord Kerr, Lord Clarke, Lord Wilson, Lord Sumption and Lord Hodge. Lord Reed, Lord Carnwath and Lord Hughes

3648: 3089: 2992: 764:

announced that it had been retained by a group of clients to challenge the constitutionality of invoking Article 50 without Parliament debating it. In the proceedings, all parties accepted that withdrawal from the

5038: 6058: 2942: 5544: 1347:

The BBC reported that the Lord Advocate would be addressing the court on Scots law, and the Welsh Counsel General's submissions would be addressing the court on the rule of law and parliamentary sovereignty.

3602: 1915:

After the government's appeal was dismissed, the Secretary of State for Exiting the EU formally introduced in Parliament, on 26 January 2017, a bill that, on 16 March, was enacted without amendment as the

69:

R (on the application of the Attorney General for Northern Ireland) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, ex parte Agnew and others (Northern

3629: 3574: 3555: 3536: 2699: 1119:

While the Secretary of State accepted that category (iii) rights would be nullified, the High Court also ruled that all rights in categories (i) and (ii) would also be jeopardised in their effectiveness.

919: 4846: 4325: 4154: 2850: 572:

heard the appeal from 5 December 2016 to 8 December 2016, and, by a majority of 8–3, upheld the High Court ruling, finding that authorisation by Parliament was required for the invocation of Article 50.

963: 5268: 2190: 2164: 1041:

in the national legal systems", and reasoned that it is implausible that Parliament's intention was that the Crown should be able to switch it off unilaterally by exercise of its prerogative powers.

880:" Interveners at the hearing was that by the 1972 Act, Parliament had conferred a legislative competence on the EU institutions, and in that way had changed the constitutional settlement in the UK. 5377: 1314:

had made a reference to the court regarding devolution issues relating to that jurisdiction and that the court had granted the applications of four interveners to take part in the appeal, namely:

5924: 3736: 5253: 1356: 1005:, including Article 50, was ratified for UK on 16 July 2008, and had come into force on 1 December 2009. While the Act describes "treaty" as an agreement between states, or between states and 811: 742:

argued, or whether it required parliamentary approval. Article 50 states that "Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union in accordance with its own constitutional requirements".

6016: 3896: 3702: 2417: 1689: 1596:

The 2015 Act and the referendum emphatically undermine a suggestion that giving Article 50 notice by use of the prerogative power could be other than consistent with the will of Parliament.

3767: 3013: 4017: 3807: 3675: 3053: 4763: 5532: 5043: 4948: 4363: 3956: 629: 840: 5620: 5206: 1699:

89. For these reasons, we disagree with Lloyd LJ’s conclusion in Rees-Mogg in so far as he held that ministers could exercise prerogative powers to withdraw from the EU Treaties....

5562: 4060: 3989: 3926: 2794: 2500: 2152: 760:

without a parliamentary vote was Deir Dos Santos, who launched his action four days after the referendum of 23 June. Miller's claim form was served on 29 July 2016. The law firm

560:, may not be used to nullify rights that Parliament has enacted through primary legislation. The case was seen as having constitutional significance in deciding the scope of the 310: 295: 5982: 2824: 1917: 518: 3476: 1538:

The Court published a table setting out the time allotted for the hearing of the oral arguments of the parties' advocates in the four days, Monday 5 to Thursday 8 December:

2982: 6297: 5914: 5320: 4309: 3085: 1929: 1281: 3646: 1560:

Third day: for Respondent Miller (continued), followed by for Respondent Dos Santos, followed by for Applicants Agnew and McCord, followed by for the Scottish government.

704: 440: 6142: 5991: 5031: 2938: 4664: 689:

on whether the UK government was entitled to notify an intention to leave the European Union under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), as amended (the

6262: 5574: 5263: 3591: 3450: 1970: 911: 235: 4793: 825: 6048: 6012: 2051: 2039: 1585:

Parliament has deliberately regulated some parts of those prerogative powers, expressly and in detail, but it has not touched the power to give Article 50 notice.

1340: 219: 3626: 3571: 3552: 3533: 6027: 5098: 2846: 2567: 1582:

As Parliament knows today and knew in 1972, the Crown prerogative to make and unmake or withdraw from treaties exists as a key part of the British constitution.

998: 5190: 3425: 3393: 3150: 1398:, included footnotes referring to legal comment, critical of the High Court's judgment, on pages of UK Constitutional Law Association and two other websites: 1274:

The case, involving the government's appeal from the High Court of England and Wales and two references from Northern Ireland, was the first ever to be heard

6007: 5258: 5185: 4728: 4696: 1926:

To Confer power on the Prime Minister to notify, under Article 50(2) of the Treaty on European Union, the United Kingdom's intention to withdraw from the EU

1013:, and there are further provisions under the European Union Act 2011. The Lord Chief Justice described the statutory procedure as "of critical importance". 5818: 5658: 5527: 5522: 5303: 5108: 4981: 2772: 1961: 3264: 3232: 3200: 3118: 2603: 5539: 997:

meant that the question about the use of the royal prerogative depended on Parliament's legislative intention. The treaty ratification provisions of the

633: 564:

in foreign affairs. The Supreme Court also ruled that devolved legislatures in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have no legal right to veto the act.

506: 174: 5830: 4986: 2710: 777: 3728: 73:

R (on the application of McCord) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland)

5861: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 4091: 924: 3291: 6277: 4632: 4600: 4472: 3888: 3698: 3177: 2541: 2413: 2272: 900: 255: 239: 1483:

Reference by the Attorney General for Northern Ireland – In the matter of an application by Agnew and others for Judicial Review (Northern Ireland)

1192:

reported the case as a "blow" or a "setback" to the British government plans. The financial markets reacted by an increasing exchange rate for the

868:), it was argued for the lead claimant (Miller) that notification under Article 50 would commit the UK to the removal of rights existing under the 6022: 5678: 5668: 4923: 4568: 4536: 4504: 1767: 1360: 1006: 873: 549: 450: 365: 178: 4828: 4440: 3759: 2916: 1363:

for the conduct of foreign relations or whether the prerogative cannot be used in a way that undermines an act of the United Kingdom Parliament.

4014: 3797: 3665: 2635: 6287: 5909: 5232: 4755: 3948: 2384:"Miller & Anor, R (On the Application Of) v The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Rev 1) [2016] EWHC 2768 (Admin)" 1487:

Reference by the Court of Appeal (Northern Ireland) – In the matter of an application by Raymond McCord for Judicial Review (Northern Ireland).

1391: 1352: 884: 445: 4361: 5237: 4411: 3364: 1554: 1359:, stated that the issue in the case to be heard on appeal by the Court in December was whether giving Article 50 notification was within the 1311: 857: 473: 4285: 3866: 6002: 5987: 5803: 5632: 5605: 5335: 5211: 3449:

R (on the application of Agnew and others) v Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union.

2140: 1885: 1849: 1142: 1002: 945: 940: 932: 906: 853: 557: 4838: 993: 4851: 3666:"Prospect of early general election increases after High Court rules Government cannot trigger Article 50 without parliamentary approval" 5615: 5610: 5600: 5464: 5152: 3979: 3918: 1804: 1285: 1010: 950: 569: 494: 52: 4384: 3452: 2686: 2391: 5126: 5026: 5011: 3035: 2235: 1687:

did not decide to withdraw from the EU Treaties. But we cannot accept that the 1972 Act did so provide. As Lord Hoffmann explained in

1045: 1034: 968: 869: 750: 305: 300: 5180: 2820: 2277: 2100: 1250: 1068: 988: 490: 3468: 2447: 6292: 6272: 6104: 5966: 3337: 1547: 1208: 1137: 700: 553: 514: 498: 425: 189: 4307: 4138: 3500: 3311: 2966: 2665: 2354:"Miller & Anor, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Rev 3) [2017] UKSC 5" 839: 6167: 5719: 5283: 5164: 3715:

The U.K. currency climbed on speculation the High Court ruling will delay or soften the terms of the nation's exit from the EU.

2128: 1954: 435: 5876: 5653: 5060: 4111: 4040: 2361: 2178: 1857: 1479:

R (on the application of Miller and Dos Santos) (Respondents) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Appellant)

1246: 1074: 4255: 4225: 4193: 3836: 2629:"R (on the application of Miller and another) (Respondents) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Appellant)" 895:

by the 2008 Act, and he took the court through the legislation dealing with the European Union and its predecessor, namely:

5904: 5784: 5673: 5486: 5325: 5309: 4657: 2478: 1895: 1543: 1395: 502: 463: 395: 41: 1542:

First day, and morning of second day: for the Appellant (Attorney-General, Jeremy Wright; Treasury Counsel, James Eadie;

2082: 1818: 637: 335: 330: 769:

would have profound consequences in terms of changing domestic law in each of the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom.

5997: 5866: 5779: 5772: 5767: 5762: 4967: 4916: 2268: 1646: 1092:(ii) rights of British citizens in other EU member states (e.g. the right to work abroad, or set up a business, under 1086: 987:

in such a way as to affect or change current economic law, principally statute law; but the government contended that

613: 227: 197: 4869: 2563: 4785: 6282: 5919: 5709: 5416: 3418: 3386: 3143: 1947: 1239: 151: 4721: 4689: 872:

and later ratification acts, and that it is not open to the government, without Parliament's approval, to use the

632:, in which 51.9% of votes cast were in favour of leaving the EU, the UK government stated its intention to invoke 6182: 5871: 5663: 4973: 2321: 2091: 2064: 1833: 1650: 1634: 1326: 1053: 617: 585: 468: 360: 355: 350: 345: 201: 2768: 2595: 6207: 6172: 6152: 5227: 5073: 3257: 3225: 3193: 3111: 1902: 1797: 1622: 1148: 1049: 738:

There was dispute over whether the decision to invoke Article 50 was the prerogative of the government, as the

370: 17: 6199: 4881: 3949:"Whatever the Supreme Court decide, the case for Brexit is strong. Theresa May should make it stronger still" 2883: 1578:

by the Advocate General for Scotland, were summed up on the morning of the second day in a series of points:

620:

all had to consent to the invocation of Article 50. In each case this was unanimously rejected by the court.

6215: 6098: 5648: 5469: 5157: 2987: 2245: 2019: 1864: 1763: 980: 958: 739: 420: 4089: 2795:"Nick Barber, Tom Hickman and Jeff King: Pulling the Article 50 'Trigger': Parliament's Indispensable Role" 2501:"Nick Barber, Tom Hickman and Jeff King: Pulling the Article 50 'Trigger': Parliament's Indispensable Role" 608:

also had their three separate applications considered together with this case, all of whom argued that the

6093: 5796: 5293: 4909: 4823: 3289: 1621:

The Supreme Court held by eight judges to three that only Parliament could authorise a notification under

1440: 510: 4625: 4593: 4465: 3175: 2531: 1222:

condemned personal attacks from newspapers on the judges, describing them as "hysterical", and called on

521:

for first reading in the House of Commons on 26 January 2017. The case is informally referred to as "the

6125: 5422: 2256: 2029: 1742: 1638: 1058: 545: 136: 4756:"Four versions of Brexit law prepared as Government braced for Supreme Court defeat in Article 50 case" 4561: 4529: 4497: 2906: 1390:

The government's written case, prepared in advance of the hearing of the appeal, and subscribed by the

756:

The first of the parties to lodge a complaint in the proceedings against the government's intention to

4433: 4087:

R. (on the application of Miller & Dos Santos) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

2737:"Letwin says government can invoke article 50 without a vote in parliament however it was not allowed" 1660: 1310:

should be sought before Article 50 is triggered". On 18 November the Supreme Court announced that the

876:

to take action affecting rights which Parliament had recognised in that way. An argument put for the "

5554: 4892: 4847:

Supreme Court printed copy of the submission by the Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

2628: 746: 670: 380: 1180:

commented that the High Court ruling increased the prospect of an early general election, while the

501:(the executive) might not initiate withdrawal from the European Union by formal notification to the 282:

Reed, Carnwath, Hughes (all dissented on royal prerogative point; all concurred on devolution point)

5757: 5752: 5088: 5078: 4962: 4841:

A response to reactions to Lady Hale's explanation of the Article 50 'Brexit' case 15 November 2016

4025: 3670: 2313: 2116: 2007: 2000: 1990: 1932:

of giving the notice that the Treaty requires to be given when a member state decides to withdraw.

1789: 1642: 1629:, upholding the decision of the High Court. However, all judges found unanimously that neither the 1626: 1459: 1307: 1176: 1154: 1063: 1017: 793: 609: 589: 193: 4407: 3360: 2564:"Judicial review litigation over the correct constitutional process for triggering Article 50 TEU" 2010: 1052:(TEU), because it would remove a series of rights created by Acts of Parliament. The principle of 5584: 4996: 4833: 4358:

Government warns Brexit vote must not be relegated to a 'footnote' ahead of Supreme Court hearing

4281: 3858: 2301: 1528:

3rd Intervener, Counsel General of Wales Instructed by Welsh Government Legal Services Department

1038: 781: 577: 390: 2685: (High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, Divisional Court 3 November 2016), 1674:

QB 643 - see especially at pp 718-719 and 728 per Roskill LJ and Lawton LJ respectively. And in

66:

R (on the application of Miller and another) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

4829:

R. (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union – High Court, the full judgment

1078:. The Crown may not alter the domestic law of the UK or modify rights conferred by Parliament. 517:'s permission to do so. Two days later, the government responded by bringing to Parliament the 6110: 5888: 5383: 5298: 5083: 4991: 4896: 3058: 2073: 1112: 984: 690: 666: 561: 325: 320: 315: 6131: 5956: 5883: 5840: 5823: 5567: 5315: 5103: 5012:

Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?

4380: 4015:

Theresa May issues a staunch defence of the free press after media coverage of Brexit ruling

2383: 2325: 2003: 1785: 1630: 975:

In further submissions for the government, the lead claimant's primary argument was said by

861: 694: 674: 605: 593: 430: 410: 375: 185: 137:

Divisional Court (Queen's Bench Division) of the High Court (England and Wales) (EWHC (QBD))

3645:

In the Supreme Court, Written Case for Birnie and others (the "Expat Interveners") para. 2.

3498: 3042: 3028: 2964: 2663: 1469:

Scotland in a way that requires the involvement of the Scottish Parliament in the process.

1016:

The hearing was concluded on 18 October, when the Lord Chief Justice said the judges would

6241: 6078: 5704: 5481: 5288: 4367: 4313: 4142: 4095: 4072: 4067: 4044: 4021: 3652: 3633: 3578: 3559: 3540: 3456: 3295: 3181: 3039: 3024: 2911: 1589:

is a "significant step along the road to finding the intention in relation to withdrawal".

1426: 1298: 1223: 1182: 1108: 1085:(i) rights that could be replicated by British law (e.g. 28 days' paid holidays under the 761: 686: 415: 177:

would remove rights enacted through primary legislation, and therefore may not be done by

2983:"Brexit move 'won't happen in 2016' Government tells High Court judge in legal challenge" 3086:"Who is Lord Neuberger? Meet the Supreme Court President - the top judge in Brexit case" 2939:"Article 50 process on Brexit faces legal challenge to ensure parliamentary involvement" 2439: 1099:(iii) rights that could not be replicated in British law (e.g. the right to vote in the 6162: 6115: 6083: 5791: 5699: 5579: 5474: 5454: 5389: 5093: 5068: 3359:

Justice, Ministry of; Office, Cabinet; Office, Foreign and Commonwealth; Treasury, HM.

1810: 1670:

aviation treaty as that would have rendered a licence granted under a statute useless:

1367:

of the Treaty of Accession, nor for the treaty coming into force in respect of the UK.

1230: 1219: 1215:

reported that MPs condemned newspaper attacks on the judges after their Brexit ruling.

1193: 788: 766: 385: 340: 3333: 1203:

Other news media attacked the presiding judges and questioned their impartiality, the

6256: 6157: 6147: 5961: 5278: 4136: 3504: 3307: 2970: 2669: 2297: 1871: 1302: 1160: 1104: 1100: 1056:

required that only Parliament could take away those rights. This is expressed in the

892: 888: 773: 581: 455: 251: 243: 158:

Divisional Court (Queen's Bench Division) of the High Court (Northern Ireland) (NIQB)

4061:

Nicola Sturgeon launches plan to stop Theresa May overturning Brexit legal challenge

1939: 6137: 5714: 5625: 5459: 5372: 3984: 3889:"Liz Truss breaks silence on judiciary but fails to mention Brexit ruling backlash" 3802: 2741: 2168: 1418: 1330: 1319: 1188: 865: 685:

and other claimants had sought permission to bring an action in the High Court for

4856: 4818: 4306:

Access to the Supreme Court building: Article 50 'Brexit' case, 5–8 December 2016.

4218: 4186: 4107: 4037: 3832: 3288:

The Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (Commencement No. 3) Order 2010.

2353: 4251: 1525:

2nd Intervener, Lord Advocate instructed by Scottish Government Legal Directorate

1211:", and on its website describing one judge as "an openly gay ex-Olympic fencer". 6222: 6120: 5951: 4875: 2474: 1980: 1403: 682: 753:

had displaced the Royal prerogative to take the UK outside of the EU treaties.

6191: 5438: 2660:

R. (Miller and Dos Santos) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

1921: 1878: 1842: 1166: 877: 259: 6054:

UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018

6268:

Consequences of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

6088: 5273: 3760:"The Daily Mail is very upset because an 'openly gay judge' ruled on Brexit" 3729:"British newspapers react to judges' Brexit ruling: 'Enemies of the people'" 2536: 1226: 1044:

The judgment stated that the question for the court's decision involved the

976: 642: 247: 231: 223: 2390:. British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII). 3 November 2016. 2360:. British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII). 24 January 2017. 2218:

R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland

5444: 2443: 1465: 400: 2847:"Hairdresser behind Brexit challenge now in hiding after vile hate mail" 2532:"Why giving notice of withdrawal from the EU requires act of parliament" 5449: 1748: 1276: 1196:

against the euro and the dollar, on speculation of a delayed or softer

6033:

UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020

4932: 2596:"Factbox: Brexit case in Britain's Supreme Court – how will it work?" 2475:"Brexit: Supreme Court says Parliament must give Article 50 go-ahead" 1557:(on reference from NI High Court), followed by for Respondent Miller. 1493:

them separately. Others listed as participating in the hearing were:

1382:

circumvent the requirements of established constitutional convention.

1235: 1197: 1174:

The High Court decision was met with mixed views in the daily press.

5039:

European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016

4786:"House of Commons: European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill" 3361:"Explanatory Notes to Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010" 1379:

be contrary to provisions of the Acts of Union of 1706 and 1708; and

4857:

Supreme Court copy of the written submission of the Lord Advocate (

3054:"Supreme Court judge urged to stand down over wife's Brexit tweets" 3469:"R (Miller) -v- Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union" 2875: 1755: 1659: 1141: 405: 4873:

Supreme Court Judgment: Expert Reactions (Judicial Power Project)

852:

At the full hearing in October, before three judges sitting as a

192:

laws do not require the permission of the devolved assemblies of

156:

For the application by the Attorney General for Northern Ireland:

1093: 920:

European Communities (Spanish and Portuguese Accession) Act 1985

697:

Treaties), without a vote or deliberative debate in Parliament.

4905: 1943: 964:

European Union (Croatian Accession and Irish Protocol) Act 2013

6059:

European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19

4886: 4048: 3699:"Pound Jumps as Court Brexit Ruling, BOE Deliver Double Boost" 2682:

R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

2414:"Brexit Article 50 Challenge to Quickly Move to Supreme Court" 1534:

5th Intervener, Lawyers of Britain (written submissions only).

1489:

The daily sessions of the hearing began on Monday 5 December.

1066:

section 1, and continually confirmed since in cases including

883:

Responding in the opening submissions for the government, the

486:

R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

35:

R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

3798:"MPs condemn newspaper attacks on judges after Brexit ruling" 2907:"Businesses prepare legal challenge over Brexit negotiations" 2388:

England and Wales High Court (Administrative Court) Decisions

274:

Neuberger, Hale, Mance, Kerr, Clarke, Wilson, Sumption, Hodge

5925:

Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union

1445:

Brexit, the Royal Prerogative, and Parliamentary Sovereignty

3980:"Senior judges prepare to hear Brexit supreme court appeal" 3594:

Judicial Review Guidance,Section 3: Judicial Review Process

3833:"Bar Council urges Liz Truss to condemn attacks on judges" 2821:"Kenneth Armstrong: Has Article 50 Really Been Triggered?" 2440:"Brexit: Ministers 'not legally compelled' to consult AMs" 1690:

R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex p Simms

544:

The Supreme Court's decision was given on appeal from the

4901: 1170:

on 4 November 2016, the day after the High Court decision

535:

Miller's later Brexit-related case against the Government

5044:

The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016

1412:

Terminating Treaty-based UK Rights: A Supplementary Note

1297:

For the Scottish government, Scotland's First Minister,

1037:

as the major step of "switching on the direct effect of

1001:

were in force from 11 November 2010, that is, after the

983:) to be that it is not open to the executive to use the 1229:

to speak out and protect them. Former Attorney General

745:

As Professor Kenneth Armstrong (Professor of EU law at

656:

Any Member State may decide to withdraw from the Union

4626:"SC Transcript, 7 December 2016, p.110-111 (Chambers)" 1432:

footnote 13, p. 26: M. Elliott and H. J. Hooper,

658:

in accordance with its own constitutional requirements

3308:"UK – UK Politics – UK ratifies the EU Lisbon Treaty" 311:

Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

296:

European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill 2017

4824:

Supreme Court Judgment (2017) UKSC 5 – Press Summary

1918:

European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017

787:

Questions were also raised over the impartiality of

519:

European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017

6181: 6071: 6041: 5975: 5944: 5937: 5897: 5852: 5839: 5732: 5687: 5641: 5593: 5553: 5510: 5499: 5431: 5407: 5398: 5348: 5246: 5220: 5199: 5173: 5117: 5059: 5052: 5019: 5005: 4834:

Supreme Court: Article 50 Brexit Appeal – Main Page

4690:"SC Transcript, 8 December 2016, p.172-176 (Eadie)" 4108:"Scots and Welsh can have say in Brexit court case" 3796:Bowcott, Owen; Stewart, Heather (4 November 2016). 286: 278: 270: 265: 215: 210: 165: 127: 122: 105: 97: 89: 81: 58: 48: 34: 4038:Brexit court ruling appeal date set for 5 December 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3174:Text of European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993 2769:"Leaving the EU: Parliament's Role in the Process" 1336:The "Expat Interveners" – George Birnie and others 4530:"SC Transcript, 6 December 2016, p.72-74 (Eadie)" 4219:"Written Case of Lord Advocate, paras. 87 and 89" 1434:Critical reflections on the High Court's judgment 1020:and give their judgments as quickly as possible. 705:Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union 441:Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union 6143:Proposed second Scottish independence referendum 4133:The Supreme Court: Guardian of the Constitution? 3978:Bowcott, Owen; Walker, Peter (5 December 2016). 2735:Claire Phipps and Andrew Sparrow (5 July 2016). 772:At the preliminary hearing on 19 July 2016, Sir 4594:"SC Transcript, 7 December 2016, p.51(Pannick)" 2700:"R(Miller) v Secretary of State for exiting EU" 1658: 1531:4th Intervener, TWGB (written submissions only) 1454:, Judicial Power Project Blog, 4 November 2016. 912:European Communities (Greek Accession) Act 1979 713: 654: 134:For the Miller and Dos Santos application only: 6049:Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills 4282:"Article 50 Brexit Appeal - The Supreme Court" 3697:Duarte De Aragao, Marianna (3 November 2016). 2870: 2868: 2623: 2621: 2053:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 2041:European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 1928:. The act's two sections are to confer on the 1146:The front pages of (clockwise from top-right) 396:Council of the European Union (EU) (Consilium) 18:Miller v Secretary of State for Exiting the EU 4917: 4819:Supreme Court Judgment (2017) UKSC 5 (BAILII) 4658:"Case of Counsel General for Wales, para. 20" 2192:R (HS2 Action Alliance) v Transport Secretary 1955: 1242:also called on Truss to condemn the attacks. 999:Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 955:Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 8: 5186:European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills 4891:E McGaughey, 'Could Brexit be Void?' (2018) 4408:"Should Holyrood play a role in Article 50?" 1452:'Intent of Parliament' unsoundly Constructed 5831:EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) 5819:Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU 5109:United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation 4498:"SC Transcript, 6 December 2016, from p.74" 4381:"What if ministers lose the Brexit appeal?" 3194:"-: Transcript, 17 October 2016, from p.60" 2589: 2587: 2585: 1402:footnotes 7 p. 22 and 10, p. 24: 1341:Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain 1249:) obliges a Lord Chancellor to respect the 5941: 5849: 5507: 5404: 5056: 4924: 4910: 4902: 3031:R (Wheeler) v Office of the Prime Minister 3016:R (Wheeler) v Office of the Prime Minister 1962: 1948: 1940: 1721: 1656:The majority judgment said the following. 994:Attorney General v De Keyser's Royal Hotel 899:European Communities Act 1972 (before the 634:Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union 507:Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union 175:Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union 40: 31: 6298:January 2017 events in the United Kingdom 5862:2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation 4852:Supreme Court Written Case of Gina Miller 937:European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002 929:European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993 925:European Communities (Amendment) Act 1986 604:), and applicants for judicial review in 497:on 24 January 2017, which ruled that the 152:Court of Appeal (Northern Ireland) (NICA) 5191:European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14 4434:"SC Transcript, 5 December 2016, p. 3-4" 4275: 4273: 4187:"Written Case of Lord Advocate, para. 1" 3827: 3825: 3258:"-: Transcript, 17 October 2016, p. 123" 3112:"Transcript, 13 October 2016, p.109-115" 2771:. House of Lords Library. 30 June 2016. 1672:Laker Airways Ltd v Department of Trade 1046:constitutional law of the United Kingdom 901:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 27:Constitutional decision of Supreme Court 4882:Parliament's role in ratifying treaties 4722:"SC Transcript, 8 December 2016, p.204" 4562:"SC Transcript, 6 December 2016, p.116" 3419:"-: Transcript, 18 October 2016, p.161" 3226:"-: Transcript, 17 October 2016, p.108" 2469: 2467: 2465: 2345: 2289: 1516:1st interested party, Pigney and others 1513:lawyers acting in NI Reference (McCord) 1477:The Supreme Court listed the appeal as 804: 778:President of the Queen's Bench Division 721:Miller and Santos v. Secretary of State 451:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 6263:United Kingdom constitutional case law 4670:from the original on 27 September 2017 4466:"SC Transcript, 5 December 2016, p. 5" 4135:Lecture, Kuala Lumpur 9 November 2016. 3929:from the original on 14 September 2019 3387:"-: Transcript, 18 October 2016, p. 5" 3144:"-: Transcript, 18 October 2016, p.31" 2394:from the original on 21 September 2019 1641:, legally required the consent of the 1510:instructed by Crown Solicitor's Office 1450:footnote 21, p. 39: John Finnis, 1392:Attorney General for England and Wales 1245:The oath of office (prescribed by the 446:Attorney General for England and Wales 4734:from the original on 11 December 2016 4702:from the original on 11 December 2016 4638:from the original on 11 December 2016 4606:from the original on 11 December 2016 4574:from the original on 11 December 2016 4542:from the original on 11 December 2016 4510:from the original on 11 December 2016 4338:from the original on 20 November 2016 4258:from the original on 28 November 2016 4231:from the original on 27 November 2016 4199:from the original on 27 November 2016 4167:from the original on 20 November 2016 2919:from the original on 8 September 2016 2634:. UK Supreme Court. 24 January 2017. 2570:from the original on 21 December 2016 2364:from the original on 8 September 2019 1497:Attorney General for Northern Ireland 1423:Brexit, Democracy and the Rule of Law 1357:deputy president of the Supreme Court 1312:Attorney General for Northern Ireland 474:Attorney General for Northern Ireland 436:Foreign affairs of the United Kingdom 181:without enabling primary legislation. 7: 4796:from the original on 2 February 2017 4754:Riley-Smith, Ben (21 January 2017). 4478:from the original on 5 December 2016 4446:from the original on 5 December 2016 4288:from the original on 25 January 2017 3959:from the original on 5 December 2016 3899:from the original on 6 November 2016 3839:from the original on 5 November 2016 3770:from the original on 6 November 2016 3705:from the original on 4 November 2016 3608:from the original on 4 November 2016 3431:from the original on 19 October 2016 3399:from the original on 19 October 2016 3270:from the original on 19 October 2016 3238:from the original on 19 October 2016 3206:from the original on 19 October 2016 3156:from the original on 19 October 2016 3124:from the original on 20 October 2016 2606:from the original on 2 February 2017 2544:from the original on 10 January 2017 2481:from the original on 24 January 2017 2450:from the original on 24 January 2017 2420:from the original on 12 October 2016 2153:R (Factortame) v Transport Secretary 2141:Attorney General v Jonathan Cape Ltd 1473:Appeal and references heard together 946:European Union (Accessions) Act 2006 941:European Union (Accessions) Act 2003 933:European Union (Accessions) Act 1994 916:European Assembly Elections Act 1981 907:European Assembly Elections Act 1978 5983:Notification of Withdrawal Act 2017 5465:Campaign for an Independent Britain 3479:from the original on 10 August 2019 3367:from the original on 29 August 2017 3314:from the original on 27 August 2017 2827:from the original on 7 January 2018 2594:Michael Holden (30 November 2016). 2296:This rejected the arguments of the 1519:2nd Interested Party, AB and others 1508:NI Reference (SoS Northern Ireland) 1011:European Union (Amendment) Act 2008 951:European Union (Amendment) Act 2008 550:Crown's foreign affairs prerogative 53:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 5027:European Union Referendum Act 2015 4861:, for the Scottish Government, as 4766:from the original on 24 March 2018 3727:Phipps, Claire (4 November 2016). 3340:from the original on 15 March 2017 2853:from the original on 31 March 2019 2641:from the original on 10 March 2017 2530:David Pannick, QC (30 June 2016). 2511:from the original on 10 March 2017 1408:Terminating Treaty-based UK Rights 969:European Union Referendum Act 2015 306:European Union Referendum Act 2015 25: 5207:2014 European Parliament election 4414:from the original on 4 April 2019 4406:Eardley, Nick (5 December 2016). 4387:from the original on 7 April 2019 4114:from the original on 17 July 2018 3869:from the original on 3 April 2019 3678:from the original on 7 April 2018 3664:Hughes, Laura (3 November 2016). 3092:from the original on 7 March 2018 3066:from the original on 7 March 2018 2995:from the original on 20 July 2016 2886:from the original on 29 July 2019 2801:from the original on 28 June 2016 2709:. 3 November 2016. Archived from 2505:UK Constitutional Law Association 2278:United Kingdom constitutional law 2101:Greater London Authority Act 1999 1522:1st Intervener, Birnie and others 1425:, republished 6 November 2016 at 1069:Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate 491:United Kingdom constitutional law 6237: 6236: 5967:Brexit withdrawal agreement plan 5378:Unlawful campaigning allegations 4379:D'Arcy, Mark (3 December 2016). 3992:from the original on 28 May 2021 3859:"Constitutional Reform Act 2005" 3810:from the original on 28 May 2021 3739:from the original on 25 May 2019 2945:from the original on 3 July 2016 2775:from the original on 1 July 2016 2749:from the original on 28 May 2021 1809: 1754: 1747: 1284:, there being one vacancy). The 1138:Enemies of the People (headline) 1081:Three categories of rights were 1018:take time to consider the matter 838: 824: 810: 6278:2016 in United Kingdom case law 6168:Voting pencil conspiracy theory 5720:Independent Alliance for Reform 5659:2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham 5165:European Economic Area Act 1993 4987:Trade and Cooperation Agreement 3758:Duffy, Nick (3 November 2016). 3014:SSExEU, paras. 8(3), 62 citing 2129:Pickin v British Railways Board 1553:Second day, afternoon: for the 1502:NI Reference (Agnew and others) 630:referendum held on 23 June 2016 4110:. BBC News. 18 November 2016. 2179:R (Jackson) v Attorney General 1858:Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony 1625:Article 50 to be given to the 1247:Constitutional Reform Act 2005 1238:, also expressed concern. The 1075:R (Jackson) v Attorney General 723:EWHC 2768 (Admin), para. 105–6 371:Treaty on European Union (TEU) 1: 6288:January 2017 events in Europe 6013:Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020 5575:Petition to revoke Article 50 5326:Balance of Competences Review 5310:The European Union: In or Out 5269:1975 EC membership referendum 5127:European Communities Act 1972 4252:"Court 1 -Supreme Court Live" 3835:. BBC News. 5 November 2016. 2566:. Lexology. 13 October 2016. 2477:. BBC News. 24 January 2017. 2236:European Communities Act 1972 2205:R (Miller) v Brexit Secretary 1896:Lord Carnwath of Notting Hill 1544:Advocate General for Scotland 1396:Advocate General for Scotland 1035:European Communities Act 1972 870:European Communities Act 1972 751:European Communities Act 1972 596:governments (respectively as 503:Council of the European Union 464:Advocate General for Scotland 301:European Communities Act 1972 6028:Future Relationship Act 2020 4155:"Appellant's Case, para. 19" 3334:"Q&A: The Lisbon Treaty" 2905:Mance, Henry (3 July 2016). 2358:United Kingdom Supreme Court 2083:Government of Wales Act 1998 1819:Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury 1293:In advance of appeal hearing 638:David Pannick, Baron Pannick 552:, which is exercised by the 495:United Kingdom Supreme Court 336:Government of Wales Act 2006 331:Government of Wales Act 1998 5998:Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018 5867:Brexit and the Irish border 5679:2019 Brecon and Radnorshire 5669:2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central 5181:European Union Bill 2004–05 4968:Brexit withdrawal agreement 4360:, 9.42 am 3 December. 2416:. Bloomberg. 19 July 2016. 2269:R (Wilson) v Prime Minister 1850:The Lord Kerr of Tonaghmore 1647:National Assembly for Wales 1087:Working Time Directive 2003 1007:international organisations 817:The Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd 614:National Assembly for Wales 149:For the McCord application: 6314: 5710:Blue Collar Conservativism 5563:Proposed second referendum 5417:Britain Stronger in Europe 5233:2014 Heywood and Middleton 4790:publications.parliament.uk 2963:EWHC 2768 (Admin). para.4 2165:R (Simms) v Home Secretary 1826: 1803: 1775: 1481:to be heard together with 1361:Crown's prerogative powers 1280:by the full court (eleven 1240:General Council of the Bar 1135: 6232: 5872:Northern Ireland Protocol 5804:Prorogation of Parliament 5238:2014 Rochester and Strood 4939: 4020:27 September 2018 at the 2322:Counsel General for Wales 2253: 2243: 2233: 2213: 2201: 2187: 2175: 2161: 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2098: 2092:Northern Ireland Act 1998 2089: 2080: 2071: 2065:Local Government Act 1972 2062: 2049: 2037: 2027: 2017: 1998: 1988: 1978: 1971:Parliamentary sovereignty 1889: 1834:Baroness Hale of Richmond 1823: 1778: 1772: 1741: 1651:Northern Ireland Assembly 1635:Northern Ireland Act 1998 1439:footnote 14, p. 27: 1417:footnote 11, p. 25: 1327:Counsel General for Wales 1218:Shadow Justice Secretary 1054:parliamentary sovereignty 618:Northern Ireland Assembly 586:Counsel General for Wales 533:" (to differentiate with 469:Counsel General for Wales 361:Parliamentary sovereignty 356:Northern Ireland Act 2009 351:Northern Ireland Act 2006 346:Northern Ireland Act 1998 291: 170: 39: 6023:Internal Market Act 2020 5748:Invocation of Article 50 5621:2019 European Parliament 5336:Euroscepticism in the UK 4839:Supreme Court statement 4312:17 November 2016 at the 4141:25 November 2016 at the 4094:18 November 2016 at the 4066:11 November 2017 at the 3294:14 December 2016 at the 1930:Prime Minister the power 1903:Lord Hughes of Ombersley 1351:Speaking on 9 November, 1050:Treaty on European Union 903:came into force in 1980) 847:(Lord Justice of Appeal) 667:Treaty on European Union 6293:European Union case law 6273:Brexit-related case law 6216:Brexit: The Uncivil War 6099:European Research Group 5855:the Republic of Ireland 5853:on Northern Ireland and 5695:International reactions 5470:The Freedom Association 4043:22 October 2018 at the 3632:9 November 2016 at the 3577:9 November 2016 at the 3558:9 November 2016 at the 3539:9 November 2016 at the 3180:25 October 2016 at the 3023:19 October 2016 at the 2988:London Evening Standard 2707:Royal Courts of Justice 2246:European Union Act 2011 2020:United Nations Act 1946 1865:Lord Wilson of Culworth 1764:Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd 1653:to trigger article 50. 1410:, 26 October 2016; and 1270:Appeal to Supreme Court 1096:articles 45 and 49) and 959:European Union Act 2011 862:the Master of the Rolls 806:Judges hearing the case 421:Northern Ireland Office 391:European Union (EU) law 6200:Postcards from the 48% 6153:Terminology (Glossary) 6094:Chaos with Ed Miliband 5915:Science and technology 5797:Operation Yellowhammer 5020:Referendum legislation 4863:the Scottish Ministers 4859:Her Majesty's Advocate 3863:www.legislation.gov.uk 2318:the Scottish Ministers 2306:Her Majesty's Advocate 1715: 1666: 1322:), Scottish Government 1171: 858:the Lord Chief Justice 726: 662: 513:giving the government 6126:Northern Future Forum 6105:Enemies of the People 5423:Labour In for Britain 5331:2015–16 renegotiation 5212:2015 general election 5099:European Constitution 5074:1972 Accession Treaty 2257:UK constitutional law 2030:Human Rights Act 1998 1734:Devolved Parliaments? 1718:Summary of judgements 1663: 1639:Good Friday Agreement 1209:enemies of the people 1145: 1115:standards in the UK). 1059:Case of Proclamations 833:(Master of the Rolls) 711:2015 Act and stated: 665:Article 50(1) of the 5780:Withdrawal agreement 5555:Opposition to Brexit 5513:leadership elections 5321:Russian interference 4366:27 June 2018 at the 4280:Court, The Supreme. 4250:Court, The Supreme. 3651:3 April 2019 at the 3503:27 November 2016 at 3062:. 19 November 2016. 3038:3 April 2017 at the 2969:27 November 2016 at 2668:27 November 2016 at 2226:Repealed legislation 831:Sir Terence Etherton 819:(Lord Chief Justice) 747:Cambridge University 673:, as amended by the 671:Treaty of Maastricht 493:case decided by the 5988:Withdrawal Act 2018 5785:Parliamentary votes 5758:Brexit divorce bill 5441:(official campaign) 5419:(official campaign) 5259:1973 EC enlargement 5079:Single European Act 5006:Referendum question 4963:Brexit negotiations 4076:, 10 November 2016' 4070: – 4047: – 4026:The Daily Telegraph 4024: – 3955:. 5 December 2016. 3895:. 5 November 2016. 3671:The Daily Telegraph 3497:EWHC 2768 (Admin). 3455:28 May 2021 at the 3336:. 17 January 2011. 3088:. 5 December 2016. 3034:EWHC 3815 (Admin). 2941:. Mishcon de Reya. 2849:. 4 November 2016. 2446:. 24 January 2017. 2330:the Welsh Ministers 2314:Scottish Government 2300:(also known in the 2117:Stockdale v Hansard 2008:Parliament Act 1949 2001:Parliament Act 1911 1991:Bill of Rights 1689 1676:Fire Brigades Union 1643:Scottish Parliament 1627:European Commission 1555:NI Attorney General 1460:The Daily Telegraph 1333:), Welsh Government 1318:The Lord Advocate ( 1308:Scottish Parliament 1177:The Daily Telegraph 1155:The Daily Telegraph 1064:Bill of Rights 1688 794:The Daily Telegraph 729:High Court judgment 669:(TEU), as amended ( 610:Scottish Parliament 548:'s ruling that the 386:European Union (EU) 5938:Brexit legislation 5810:Miller II / Cherry 5654:2016 Richmond Park 5585:Bollocks to Brexit 5533:Scottish, Feb 2020 4893:King's Law Journal 4752:See in the media, 4326:"Appellant's Case" 4028:, 6 November 2016. 3951:. Telegraph View. 3019:EWHC 1409 (Admin) 2716:on 9 November 2016 1798:Lord Justice Sales 1667: 1506:lawyers acting in 1500:lawyers acting in 1447:, 8 November 2016. 1436:, 7 November 2016. 1414:, 2 November 2016. 1371:because it would ( 1172: 866:Lord Justice Sales 791:by Brexit MPs and 758:trigger Article 50 740:Cameron government 640:, a columnist for 499:British Government 456:The Lord Advocate 6283:Royal prerogative 6250: 6249: 6111:Leave Means Leave 6067: 6066: 6003:Cooper–Letwin Act 5933: 5932: 5889:Windsor Framework 5845:potential effects 5728: 5727: 5674:2019 Peterborough 5495: 5494: 5384:Brexit: The Movie 5344: 5343: 5299:Maastricht Rebels 4992:Windsor Framework 4982:Trade negotiation 4976: 4957: 4051:, 8 November 2016 3059:Independent.co.uk 2273:EWHC 3520 (Admin) 2263: 2262: 2074:Scotland Act 1998 1908: 1907: 1548:Lord Keen of Elie 1113:environmental law 985:prerogative power 874:prerogative power 562:royal prerogative 511:Act of Parliament 505:as prescribed by 482: 481: 381:Maastricht Treaty 366:Royal prerogative 326:Scotland Act 2016 321:Scotland Act 2012 316:Scotland Act 1998 179:royal prerogative 173:An invocation of 112:EWHC 2768 (Admin) 85:5–8 December 2016 16:(Redirected from 6305: 6240: 6239: 6183:Media depictions 6132:The New European 5957:Repeal Bill plan 5942: 5920:Economic effects 5884:Irish Sea border 5877:proposed changes 5850: 5841:Impact of Brexit 5824:Fish for finance 5508: 5405: 5316:Bloomberg speech 5057: 4972: 4953: 4926: 4919: 4912: 4903: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4669: 4662: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4605: 4598: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4541: 4534: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4477: 4470: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4376: 4370: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4337: 4330: 4322: 4316: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4277: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4230: 4223: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4166: 4159: 4151: 4145: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4083: 4077: 4058: 4052: 4035: 4029: 4012: 4006: 4005: 3999: 3997: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3923:www.judiciary.uk 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3793: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3712: 3710: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3661: 3655: 3643: 3637: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3607: 3600: 3588: 3582: 3569: 3563: 3550: 3544: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3473:www.judiciary.uk 3465: 3459: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3310:. 17 July 2008. 3304: 3298: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3237: 3230: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3205: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3155: 3148: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3050: 3044: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2991:. 19 July 2016. 2979: 2973: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2823:. 14 June 2017. 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2797:. 27 June 2016. 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2715: 2704: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2640: 2633: 2625: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2591: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2507:. 27 June 2016. 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2471: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2350: 2333: 2326:Welsh Government 2294: 2219: 2193: 2120:(1839) 9A&E1 2054: 2042: 1981:Magna Carta 1215 1964: 1957: 1950: 1941: 1814: 1813: 1786:Terence Etherton 1759: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1722: 1631:Sewel Convention 1103:or petition the 977:Treasury Counsel 885:Attorney-General 854:divisional court 845:Sir Philip Sales 842: 828: 814: 724: 678: 675:Treaty of Lisbon 606:Northern Ireland 431:Sewel Convention 411:Northern Ireland 211:Court membership 202:Northern Ireland 186:Sewel Convention 98:Neutral citation 44: 32: 21: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6253: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6228: 6177: 6173:Retained EU law 6079:Brexit 50p coin 6063: 6037: 5971: 5929: 5893: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5835: 5724: 5705:Brexit Alliance 5683: 5637: 5589: 5549: 5512: 5511:Political party 5502: 5491: 5482:Get Britain Out 5427: 5400: 5394: 5363:Opinion polling 5340: 5289:Black Wednesday 5242: 5216: 5195: 5169: 5113: 5048: 5015: 5001: 4935: 4930: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4784: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4443: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4368:Wayback Machine 4356:The Telegraph, 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4314:Wayback Machine 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4261: 4259: 4249: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4143:Wayback Machine 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4096:Wayback Machine 4085:Supreme Court, 4084: 4080: 4073:The Independent 4068:Wayback Machine 4059: 4055: 4045:Wayback Machine 4036: 4032: 4022:Wayback Machine 4013: 4009: 3995: 3993: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3893:The Independent 3887: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3831: 3830: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3795: 3794: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3708: 3706: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3653:Wayback Machine 3644: 3640: 3634:Wayback Machine 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3579:Wayback Machine 3570: 3566: 3560:Wayback Machine 3551: 3547: 3541:Wayback Machine 3532: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3457:Wayback Machine 3448: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3296:Wayback Machine 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3182:Wayback Machine 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3040:Wayback Machine 3025:Wayback Machine 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2912:Financial Times 2904: 2903: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2880:Mishcon de Reya 2874: 2873: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2778: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2609: 2607: 2593: 2592: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2473: 2472: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2423: 2421: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2302:Scottish courts 2295: 2291: 2286: 2264: 2259: 2249: 2239: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2209: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2171: 2157: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2109: 2108: 2106:Court judgments 2103: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2033: 2023: 2013: 1994: 1984: 1974: 1968: 1938: 1913: 1808: 1807: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1720: 1619: 1571: 1475: 1427:Verfassungsblog 1299:Nicola Sturgeon 1295: 1272: 1224:Lord Chancellor 1183:Financial Times 1140: 1134: 1109:competition law 1030: 848: 846: 843: 834: 832: 829: 820: 818: 815: 803: 762:Mishcon de Reya 736: 731: 725: 719: 687:judicial review 680: 664: 652: 626: 602:Welsh Ministers 478: 416:Scotland Office 161: 157: 150: 145: 141: 135: 118: 93:24 January 2017 76: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6311: 6309: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6255: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6187: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6163:United Ireland 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6116:Led By Donkeys 6113: 6108: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6084:Change Britain 6081: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5948: 5946: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5847: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5792:No-deal Brexit 5789: 5788: 5787: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5750: 5745: 5736: 5734: 5733:Brexit process 5730: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5700:March to Leave 5697: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5628: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5580:Led By Donkeys 5577: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5559: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5516: 5514: 5505: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5475:Better Off Out 5467: 5462: 5457: 5455:Grassroots Out 5452: 5447: 5442: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5413: 5411: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5390:Pro-EU leaflet 5387: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5354: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5174:Proposed bills 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5123: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5063: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5009: 5007: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4867: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4814: 4813:External links 4811: 4808: 4807: 4777: 4745: 4713: 4681: 4649: 4617: 4585: 4553: 4521: 4489: 4457: 4425: 4398: 4371: 4349: 4317: 4299: 4269: 4242: 4210: 4178: 4146: 4125: 4099: 4078: 4053: 4030: 4007: 3970: 3940: 3910: 3880: 3850: 3821: 3781: 3750: 3719: 3689: 3656: 3638: 3619: 3583: 3564: 3545: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3490: 3460: 3442: 3410: 3378: 3351: 3325: 3299: 3281: 3249: 3217: 3185: 3167: 3135: 3103: 3077: 3045: 3029:and 64 citing 3006: 2974: 2956: 2930: 2897: 2864: 2838: 2812: 2786: 2760: 2727: 2691: 2673: 2652: 2617: 2581: 2555: 2522: 2492: 2461: 2431: 2405: 2375: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2275: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2224: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2018: 2015: 2014: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1838: 1837: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1815: 1801: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1760: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1731:UK Parliament? 1729: 1726: 1719: 1716: 1618: 1615: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1551: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1504: 1498: 1474: 1471: 1456: 1455: 1448: 1437: 1430: 1415: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1334: 1323: 1294: 1291: 1271: 1268: 1231:Dominic Grieve 1220:Richard Burgon 1207:calling them " 1194:pound sterling 1133: 1132:Press reaction 1130: 1117: 1116: 1097: 1090: 1029: 1026: 973: 972: 966: 961: 956: 953: 948: 943: 938: 935: 930: 927: 922: 917: 914: 909: 904: 850: 849: 844: 837: 835: 830: 823: 821: 816: 809: 807: 802: 799: 789:Lord Neuberger 767:European Union 735: 732: 730: 727: 717: 653: 651: 648: 625: 622: 558:Prime Minister 480: 479: 477: 476: 471: 466: 461: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 341:Wales Act 2014 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 292: 289: 288: 284: 283: 280: 279:Concur/dissent 276: 275: 272: 268: 267: 263: 262: 217: 216:Judges sitting 213: 212: 208: 207: 206: 205: 182: 168: 167: 163: 162: 160: 159: 154: 146: 143:Referred from: 140: 139: 131: 129: 125: 124: 120: 119: 117: 116: 113: 109: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 75: 74: 71: 67: 63: 60: 59:Full case name 56: 55: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6310: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6243: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6158:Tufton Street 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6148:Rue du Brexit 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5962:Chequers plan 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5664:2017 Copeland 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5569: 5568:People's Vote 5566: 5565: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5519:Conservative 5518: 5517: 5515: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5498: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5401:organisations 5397: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5347: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5279:Bruges speech 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5264:UK membership 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4944:Renegotiation 4942: 4941: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4922: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4812: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4765: 4761: 4760:The Telegraph 4757: 4749: 4746: 4730: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4698: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4666: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4634: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4602: 4595: 4589: 4586: 4570: 4563: 4557: 4554: 4538: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4506: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4474: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4442: 4435: 4429: 4426: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4399: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4334: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4303: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4274: 4270: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4243: 4227: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4195: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4163: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4129: 4126: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4011: 4008: 4004: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3958: 3954: 3953:The Telegraph 3950: 3944: 3941: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3751: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3704: 3700: 3693: 3690: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3623: 3620: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3530: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3505:archive.today 3502: 3499: 3494: 3491: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3411: 3395: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3352: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3282: 3266: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3152: 3145: 3139: 3136: 3120: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3010: 3007: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2971:archive.today 2968: 2965: 2960: 2957: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2898: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2839: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2731: 2728: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2670:archive.today 2667: 2664: 2661: 2656: 2653: 2637: 2630: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2526: 2523: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2406: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2298:Lord Advocate 2293: 2290: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2212: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2195: 2194: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2119: 2118: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2055: 2048: 2043: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1890:Not required 1887: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1872:Lord Sumption 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1776:Not required 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1750: 1744: 1743:Queen's Bench 1740: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1662: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441:David Feldman 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1303:Lord Advocate 1300: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1162: 1161:Daily Express 1157: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1144: 1139: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:EU Commission 1102: 1101:EU Parliament 1098: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1003:Lisbon Treaty 1000: 996: 995: 990: 986: 982: 978: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 936: 934: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 902: 898: 897: 896: 894: 890: 889:Jeremy Wright 886: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 841: 836: 827: 822: 813: 808: 805: 800: 798: 796: 795: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 774:Brian Leveson 770: 768: 763: 759: 754: 752: 748: 743: 741: 733: 728: 722: 716: 712: 708: 706: 702: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 676: 672: 668: 661: 659: 649: 647: 645: 644: 639: 635: 631: 623: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582:Lord Advocate 579: 576:The case was 574: 571: 570:Supreme Court 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 531: 526: 525: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 487: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 459: 458:(HM Advocate) 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 376:Lisbon Treaty 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 293: 290: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 266:Case opinions 264: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 218: 214: 209: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 180: 176: 172: 171: 169: 164: 155: 153: 148: 147: 144: 138: 133: 132: 130: 128:Prior actions 126: 121: 114: 111: 110: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 77: 72: 68: 65: 64: 61: 57: 54: 51: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6223:@BorderIrish 6214: 6206: 6198: 6190: 6138:Open Britain 6130: 5945:White papers 5905:on Gibraltar 5809: 5753:Negotiations 5740: 5739: 5715:Brexit Party 5642:By-elections 5633:2019 general 5626:Brexit Party 5606:2017 general 5501:Aftermath of 5487:Bruges Group 5460:Labour Leave 5382: 5373:Project Fear 5368:Endorsements 5308: 5254:UK accession 5228:2014 Clacton 5221:By-elections 5131:Amendments: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4840: 4800:10 September 4798:. Retrieved 4789: 4780: 4768:. Retrieved 4759: 4748: 4736:. Retrieved 4716: 4704:. Retrieved 4684: 4672:. Retrieved 4652: 4640:. Retrieved 4620: 4608:. Retrieved 4588: 4576:. Retrieved 4556: 4544:. Retrieved 4524: 4512:. Retrieved 4492: 4480:. Retrieved 4460: 4448:. Retrieved 4428: 4418:25 September 4416:. Retrieved 4410:. BBC News. 4401: 4391:25 September 4389:. Retrieved 4383:. BBC News. 4374: 4357: 4352: 4340:. Retrieved 4320: 4302: 4290:. Retrieved 4260:. Retrieved 4245: 4233:. Retrieved 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4181: 4169:. Retrieved 4149: 4132: 4128: 4116:. Retrieved 4102: 4086: 4081: 4071: 4056: 4033: 4010: 4001: 3994:. Retrieved 3985:The Guardian 3983: 3973: 3961:. Retrieved 3952: 3943: 3933:25 September 3931:. Retrieved 3922: 3913: 3901:. Retrieved 3892: 3883: 3873:25 September 3871:. Retrieved 3862: 3853: 3841:. Retrieved 3812:. Retrieved 3803:The Guardian 3801: 3772:. Retrieved 3763: 3753: 3741:. Retrieved 3733:The Guardian 3732: 3722: 3714: 3707:. Retrieved 3692: 3680:. Retrieved 3669: 3659: 3641: 3622: 3610:. Retrieved 3593: 3586: 3567: 3548: 3529: 3520: 3511: 3493: 3483:25 September 3481:. Retrieved 3472: 3463: 3445: 3433:. Retrieved 3413: 3401:. Retrieved 3381: 3369:. Retrieved 3354: 3342:. Retrieved 3328: 3316:. Retrieved 3302: 3284: 3272:. Retrieved 3252: 3240:. Retrieved 3220: 3208:. Retrieved 3188: 3170: 3158:. Retrieved 3138: 3126:. Retrieved 3106: 3094:. Retrieved 3080: 3068:. Retrieved 3057: 3048: 3030: 3015: 3009: 2997:. Retrieved 2986: 2977: 2959: 2947:. Retrieved 2933: 2921:. Retrieved 2910: 2900: 2890:25 September 2888:. Retrieved 2879: 2876:"Contact Us" 2855:. Retrieved 2841: 2829:. Retrieved 2815: 2803:. Retrieved 2789: 2777:. Retrieved 2763: 2751:. Retrieved 2742:The Guardian 2740: 2730: 2718:. Retrieved 2711:the original 2706: 2694: 2681: 2676: 2659: 2655: 2643:. Retrieved 2608:. Retrieved 2599: 2572:. Retrieved 2558: 2546:. Retrieved 2535: 2525: 2513:. Retrieved 2504: 2495: 2483:. Retrieved 2452:. Retrieved 2434: 2422:. Retrieved 2408: 2396:. Retrieved 2387: 2378: 2366:. Retrieved 2357: 2348: 2329: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2292: 2267: 2225: 2215: 2204: 2203: 2189: 2177: 2163: 2151: 2144:3 All ER 484 2139: 2127: 2115: 2105: 1925: 1920:. The act's 1914: 1911:Significance 1711: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1688: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1655: 1620: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1576: 1572: 1537: 1507: 1501: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1444: 1433: 1422: 1419:Adam Tomkins 1411: 1407: 1389: 1385: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1350: 1346: 1331:Mick Antoniw 1320:James Wolffe 1296: 1289:Article 50. 1275: 1273: 1263:The Guardian 1262: 1258: 1256: 1244: 1217: 1213:The Guardian 1212: 1204: 1202: 1189:The Guardian 1187: 1181: 1175: 1173: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1080: 1073: 1067: 1062:(1608), the 1057: 1043: 1031: 1022: 1015: 992: 974: 893:domestic law 882: 851: 792: 786: 771: 755: 744: 737: 720: 714: 709: 699: 681: 663: 657: 655: 641: 628:Following a 627: 601: 598:the Scottish 597: 575: 568:Union." The 566: 543: 538: 529: 528: 523: 522: 485: 484: 483: 457: 142: 123:Case history 62: 29: 6225:(2018–2020) 6208:Not Tonight 6121:More United 5952:Brexit plan 5649:2016 Witney 5304:UK Opt-outs 5284:No. No. No. 5119:Legislation 4974:NI protocol 4887:Miller Case 4876:John Finnis 4342:25 November 4262:27 November 4235:26 November 4203:26 November 4171:25 November 2720:18 November 2548:24 February 2398:8 September 2368:7 September 2310:HM Advocate 1827:24 January 1779:3 November 1569:The hearing 1404:John Finnis 1301:, told the 1251:rule of law 1107:to enforce 989:the leading 981:James Eadie 782:interveners 701:David Davis 683:Gina Miller 556:led by the 509:without an 287:Area of law 106:Reported at 6257:Categories 6192:Remainiacs 5616:2019 local 5611:2018 local 5601:2017 local 5503:referendum 5439:Vote Leave 5084:Maastricht 5053:Background 4949:Referendum 4878:and others 4738:8 December 4706:8 December 4674:8 December 4642:8 December 4610:8 December 4578:6 December 4546:6 December 4514:6 December 4482:5 December 4450:5 December 4292:1 December 3996:5 December 3963:5 December 3903:5 November 3843:5 November 3814:4 November 3774:6 November 3743:6 November 3709:3 November 3612:4 November 3435:4 November 3403:4 November 3371:4 November 3344:4 November 3318:4 November 3274:4 November 3242:4 November 3210:4 November 3160:4 November 3128:4 November 2831:27 January 2645:24 January 2610:24 January 2574:18 October 2485:24 January 2454:25 January 2424:18 October 2340:References 2312:, for the 1922:long title 1879:Lord Hodge 1843:Lord Mance 1665:dissented. 1633:, nor the 1373:inter alia 1205:Daily Mail 1167:Daily Mail 1136:See also: 734:Background 691:Maastricht 578:intervened 554:government 546:High Court 527:case" or " 515:Parliament 426:Devolution 190:devolution 188:and other 6089:Change UK 6017:Gibraltar 5992:Gibraltar 5910:on the EU 5594:Elections 5274:UK rebate 5200:Elections 5089:Amsterdam 5032:Gibraltar 3764:Pink News 3627:EWHC 2768 3572:EWHC 2768 3553:EWHC 2768 3534:EWHC 2768 3524:UKHL 56, 2537:The Times 2515:14 August 2324:(for the 1886:Lord Reed 1824:Required 1773:Required 1353:Lady Hale 1259:Telegraph 1227:Liz Truss 650:Arguments 643:The Times 539:Miller II 220:Neuberger 6242:Category 6042:Proposed 6008:Benn Act 5741:Miller I 5445:Leave.EU 5399:Campaign 5350:Campaign 5061:Treaties 4997:Timeline 4794:Archived 4764:Archived 4729:Archived 4697:Archived 4665:Archived 4633:Archived 4601:Archived 4569:Archived 4537:Archived 4505:Archived 4473:Archived 4441:Archived 4412:Archived 4385:Archived 4364:Archived 4333:Archived 4310:Archived 4286:Archived 4256:Archived 4226:Archived 4194:Archived 4162:Archived 4139:Archived 4112:Archived 4092:Archived 4064:Archived 4041:Archived 4018:Archived 4003:hearing. 3990:Archived 3957:Archived 3927:Archived 3897:Archived 3867:Archived 3837:Archived 3808:Archived 3768:Archived 3737:Archived 3703:Archived 3676:Archived 3649:Archived 3630:Archived 3603:Archived 3575:Archived 3556:Archived 3537:Archived 3501:Archived 3477:Archived 3453:Archived 3426:Archived 3394:Archived 3365:Archived 3338:Archived 3312:Archived 3292:Archived 3265:Archived 3233:Archived 3201:Archived 3178:Archived 3151:Archived 3119:Archived 3090:Archived 3070:22 March 3064:Archived 3036:Archived 3021:Archived 2993:Archived 2967:Archived 2943:Archived 2923:31 March 2917:Archived 2884:Archived 2851:Archived 2825:Archived 2799:Archived 2773:Archived 2747:Archived 2666:Archived 2636:Archived 2604:Archived 2568:Archived 2542:Archived 2509:Archived 2479:Archived 2448:Archived 2444:BBC News 2418:Archived 2392:Archived 2362:Archived 2222:UKSC 24 1993:arts 1–4 1936:See also 1637:and the 1617:Judgment 1466:BBC News 1394:and the 1282:justices 1164:and the 1028:Judgment 718:— 616:and the 590:Scottish 588:for the 584:and the 530:Miller I 401:Scotland 271:Majority 252:Carnwath 244:Sumption 194:Scotland 70:Ireland) 6072:Related 5976:Enacted 5450:BeLeave 4955:results 4895:and on 4770:5 April 4118:21 June 3919:"Oaths" 3682:5 April 3096:6 March 2999:21 July 2857:5 April 2805:28 June 2600:Reuters 2320:), the 2182:UKHL 56 2169:UKHL 33 2056:s 2(1) 2044:s 38(1) 1973:sources 1805:Supreme 1649:or the 1277:en banc 1149:The Sun 801:Hearing 580:by the 166:Holding 115:NIQB 19 90:Decided 6219:(2019) 6211:(2018) 6203:(2018) 6195:(2017) 5540:Labour 5409:Remain 5358:Issues 5104:Lisbon 4933:Brexit 4871:Miller 2949:3 July 2779:1 July 2753:5 July 2208:UKSC 5 2196:UKSC 3 2156:UKHL 7 2132:AC 765 2032:ss 3–6 2004:ss 1–2 1645:, the 1593:area". 1564:reply. 1236:Jo Cox 1198:Brexit 1158:, the 1072:, and 1039:EU law 703:, the 695:Lisbon 612:, the 524:Miller 256:Hughes 240:Wilson 236:Clarke 101:UKSC 5 82:Argued 5898:Other 5688:Other 5432:Leave 5247:Other 4732:(PDF) 4725:(PDF) 4700:(PDF) 4693:(PDF) 4668:(PDF) 4661:(PDF) 4636:(PDF) 4629:(PDF) 4604:(PDF) 4597:(PDF) 4572:(PDF) 4565:(PDF) 4540:(PDF) 4533:(PDF) 4508:(PDF) 4501:(PDF) 4476:(PDF) 4469:(PDF) 4444:(PDF) 4437:(PDF) 4336:(PDF) 4329:(PDF) 4229:(PDF) 4222:(PDF) 4197:(PDF) 4190:(PDF) 4165:(PDF) 4158:(PDF) 3606:(PDF) 3599:(PDF) 3515:AC 75 3429:(PDF) 3422:(PDF) 3397:(PDF) 3390:(PDF) 3268:(PDF) 3261:(PDF) 3236:(PDF) 3229:(PDF) 3204:(PDF) 3197:(PDF) 3154:(PDF) 3147:(PDF) 3122:(PDF) 3115:(PDF) 2714:(PDF) 2703:(PDF) 2639:(PDF) 2632:(PDF) 2328:, as 2316:, as 2284:Notes 1983:cl 12 1836:(DP) 1737:Date 1728:Judge 1725:Court 1286:Court 991:case 878:expat 624:Facts 594:Welsh 489:is a 406:Wales 260:Hodge 228:Mance 198:Wales 49:Court 5812:case 5773:2019 5768:2018 5763:2017 5743:case 5545:UKIP 5528:2019 5523:2016 5158:2011 5153:2008 5148:2002 5143:1998 5138:1993 5133:1986 5094:Nice 5069:Rome 4897:SSRN 4802:2017 4772:2018 4740:2016 4708:2016 4676:2016 4644:2016 4612:2016 4580:2016 4548:2016 4516:2016 4484:2016 4452:2016 4420:2019 4393:2019 4344:2016 4294:2016 4264:2016 4237:2016 4205:2016 4173:2016 4120:2018 3998:2016 3965:2016 3935:2019 3905:2016 3875:2019 3845:2016 3816:2016 3776:2016 3745:2016 3711:2016 3684:2018 3614:2016 3485:2019 3437:2016 3405:2016 3373:2016 3346:2016 3320:2016 3276:2016 3244:2016 3212:2016 3162:2016 3130:2016 3098:2018 3072:2018 3001:2016 2951:2016 2925:2017 2892:2019 2859:2018 2833:2018 2807:2016 2781:2016 2755:2016 2722:2016 2687:Text 2647:2017 2612:2017 2576:2016 2550:2017 2517:2019 2487:2017 2456:2017 2426:2016 2400:2019 2370:2019 2255:see 2248:s 18 2006:and 1856:The 1841:The 1832:The 1821:(P) 1817:The 1784:Sir 1762:The 1485:and 1339:The 1325:The 1306:the 1257:The 1186:and 1094:TFEU 1033:the 864:and 693:and 600:and 592:and 248:Reed 232:Kerr 224:Hale 200:and 184:The 5843:and 5294:EEA 4049:BBC 3581:, - 3562:, - 3543:, - 2308:or 2304:as 2238:s 2 2022:s 1 2011:s 1 1924:is 1768:LCJ 1623:TEU 1234:of 1111:or 541:). 6259:: 4792:. 4788:. 4762:. 4758:. 4727:. 4695:. 4663:. 4631:. 4599:. 4567:. 4535:. 4503:. 4471:. 4439:. 4331:. 4284:. 4272:^ 4254:. 4224:. 4192:. 4160:. 4000:. 3988:. 3982:. 3925:. 3921:. 3891:. 3865:. 3861:. 3824:^ 3806:. 3800:. 3784:^ 3766:. 3762:. 3735:. 3731:. 3713:. 3701:. 3674:. 3668:. 3636:, 3601:. 3475:. 3471:. 3424:. 3392:. 3363:. 3263:. 3231:. 3199:. 3149:. 3117:. 3056:. 3027:, 2985:. 2915:. 2909:. 2882:. 2878:. 2867:^ 2745:. 2739:. 2705:. 2620:^ 2602:. 2598:. 2584:^ 2540:. 2534:. 2503:. 2464:^ 2442:. 2386:. 2356:. 1792:) 1790:MR 1770:) 1550:), 1546:, 1443:, 1421:, 1406:, 1375:) 1355:, 1200:. 1152:, 1089:), 860:, 776:, 660:. 537:, 258:, 254:, 250:, 246:, 242:, 238:, 234:, 230:, 226:, 222:, 196:, 6107:" 6103:" 6019:) 6015:( 5994:) 5990:( 5014:" 5010:" 4925:e 4918:t 4911:v 4865:) 4804:. 4774:. 4742:. 4710:. 4678:. 4646:. 4614:. 4582:. 4550:. 4518:. 4486:. 4454:. 4422:. 4395:. 4346:. 4296:. 4266:. 4239:. 4207:. 4175:. 4122:. 3967:. 3937:. 3907:. 3877:. 3847:. 3818:. 3778:. 3747:. 3686:. 3616:. 3596:" 3592:" 3487:. 3439:. 3407:. 3375:. 3348:. 3322:. 3278:. 3246:. 3214:. 3164:. 3132:. 3100:. 3074:. 3003:. 2953:. 2927:. 2894:. 2861:. 2835:. 2809:. 2783:. 2757:. 2724:. 2689:. 2662:. 2649:. 2614:. 2578:. 2552:. 2519:. 2489:. 2458:. 2428:. 2402:. 2372:. 1963:e 1956:t 1949:v 1788:( 1766:( 1429:. 1343:. 1329:( 979:( 971:. 887:( 856:( 677:) 204:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge (XXG)

R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

Index