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374:. Immediately, Dawidowski and his comrades retaliated by placing a large graffito on the Museum ("People of Warsaw—I am here. Jan Kiliński") and adding a new plaque to the Copernicus monument: "For removal of the Kiliński statue, I am extending the winter by two months. Kopernik." Even though most minor sabotage operations took place in Warsaw, they also were organized in other cities of occupied Poland, such as
22:
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167:, a young Polish student, Elżbieta Zahorska, tore down a German poster. Soon after, she was executed for her act; her death, however, instead of cowing others, inspired an entire new branch of Polish resistance, called minor sabotage.
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Several organizations dedicated to minor sabotage were created in 1939 and 1940, notably PLAN, Wawer and
Palmiry. Minor sabotage was often carried out by scouting organizations such as
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breaking windows in shops that displayed German symbols (for example, those of photographers who displayed photographs of German soldiers, and of shops that displayed signs in
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a large plaque proclaiming
Copernicus to have been a German astronomer. Dawidowski removed and concealed the German plaque. In response, the Germans moved Warsaw's statue of
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204:, a teacher and scouting activist, soon became a major figure in organizing such operations. In November 1940 he published an article in the main
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harassing German occupiers and collaborators by sending threats or denouncing them as underground activists to German security forces
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counteracting German Nazi propaganda operations (for example, by altering German posters—such posters about advances in the
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386:, painting of a large symbol of the Polish underground state on the tower of the Cathedral church), and
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Slogan "Only for
Germans" painted on the lamppost in Warsaw may suggest hanging the German Nazis here.
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390:(writing "Hitler Kaputt" on the walls, selling fake copies of the local daily "Goniec Krakowski").
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on 11 February 1942. Soon after the
Germans had occupied Warsaw in 1939, they had placed on the
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tearing down and damaging German flags and putting up Polish flags for Polish anniversaries
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not acknowledging that one speaks German, and thus refusing to communicate with the
Germans
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378:(painting anti-German graffiti, destruction of German signs, affixing of Polish posters),
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symbol was introduced, it was painted all around Warsaw by a 400-strong dedicated team.
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313:"Amending" German newspapers with Polish symbols; on occasion, issuing fake editions
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Small, nonviolent acts by the Polish underground to undermine the Nazi occupation
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campaigns, and the like. Minor-sabotage operations often involved elements of
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382:(defacing of German symbols on official signs, stamping newspapers with the
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ignoring German demands or executing them only at the last possible moment
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Hidden in the Enemy's Sight: Resisting the Third Reich from Within
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watch the German line", literally "Only pigs sit in the theater")
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operation that involved a disruptive but relatively minor and
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was the target of a celebrated minor-sabotage operation.
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The purpose of minor-sabotage operations was primarily
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Notable or common minor-sabotage operations included:
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Recollections of the End of an Era: Poland 1919–1945
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A particularly notable operation was carried out by
591:Chapter "Messenger work and small sabotage", p. 57
345:" ("Only for Germans"), in selected sites such as
307:taking over German megaphone systems to broadcast
176:. On a larger scale, it was coordinated by the
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132:form of defiance, such as the painting of
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611:Polish resistance during World War II
437:(Dictionary of the Polish Language),
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226:painting pro-Polish and anti-Nazi
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512:Rzeczpospolita, Dodatek Specjalny
294:were "amended" to the date 1812)
178:Directorate of Civil Resistance
230:. Common symbols included the
159:In September 1939, during the
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581:, Dundurn Press Ltd., 2008,
358:Nicolaus Copernicus Monument
236:("anchor"—the symbol of the
206:Polish underground newspaper
84:Nicolaus Copernicus monument
330:Tylko świnie siedzą w kinie
271:inefficient, slow work and
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339:placing the German sign, "
563:Google Print, pp. 128–29.
372:National Museum in Warsaw
161:German invasion of Poland
435:Słownik Języka Polskiego
354:Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski
182:Polish Underground State
363:Krakowskie Przedmieście
256:" ("We will avenge the
248:" ("We will avenge the
553:, Author House, 2005,
309:Polish patriotic songs
126:underground resistance
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75:
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49:Union of Lublin Square
39:on the remains of the
616:Psychological warfare
320:that screened German
211:Biuletyn Informacyjny
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63:graffito on Warsaw's
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24:
514:, 29.05.04, no. 125.
500:Piasek sypany w oczy
507:26 May 2008 at the
202:Aleksander Kamiński
238:Polish underground
124:(1939–45) was any
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496:Tomasz Stańczyk,
400:Operation Arsenal
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322:propaganda films
65:Aviator Monument
41:Aviator Monument
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509:Wayback Machine
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250:Wawer massacre
246:Wawer pomścimy
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165:fall of Warsaw
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92:minor sabotage
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173:Szare Szeregi
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538:Mały sabotaż
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429:Mały sabotaż
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368:Jan Kiliński
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292:Soviet Union
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115:World War II
111:mały sabotaż
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606:Nonviolence
540:, polska.pl
535:(in Polish)
494:(in Polish)
424:(in Polish)
376:Częstochowa
190:Operation N
130:non-violent
33:painted by
600:Categories
347:cemeteries
218:Operations
138:propaganda
332:" ("Only
326:newsreels
266:Auschwitz
260:"), and "
186:Home Army
113:) during
82:Warsaw's
621:Sabotage
505:Archived
394:See also
273:sabotage
262:Oświęcim
242:forcibly
228:graffiti
134:graffiti
31:graffito
384:Kotwica
370:to the
233:kotwica
195:kotwica
180:of the
155:History
60:Kotwica
27:Kotwica
585:
557:
388:Kraków
380:Kielce
302:German
258:Pawiak
122:Poland
107:Polish
45:Warsaw
406:Notes
334:swine
252:"), "
188:(see
142:humor
583:ISBN
555:ISBN
324:and
264:" ("
439:PWN
360:on
268:").
117:in
101:or
96:aka
47:'s
43:at
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519:^
502:,"
446:^
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414:^
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90:A
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304:)
94:(
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