170:, Sweden, speaking Finnish was forbidden from municipal employees, and that this was the case also with small talk during breaks. According to an agreement between the city council and the municipal trade union the official working language is Swedish and two employees were not allowed to speak Finnish with one another in the common work premises or in break rooms. The
185:(also known as Tornionlaaksonsuomi and Tornedalian) is spoken by a population in northern Sweden. It is closely related to and mutually intelligible with Finnish and sometimes considered a dialect thereof, with many loanwords from Swedish. Especially in Finland the distinction of Meänkieli as a separate language is seen as
297:
since early in their history. The first Jews were permitted to reside in Sweden during the late 18th century. As of 2009, the Jewish population in Sweden was estimated at around 20,000. Out of these 2,000–6,000 claim to have at least some knowledge of
Yiddish according to various reports and surveys.
81:
To be accorded official minority status, a language must have been spoken in Sweden for a significant amount of time. A precise figure has not been revealed, but qualified estimations consider 100 years to be reasonable, based on the included and excluded languages. A significant immigration to
65:
The minority languages have been legally recognized to protect the cultural and historical heritage of their respective speech communities. These communities are given certain rights on that basis, such as school education in their language, and its use in dealing with governmental agencies.
61:
dominates commercial and cultural life in Sweden but did not officially become the country's main language until 2009, when a new language law entered into effect. The need for this legal status had been the subject of protracted debate and proposed legislation was narrowly defeated in 2005.
505:
298:
The number of native speakers among these has been estimated by linguist Mikael
Parkvall to be 750–1,500. It is believed that virtually all native speakers of Yiddish in Sweden today are adults, and most of them elderly.
136:. The number of Finnish speakers in Sweden today has been estimated to over 460,000. Even though many current Swedes are of full or mixed Finnish descent, Swedish is the main language in practice for many bilinguals.
123:
has been spoken in Sweden ever since the (then provincial) borders were drawn in the 13th century. Sweden has always had a significant migration to and from
Finland. As the two languages belong to different
586:
1051:
104:
was not included – even though it is a unique language with a history dating back to the 18th century, it was considered to have a sufficiently stable basis already in
Swedish culture.
278:, has been spoken in Sweden since the 16th century. Today about 9,500 people speak it in Sweden. It does not have a geographical center, but is considered to be of historical importance.
97:
It is also required that the language be spoken by a significant number of people and be centred in a specific geographical region. (This criterion was waived for Romani and
Yiddish.)
509:
640:
239:, in the country. Of those who speak a Sámi language in Sweden, the majority (61%) speak Northern Sámi, followed by Southern Sámi (22%), and Lule Sámi (17%); Pite and Ume Sámi are
100:
Furthermore, it is a condition that the granting of official minority language status should be of cultural benefit to the group speaking it. It is allegedly for this reason that
1046:
75:
1095:
561:
597:
1061:
633:
693:
936:
328:
Romani and
Yiddish have minority language status throughout the country and are covered by government obligations regarding their preservation.
626:
542:
Svonni, Mikael (2008). "Språksituationen för
Samerna i Sverige" [The Sámi Language Situation in Sweden]. In Barruk, Henrik (ed.).
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415:
1088:
906:
763:
841:
992:
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753:
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305:(Yiddish Association of Sweden) has been the national parent organization for Yiddish speakers and has four local chapters in
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244:
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371:
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831:
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738:
1007:
1027:
1012:
946:
916:
851:
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836:
826:
821:
816:
1022:
911:
886:
871:
502:
Från erkännande till egenmakt, från ord till handling. Rapport från konferens om den minoritetspolitiska reformen.
1056:
997:
325:(The Society for Yiddish and Yiddish Culture in Sweden) which is now the name of the chapter based in Stockholm.
226:
218:
140:
476:
783:
260:
74:
These are the criteria established by the
Minority Language Committee, influenced by the directives from the
337:
144:
573:
1221:
1188:
1183:
678:
101:
222:
214:
51:
1237:
866:
718:
703:
230:
86:, and many languages currently spoken by a large number of people in Sweden are excluded, among them
1104:
1041:
981:
723:
688:
424:
342:
240:
152:
148:
171:
129:
1146:
649:
375:, Integrations- och jämställdhetsdepartementet, Informationsmaterial IJ 07.07e, July 13, 2007
206:
186:
39:
1171:
1151:
1136:
1118:
286:
210:
120:
91:
58:
47:
35:
17:
560:. RAPPLING 1. Rapporter från Institutionen för lingvistik vid Stockholms universitet. 2009
412:
243:
with few speakers. As a minority language, Sámi is an official language and may be used in
1178:
419:
352:
271:
133:
125:
87:
43:
546:[The Sámi in Sweden] (Report) (in Swedish). Giron, Sweden: Sámediggi. p. 26.
437:
Hult, F.M. (2004). Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden.
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1267:
1198:
275:
190:
256:
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1161:
1141:
182:
1242:
1193:
1156:
83:
618:
527:
522:
310:
451:
1247:
314:
290:
252:
233:
Sámi — although they are commonly referred to as a single language,
389:
318:
306:
139:
Finnish and Meänkieli can be used in the northernmost municipalities of
1252:
1205:
167:
1073:
194:
31:
543:
248:
128:
it is easy to distinguish them, unlike the neighbouring languages
1077:
622:
174:
considered that a ban was permissible in that particular case.
1052:
Framework
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
294:
163:
321:. It has been active since 1976 and was previously known as
197:). The number of speakers in Sweden amounts to 30,000.
107:
Common culture is yet another criterion for inclusion.
428:, 2005-12-07. Retrieved on July 23, 2006. (in Swedish)
27:
Overview of the official minority languages of Sweden
323:
Sällskapet för jiddisch och jiddischkultur i
Sverige
34:
formally declared five official minority languages:
1230:
1214:
1127:
1111:
1047:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
980:
935:
807:
657:
76:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
162:On 11 December 2007, Finnish Broadcasting Company
1089:
634:
234:
8:
30:In 1999, the Minority Language Committee of
1096:
1082:
1074:
1062:Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights
641:
627:
619:
390:"Swedish becomes official 'main language'"
372:National minorities and minority languages
367:, Svenska språknämnden 2003. (In Swedish)
380:
558:Sveriges språk. Vem talar vad och var?
477:"Feldt-Ranta frågar om Uppsala-fallet"
452:"Uppsala kielsi suomen kielen käytön"
7:
413:Svenskan blir inte officiellt språk
365:Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk
209:encompasses five closely related
25:
159:and its immediate neighbourhood.
82:Sweden did not start until after
348:Languages of the European Union
293:(Central and Eastern European)
241:critically endangered languages
289:has been a common language of
189:not based in linguistics (see
1:
1129:Recognized minority languages
388:Landes, David (2009-07-01).
18:Minority languages in Sweden
594:Manskligarattigheter.gov.se
193:for a similar situation in
1295:
587:"נאַציאָנאַלע מינאָריטעטן"
574:Detta är Jiddischförbundet
572:Sveriges Jiddischförbund,
1274:Language policy in Sweden
1057:European Day of Languages
1036:
576:. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
263:where it is most common.
500:Stockholm County Board,
303:Sveriges Jiddischförbund
842:Bosnia and Herzegovina
338:Demographics of Sweden
235:
70:Criteria for inclusion
1222:Swedish Sign Language
993:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
506:Internet Archive copy
102:Swedish Sign Language
937:States with limited
603:on 26 September 2007
359:References and notes
54:(Tornedal Finnish).
1105:Languages of Sweden
1042:Languages of Europe
425:Sveriges Television
343:Languages of Sweden
245:government agencies
1279:Minority languages
650:Minority languages
544:Samiskan i Sverige
418:2009-10-14 at the
274:, the language of
172:Equality Ombudsman
166:reported, that in
111:Affected languages
1261:
1260:
1112:Official language
1071:
1070:
986:other territories
556:Mikael Parkvall,
301:The organization
187:language politics
126:language families
16:(Redirected from
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1098:
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1084:
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957:Nagorno-Karabakh
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596:. Archived from
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441:, 3(2), 181-201.
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211:Uralic languages
59:Swedish language
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882:North Macedonia
810:European states
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439:Language Policy
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207:Sámi languages
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201:Sámi languages
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862:Liechtenstein
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288:
281:
279:
277:
276:Romani people
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266:
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258:
257:nursing homes
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250:
246:
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191:Kven language
188:
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33:
19:
1189:Scandoromani
1184:Finnish Kalo
1128:
982:Dependencies
967:Transnistria
927:Vatican City
605:. Retrieved
598:the original
593:
581:
568:
557:
552:
537:
526:
517:
511:
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484:. Retrieved
480:
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459:. Retrieved
455:
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397:. Retrieved
393:
383:
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364:
327:
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270:
204:
181:
161:
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119:
106:
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64:
56:
29:
1243:East Danish
1238:Dalecarlian
1018:Isle of Man
939:recognition
907:Switzerland
764:Netherlands
563:, pp. 68–72
523:"Meänkieli"
456:Yle Uutiset
394:Thelocal.se
272:Romani chib
205:In Sweden,
84:World War I
1268:Categories
897:San Marino
877:Montenegro
857:Kazakhstan
832:Azerbaijan
754:Luxembourg
528:Ethnologue
399:2009-07-15
311:Gothenburg
253:preschools
157:Övertorneå
1248:Elfdalian
1142:Meänkieli
1008:Gibraltar
749:Lithuania
652:of Europe
504:May 2010
315:Stockholm
291:Ashkenazi
183:Meänkieli
178:Meänkieli
145:Haparanda
141:Gällivare
130:Norwegian
78:in 1997.
52:Meänkieli
1172:Northern
1152:Southern
1028:Svalbard
1013:Guernsey
947:Abkhazia
789:Slovenia
784:Slovakia
774:Portugal
679:Bulgaria
659:European
416:Archived
332:See also
227:Southern
219:Northern
213:—
1253:Gutnish
1206:Yiddish
1137:Finnish
1119:Swedish
917:Ukraine
867:Moldova
852:Iceland
847:Georgia
837:Belarus
827:Armenia
822:Andorra
817:Albania
779:Romania
734:Ireland
729:Hungary
719:Germany
709:Finland
704:Estonia
699:Denmark
684:Croatia
674:Belgium
669:Austria
287:Yiddish
282:Yiddish
259:in the
236:Samiska
168:Uppsala
121:Finnish
116:Finnish
92:Persian
48:Yiddish
36:Finnish
1179:Romani
1023:Jersey
952:Kosovo
912:Turkey
902:Serbia
892:Russia
887:Norway
872:Monaco
808:Other
799:Sweden
769:Poland
744:Latvia
724:Greece
714:France
689:Cyprus
607:20 May
486:21 May
461:21 May
267:Romani
249:courts
229:, and
195:Norway
153:Pajala
149:Kiruna
134:Danish
88:Arabic
50:, and
44:Romani
32:Sweden
998:Åland
794:Spain
759:Malta
739:Italy
661:Union
601:(PDF)
590:(PDF)
319:Malmö
307:Borås
1167:Lule
1162:Pite
1147:Sámi
609:2018
488:2018
463:2018
317:and
295:Jews
255:and
223:Pite
215:Lule
155:and
132:and
90:and
57:The
1157:Ume
984:and
231:Ume
164:YLE
1270::
592:.
525:.
479:.
454:.
422:,
392:.
313:,
309:,
251:,
247:,
225:,
221:,
217:,
151:,
147:,
143:,
94:.
46:,
42:,
38:,
1097:e
1090:t
1083:v
642:e
635:t
628:v
611:.
531:.
490:.
465:.
402:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.