1259:
1403:
1499:
1587:
1582:
1331:
1187:
1602:
1572:
1235:
1125:
1562:
1451:
1427:
1153:
1577:
1567:
1379:
1742:
1699:
1641:
1617:
1592:
1528:
1675:
1607:
1538:
1533:
1523:
1355:
1307:
1283:
1211:
1101:
1077:
1049:
1651:
1646:
1612:
1597:
1475:
944:
635:
1023:
951:
738:
642:
958:
937:
841:
745:
649:
628:
848:
752:
731:
855:
834:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
621:
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
558:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
24:
391:
1926:#1-5 Cosmological objects (Chaos, Sun, Moon, Star, World), #6-9 Elements (Air, Earth, Water, Fire), #10-13 Age (Youth, Infancy, Adolescence, Old age), #14-18 Senses (Taste, Smell, Touch, Sight, Hearing), #19-24 Virtues (Prudence, Justice, Charity, Hope, Fortitude, Renown/Judgement), #25-30 Gods (Mercury, Bacchus, Amor, Venus, Momus, Fortune) #31-42 Months/Zodiac (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December).
384:
377:
370:
3465:
967:
329:
3475:
3049:
1871:
1853:. While 98-card decks were mentioned as being played in Sicily during the early 18th century, only a few examples from Genoa survive. It is uncertain how this card ranked and how it affected the versicole sequences in the game. Also unknown is how it relates to the 98-card version of de Poilly's Minchiate described below.
1981:(the Fool), the total number of cards is 73. Compounding the mystery is that the packaging is in French. Industrie und GlĂĽck type decks are not known to have a community of players in any French speaking country while the game of Minchiate is thought to have been restricted to only a few players in Genoa by the 1930s.
248:. However, this game was believed to be played by a 78-card deck as evidenced by the Rosenwald sheets, uncut sheets of Florentine tarots dated from 1480 to 1500. There are two other differences from 97-card minchiate. First, in 97-card minchiate the sequence for some of the lower trumps goes from lowest to highest:
2164:
At the end of the round, each player adds to their running total the captured cards, melds from the captured cards, and the last trick bonus. The player who has captured more than 25 cards gets a bonus point for each extra card. The two players then compare their sums with the loser having to pay the
268:
as the second trump which is not found in the 97-card deck. In a
Florentine song written around 1500, the trumps in a tarot deck were listed as almost exactly as the Rosenwald sheets with the exception of the missing Popess which likely means that this card was dropped from the deck by that time. The
2153:
are used to keep track of scoring. The dealer gives 25 cards to his opponent and himself. His opponent leads the first trick but instead of letting the dealer play, she declares any meld she has and scores. The dealer then declares his melds and scores. Each takes back their own cards and the dealer
1754:
By comparing the
Rosenwald sheet with 16th century trump lists, the Popess (II) was likely dropped in the late 15th century which shifted every trump above the first down one rank. The Empress, Emperor, and Pope became the new II, III, and IIII respectively, the latter now wearing a secular crown as
982:
The Later
Minchiate pattern appeared around the early 18th century as a luxury edition. In this version, the eight highest trumps lose their red backgrounds. Around 1820, this pattern was redesigned to give it a flatter, plainer appearance with changes to a quarter of the trump and court cards while
1916:
After his death, his son François (1666-1741), inherited his engravings. He should not be confused with his identically named cousin (1671-1723). Circa 1715-1730, he reused his father's engravings to create a copper-colored monochrome 98-card deck. Possibly out of ignorance of the original game, he
1829:
studying the moon instead of the tarot of
Marseilles howling dogs and lobster. The card corresponding to the Hermit is often called Time, or the Hunchback; it depicts an elderly man on crutches with an hourglass in the background. Like other southern decks, the final card in the series is not the
1907:
as the Fool, #1-4 Gods (Mercury, Amor, Venus, Bacchus), #5-9 Virtues (Prudence, Charity, Justice, Hope, Strength), #10 Fortune, #11-14 Ages (Old age, Youth, Adolescence, Infancy), #15-19 Senses (Taste, Touch, Smell, Hearing, Sight), #20-23 Elements (Fire, Earth, Water, Air), #24-35 Months/Zodiac
978:
produced their own version of
Minchiate decks which were very similar to the ones used in nearby Florence but with several graphical differences. Kings are seated under arches, knights are humans riding horses, all knaves are male, and the Fool is playing with a dog. This pattern died out in the
1861:
Educational decks were produced in
Florence during the 18th century. Instead of the usual figures and pips, each card would have text explaining a certain topic. One history deck has each suit teaching the history of Assyria, Persia, Greece, or Rome with the trumps teaching myths and legends.
280:, which is now trump 36. The new deck proved so much more popular that the 77-card deck ceased production and the older name of minchiate was transferred over to the larger deck during the 17th century. The game spread from Florence to the rest of Italy and France during that century. In
1886:
Minchiate deck in the late 1650s after his return from Italy. Each of the plain suits represent a different continent; spades for Africa, hearts for Europe, clubs for the
Americas, and diamonds for Asia. The engravings share motifs with both the Italian Minchiate and the later
1944:
Momus as the Fool, #1 Mercury, #2 Amor, #3-8 Virtues and
Fortune (Hope, Fortitude, Fortune, Justice, Charity, Prudence), #9-12 Age (Old age, Youth, Adolescence, Infancy), #13-16 Elements (Water, Fire, Earth, Air), #17 Star, #18 Moon, #19 Sun, #20 Renown/Judgement, #21
1908:(December/Capricorn, November/Sagittarius, September/Libra, October/Scorpio, August/Virgo, July/Leo, June/Cancer, May/Gemini, April/Taurus, March/Aries, February/Pisces, January/Aquarius), #36-39 Cosmological objects (Star, Moon, Sun, World), #40 Renown/Judgement.
1767:
was largely forgotten for centuries as players generally called cards by their number (pope 2, pope 3, etc.) French writer Romain Merlin (1869) is the only source that called trumps II, III, and IIII the Grand Duke, Western
Emperor, and Eastern Emperor.
450:
Minchiate decks come in two standard patterns, earlier and later, which coexisted for almost two centuries. Earlier
Minchiate dates from the early 16th century or even the late 15th century. As seen in the table below, there are the four standard Latin
339:
The minchiate deck differs from other tarot decks in several features. The first and most obvious difference is that the trumps have almost doubled in number; there are 40 trumps in the minchiate, in addition to the unnumbered card the Madman,
1730:
1912:
The September and October cards are out of order, apparently in error. The eight highest trumps have a red background just like in the Italian cards. All trumps use Arabic numerals as corner indices while the plain suits lack them.
1993:
in which points are scored by capturing certain cards and sets of cards. As in most tarot games, the pip cards in cups and coins are in reverse order and play is counter-clockwise. The lowest five trumps were called
276:, after the Gemini (XXXV) card, the highest of the newly introduced trumps. The earliest record of germini dates to 1506. This deck was created by inserting the 20 new trumps as a single block between trump 15 and
1930:
He or another member of the family also reused the engravings to create a 78-card tarot set. It has 21 numbered trumps and Momus as the Fool. Based on the order of the two highest trumps, it is arranged like the
1917:
rearranged the order of many trumps. Momus is no longer the Fool but a numbered trump card. The lowest trump is the newly introduced "Le Chaos". The resultant deck cannot be used for any known Minchiate ruleset.
2158:. If they are unable to do so, they must play a trump. If unable to play a trump, then any card can be discarded. The winner of each trick immediately scores from the captured cards and leads to the next trick.
307:
By the 18th century, minchiate had overtaken the original game of tarot in popularity in Italy. Paolo Minucci published a commentary on the game in 1676, and the game is described in detail by Romain Merlin in
2173:
Although no divination system using this pack of cards ever existed in previous centuries, and because of this allegorical and cosmological content, in recent years tarot occultists have proposed systems of
1825:
is called The House of God in the Marseilles tarot, it is called the House of the Devil or Hellmouth in the minchiate deck and it depicts a nude woman fleeing a burning building. The Moon depicts an
2803:
Fara, Rudolf and Salles, Maurice (2006) An interview with Michael Dummett: from analytical philosophy to voting analysis and beyond. Social Choice and Welfare, 27 (2). pp. 347-364. ISSN 1432-217X
296:
but the rules used in these regions are lost save for cryptic references that they were quite different from the Florentine game. All surviving rules are derived from the type played in the
2657:
2957:
2435:
2419:
269:
song also ranks the other trumps as Fortitude, Justice, Chariot, and Wheel, which suggests it is a transitional stage from the Rosenwald sheets to the 97-card deck's order.
2559:
2161:
The Fool excuses the player from following suit, it can neither capture nor be captured. The player gives a worthless card from his trick pile in exchange to his opponent.
1989:
Minchiate can be played by two to four players with the most common version played by four players divided into two partnerships. The game, like other tarot games, is a
1258:
1402:
3478:
1498:
2122:
from their captured tricks. Trumps 1, 3, 13, 20, 28, and 30-38 are considered valuable cards to capture or protect because they are required to form some
1586:
1581:
1330:
1186:
1601:
1571:
1234:
1124:
1561:
1450:
1426:
1152:
2950:
1576:
1566:
1378:
1698:
1640:
1616:
1591:
1527:
1741:
1674:
1606:
1537:
1532:
1522:
1354:
1306:
1282:
1210:
1100:
1076:
1048:
1650:
1645:
1611:
1596:
1474:
943:
634:
2661:
1022:
950:
737:
641:
2149:
This is the simplest version of the game; it was not considered serious but only as an introduction to the more complex four player versions.
957:
936:
840:
744:
648:
627:
1622:
la Bilancia, la Vergine, lo Scorpione, l'Ariete, il Capricorno, il Sagittario, il Cancro, i Pesci, l'Acquario, il Leone, il Toro, i Gemelli
847:
751:
730:
2943:
2188:
854:
833:
2791:
2775:
2734:
2644:
2563:
3514:
2816:
2534:
2376:
1628:
26 Septembre, 28 Aoust, 27 Octobre, 33 Mars, 24 Decembre, 25 Novembre, 30 Juin, 34 Fevrier, 35 Janvier, 29 Juillet, 32 Avril, 31 May
3499:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
557:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
233:
3301:
826:
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
467:: a jack, a knight, a queen, and a king. In the minchiate deck, however, in the suits of cups and coins, the "knaves" or "pages" (
3534:
3504:
3271:
3539:
3291:
3281:
491:
3529:
3524:
2065:
The last trick is worth 10 points. Trump 29 is a unique card, by itself it is worth nothing but when used in combinations (
1845:) are unnumbered. A 98th card was made for some decks. It is a trump with a red background and is also unnumbered like the
348:
for its trumps. Due to the large number of trumps, players generally called them by their number with the exception of the
257:
183:
1414:(15 Les Sens, le Gout), (16 Les Sens, le Toucher), (17 Les Sens l'odorat), (18 Les Sens, l'Ouye), (19 Les Sens, la Veue)
2208:
has speculated that these 40 cards are the 40 trumps of the minchiate deck. He has also pointed out that Leland's book
3519:
1883:
264:. In the Rosenwald ordering it is Justice, Fortitude, Chariot, and Wheel. Second, the Rosenwald sheets contains the
178:
Florence is one of the contenders for the birthplace of tarot. The earliest reference to tarot cards, then known as
2916:
1803:
2787:
2073:
are formed through a sequence of three or more of consecutive point cards. In addition, there are four irregular
3509:
3468:
3184:
1625:
The zodiac (Libra, Virgo, Scorpio, Aries, Capricorn, Sagittarius, Cancer, Pisces, Aquarius, Leo, Taurus, Gemini)
2304:
217:
means "to laugh at" someone. The intended meaning may be "the game of the fool", considering that the card "
2308:
3323:
2183:
1970:
1966:
1822:
1782:" depicted in the more familiar tarot trumps. The minchiate supplies the remaining cardinal virtue —
297:
3350:
495:
341:
277:
249:
218:
1962:
1879:
245:
3419:
3399:
3354:
3263:
3225:
3139:
2407:
261:
253:
3383:
3358:
2118:
have to be declared at the beginning of the game. At the end of the round, each team will assemble
1932:
1787:
1775:
1061:
987:
983:
restoring the red background to the high trumps. This pattern survived in Liguria until the 1930s.
479:
3395:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3270:
3099:
2002:("airs") and have a special high scoring value in the game. Minchiate is similar in many ways to
316:
in 1869. It was also known in Germany during the late 18th century. The game was still played in
265:
163:
2627:
1949:
The de Poilly family's packs are the oldest know French-suited tarot decks, predating even the
390:
3440:
3414:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3336:
3304:
3300:
3025:
2280:
2217:
1990:
1835:
1818:
1814:
975:
383:
3204:
3199:
3174:
3089:
3057:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2695:
2619:
2354:
2330:
1799:
1779:
1771:
468:
376:
369:
210:
23:
3445:
3328:
3258:
3169:
3165:
3114:
2547:
2236:
1892:
221:", also called "The Excuse", features prominently in the game play of all tarot games. In
179:
3144:
3084:
2439:
2423:
2349:
1998:("popes") while the highest five trumps (Star, Moon, Sun, World, Trumpets) were called
1763:(popes), Love was added to this group after its demotion. The identification of middle
345:
2600:
2575:
2463:
2451:
2254:
2133:
The minchiate deck was also used to play two games that don't use normal tarot rules,
1973:
pattern, the plain suits consists of only 32 cards while the 40 trumps feature rustic
1318:
11 Les Ages, la Vieilesse, (12 Age Viril), (13 Age Adolescences), (14 Ages l'Enfence)
3493:
3450:
3332:
3294:
3250:
3242:
3104:
2921:
2620:
1888:
1807:
155:
494:
with the exception of the clubs which are depicted as batons which follows from the
328:
3435:
3342:
3234:
3194:
3189:
3160:
3124:
3119:
3079:
3010:
2829:
2489:
2196:
is given that mentions the use of "40 cards", which are renamed in the spell as 40
2011:
1974:
1950:
452:
320:
in the 1930s, but its popularity declined in the late 19th and early 20th century.
301:
182:, is dated to 1440 when a notary in Florence recorded the transfer of two decks to
55:
2771:
2640:
3403:
3129:
3015:
3000:
2878:
2193:
2155:
1756:
966:
241:
1841:
The eight highest ranking trumps have a red background while the top five (the
3346:
2995:
2935:
2476:
2205:
2179:
2175:
2003:
222:
127:
2284:
3074:
1826:
464:
456:
367:
139:
1830:
World, but Judgement. The minchiate completes the series by adding all the
1821:
as opposed to the western patterns like the tarot of Marseilles. While the
1813:
Minchiate is a southern tarot pattern so it shares many qualities with the
970:
Earlier Minchiate cards, 17th century, from Smithsonian Digital Collections
2895:
3109:
2588:
1783:
1549:
20 Element le Feu, 22 Element l'Eau, 21 Element Terre, 23 Element l'Aire
194:
167:
143:
37:
3048:
2927:
2530:
2372:
1870:
1729:
3094:
3030:
2201:
2007:
1850:
1137:
483:
289:
232:
170:. The minchiate represents a Florentine variant on the original game.
3134:
3035:
3020:
3005:
1831:
487:
281:
2903:
1849:. It depicts a nude woman running in a wheel, probably representing
2812:
2507:
2240:
2126:
or to deny the opposition the same. The Fool can be added to every
1965:
of Vienna around 1930 also featured forty trumps. It resembles the
3179:
2197:
2150:
2014:) of cards are more important than the value of individual cards.
1904:
1869:
1791:
1170:
1165:
1034:
965:
332:
327:
317:
313:
231:
159:
147:
2910:
2328:
Depaulis, Thierry (2007). "Early Italian Lists of Tarot Trumps".
2102:: Trumps 10, 20, and 30; or 20, 30, and 40; or 10, 20, 30, and 40
240:
The earliest reference to minchiate is found in a 1466 letter by
3069:
2689:
Renzoni, Nazario (2012). "Some remarks on Germini in Bronzino's
2479:
at Peter Endebrock's Playing-card Pages. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
1795:
2939:
1802:. The only other deck to have the theological virtues was the
1759:. Since the five lowest trumps were collectively known as the
460:
2603:
at the World Web Playing Card Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2578:
at the World Web Playing Card Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2466:
at the World Web Playing Card Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2454:
at the World Web Playing Card Museum. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
388:
381:
374:
2396:. Leinfelden: Deutsches Spielkarten-Museum. pp. 36–40.
2040:
The Fool, Kings, and Trumps 1, 10, 13, 20, 28, (29), 30-35
986:
The trumps of the minchiate deck, and their corresponding
1969:
decks used for Central European tarock. Like the 54-card
2718:. Leinfelden: Deutsches Spielkarten-Museum. p. 49.
2591:
at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2550:
at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2410:
at the World of Playing Cards. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
158:
used in the game. The deck is closely related to the
2788:
Jeu de Minchiate de fantaisie à enseignes françaises
2772:
Jeu de Minchiate de fantaisie à enseignes françaises
2641:
Jeu de Minchiate de fantaisie à enseignes françaises
3428:
3368:
3313:
3218:
3153:
3056:
2973:
1862:Geography decks contained maps of the known world.
121:
113:
105:
97:
85:
77:
69:
61:
51:
43:
33:
2658:"Regole delle Minchiate di Niccolo Oneste (1716)"
455:of swords, clubs, coins, and cups; these contain
166:. The game was similar to but more complex than
3210:(all played with 36-card French or German packs)
2913:Minchiate revival association with Italian rules
1665:XVII L'Ă©toile, XVIII La Lune, XVIIII Le Soleil
229:is a signal used to communicate to a teammate.
490:in many minchiate decks. The suits follow the
2951:
2626:. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press. pp.
2622:A History of Games Played with the Tarot Pack
8:
2200:who are being invoked to compel the goddess
1636:(XXXVI to XXXVIII, but usually unnumberred)
16:
2750:, Romain Merlin, Paris, 1869. Page 130-131.
2210:Etruscan-Roman Remains in Popular Tradition
1961:Mysterious French-suited decks produced by
1546:The four elements: fire, water, earth, air
2958:
2944:
2936:
2813:Unsolved Problems in Playing-Card Research
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2490:"Jeu de Minchiate: jeu de cartes, estampe"
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2212:(1892) contains a spell that is cast with
2016:
2853:, p.67, New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1971
1662:36 Les Etoiles, 37 La Lune, 38 Le Soleil
154:can also refer to the special deck of 97
93:Round suits: K Q C J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
28:Trump I, Ganellino from Earlier Minchiate
1786: — and inserts them with the three
992:
500:
478:). The knights, mounted figures in the
354:
162:cards, but contains an expanded suit of
91:Long suits: K Q C J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2618:Dummett, Michael; McLeod, John (2004).
2243:at trionfi.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
2229:
2154:finishes the first trick. Players must
1939:78 cards with 21 trumps and Fool order:
1899:97 cards with 40 trumps and Fool order:
1806:. This is the only deck to include all
1014:corresponding tarot of Marseilles card
205:, a Latin word for "phallus". The word
2387:
2385:
2279:(in Italian) (1). Il Mulino: 407–415.
1417:XVI La Maison Dieu (the house of God)
1067:I Le Bateleur (the trivial performer)
1054:Papa uno; l'Uno; il Papino; Ganellino
15:
1891:as well as taking unique motifs from
1874:Momus as the Fool in the 97-card deck
1834:signs (in random order) and the four
498:. This pattern died out around 1900.
272:97-card minchiate was first known as
7:
2189:Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches
1543:il Fuoco, l'Acqua, la Terra, l'Aria
3474:
193:comes from a dialect word meaning "
2817:International Playing-Card Society
2762:, Thierry Depaulis, 1984. Page 86.
2535:International Playing-Card Society
2377:International Playing-Card Society
14:
2922:Minchiate rules in English (.doc)
994:The trumps of the minchiate deck
474:) have been replaced by "maids" (
150:. It is no longer widely played.
3473:
3464:
3463:
3299:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3255:
3047:
2879:"Etruscan-Roman Remains, ch. 10"
2792:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2776:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2735:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2645:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2564:Bibliothèque nationale de France
2436:19 of 97 Minchiate cards c. 1675
2420:65 of 97 Minchiate cards c. 1675
2182:that use the minchiate deck. In
2010:. In these games, combinations (
1740:
1728:
1697:
1673:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1497:
1473:
1449:
1425:
1401:
1377:
1353:
1329:
1305:
1281:
1257:
1233:
1209:
1185:
1151:
1123:
1099:
1091:III L'impératrice (the empress)
1075:
1047:
1021:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
502:Minchiate card deck (1860-1890)
389:
382:
375:
368:
236:Popess from the Rosenwald sheet.
22:
2905:Early notes about the Minchiate
1670:(XXXVIIII, usually unnumbered)
3247:
3239:
2691:Capitolo in lode della Zanzara
2352:(2015). "1499-1506: Firenze".
1921:98 cards with 42 trumps order:
1747:Later Minchiate (19th century)
1735:Later Minchiate (18th century)
1115:IIII L'empereur (the Emperor)
344:or the excuse. Minchiate uses
73:Tactics, Strategy, Cooperation
1:
3231:
2408:Minchiate Fiorentine, 17th C.
2204:to do the caster's bidding.
1011:corresponding de Poilly card
990:and the de Poilly cards are:
184:Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
47:Germini, Gallerini, Ganellini
3451:Trull (SkĂĽs, Mond and Pagat)
2929:Regeln des Minchiatta-Spiels
2464:Minchiate Fiorentine c. 1790
2311:. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
2086:: Trumps 1, 40, and the Fool
1659:The star, the moon, the sun
1656:La stella, la Luna, il Sole
1339:The hanged man; the traitor
496:northern Italian suit-system
443:
440:
437:
434:
426:
423:
420:
417:
409:
406:
403:
400:
197:" or "trifle", derived from
2967:Tarot and Tarock card games
1953:that appeared around 1740.
1001:
362:
3556:
2917:Minchiate rules in English
2748:Origine des cartes Ă jouer
2729:Depaulis, Thierry (1984).
2452:Florence Minchiate c. 1700
1336:L'impiccato; il traditore
1177:VI L'amoureux (the Lover)
431:
414:
397:
310:Origine des cartes Ă jouer
3515:Dedicated deck card games
3459:
3045:
2794:. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2778:. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2647:. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2566:. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
2537:. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2442:. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
2426:. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
2379:. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
2373:Earlier Minchiate pattern
2069:), it is worth 5 points.
1694:(XL, usually unnumbered)
861:
758:
655:
552:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
506:
482:and similar designs, are
138:is an early 16th-century
126:
21:
3500:Tarot playing card decks
2576:Carte di Etruria c. 1725
2560:Jeu de Minchiate 1712-16
2241:Studies on Giusto Giusti
1225:XI La Force (fortitude)
1109:Pope three; The Emperor
1082:Papa due; l'Imperatrice
3535:Three-player card games
3505:16th-century card games
3062:(Fool as highest trump)
2900:at Andy's Playing Cards
2865:The Devil's Picturebook
2851:The Devil's Picturebook
2531:Later Minchiate pattern
2512:Smithsonian Institution
2309:National Gallery of Art
2165:winner the difference.
2099:Versicola delle diecine
1411:The house of the Devil
1384:Il Diavolo; il demonio
1264:la Ruota della Fortuna
1106:Papa tre; l'Imperatore
213:as meaning "fool", and
3540:Four-player card games
3479:WikiProject Card Games
2716:All Cards on the Table
2477:Minchiate 'Carte Fine'
2394:All Cards on the Table
2253:Alinei, Mario (2015).
2184:Charles Godfrey Leland
2094:: Trumps 1, 13, and 28
1875:
1778:were three classical "
1722:Trump VII, La Fortezza
1130:Papa quattro; il Papa
1085:Pope two; The Empress
971:
336:
298:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
237:
3530:Two-player card games
3525:History of card decks
3351:Bavarian Animal Tarot
2714:Mann, Sylvia (1990).
2508:"Explore & Learn"
2392:Mann, Sylvia (1990).
2277:Quaderni di Semantica
2255:"L'etimologia di it.
2110:: Three or four kings
2091:Versicola del Tredici
1882:(1623–93) produced a
1873:
1865:
1857:Educational Minchiate
1273:X La Roue de Fortune
1158:Papa cinque; L'amore
1143:V Le Pape (the Pope)
969:
331:
235:
3355:Belgian Animal Tarot
3140:Viennese Grosstarock
3039:(hybrid type II/III)
2601:Minchiate Fiorentine
2589:Minchiate Fiorentine
1956:
1408:la Casa del diavolo
1133:Pope four; The Pope
1039:Le Mat (the madman)
1008:English translation
979:eighteenth century.
3359:Danish Animal Tarot
3324:Industrie und GlĂĽck
2983:(Fool as an excuse)
2760:Tarot, jeu et magie
2731:Tarot, jeu et magie
2475:Enderbrock, Peter.
2083:Versicola del Matto
1971:Industrie und GlĂĽck
1967:Industrie und GlĂĽck
1933:Tarot of Marseilles
1788:theological virtues
1312:Il gobbo; il tempo
995:
988:Tarot of Marseilles
503:
480:tarot of Marseilles
359:
201:the vulgar form of
18:
3520:Italian card games
3205:WĂĽrttemberg Tarock
3100:Illustrated Tarock
2924:Downloadable rules
2911:Academy of Germini
2832:. Sacred-texts.com
2107:Versicola dei Regi
1880:François de Poilly
1876:
1836:classical elements
993:
972:
501:
492:Portuguese pattern
355:
337:
246:Lorenzo de' Medici
238:
3487:
3486:
3441:Trick-taking game
3420:Tarot de Besançon
3388:Cartes de Suisses
3337:Black Forest Cego
2737:. pp. 85–86.
2548:Minchiate Etruria
2216:cards, to invoke
2063:
2062:
1991:trick taking game
1866:De Poilly's packs
1774:, Fortitude, and
1717:
1716:
1267:Wheel of Fortune
1201:XIIII Temperance
976:Republic of Lucca
964:
963:
463:to ten, and four
448:
447:
142:, originating in
133:
132:
101:Counter-clockwise
44:Alternative names
3547:
3510:Tarot card games
3477:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3429:Related articles
3372:
3317:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3273:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3211:
3090:Hungarian Tarokk
3063:
3051:
3040:
2984:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2937:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2830:"Aradia, ch. 17"
2826:
2820:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2785:
2779:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2696:The Playing-Card
2686:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2660:. Archived from
2654:
2648:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2433:
2427:
2417:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2355:The Playing-Card
2346:
2340:
2339:
2331:The Playing-Card
2325:
2312:
2305:Rosenwald sheets
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2274:
2250:
2244:
2234:
2017:
1878:French engraver
1780:cardinal virtues
1744:
1732:
1701:
1677:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1501:
1477:
1453:
1429:
1405:
1381:
1369:XIII (nameless)
1357:
1333:
1315:Hunchback; time
1309:
1285:
1261:
1249:VIII La Justice
1237:
1213:
1189:
1161:Pope five; Love
1155:
1127:
1103:
1079:
1051:
1025:
996:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
754:
747:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
663:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
504:
393:
386:
379:
372:
360:
292:it was known as
284:, it was called
26:
19:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3455:
3424:
3370:
3364:
3329:Bourgeois Tarot
3315:
3309:
3214:
3209:
3166:Bavarian Tarock
3149:
3115:Neunzehnerrufen
3061:
3060:
3052:
3043:
3038:
2982:
2981:
2969:
2964:
2932:Rules in German
2892:
2887:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2786:
2782:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2688:
2687:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2639:
2635:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2558:
2554:
2546:Wintle, Simon.
2545:
2541:
2529:
2525:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2434:
2430:
2418:
2414:
2406:Wintle, Simon.
2405:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2371:
2367:
2350:Pratesi, Franco
2348:
2347:
2343:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2272:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:Pratesi, Franco
2235:
2231:
2226:
2171:
2147:
1987:
1959:
1893:Roman Mythology
1868:
1859:
1819:Sicilian tarots
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1713:XX Le Jugement
1557:XXIIII to XXXV
1321:VIIII L'Ermite
1297:VII Le Chariot
1171:Venus Naiſſante
326:
312:, published in
209:is attested in
176:
92:
90:
89:Trump suit 40-1
86:Rank (high→low)
29:
12:
11:
5:
3553:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3471:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3340:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3316:(French suits)
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3145:Zwanzigerrufen
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:Galician Tarok
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3028:
3026:Taroc l'Hombre
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2901:
2891:
2890:External links
2888:
2885:
2884:
2870:
2867:. p. 189.
2855:
2842:
2821:
2805:
2796:
2780:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2721:
2706:
2674:
2649:
2633:
2605:
2593:
2587:Wintle, Adam.
2580:
2568:
2552:
2539:
2523:
2499:
2481:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2440:British Museum
2428:
2424:British Museum
2412:
2399:
2381:
2365:
2341:
2313:
2297:
2245:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2170:
2167:
2146:
2145:2-player rules
2143:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
1986:
1983:
1958:
1957:Piatnik's pack
1955:
1947:
1946:
1928:
1927:
1910:
1909:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1804:Cary-Yale deck
1746:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:40 Le Renommé
1708:
1705:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1671:
1667:
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1511:
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1502:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:5 La Prudence
1460:
1457:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:8 l'Esperence
1436:
1433:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1399:
1395:
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1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:10 La Fortune
1268:
1265:
1262:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:la Temperanza
1190:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1134:
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1128:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
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1097:
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1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
962:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
870:
863:
859:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
823:
816:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
756:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
657:
653:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
446:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
429:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
395:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
357:Suit Minchiate
346:Roman numerals
325:
322:
175:
172:
131:
130:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
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94:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
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71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3552:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3472:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3392:Flemish Tarot
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3371:(Latin suits)
3367:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3333:Tarot Nouveau
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:Related games
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2942:
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2938:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:The Minchiate
2894:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2863:Huson, Paul.
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:Huson, Paul,
2846:
2843:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
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2800:
2797:
2793:
2789:
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2761:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2664:on 2017-02-13
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2646:
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2637:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2614:
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2602:
2597:
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2556:
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2536:
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2527:
2524:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
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2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2186:'s 1890 book
2185:
2181:
2177:
2169:In cartomancy
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
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2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1951:Animal Tarots
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:Tarot Nouveau
1885:
1884:French-suited
1881:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1808:seven virtues
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:opposed to a
1743:
1731:
1712:
1709:
1707:The trumpets
1706:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:XXI Le Monde
1688:
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1548:
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1529:
1524:
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1517:
1516:
1512:
1510:6 La Charité
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1472:
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1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:XV Le Diable
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:XII Le Pendu
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
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1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:7 La Justice
1245:
1242:
1240:la Giustizia
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
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1132:
1129:
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1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
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1078:
1074:
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1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:Italian name
1004:
998:
997:
991:
989:
984:
980:
977:
968:
959:
955:
952:
948:
945:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
917:
913:
910:
906:
903:
899:
896:
892:
889:
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882:
878:
875:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
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772:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:
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739:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
704:
700:
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693:
690:
686:
683:
679:
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672:
669:
665:
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658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
639:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:
611:
608:
604:
601:
597:
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587:
583:
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576:
573:
569:
566:
562:
559:
555:
551:
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499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
430:
413:
396:
392:
385:
378:
371:
365:
361:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
335:version cards
334:
330:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
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263:
259:
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247:
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230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:playing cards
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
129:
125:
122:Related games
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
25:
20:
3436:Playing card
3409:
3343:Animal tarot
3195:Six-bid solo
3190:German Tarok
3170:Haferltarock
3161:Bauerntarock
3125:Strohmandeln
3120:Point Tarock
3080:Dreiertarock
3011:French Tarot
3001:Danish Tarok
2990:
2928:
2904:
2896:
2873:
2864:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2834:. Retrieved
2824:
2808:
2799:
2783:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:the original
2652:
2636:
2621:
2596:
2583:
2571:
2555:
2542:
2526:
2515:. Retrieved
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2471:
2459:
2447:
2431:
2415:
2402:
2393:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2276:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2232:
2213:
2209:
2187:
2172:
2163:
2160:
2148:
2139:A sei tocchi
2138:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2032:Trumps 36-40
2025:
2020:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1978:
1975:genre scenes
1960:
1948:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1877:
1860:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1812:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1686:39 Le Monde
1518:XX to XXIII
1456:la Prudenza
1432:la Speranza
1216:la Fortezza
1168:
999:Card number
985:
981:
973:
475:
471:
449:
363:
356:
349:
338:
309:
306:
302:Papal States
293:
285:
273:
271:
239:
226:
214:
206:
202:
198:
190:
188:
177:
151:
135:
134:
106:Playing time
56:Trick-taking
3130:Tapp Tarock
3016:Grosstarock
2703:(2): 85–87.
2362:(1): 61–71.
2338:(1): 39–47.
2290:26 February
2194:incantation
2156:follow suit
1977:. With the
1757:papal tiara
1222:9 La Force
1195:Temperance
1031:The madman
242:Luigi Pulci
215:minchionare
3494:Categories
3396:Piemontese
3384:Marseilles
3347:Adler Cego
3105:Königrufen
2996:Tarocchini
2836:2012-04-03
2668:2019-02-16
2517:2020-03-08
2224:References
2206:Paul Huson
2180:cartomancy
2176:divination
2056:All others
2048:Trumps 2-5
2006:played in
2004:tarocchini
1827:astrologer
1776:Temperance
1704:Le trombe
1683:the World
1504:la CaritĂ
1387:The Devil
1219:Fortitude
465:face cards
227:sminchiate
223:tarocchini
128:Tarocchini
3415:Siciliano
3410:Minchiate
3379:Bolognese
3075:Dreierles
2991:Minchiate
2733:. Paris:
2285:0393-1226
2257:minchione
2128:versicola
2124:versicole
2120:versicole
2116:versicole
2075:versicole
2071:Versicole
2067:versicole
1815:Bolognese
1680:il Mondo
1459:Prudence
1360:la Morte
1288:il Carro
1057:Pope one
1028:Il matto
457:pip cards
294:ganellini
288:while in
286:gallerini
250:Fortitude
207:minchione
191:minchiate
189:The word
152:Minchiate
140:card game
136:Minchiate
17:Minchiate
3469:Category
3400:Besançon
3259:Diamonds
3110:Kosakeln
3058:Type III
2135:Al Palio
1784:Prudence
1507:Charity
1480:la Fede
1291:Chariot
1243:Justice
488:sphinxes
484:centaurs
435:Espadas
432:Spanish
427:Bastoni
415:Italian
398:English
342:The Fool
300:and the
278:The Star
219:The Fool
195:nonsense
168:tarocchi
144:Florence
117:Moderate
38:Florence
3446:Trionfi
3361:, etc.)
3095:Husarln
3031:Troccas
2819:website
2815:at the
2790:at the
2774:at the
2643:at the
2562:at the
2533:at the
2494:Gallica
2438:at the
2422:at the
2375:at the
2307:at the
2268:mentula
2266:e lat.
2264:minchia
2214:tarocco
2202:Laverna
2008:Bologna
1963:Piatnik
1851:Fortuna
1800:Charity
1772:Justice
1494:XVIIII
1166:l'Amour
1138:Bacchus
1062:Mercure
862:Swords
542:Knight
476:fantine
469:Italian
444:Bastos
424:Denari
401:Swords
290:Liguria
274:germini
262:Chariot
254:Justice
211:Italian
203:mentula
199:mencla,
180:trionfi
174:History
109:30 min.
62:Players
3369:Packs
3314:Packs
3295:Hearts
3285:Leaves
3275:Acorns
3264:German
3251:Hearts
3243:Spades
3226:French
3135:Troggu
3036:Troggu
3021:Scarto
3006:Droggn
2975:Type I
2283:
2259:, it.
2151:Jetons
2026:Points
1945:World.
1832:zodiac
1483:Faith
1470:XVIII
1363:Death
1002:Image
656:Coins
553:Clubs
545:Queen
438:Copas
421:Coppe
418:Spade
410:Clubs
407:Coins
282:Sicily
266:Popess
260:, and
164:trumps
114:Chance
70:Skills
34:Origin
3404:Swiss
3305:Bells
3235:Clubs
3219:Suits
3180:Dobbm
2630:–355.
2273:(PDF)
2218:Janus
2192:, an
2021:Cards
2012:melds
1905:Momus
1823:Tower
1792:Faith
1446:XVII
1435:Hope
1350:XIII
1230:VIII
1120:IIII
1035:Momus
759:Cups
548:King
539:Jack
472:fanti
459:from
453:suits
441:Oros
404:Cups
333:Lucca
318:Genoa
314:Paris
258:Wheel
160:tarot
148:Italy
78:Cards
3200:Tapp
3185:Frog
3175:Dapp
3070:Cego
2292:2023
2281:ISSN
2261:mer.
2198:gods
2178:and
2137:and
2114:All
2000:arie
1996:papi
1985:Game
1979:SkĂĽs
1847:arie
1843:arie
1817:and
1798:and
1796:Hope
1765:papi
1761:papi
1422:XVI
1374:XIV
1326:XII
1206:VII
1096:III
974:The
364:Suit
350:arie
324:Deck
98:Play
52:Type
2693:".
2628:315
2035:10
1398:XV
1302:XI
1254:IX
1182:VI
1169:(3
1136:(4
1072:II
1060:(1
536:10
486:or
461:ace
244:to
65:2-4
3496::
3402:,
3398:,
3394:,
3390:,
3357:,
3353:,
3349:,
3335:,
3168:/
2979:II
2977:/
2701:41
2699:.
2677:^
2608:^
2510:.
2492:.
2384:^
2360:44
2358:.
2336:36
2334:.
2316:^
2275:.
2239:.
2220:.
2141:.
2130:.
2077::
2059:0
2051:3
2043:5
1935:.
1895:.
1838:.
1810:.
1794:,
1790:,
1631:—
1552:—
1513:—
1489:—
1486:—
1465:—
1441:—
1390:—
1366:—
1342:—
1294:—
1278:X
1198:—
1173:)
1164:2
1148:V
1140:)
1112:—
1088:—
1064:)
1044:I
533:9
530:8
527:7
524:6
521:5
518:4
515:3
512:2
509:1
352:.
304:.
256:,
252:,
225:,
186:.
146:,
81:97
3406:)
3386:(
3345:(
3339:)
3331:(
3266::
3256:♦
3248:♥
3240:â™
3232:♣
3228::
2959:e
2952:t
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2881:.
2839:.
2671:.
2520:.
2496:.
2294:.
2270:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
