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to recommend someone to serve as the new king of Kotte. As documented in
Chinese records, Parakramabahu VI was elected by the Sinhalese present at the Ming court, nominated by the Ming emperor, and installed with the backing of Zheng and his fleet. Both economic and diplomatic relations between China
342:
On their return to Sri Lanka, the
Chinese were overbearing and contemptuous of the Sinhalese, whom they considered to be rude, disrespectful, and hostile. They also resented that the Sinhalese were committing hostilities towards neighboring countries that had diplomatic relations with Ming China.
333:
states that the confrontation against
Alakeshvara in Sri Lanka most likely happened during the outward journey of the Chinese fleet in 1410, rather than the homeward journey in 1411, but he also notes that most authorities think that the confrontation happened during the homeward journey in 1411.
328:
or others acting on his behalf solicited aid from Zheng during this time, so the
Chinese admiral adopted a hostile attitude to Alakeshvara and espoused the cause of this prince. During the third Ming treasure voyage, the Chinese fleet returned to the Kotte Kingdom. This time, the Chinese came to
350:
In response, Zheng and his contingent of troops invaded Kotte and conquered its capital. They captured
Alakeshvara with his family and principal officials. For six days hereafter, they fought their way back to the fleet. The Sinhalese army hastily returned and surrounded the capital, but was
343:
Zheng He and a contingent of 2,000 Chinese troops traveled overland into Kotte, because
Alakeshvara had lured them into his territory. Alakeshvara cut off Zheng and his troops from the Chinese treasure fleet anchored at
419:
On 13 September 1411, the emperor granted both rewards and promotions for those who participated in the
Sinhalese confrontation after the joint recommendation of the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Rites.
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Due to
Alakeshvara's hostilities against the Chinese presence in Sri Lanka during the first Ming treasure voyage, Zheng decided to leave the island for other destinations. It is probable that the then-prince
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and Sri Lanka improved, with
Parakramavahu VI as the ruler in Sri Lanka. The Chinese treasure fleet experienced no hostilities during visits to Sri Lanka on subsequent
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Ray, Haraprasad (1987). "An
Analysis of the Chinese Maritime Voyages into the Indian Ocean during Early Ming Dynasty and their Raison d'Etre".
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family. After their voyage, Zheng He returned to Nanjing on 6 July 1411 and presented the Sinhalese captives to the
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Finlay, Robert (1991). "The Treasure-Ships of Zheng He: Chinese Maritime Imperialism in the Age of Discovery".
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arrived at Sri Lanka in 1410 or 1411. It resulted in the overthrow of King Alakeshvara and the ascension of
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These insignificant worms, deserving to die ten thousand times over, trembling in fear...
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Cleaning out in a single sweep those noxious pests, as if winnowing chaff from grain...
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from the previous royal dynasty and eventually usurped the throne of the kingdom.
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and dethroned Alakeshvara in favor of him. The Yongle Emperor requested from the
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When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433
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266:
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Buddha in the Crown: Avalokiteśvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka
400:, who eventually decided to free Alakeshvara and return him to Sri Lanka.
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128:
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814:
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Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433
27:
Conflict between Ming-dynasty China and the Kotte Kingdom (1410/11)
1335:
1254:
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The conflict resulted in the overthrow of King Alakeshvara of the
64:
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family gained prestige due to his military successes. He had the
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A fleet crew of over 27,000, including non-combatant personnel
1249:
367:
Their women, children, families and retainers, leaving not one,
1828:
United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
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818:
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Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores'
165:
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repeatedly defeated in battle by the invading Chinese troops.
257:) was a military conflict between the expeditionary forces of
609:. Jianan, Yang shi chong kan ben. Chapter 1. Translation in
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Praising the sage-like virtue of the imperial Ming ruler.
347:. He planned to launch a surprise attack on the fleet.
560:
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Yang Rong (1515) about the confrontation in Sri Lanka
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had been in wars against each other. In these wars,
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361:Straight-away, their dens and hideouts we ravaged,
758:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
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377:And they humbly kowtowed, making crude sounds and
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34:
1823:United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
1590:
1435:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
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373:Did not even merit the punishment of Heaven.
177:
8:
714:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
375:Thus the august emperor spared their lives,
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269:. The conflict happened when Ming China's
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1731:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
737:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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1818:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
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1386:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
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363:And made captive that entire country,
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329:depose Alakeshvara by military force.
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365:Bringing back to our august capital,
7:
1633:Kotte conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
537:
637:
1684:1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola
25:
773:Paranavitana, S; Nicolas, Cyril.
674:. New York, NY: Pearson Longman.
1611:
109:
1875:Wars involving the Ming dynasty
1669:Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya
1021:Japanese missions to Ming China
265:in the southern territories of
1704:Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts
1674:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
895:Campaign against the Uriankhai
254:
1:
1802:Operation Prosperity Guardian
955:Campaigns against the Mongols
403:The Chinese were allied with
1763:Great Rebellion of 1817–1818
1694:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
1493:Covered jar with carp design
1109:Transition from Ming to Qing
710:Holt, John Clifford (1991).
1488:Ming presentation porcelain
1087:Japanese invasions of Korea
775:A concise history of Ceylon
1941:
1643:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
1350:Compilations and Documents
981:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
796:10.1177/000944558702300107
623:Paranavitana & Nicolas
430:Battle of Palembang (1407)
285:The kingdoms of Kotte and
1895:15th century in Sri Lanka
1483:Chinese lacquerware table
1245:Embroidered Uniform Guard
1006:Prince of Anhua rebellion
729:Levathes, Louise (1996).
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1885:Wars involving Sri Lanka
1753:Second Kandyan–Dutch War
1546:Great Ming Treasure Note
1425:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
1208:Administrative divisions
1011:Prince of Ning rebellion
752:Mills, J. V. G. (1970).
301:rule over Kotte under a
81:Overthrow of Alakeshvara
1748:First Kandyan–Dutch War
1365:The Hundred-word Eulogy
1031:Great Rites Controversy
885:Ming conquest of Yunnan
703:10.1179/tin.1991.23.1.1
1925:Ming treasure voyages.
1854:Ceylon in World War II
1403:Palaces and Mausoleums
1393:Ming Veritable Records
1041:Luso-Chinese agreement
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151:2,000 troops at Kotte
122:Commanders and leaders
1910:15th century in China
1714:Battle of Mulleriyawa
1679:Polonnaruwa–Pagan War
1664:Battle of Vijithapura
1638:1971 JVP insurrection
1498:Yongning Temple Stele
1235:Imperial Commissioner
960:Reign of Ren and Xuan
920:Ming treasure voyages
910:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
310:Ming treasure voyages
42:Ming treasure voyages
1795:Cocos Islands mutiny
1726:Dutch–Portuguese War
1648:Sri Lankan Civil War
1097:Sino-Dutch conflicts
996:Rebellion of Cao Qin
925:Ming–Turpan conflict
875:Red Turban Rebellion
567:, 67–68 & 70–73.
1719:Campaign of Danture
1444:Society and Culture
1379:Yongle Encyclopedia
1218:Imperial Clan Court
1161:Kingdom of Tungning
1114:Jurchen unification
1046:Jiajing wokou raids
935:Battle of Palembang
900:Battle of Buir Lake
607:Yang Wenmin Gong Ji
605:Yang, Rong (1515).
1790:Easter Sunday Raid
1293:Military conquests
1139:Peasant rebellions
1016:Capture of Malacca
991:Defense of Beijing
905:Lin Kuan rebellion
261:and the Sinhalese
1920:Conflicts in 1411
1915:Conflicts in 1410
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1281:Gunpowder weapons
1240:Grand coordinator
1203:Grand Secretariat
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1063:(1572–1683)
972:(1435–1572)
940:Battle of Kherlen
890:Ming–Mong Mao War
880:Wu Mian rebellion
866:(1368–1435)
691:Terrae Incognitae
668:Dreyer, Edward L.
523:, 53–54 & 67.
409:Ministry of Rites
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16:(Redirected from
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1880:Kingdom of Kotte
1849:Military history
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1372:Huang-Ming Zuxun
1144:Jiashen Incident
1134:She-An Rebellion
1119:Seven Grievances
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1233:
1229:
1228:Vassal prince
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
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1216:
1214:
1213:Eastern Depot
1211:
1209:
1206:
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1197:
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1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:
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1176:
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1156:Southern Ming
1154:
1150:
1147:
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1137:
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1127:
1125:
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805:
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797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
771:
767:
765:0-521-01032-2
761:
757:
756:
750:
746:
744:9780195112078
740:
735:
734:
727:
723:
721:0-19-506418-6
717:
713:
708:
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700:
696:
692:
687:
683:
681:9780321084439
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
651:
650:Dreyer (2007)
646:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
616:
612:
608:
602:
599:
595:
594:Finlay (1991)
590:
587:
583:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
565:Dreyer (2007)
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:Dreyer (2007)
546:
543:
539:
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
521:Dreyer (2007)
517:
514:
510:
509:Dreyer (2007)
505:
503:
501:
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481:
479:
475:
471:
470:Dreyer (2007)
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449:Dreyer (2007)
445:
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331:Dreyer (2007)
327:
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315:
311:
306:
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296:
292:
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272:
268:
264:
263:Kotte Kingdom
260:
252:
248:
233:
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117:
107:
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101:
96:
87:
84:Ascension of
83:
80:
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77:Ming victory
75:
72:
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66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
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38:
33:
19:
1905:1411 in Asia
1900:1410 in Asia
1811:Peacekeeping
1785:World War II
1758:Kandyan Wars
1698:
1561:
1555:Other topics
1466:Four Masters
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1196:House of Zhu
1149:Shanhai Pass
1129:Great Plague
1072:Jianzhou war
944:
846:Ming dynasty
811:
790:(1): 65–87.
787:
784:China Report
783:
774:
754:
732:
711:
694:
690:
671:
660:Bibliography
645:
618:
606:
601:
589:
582:Mills (1970)
545:
516:
444:
418:
402:
394:Alagakkonara
391:
385:
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349:
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307:
298:
295:Alagakkonara
284:
246:
244:
221:
193:Wars of the
146:
98:Belligerents
76:
55:1410 or 1411
40:Part of the
1780:World War I
1508:Tai history
1191:Family tree
1102:Liaoluo Bay
1036:Renyin plot
986:Tumu Crisis
697:(1): 1–12.
538:Holt (1991)
308:During the
303:puppet king
291:Alakeshvara
135:Alakeshvara
67:, Sri Lanka
1869:Categories
1609:involving
1476:Zhe School
1430:Ming tombs
1314:Inner Asia
1286:Shenjiying
1276:Great Wall
1174:Government
652:, 129–134.
638:Ray (1987)
540:, 109–110.
436:References
281:Background
259:Ming China
104:Ming China
1619:Sri Lanka
1471:Wu School
1456:Musicians
1319:Manchuria
1307:Frontiers
804:154116680
625:, 230-90.
355:Aftermath
267:Sri Lanka
1626:Domestic
1522:Currency
1461:Painting
1271:Military
1264:Military
670:(2007).
640:, 74–75.
584:, 11–12.
511:, 70–73.
472:, 67–68.
424:See also
314:Zheng He
299:de facto
255:明-錫蘭山國戰爭
141:Strength
129:Zheng He
127:Admiral
60:Location
1657:Foreign
1529:Coinage
1503:Economy
1331:Vietnam
1223:Princes
1181:Emperor
969:Middle
855:History
414:voyages
345:Colombo
293:of the
251:Chinese
232:Lam Sơn
217:Kherlen
207:Jingnan
1616:
1605:Major
1451:Poetry
1341:Yunnan
863:Early
848:topics
802:
762:
741:
718:
678:
613:, 115.
451:, 125.
287:Jaffna
253::
227:Mongol
73:Result
1513:Islam
1336:Wokou
1324:Tibet
1255:Fotou
1124:Sarhū
1060:Late
800:S2CID
222:Kotte
212:Annam
133:King
65:Kotte
1741:1591
1736:1560
1250:Tusi
1186:List
760:ISBN
739:ISBN
716:ISBN
676:ISBN
596:, 8.
245:The
52:Date
792:doi
699:doi
384:—
338:War
1871::
798:.
788:23
786:.
695:23
693:.
630:^
572:^
557:^
528:^
477:^
456:^
416:.
277:.
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1591:t
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838:e
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794::
777:.
768:.
747:.
724:.
705:.
701::
684:.
249:(
185:e
178:t
171:v
20:)
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