352:. Shortly after, more railway lines were built, also connecting the Caudal to the coast and the plateau, and the Nalón to Oviedo, at the same time that different mining railroads were built, crossing the valleys carrying ore, weaving a map of hundreds of kilometers of tracks. Throughout the 19th century, numerous mining companies were born, some of them with foreign capital. The most outstanding were Carbones Santa Ana, Carbones de Langreo y Siero, Duro Felguera, Hulleras de Turón or Felgueroso Hermanos...). During the First World War the increase of extracted tons in these two valleys was very significant due to the neutrality of Spain in the war, meaning most of the coal that was exploited in all of Spain. It was at this time that the vertical shafts began to deepen to the detriment of mountain mining, giving rise to the recognizable silhouette of the
24:
121:
147:
113:
706:
89:
81:
582:
720:, stations, bridges, workers' quarters, engineers' cottages, workshops, etc.) Of course, many of its wells are still closed, most of them in a state of abandonment. Under the basins there are 5,000 kilometers of galleries, that is to say, more kilometers than roads on the surface. These are the ones that still have their headframes and extraction towers:
132:
449:) were born, which concentrated production in Gijón and Avilés. At first they acquired the assets of the basins but gradually closed and moved services to the coast in the 70's, which meant the beginning of the closure of dozens of workshops, factories, the demolition of the Mieres factory and the closure and partial demolition of La Felguera.
101:
485:
policy of cuts in mining, there was a great escalation of conflict with a total strike at Hunosa (as in other mining areas of Spain), the regular blocking of road and rail communication routes in the
Principality and very violent clashes between authorities and miners in the mountains and in the town
388:
The industrial progress of the area materialized in many other aspects. The growth of a huge mass of workers, the creation of political, trade union and cultural associations (there were a large number of cinemas, theaters, gatherings, libraries and workers' athenaeums in the Basins), urban growth,
197:
Although more than 20 Asturian municipalities are officially considered mining councils, in different categories, the municipalities that make up the two regions most directly linked to coal and which have had the greatest historical importance in economic, social and cultural matters are popularly
372:
and Franco's autarchy, which made it the area of greatest mineral production in Spain. In parallel, the growth or consolidation of secondary industries, gaining importance in chemical and energy production. For more than a century, thousands of families from the rest of Spain settled in the Mining
464:
were created for the restructuring of the mining areas throughout Spain, with a high incidence in
Asturias, and the search for an alternative economic fabric to the closure of the industries. These funds, however, were managed with little responsibility, subject to continuous delays or systematic
452:
The population began to move in large numbers to the coast as well. From the 80s and 90s onwards, the closures of loss-making mining shafts began, especially in the last decade, until the closure of the last mine in 2019, with the exception of the
Nicolasa shaft, which maintains some extractive
578:) as well as traditional pilgrimages and gastronomic festivals. The uninterrupted demographic crisis that began in the 1970s has increased significantly in recent years. The basins have gone from having more than 220,000 inhabitants in 1970 to less than 130,000 nowadays.
500:
This region has developed a marked culture based on the intense industrial activity, which can be seen in poetry, song, literature, etc. Sometimes inspired by mining accidents, the laborious working world, industrial progress, the contrast with the rural world (which
315:
Systematic exploitation would not arrive until the 19th century with various state laws and policies aimed at this end. Up to mid-century, mining was carried out in deposits at the surface of the earth or in small wells and shacks. In mid 1848, the
453:
activity. They caused great social conflict between unions, citizens and the different autonomous and state governments. Conflict diminished thanks to the different coal plans and the granting of early retirement, in many cases at an early age.
336:
was founded, under which coal mining increased and the expansion of numerous secondary industries (such as chemical, metallurgical, machinery, food, ceramics, energy, etc.) took place. The exploitation of other deposits, such as
480:
ruled the closure of all unprofitable mines by 2018, establishing a timetable from 2013 for the seven remaining wells in Caudal and Nalón, and later projected the end of the aid in 2014. In 2012, faced with the beginning of
279:
and Samuño rivers). However, there are populations that have been economically and socially part of this territory, even though administratively they were already in other municipalities (mainly areas of Oviedo and
465:
stoppages, especially on the part of the regional government, when they were not used for many projects independent of the economic regeneration of the Mining Basins. The then
President of the Principality,
716:
In spite of the demolitions carried out in recent years, the basins conserve large groups of industrial heritage (numerous mine shafts and small mountain and open-well mines, La
Felguera factory,
469:, announced during the 2007 election campaign the construction of two large technology parks in the basins (Figaredo in Mieres and Langreo Norte in Langreo), which have not been built.
1044:
441:
in 1967, which nationalized coal production and grouped together almost all the mining companies that existed in this area. In the 1960s, the public steel companies Uninsa (
405:, the proliferation of religious, business and public schools, schools for foremen and arts and crafts, paternalistic political policies (the paradigm of the workers' town
559:
920:
1212:
417:. The workers' struggle was significant, from timid strikes in the 19th century to the strikes of the beginning of the 20th century (especially relevant "
1181:
1101:
1238:
308:, and it was not until 1787 when Antonio Carreño y Cañedo reported a fire "that would not be extinguished" that his grandfather had witnessed in
45:
868:
567:
304:
and others - started to be scientifically known. According to numerous testimonies, coal was used to heat homes in this area since the
1052:
426:
422:
473:
1023:
482:
67:
1075:
951:
1128:
360:
or Candín, are more than 600 meters deep from the surface. The situation was sustained thanks to the protectionist policies of
1265:"Martínez recuerda a Trevín que los fondos mineros perdidos por el PSOE colocan Asturias a la cola de España | AsturiasDiario"
978:
413:, until the proliferation of cheap housing in company-State collaboration, in the 40s and 50s, popularly known in Asturias as
996:
563:
626:
235:
1154:
539:
93:
1380:
1375:
348:
was inaugurated, the third to start operations in the peninsula, which two years later connected the Nalón Basin to the
301:
178:
in
Asturian and Spanish) is the name traditionally given to the historical territory located in the Central Coal Basin (
1264:
928:
38:
32:
894:
476:
these funds were frozen in practice and finally the closure of the mining industry was signed in 2010. In 2011, the
461:
1344:
1290:
821:
535:
502:
466:
437:
With market liberalization, a bleak future loomed for these regions, despite the creation of the public company
49:
778:
729:
1189:
717:
515:
438:
789:
745:
741:
357:
321:
284:, where coal was also exploited). On the other hand, some municipalities in the Nalón valley region, such as
752:
531:
365:
135:
725:
409:
among them), etc. In the post-war period, immigrant families had to cram into small houses and even occupy
784:
San Martín del Rey
Aurelio has eight headframes: Entrego Well, Sorriego Well, Venturo Well, Cerezal Well,
770:
766:
685:
361:
345:
309:
272:
151:
762:
737:
543:
276:
785:
733:
292:, maintained an economic activity not very closely related to industry and without large urban centers.
774:
681:
120:
1390:
669:
256:
124:
781:(two), San Nicolás Well, Tres Amigos Well (plus the auxiliary San Luis), Espinos Well and Peña Well.
329:
1317:
816:
575:
495:
325:
551:
191:
659:
509:) and the struggle for rights and improvements in living conditions. Well known in Asturias and
227:
186:. It corresponds to one of the most heavily industrialized areas in Spain, especially linked to
373:
Basins, with special relevance to the waves of immigrants arriving in the 1940s and 1950s from
1385:
798:
Aller has four headframes: San
Antonio Well, Santiago Well, San Fernando Well, San Jorge Well.
621:
615:
390:
338:
1213:"Treinta asociaciones de Turón denuncian la paralización del parque tecnológico de Figaredo"
333:
264:
215:
146:
644:
382:
300:
In the late 18th century, the properties of the hard coal from these valleys - studied by
211:
1076:"Langreo perdió 5.000 empleos en el sector del metal en veinte años - La Voz de Asturias"
486:
center, causing numerous injuries and arrests, as had already occurred in the early 90s.
112:
649:
603:
510:
477:
398:
285:
268:
207:
199:
1369:
1079:
317:
105:
654:
571:
369:
255:
The
Asturian mining basins are located in the two central valleys that connect the
1239:"asturias pierde millones fondos mineros gobierno zapatero foro denuncia politica"
630:
402:
952:"Hallan en una mina de mercurio de Mieres microorganismos nunca antes analizados"
526:
Plant, La Pereda
Thermal Power Plant and Química del Nalón), business resources (
1155:"Feito: "Más del 90% de los fondos mineros no fueron a proyectos empresariales""
599:
527:
394:
378:
305:
289:
139:
88:
1129:"La mitad de los mineros del carbón se están prejubilando con menos de 45 años"
705:
869:"Cuatro concejos de las Cuencas son los que más población pierden de Asturias"
131:
80:
1102:"El único pozo abierto en España aún recuerda la última gran tragedia minera"
1268:
689:
677:
634:
581:
547:
406:
374:
353:
1345:"La era del poscarbón: los pozos se convierten en una mina para el turismo"
219:
841:
811:
673:
607:
410:
349:
183:
595:
239:
231:
100:
693:
665:
638:
555:
260:
203:
704:
580:
523:
281:
223:
145:
130:
119:
111:
99:
87:
79:
611:
187:
17:
462:
Institutes for Coal Restructuring and Alternative Development
1180:
Fernández Del Viso García, José María (January 30, 2012).
522:
At present they still have some heavy industry resources (
312:(due, in fact, to the proximity of a subway coal seam).
979:"La minería asturiana: crónica de una muerte anunciada"
684:, and towns located in other municipalities, such as
751:Siero has five headframes: Pumarabule Well (two),
550:Interpretation Center, etc. ) natural and sports (
443:Unión de Siderúrgicas Asturianas Sociedad Anónima
540:Ecomuseum and Mining Train of the Samuño Valley
429:, the first big strike during Franco's regime.
356:in the landscape. Some of these mines, such as
1291:"La UE quiere cerrar toda la minería en 2014"
1267:(in Spanish). August 25, 2013. Archived from
259:range to the central Asturian plateau, where
8:
456:At the end of the 1990s, the Mining Funds (
271:, as well as their tributaries (mainly the
997:"Bustiello, el poblado minero del Marqués"
977:Álvarez Buylla, Virginia (June 12, 2020).
328:was started up - to later give way to the
801:Morcín has one headframe: Montsacro Well.
758:Oviedo has one headframe: Olloniego Well.
263:is located. These are the valleys of the
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1045:"La Felguera Pedro Duro y Duro Felguera"
198:referred to as mining councils, such as
84:Councils of the Nalón and Caudal valleys
31:This article includes a list of general
833:
795:Laviana has one headframe: Carrio Well.
1211:Montañés, David (September 9, 2009).
950:Montañes, David (February 14, 2022).
867:Geijo, Fernando (February 13, 2017).
7:
1316:del Gallo, Patricia (June 9, 2012).
724:Langreo conserves eight headframes:
1074:Marcos, Jaime (February 27, 2005).
1049:Arqueologia y Patrimonio Industrial
560:Cuencas Mineras Protected Landscape
389:especially relevant in places like
1127:Castaño, Pablo (August 26, 2012).
447:Empresa Nacional Siderúrgica, S.A.
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1318:"Las claves del conflicto minero"
116:Inclined plane in mountain mining
1182:"Los fondos mineros "estafados""
590:Mining Basin towns by population
421:of 1912"), the relevance of the
22:
1343:Méndez, Maica (June 17, 2017).
1245:(in Spanish). December 25, 2011
761:Mieres has fifteen headframes:
1161:(in Spanish). January 27, 2020
136:Asturias Iron and Steel Museum
94:Samuño Valley Mining Ecomuseum
1:
1108:(in Spanish). August 31, 2020
1024:"Intelectuales Comprometidos"
585:Langreo: Sama and La Felguera
104:The mining and steel company
92:Old San Luis Well, today the
1188:(in Spanish). Archived from
1078:(in Spanish). Archived from
1051:(in Spanish). Archived from
927:(in Spanish). Archived from
483:Mariano Rajoy's government's
474:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
341:, was of lesser importance.
332:- and a few years later the
1297:(in Spanish). July 21, 2010
1031:Fundación Juan Muñiz Zapico
528:Valnalón Technological City
1407:
1106:El periódico de la energia
786:Sotón I and Sotón II Wells
692:(Oviedo) and Carbayín and
627:San Martín del Rey Aurelio
493:
423:October Revolution of 1934
236:San Martín del Rey Aurelio
822:Mining Museum of Asturias
777:(two), El Terronal Well,
536:Mining Museum of Asturias
472:During the government of
150:Pre-Romanesque temple of
368:, the upturn due to the
184:Principality of Asturias
1001:Asturias Para Disfrutar
921:"Patrimonio Industrial"
664:Other mining towns are
546:Interpretation Center,
532:Museum of the Siderurgy
322:Asturian Mining Company
52:more precise citations.
1243:Astur Galicia Noticias
895:"Web Oficial de Gijón"
713:
586:
530:), tourist resources (
513:is the mining hymn of
503:Armando Palacio Valdés
467:Vicente Álvarez Areces
180:Cuenca Hullera Central
164:Asturian Mining Basins
155:
143:
128:
117:
109:
97:
85:
708:
584:
516:Santa Bárbara Bendita
152:St. Christine of Lena
149:
134:
123:
115:
103:
91:
83:
1022:Vega García, Rubén.
755:, Lieres Well (two).
744:, San Luis Well and
257:Cantabrian mountains
125:University of Oviedo
1381:Coal mining regions
1376:Coal mines in Spain
1082:on December 3, 2013
1055:on December 2, 2013
931:on December 2, 2013
817:History of Asturias
576:industrial heritage
558:Biosphere Reserve,
496:History of Asturias
182:in Spanish) of the
162:(also known as the
779:Santa Bárbara Well
730:Santa Eulalia Well
714:
587:
552:Redes Natural Park
192:ferrous metallurgy
156:
144:
129:
118:
110:
98:
86:
846:Minas de Asturias
792:, San Mamés Well.
718:Nitrastur factory
622:Mieres del Camino
460:) granted by the
296:Industrialization
78:
77:
70:
1398:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:on March 4, 2016
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
891:
885:
884:
882:
880:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
838:
790:San Vicente Well
746:María Luisa Well
742:El Terrerón Well
505:captured in his
445:) and Ensidesa (
370:Second World War
334:Felguera Factory
216:Ribera de Arriba
169:Cuenques Mineres
127:, Mieres Campus.
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
48:this article by
39:inline citations
26:
25:
18:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1397:
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1395:
1366:
1365:
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1350:
1348:
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1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1289:
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1284:
1274:
1272:
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1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1192:on June 6, 2020
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1159:La Nueva España
1153:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1125:
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1111:
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1099:
1095:
1085:
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1072:
1068:
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1056:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
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1004:
995:
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990:
976:
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959:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
893:
892:
888:
878:
876:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
840:
839:
835:
830:
808:
765:, Llamas Well,
753:Mosquitera Well
740:, Samuño Well,
736:(one of them),
703:
645:Pola de Laviana
592:
498:
492:
435:
366:Second Republic
362:Primo de Rivera
346:Langreo Railway
298:
253:
248:
175:Cuencas Mineras
74:
63:
57:
54:
44:Please help to
43:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1335:
1308:
1282:
1256:
1230:
1203:
1172:
1146:
1119:
1093:
1066:
1036:
1014:
988:
969:
942:
912:
886:
859:
832:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
782:
759:
756:
749:
726:Lláscares Well
709:Pit headframe
702:
699:
698:
697:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
624:
619:
591:
588:
568:pre-romanesque
564:Winter Springs
491:
488:
478:European Union
458:Fondos Mineros
434:
431:
427:Strike of 1962
330:Mieres Factory
297:
294:
252:
249:
247:
244:
76:
75:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1403:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1033:(in Spanish).
1032:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
985:(in Spanish).
984:
980:
973:
970:
957:
953:
946:
943:
930:
926:
925:valledelnalon
922:
916:
913:
900:
896:
890:
887:
874:
870:
863:
860:
847:
843:
837:
834:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
800:
797:
794:
791:
787:
783:
780:
776:
772:
771:Figaredo Well
768:
767:San José Well
764:
760:
757:
754:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
721:
719:
712:
707:
700:
695:
691:
687:
686:Tudela Veguín
683:
679:
675:
672:, Carrocera,
671:
667:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
593:
589:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
517:
512:
508:
507:Aldea perdida
504:
497:
489:
487:
484:
479:
475:
470:
468:
463:
459:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:In 1854, the
342:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:blast furnace
313:
311:
307:
303:
295:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
250:
245:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Caudal Valley
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:Mining Basins
153:
148:
141:
137:
133:
126:
122:
114:
108:in the 1920s.
107:
106:Duro Felguera
102:
95:
90:
82:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
41:
40:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
1362:
1349:. Retrieved
1347:(in Spanish)
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1324:(in Spanish)
1321:
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1294:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1259:
1247:. Retrieved
1242:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1219:(in Spanish)
1216:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:the original
1185:
1175:
1165:February 20,
1163:. Retrieved
1158:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1135:(in Spanish)
1132:
1122:
1112:February 20,
1110:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1069:
1059:November 14,
1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1048:
1039:
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1003:(in Spanish)
1000:
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958:(in Spanish)
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935:November 14,
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
924:
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903:. Retrieved
901:(in Spanish)
898:
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877:. Retrieved
875:(in Spanish)
872:
862:
852:February 20,
850:. Retrieved
848:(in Spanish)
845:
836:
763:Barredo Well
738:Modesta Well
715:
710:
650:Pola de Lena
598:(comprising
574:, urban and
572:medieval art
566:) artistic (
544:Espinos Well
521:
514:
506:
499:
471:
457:
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436:
418:
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269:Caudal river
254:
228:Nalón Valley
196:
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159:
157:
64:
58:January 2024
55:
36:
15:
1391:Coal mining
1351:February 7,
734:Fondón Well
711:El Terrerón
629:(formed by
600:La Felguera
419:La Huelgona
395:La Felguera
379:Extremadura
358:María Luisa
306:Middle Ages
290:Sobrescobio
265:Nalón river
246:Description
140:La Felguera
50:introducing
1370:Categories
842:"Historia"
828:References
775:Polio Well
701:Headframes
631:El Entrego
494:See also:
490:The Basins
403:El Entrego
350:Gijón port
302:Jovellanos
33:references
690:Olloniego
682:Rioturbio
678:Bustiello
635:Sotrondio
548:Bustiello
415:barriadas
407:Bustiello
375:Andalusia
354:headframe
1386:Asturias
812:Asturias
806:See also
696:(Siero).
674:Barredos
670:La Nueva
411:hurrians
310:Carbayín
251:Location
1328:June 6,
1322:elmundo
1301:June 6,
1275:June 6,
1249:June 6,
1223:June 6,
1196:June 6,
1139:June 6,
1086:June 6,
1007:June 6,
962:June 6,
905:June 6,
879:June 6,
773:(two),
596:Langreo
554:of the
433:Decline
425:or the
383:Galicia
339:mercury
320:of the
240:Laviana
232:Langreo
166:or the
46:improve
694:Lieres
666:Tuilla
655:Moreda
639:Blimea
556:UNESCO
439:Hunosa
391:Mieres
364:, the
326:Ablaña
277:Candín
261:Oviedo
226:) and
220:Morcín
204:Mieres
35:, but
1027:(PDF)
899:gijon
660:Turón
616:Riaño
608:Ciaño
524:Bayer
282:Siero
273:Aller
224:Riosa
212:Aller
138:, in
1353:2019
1330:2020
1303:2020
1277:2020
1251:2020
1225:2020
1198:2020
1167:2022
1141:2020
1114:2022
1088:2020
1061:2013
1009:2020
964:2020
937:2013
907:2020
881:2020
854:2022
688:and
637:and
614:and
612:Lada
604:Sama
511:León
399:Sama
381:and
288:and
286:Caso
267:and
238:and
222:and
208:Lena
190:and
188:coal
172:and
158:The
1295:lne
1217:lne
1186:lne
1133:lne
983:lne
956:lne
873:lne
401:or
324:in
242:).
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