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29:
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style has rafters, crossbeams and short vertical posts to support the ridge. Historically, these posts would have extended to the ground resulting in a row of posts extending down the centre of the house and dividing it. Although these could be accommodated in the layout of the main house, they were
862:
roofs was to accommodate the extensive precipitation experienced in many parts of Japan. A steeply peaked roof allows rain and snow to fall straight off, preventing water from getting through the roof into the home and, to a lesser extent, preventing the thatch from getting too wet and beginning to
165:
479:
style is a simpler triangular shape with a pair of rafters joined at the top to support the ridge pole. The ends of these rafters were sharpened to fit into mortice holes at either end of crossbeam. As this system does not rely on central posts it leaves a more unobstructed plan than the
866:
At the peak and other places where roof sections came together decorations were added. Thatched roofs would have trimmed or transverse layers of straw, bamboo poles or planks of wood. Tiled roofs have a variety of decorative plates to the ends of the ridge, for example,
937:
The deep eaves of the farmhouse roof helped to protect the interior from driving rain. They stop the sun from entering the interior during the summer, and they allow the low rays of sun to warm the house during the winter. Often there is a timber-floored veranda
1264:
literally means "true ridge": The style has a nearly square plan with a gabled roof that is board covered. The gable end of the house is particularly impressive with its composition of beams, eaves and braces. The gable is topped by a birdlike ornament called a
953:) around the house under the eaves and protected on the outside by storm shutters. In areas where there is heavy snow there may be a lowered earth-floored area outside the veranda further protected by shutters which helps to stop snow from blowing inside.
734:
townhouses gradually changed its construction away from perishable and flammable materials to those of a more durable nature. Thatched roofs were replaced with tiles and exposed timbers were covered up with layers of clay plastering.
189:
come in a wide range of styles and sizes, largely as a result of differing geographic and climatic conditions as well as the lifestyle of the inhabitants. They generally fall into one of four classifications: farmhouses
1136:
The social status of the owner of house governed the conventions of their social relationships in the house. For example, the lowliest ranked people would sit on the earth floor whilst those above them would sit on the
293:
The 'inverted U' consists of two vertical posts fixed at the top with a horizontal beam; these units can then be joined with side girders. The beam can be fixed to the top of the post either by resting upon it or via a
168:
172:
171:
167:
166:
173:
494:
1239:
structural system. Their name derives from the similarity of the roof shape to two hands in prayer. They are frequently found in Gifu
Prefecture. The upper floors of the two- and three-story houses are used for
3096:
3399:
170:
2120:
1087:
could be raised or lowered depending on the amount of heat required and was often shaped into decorative fish or blade shapes. There was no chimney in the farmhouse and the smoke from the
464:
impractical in the earth-floored entrance area—so they were omitted and a special beam structure used instead. This style was in wide use until the Edo period when a shift was made to the
280:
are divided up with primary posts that form the basic framework and bear the structural load of the building; secondary posts are arranged to suit the functional arrangements of the plan.
383:'Rising beams' is a form that enables better use of the second storey. It uses beams that rise from the posts to a secondary ridge that is below the one formed by the rafters.
1400:
600:
in western Japan. The method has its disadvantages if used with posts because variations in post width can make the prefabrication of the sliding partitions difficult.
3384:
3394:
3389:
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2113:
98:). This connotation no longer exists in the modern Japanese language, and any traditional Japanese-style residence of appropriate age could be referred to as
655:
reeds were difficult to obtain for thatched roofs, shingles were used instead; in volcanic areas rushes or boards were used instead of clay for the walls.
609:
method is based upon the distance between centre of one post and centre of the post adjacent to it and it was mainly used on the eastern side of Japan.
169:
2106:
1052:
areas. In older houses, like the 17th century
Yoshimura house, this separating zone was up to 2.5 m wide and servants apparently slept there.
361:
The 'box' structure connects four or more post and beam units to create a box-like structure. It was devised in the Edo period and can be found in
1072:. Above the ash-filled hearth would hang a kettle suspended from the ceiling by an adjustable hearth hook made of wood, metal and bamboo. This
719:
inherited the function of a fire break, but initially it was a method of establishing the extent of ownership in long terraces of row houses.
2045:
1391:
as part of the Japan 2001 Festival. The wooden structure was dismantled, shipped and re-assembled in Kew with new walls and a thatched roof.
322:
With the 'umbrella' style, four beams radiate out from a central post. These posts sit at the centre of the square rather than the corners.
3371:
666:
periods, roofs were clad in thin wooden shingles so owners would put stones on top to prevent the shingles from flying away in the wind.
1097:
was the centre of communication for the house where the family gathered to chat and eat, and it was a cozy place around which to sleep.
645:
were influenced by local building techniques and were built with materials that were abundant in the immediate locality. For example,
3417:
2023:
2000:
1981:
1308:, and many have been designated for preservation by municipalities or the national government. The tremendous regional variation of
335:
The 'cross' has two beams at right angles to one another with the posts in the centre of the sides. It is often used for very small
694:) or bundles of miscanthus reeds along the ridge are a good indicator of the importance of the owner's status in the village. For
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3309:
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2534:
2332:
3284:
3225:
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2085:
1375:
In 1997, the Japan Minka Reuse and
Recycle Association (JMRA) was established to promote the benefits and conservation of
1326:, where examples from around Japan are on display. Minka have also been used as hotels and restaurants to be preserved.
358:
and cover an area 5 metres by 10 metres. This system doubles up the 'cross' structure with two crosses and eight posts.
3466:
386:
Thatched roof farmhouses based upon the 'rising beam' structure can be further classified into four major types. The
1902:
1388:
2348:
1349:
82:
45:
2173:
312:
1948:
1166:. The requirements for social etiquette extended to the family and there were particular seating positions (
74:
3461:
2682:
1108:
28:
20:
2758:
2130:
311:
The 'ladder' has post and beam units connected with larger beams including beams that are closer to the
250:
78:
901:
759:
3332:
3325:
2957:
2663:
2550:
2186:
840:
roof with multiple gables and a combination of thatched sections and shingled sections. Finally, the
1100:
Though there were many possible arrangements of the rooms in a home, one of the most common, called
806:
roofs, covered in shingles or tiles, and slanting down on either side of the house. The majority of
319:. The system allows the irregular placement of posts and, therefore, allows flexibility in the plan.
3289:
2724:
2467:
2238:
1365:
366:
355:
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1323:
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1159:
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2814:
2745:
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2279:
2041:
2019:
1996:
1977:
1424:
1361:
362:
295:
62:
3315:
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2314:
663:
348:
329:
151:
138:
220:
3321:
2917:
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2476:
2415:
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983:) and a raised floor (generally around 20 inches (50 cm) above the level of the
49:
2086:
The
Herbert Offen Research Collection of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum
1121:. The arrangement and size of these rooms was made more flexible with the use of sliding
747:
style, particularly in living rooms. The types of elements incorporated were limited by
120:
are characterized by their basic structure, their roof structure, and their roof shape.
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2012:
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style), it is the structure rather than the plan that is of primary importance to the
67:
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1278:. Houses of this type can be found in Gunma, Nara, Yamaguchi and Kouchi prefectures.
748:
255:
2098:
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3339:
3255:
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880:(fish). They also had circular plates to the ends of the tiles at the eaves called
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owner was indicated by the size and complexity of the building. For thatched roof
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1115:, comprised four rooms in the raised floor portion of the house, adjacent to the
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owned by people of a higher social status began to incorporate elements of the
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3200:
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1203:
1004:, and, in larger, richer houses, an area or set of rooms covered in tatami or
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was generally divided into two sections: a floor of compacted earth, called a
652:
316:
127:
3432:
3419:
3214:
3353:
3248:
3008:
2936:
2751:
2731:
2421:
2038:
What is
Japanese Architecture: A Survey of Traditional Japanese Architecture
1419:
1025:. Large farmhouses sometimes had a raised, timber-floored internal veranda (
617:
91:
were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non-
2876:
2388:
1387:
that belonged to the Yonezu family was acquired by the JMRA and donated to
1149:
floored inner rooms. Honoured guests would sit next with their back to the
825:-style hipped roofs, which slant down on four sides, or the more elaborate
107:
651:
in
Shizuoka used abundant bamboo for roofs, eaves, doors and floors. When
637:
was dependent upon its location, climate, and social status of its owner.
3346:
3168:
3126:
3105:
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3043:
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would rise through the roof drying the reeds and deterring insects. The
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in the earth-floored area. The style is most often found in Shiga and
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2717:
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713:—a wall that projects above the roof line—has a similar status. The
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There are four types of roof shape that can be differentiated for
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There were two main methods for setting out the floor plan of the
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178:
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developed through history with distinctive styles emerging in the
106:
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27:
1244:, with storage space for trays of silkworms and mulberry leaves.
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3241:
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without central columns as the mats and the sliding partitions (
470:
style (although both types had been used since historic times).
2102:
853:
also slopes in four directions but is more pyramidal in shape.
315:
level. This form of structure originated in townhouses of the
1993:
The
Japanese House: A Tradition for Contemporary Architecture
1202:
A number of styles of farmhouses came to maturity during the
1055:
The raised floor often included a built-in hearth, called an
658:
Climate had a bearing on construction: In Kyoto in the late
498:
Decorative roof projections on the ridge of a thatched roof
341:
that have no other posts erected in the space or for large
594:) can be based on a standard size. It was mainly used in
1348:, which is preserved in two villages in central Japan —
77:
houses constructed in any one of several traditional
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2011:
1905:. Japan Open-Air Folk House Museum. Archived from
1198:-style house with birdlike decoration on the gable
1928:"Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama"
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1401:Historic Villages of Shirakawa-gō and Gokayama
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1976:. Cologne: Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.
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1233:have vast roofs that are a large form of the
8:
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298:joint. This latter method is often found in
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933:hearth hook with fish-shaped counterbalance
631:The size, construction and decoration of a
3302:
2463:
2405:
2234:
2141:
2121:
2107:
2099:
2014:Traditional Domestic Architecture of Japan
2018:. New York/Tokyo: Weatherhill/Heibonsha.
372:The 'interconnected box' can be found in
1756:
1754:
177:Looking around a preserved old minka in
1435:
1364:— that together have been designated a
751:to preserve strict class distinctions.
700:, the presence and elaborateness of an
1535:
1533:
681:the number of crossed wooden members (
549:method is based upon column spacing.
7:
2036:Nishi, Kazuo; Kazuo Hozumi (1996).
2032:Japan Live. (2020). Komika. 2nd ed.
1995:. Rutland/Tokyo: Charles E Tuttle.
407:are rare. The latter of these, the
2040:. Tokyo: Kondansha International.
1304:are generally treated as historic
14:
2073:(A Dictionary of Popular Culture)
3280:Architectural Institute of Japan
2387:
2061:Suzuki Mitsuru (1985). "Minka."
1206:; some typical examples follow.
1181:) positioned around the hearth.
419:houses. Far more common are the
354:'Parallel crosses' are found in
328:of this type are often found in
3310:Groups of Traditional Buildings
1972:Fahr-Becker, Gabriele (2001) .
1343:literally "clasped-hands" style
856:The primary purpose of shaping
521:method uses a standard size of
289:, there are eight basic forms:
2068:Taro Sakamoto, et al. (1964).
2063:Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan
1447:Nishi & Hozumi (1996), p82
1:
3285:Japan Institute of Architects
2091:Definition of Minka at JAANUS
1185:Typical Edo period farmhouses
893:that helped to deflect rain.
71:, lit. "house of the people")
1974:Ryokan: A Japanese Tradition
1143:and those above them on the
283:Despite the wide variety of
1951:. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
1383:
1377:
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1314:has also been preserved in
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1329:Of particular note is the
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1991:Engel, Heinrich (1980) .
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669:The social status of the
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83:four divisions of society
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16:Japanese vernacular house
1871:Fahr-Becker (2001), p194
1811:Fahr-Becker (2001), p193
1802:Fahr-Becker (2001), p191
1676:Fahr-Becker (2001), p196
722:During the evolution of
490:Design of the floor plan
218:, fishermen's dwellings
111:Okugame minka farmhouse
81:. In the context of the
79:Japanese building styles
3477:Vernacular architecture
3472:Timber framed buildings
1418:, traditional Japanese
233:and mountain dwellings
2651:Structural and spatial
2065:. Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.
1296:
1199:
934:
920:
778:
628:
558:method works well for
499:
253:(such as those of the
249:Unlike other forms of
181:
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148:
112:
52:
21:Minka (disambiguation)
3457:Architecture in Japan
2131:Japanese architecture
2010:Itoh, Teiji (1979) .
1289:
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1040:) that separated the
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904:
812:have either thatched
762:
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251:Japanese architecture
176:
154:
141:
110:
31:
2187:Imperial Crown Style
1584:Engel (1980), p78-81
977:(the precursor to a
613:Overall construction
19:For other uses, see
3429: /
3290:Metabolist Movement
2075:. Tokyo: KK Tokyodō
1748:Itoh (1979), p66-68
1605:Itoh (1979), p70-72
1366:World Heritage Site
356:Shizuoka Prefecture
3467:Thatched buildings
3433:36.400°N 136.883°E
3372:National Treasures
3187:Chōzuya (Temizuya)
1297:
1295:, Ogimachi village
1200:
956:The interior of a
935:
921:
897:Farmhouse interior
779:
777:surrounded by snow
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53:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
2746:Nightingale floor
2670:Disordered piling
2609:
2608:
2605:
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2402:Types of building
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2047:978-4-7700-1992-9
1862:Itoh (1979), p150
1641:Itoh (1979), p122
1632:Itoh (1979), p120
1623:Itoh (1979), p124
1614:Itoh (1979), p118
1596:Itoh (1979), p112
1563:Itoh (1979), p110
1425:Kura (storehouse)
1362:Toyama Prefecture
536:mat, whereas the
413:, is popular for
304:on the island of
296:mortise and tenon
174:
46:Shirakawa village
3484:
3444:
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1949:"Japanese Minka"
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608:
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593:
591:
590:
578:
576:
575:
563:
557:
548:
546:
545:
535:
533:
532:
520:
518:
517:
507:
485:
478:
469:
462:
450:
444:
442:
441:
431:
429:
428:
418:
412:
406:
404:
403:
391:
346:
340:
330:Shiga Prefecture
327:
303:
288:
279:
273:
267:
265:
264:
245:
243:
242:
232:
230:
229:
217:
215:
214:
202:
200:
199:
188:
175:
159:
146:
125:
119:
103:
90:
72:
70:
43:
37:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3447:
3446:
3438:36.400; 136.883
3437:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3366:
3322:Japanese garden
3294:
3268:
3220:
3179:Outdoor objects
3174:
3091:
2982:
2924:
2834:
2820:
2646:
2601:
2529:
2455:
2397:
2392:
2375:
2327:
2226:
2133:
2127:
2096:
2082:
2058:
2056:Further reading
2048:
2035:
2026:
2009:
2003:
1990:
1984:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1910:
1903:"Nihon Minkaen"
1901:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
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1752:
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1727:
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1713:
1711:
1706:
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1701:
1692:
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1666:
1657:
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1645:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1433:
1397:
1354:Gifu Prefecture
1333:
1284:
1269:
1255:
1250:
1218:
1212:
1187:
1170:
1155:
1104:
1076:
1061:
1029:
1014:
1010:mats, called a
993:
966:
944:
911:
899:
884:
871:
844:
831:
816:
797:
757:
704:
685:
615:
585:
570:
540:
527:
512:
492:
436:
432:(also known as
423:
398:
259:
237:
224:
209:
194:
164:
136:
60:
50:Gifu Prefecture
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3490:
3488:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3299:Related topics
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3259:
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3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2988:
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2973:
2968:
2961:
2954:
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2926:
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2923:
2922:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
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2829:
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2822:
2821:
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2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2690:Irimoya-zukuri
2686:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2658:Burdock piling
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2582:Shichidō garan
2578:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
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2217:
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2203:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2080:External links
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2007:
2001:
1988:
1982:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1940:
1919:
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1429:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1413:
1408:
1406:Nihon Minka-en
1403:
1396:
1393:
1320:Nihon Minka-en
1283:
1280:
1253:Honmune-zukuri
1249:
1246:
1211:
1208:
1186:
1183:
898:
895:
756:
753:
749:sumptuary laws
614:
611:
491:
488:
455:
454:
453:
452:
381:
370:
359:
352:
333:
320:
309:
135:
132:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3489:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Japanese home
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
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3307:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3291:
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3283:
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3273:Organizations
3271:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
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3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
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2638:
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2619:
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2612:
2598:
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2590:
2586:
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2583:
2579:
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2560:
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2555:
2553:
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2548:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:Shinto shrine
2516:
2514:
2513:
2512:Setsumatsusha
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
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2486:
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2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:Himeji Castle
2390:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
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2222:
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2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2201:
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2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
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2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
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2161:
2157:
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2149:
2147:
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2124:
2119:
2117:
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2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2097:
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2089:
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2084:
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2079:
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2072:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2025:0-8348-1004-2
2021:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2004:
2002:0-8048-0304-8
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1983:3-8290-4829-7
1979:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1909:on 2013-11-10
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1883:
1882:"suzumeodori"
1877:
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1436:
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1426:
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1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:A-frame house
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1331:gasshō-zukuri
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1293:
1292:Gasshō-zukuri
1288:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1217:
1216:gasshō-zukuri
1209:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1075:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1013:
1008:
999:
992:
987:
982:
981:
972:
965:
960:
954:
943:
942:
931:
925:
909:
903:
896:
894:
883:
870:
864:
860:
854:
843:
830:
829:
815:
810:
796:
791:
785:
776:
771:
766:
765:Gasshō-zukuri
761:
754:
752:
750:
746:
741:
736:
732:
726:
720:
717:
703:
698:
684:
679:
673:
667:
665:
661:
656:
654:
649:
643:
638:
635:
625:
619:
612:
610:
607:
601:
598:
584:
583:
569:
568:
562:
556:
550:
539:
526:
525:
511:
506:
496:
489:
487:
484:
477:
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468:
461:
449:
435:
422:
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411:
397:
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385:
384:
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379:
375:
371:
368:
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353:
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334:
331:
326:
321:
318:
314:
310:
307:
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297:
292:
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278:
272:
258:
257:
252:
247:
236:
223:
222:
208:
207:
193:
187:
180:
158:
157:Gasshō-zukuri
153:
145:
140:
133:
131:
129:
124:
118:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
89:
84:
80:
76:
69:
64:
59:
58:
51:
47:
42:
36:
35:gasshō-zukuri
30:
26:
22:
3414:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3314:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:Measurements
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2975:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
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2129:Elements of
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2071:Fuzoku jiten
2070:
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2037:
2013:
1992:
1973:
1953:. Retrieved
1943:
1932:. Retrieved
1922:
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1907:the original
1897:
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1452:
1374:
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1298:
1282:Preservation
1267:suzume-odori
1266:
1252:
1251:
1215:
1213:
1201:
1167:
1150:
1135:
1133:partitions.
1128:
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369:prefectures.
351:prefectures.
282:
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234:
219:
204:
203:town houses
191:
183:
160:under repair
114:
56:
55:
54:
25:
3436: /
2987:Furnishings
2614:Roof styles
1783:"hiroshiki"
1389:Kew Gardens
1242:sericulture
389:yojiro-gumi
147:-style roof
3451:Categories
3385:Residences
3326:rock (Zen)
3097:Partitions
2831:Approaches
2342:Daibutsuyō
2280:Ishi-no-ma
1966:References
1955:2013-11-09
1934:2013-11-09
1913:2013-11-09
1888:2013-11-10
1846:2013-11-10
1789:2013-11-10
1768:2013-11-10
1735:2013-11-10
1714:2013-11-10
1693:2013-11-10
1687:"kayabuki"
1658:2013-11-09
1547:2013-11-09
1464:2013-11-09
1420:townhouses
1204:Edo period
1074:jizai kagi
930:jizai kagi
653:miscanthus
445:) and the
317:Edo period
313:foundation
128:Edo period
75:vernacular
3354:Wabi-sabi
3201:Ishigantō
3009:Emakimono
2944:Daidokoro
2937:Chashitsu
2918:Mihashira
2752:Onigawara
2732:Nakazonae
2571:Main Hall
2558:Hōkyōintō
2460:Religious
2422:Chashitsu
2393:Model of
2349:Ōbaku Zen
2315:Sumiyoshi
2262:Hiyoshi (
2231:Religious
1652:"machiya"
1431:Footnotes
1350:Shirakawa
1306:landmarks
1140:hiroshiki
1027:hiroshiki
773:homes in
664:Muromachi
3424:136°53′E
3169:Tsuitate
3058:Mitamaya
3044:Kamidana
3030:Getabako
3002:Chabudai
2995:Butsudan
2977:Washitsu
2808:Tsumairi
2794:Tokonoma
2773:Tamagaki
2711:Katsuogi
2704:Katōmado
2634:Karahafu
2544:Butsuden
2535:Buddhist
2370:Zenshūyō
2356:Setchūyō
2333:Buddhist
2255:Hachiman
1930:. Unesco
1884:. JAANUS
1842:. JAANUS
1840:"yokoza"
1785:. JAANUS
1764:. JAANUS
1731:. JAANUS
1710:. JAANUS
1708:"shachi"
1689:. JAANUS
1654:. JAANUS
1543:. JAANUS
1460:. JAANUS
1395:See also
1358:Gokayama
1324:Kawasaki
1318:such as
1152:tokonoma
1102:yomadori
1046:and the
948:縁側 or 掾側
814:yosemune
795:kirizuma
775:Gokayama
392:and the
367:Ishikawa
63:Japanese
44:home in
38:-styled
3421:36°24′N
3395:Temples
3390:Shrines
3380:Castles
3324: (
3208:Komainu
3194:Giboshi
3151: (
3141:Shitomi
3120:Jinmaku
3079:Zabuton
3065:Oshiire
3051:Kotatsu
2971:Toilets
2915: (
2870:Nijūmon
2856:Karamon
2683:Hisashi
2641:Mokoshi
2627:Irimoya
2436:Machiya
2409:Secular
2308:Shinmei
2294:Kibitsu
2273:Irimoya
2248:Azekura
2207:Shinden
2181:Hirairi
2153:Azekura
2145:Secular
1762:"minka"
1729:"gatou"
1458:"minka"
1416:Machiya
1248:Honmune
1227:-style
1210:Gasshou
1195:Honmune
1012:zashiki
1007:mushiro
828:irimoya
790:machiya
787:. Most
755:Roofing
731:machiya
697:machiya
683:umanori
606:inakama
538:inakama
486:style.
434:gasshou
416:machiya
306:Shikoku
206:machiya
93:samurai
3340:Ryokan
3333:Kumiko
3162:Sudare
3113:Fusuma
3037:Kamado
2951:Mizuya
2898:Sanmon
2877:Niōmon
2842:Genkan
2787:Tenshu
2780:Tatami
2739:Namako
2718:Kuruwa
2676:Engawa
2621:Hidden
2596:Tahōtō
2576:Pagoda
2498:Honden
2491:Hokora
2484:Heiden
2477:Haiden
2468:Shinto
2450:Yagura
2416:Castle
2322:Taisha
2301:Nagare
2287:Kasuga
2239:Shinto
2221:Sukiya
2193:Jutaku
2174:Giyōfū
2167:Gassho
2138:Styles
2044:
2022:
1999:
1980:
1541:"sasu"
1381:. One
1370:UNESCO
1168:yokoza
1146:tatami
1124:fusuma
1049:tatami
991:hiroma
980:Genkan
941:engawa
869:shachi
728:, the
716:udatsu
702:udatsu
624:udatsu
621:Tiled
567:fusuma
524:tatami
508:. The
483:odachi
460:odachi
451:types.
448:odachi
410:wagoya
395:wagoya
363:Toyama
256:sukiya
144:Gasshō
96:castes
3347:Sentō
3256:Shaku
3154:washi
3148:Shōji
3134:Noren
3127:Kichō
3106:Byōbu
3072:Tansu
3023:Futon
2965:Shoin
2958:Nando
2929:Rooms
2912:Torii
2905:Sōmon
2891:Sandō
2884:Rōmon
2849:Kairō
2828:Gates
2815:Shibi
2801:Tokyō
2766:Sōrin
2759:Ranma
2697:Irori
2664:Chigi
2589:Shōrō
2565:Kyōzō
2524:Torii
2505:Kofun
2443:Minka
2214:Shoin
2200:Omoya
1384:minka
1378:minka
1311:minka
1301:Minka
1230:minka
1130:shōji
1094:irori
1089:irori
1058:irori
959:minka
908:Irori
882:gatou
863:rot.
859:minka
842:hogyo
784:minka
770:minka
745:shoin
740:Minka
725:minka
678:minka
672:minka
660:Heian
648:minka
642:Minka
634:minka
597:minka
582:shōji
561:minka
555:kyoma
510:kyoma
505:minka
378:Osaka
374:Kyoto
349:Fukui
344:minka
338:minka
325:Minka
301:minka
286:minka
277:Minka
271:minka
235:sanka
221:gyoka
186:Minka
179:Tokyo
134:Types
123:Minka
117:Minka
101:Minka
88:Minka
57:Minka
41:minka
3361:Yabo
3242:Koku
3215:Tōrō
3086:Zafu
3016:Furo
2741:wall
2725:Moya
2429:Kura
2363:Wayō
2160:Buke
2042:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1978:ISBN
1356:and
1337:合掌造り
1236:sasu
1214:The
1127:and
1118:doma
1109:四間取り
1043:doma
986:doma
964:doma
809:nōka
662:and
603:The
579:and
552:The
476:sasu
473:The
467:sasu
457:The
421:sasu
376:and
365:and
192:nōka
73:are
3316:Iki
3263:Sun
3235:Ken
2863:Mon
2264:Hie
1368:by
1360:in
1352:in
1322:in
1273:雀踊り
1259:本棟造
1222:合掌造
1160:床の間
1081:自在鈎
1066:囲炉裏
915:囲炉裏
835:入母屋
820:寄せ棟
689:馬乗り
544:田舎間
402:和小屋
263:数寄屋
3453::
3249:Ri
2551:Dō
1855:^
1753:^
1667:^
1589:^
1577:^
1556:^
1532:^
1473:^
1438:^
1372:.
1340:,
1175:横座
1034:広敷
1019:座敷
998:広間
971:土間
927:A
888:瓦当
848:方形
801:切妻
708:卯立
589:障子
516:京間
440:合掌
427:扠首
274:.
246:.
241:山家
228:漁家
213:町屋
198:農家
130:.
104:.
85:,
68:民家
65::
48:,
32:A
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2921:)
2266:)
2122:e
2115:t
2108:v
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2005:.
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