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Fr. Camille Piche said he read the first 500 claims before realizing "they were all the same." "Unfortunately some of the lawyers simply do carbon copies of them, simply changing the names and the dates. That makes you doubt about the validity of some of them." The order spends at least $ 2,000 to process each claim. In 2006, the
Oblates were among the Catholic entities that promised a combined contribution of $ 25 million to a residential school survivors' compensation fund, of which only $ 3.9 million was paid before the government of Canada released the Church from its financial obligation in 2015. The Oblates stated that their portion of the settlement, which was not publicly disclosed, was paid in full. As of 2021, the organization was divided into multiple corporations, which hold assets totaling at least $ 200 million; a 2007 bulletin stated that one advantage of creating new such entities was protection of church assets from financial liabilities associated with lawsuits.
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921:, called on all Catholic organizations to be transparent with their archives and noted that the Diocese of Vancouver (distinct from the OMI) provided records to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and they continued to be "available for review". On June 4, 2021, Chief Rosanne Casimir of Tk'emlĂșps te SecwĂ©pemc Nation also noted that the OMI had yet to release any records about the school. Ken Thorson, Provincial of OMI Lacombe Canada, cited his apology of May 30, saying "an apology is easy" but that follow-up was hard. He said that the OMI considered releasing records for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (begun 2007, with submissions closed in 2015), but acknowledged that "rather than taking a listening stance," the congregation "came together in a defensive posture."
641:, on July 24, 1991, stating an apology on "certain aspects" of its ministry. Noting that the Oblate was soon to celebrate its 150th anniversary of ministering to Native peoples of Canada, Crosby wrote that the OMI recognized that they were a "key player" in the "implementation of cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and religious imperialism" that "threatened the cultural, linguistic, and religious traditions of native peoples". Crosby also noted that sexual and physical abuse had occurred at the residential schools, and that the instances were "inexcusable, intolerable, and a betrayal of trust." Further, Crosby noted that the OMI renewed its commitment to work with Native peoples in a renewed relationship seeking to "move past mistakes to a new level of respect and mutuality."
1066:âadministering Cowessess access to mail. With the exception of Principal Jean-Baptiste Beys (1912â1918), for over 60 years Oblates served as parish priest, principal, and postmaster for the community, including: Gustave Fafard (1918â1920), Joseph CarriĂšre (1920â1933), Placide ChĂątelain (1933â1938), Vincent de Varennes (1938â1944), Jean Lemire (1944â1952), Regalis (Royal) CarriĂšre (1952â1961), and Gaston (Garry) GĂ©linas (1961â1964). After GĂ©linas' resignation in 1964, the postmaster role was filled by the community. Oblates GĂ©rard Nogue (1964â1971) and AdĂ©odat Ruest (1971â1972) were the last Oblate principals at Marieval, as its administration shifted to the government.
351:, signing at eight out of nine commission visits across the territory. Conroy noted, "I was very glad to be accompanied by His Lordship Bishop Breynat, O.M.I., who has considerable influence with the Indians in the North, and would like here to express my appreciation of the help and hospitality accorded to me and my party in his missions..." Meanwhile, Breynat noted, "I may say that I am responsible for the treaty having been signed at several places, especially at Fort Simpson." The last of the Numbered Treaties,
689:). In 1910, the principal said that the government did not provide enough money to properly feed the students. Hundreds of SecwĂ©pemcĂșl'ecw children attended the school, many forcibly removed from their homes following the promulgation of mandatory attendance laws in the 1920s. Peaking at 500 students the 1950s, it became Canada's largest residential school. As a matter of policy, the administration forbade children who attended the school from speaking their native
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613:. In 1954, the OMI began taking children to schools from their communities by the "Artic Wings" airplane, which resulted in a reduction in police escort records from that period. Oblate William A. Leising shuttled the children to residential schools, calling his plane the "flying school bus", picking them up from their communities and landing at Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut,
1006:, who wrote in the 2019 Archdiocese of Regina Annual Report that the diocese had heard reports of a pastor who bulldozed parts of the cemetery 50 years prior because of a conflict with Cowessess leadership. Other accounts cited the 1970 handover, when the Cowessess First Nation took over the cemetery from the church, saying graves were plowed under or destroyed.
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other affected
Indigenous communities, especially family members of the deceased. I appreciate the sensitive and respectful way in which this difficult work is being carried out. This heartâbreaking discovery brings the tragedy of the residential school system into the light once again and demands that we continue to confront its legacy.
987:, and in March 2021, Chief Cadmus Delorme announced that the community had begun radar scanning to find remains at the site, and that the end goal was to "identify, to mark, and to build a monument in honouring and recognizing the bodies." From June 2â23, their efforts found the 751 unmarked graves and they marked each with a flag.
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In July 2000, OMI Superior, Jean-Paul
Isabelle requested government financial help with approximately 2,000 lawsuits related to its residential schools. Noting that Saskatchewan alone had 900 claims, with two settling for $ 100,000 CDN each, Isabelle feared that the order would go bankrupt in Canada.
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Oblate Arthur Masse was arrested on June 16, 2022, charged with indecent assault of a student at OMI-administered Fort
Alexander Residential School. The crime was alleged to have been committed between 1968 and 1970 when the student was 10 years old. The arrest of Masse, aged 92, was the culmination
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In 2018, Chief Cadmus
Delorme wrote to the Donald Bolen, Archbishop of Regina, asking for funding to restore the Cowessess cemetery. Less than six months later, the adjoining church was destroyed by fire. Work to recover graves began in 2019, when the Cowessess First Nation received $ 70,000 for the
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On behalf of the
Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, I wish to express my heartfelt sadness and sincere regret for the deep pain and distress the discovery of the remains of children buried on the grounds of Kamloops Indian Residential School brings to the Tk'emlĂșps te SecwĂ©pemc First Nation, and
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Rosanne
Casimir of Tk'emlĂșps te SecwĂ©pemc (TteS) said that work was underway to determine whether the Royal British Columbia Museum held relevant records. Plans had been formed for an archeological dig although the idea remained controversial among school survivors, "with some seeing exhumation as a
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advocate. While the medals themselves were returned, the honours, given in 1979 to Oblate
Michael J. Smith (1911â2002) for "his success in integrating war refugees into new surroundings and of his deep concern for the Polish community at large" and in 1971 to Oblate Anthony Sylla, for his "dedicated
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A class-action lawsuit had been launched against the OMI in March 2018. Despite the OMI initially seeking a settlement, as of 2021, the lawsuit had grown to include 190 Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons from Quebec. Allegations include Oblate attempts to "silence repeated sexual assaults it was
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Noting that the unmarked graves likely included adults, the gravesite had long been said to contain unmarked graves from the local community including some, Chief Cadmus
Delorme asserted, where markers were destroyed by church leadership. Donald Bolen, Archbishop of Regina affirmed the community's
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The findings in
Marieval and Kamloops are part of a larger tragedy. They are a shameful reminder of the systemic racism, discrimination, and injustice that Indigenous peoples have faced â and continue to face â in this country. And together, we must acknowledge this truth, learn from our past, and
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This growing awareness leads us to an increased desire to listen deeply and learn from Indigenous communities where Oblates continue to live and minister. The Oblates remain committed to humbly participating in ongoing efforts towards reconciliation and healing for our role in this painful part of
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of teachers at reserve schools was determined by the dominant religion already present, but with provision for minority denominations to have a separate school with permission of the Governor in Council. This allowed for churches to establish schools, not based on existing denominational presence,
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In 1903, Oblate Perreault requested 40 acres of land from the Cowessess for a school and mission and received verbal permission. As formal paperwork was done, Perrault increased the request to 350 acres. The surrender of land was signed in November 1908 under condition that if it ceased use for a
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community from 1981 to 1991. After sexual abuse accusations surfaced in the 1980s, Couture was relocated to France by the OMI, and in 2000, after eight Atikamekws filed a formal complaint of sexual assault, Couture was convicted in 2004 and sentenced to 15 months in prison. Couture now admits his
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was charged with sex crimes and resigned his see. Initially convicted in 1996 of rape and indecent assault on two Indigenous women, O'Connor was sentenced to two-and-a-half years in prison. By affidavit, O'Connor admitted only to consensual relationships with the women, and that he had fathered a
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exists as a separate but federated institution with a pontifical charter to grant ecclesiastical degrees and a public charter, through the University of Ottawa, to grant civil degrees. The congregation has been involved in religious and secular publishing, helping to establish a number of church,
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to a Catholic and agrarian lifestyle. Later, the school became a federally mandated residential school named St. Mary's. Closed in 1984, it was the last residential school in British Columbia. It is now a cultural centre operated by the Sto:lo people. There an operating OMI cemetery on site with
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stated at the time that while it had opened an investigation "so that we can assist should our assistance be required", it was "respect that Tk'emlĂșps te SecwĂ©pemc remains as the lead official at this time", and was not looking into the site itself. As of May 2022, no remains had been excavated,
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On March 15, 1991, after its National Meeting on Indian Residential Schools, the Catholic Church recognized that the "negative experiences in the Residential Schools cannot be considered in isolation from the root causes of the indignities and injustices suffered by aboriginal peoples." This was
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The Missionary Oblates were administrators and teachers at the Kamloops Indian Residential School. Through our own ongoing reflection, and the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, we are growing into a deepening awareness of the damage caused to Indigenous peoples, the enduring harm
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reported on June 3, 2021, that the OMI refused to release records that might help identify the remains found at residential schools sites, especially as the discovery of 215 potential remains is contrary to existing reports of 51 children known to have died at the facility. The director of the
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interviewed approximately 700 survivors and witnesses, collecting approximately 900 statements about abuses at the school from 1941 to 1972. Physical abuse came in many different forms including poor living conditions and corporal punishments for students speaking in their native languages.
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of a decade-long RCMP criminal investigation that included over 80 agents, who conducted over 700 interviews and analyzed thousands of historical documents, resulting in 75 statements from witnesses and victims of abuse at the school. Masse was released pending trial on July 20, 2022.
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In March 2018, in a statement in response to the testimonies, Oblate Fathers noted they were "deeply concerned" following the testimonies and "fiercely hoped" that the members of the community would find peace. In March 2018 the order opened a hotline for abuse victims.
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said he was "horrified and heartbroken" at the discovery, and that he supported further efforts to bring to "light the full extent of this loss." Highlighting the national importance of the discovery, flags were lowered in communities across Canada. In Halifax,
830:. Survivors, many children at the time of the events, noted their fear of speaking out against Joveneau, with one saying, "I could not talk about it; he was like a god." Joveneau was also noted for his part in the forced displacement of families from
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were discovered on the property via ground-penetrating radar, resulting in lowering of flags across the country, a call to examine all former residential school grounds across Canada, and plans to honour the deceased and reunite them with their
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in July 1901. The first principal of the school was Oblate ThĂ©ophile Campeau (1897â1900). When the school was granted federal government funding as a residential school for 40 children in 1901, Oblate SimĂ©on Perreault (1900â1912) was principal.
705:, based on "their placement, size, depth, and other features". In July 2021, Beaulieu noted that they should be considered "probable burials" or "targets of interest" because only with an excavation could they be confirmed as human remains.
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and titular Bishop, lobbied and negotiated so that the Dene would have such a treaty but reception from the Canadian government was lukewarm. This changed in 1921 when, driven primarily by desire for rights to newly discovered oil,
2569:"Statement from the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate regarding news from the Tk'emlĂșps te SecwĂ©pemc Nation (Kamloops Indian Band) of the discovery of the remains of 215 children at the Kamloops Indian Residential School"
547:. On landing, the plane struck gasoline cans on the runway and collided into a group of children. Four were killed, five injured, and the RCMP gave aid. In 1937, Breynat purchased a Waco biplane (CF-BDY) to be flown by
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arrived from France to begin a boarding school at Cowessess called the Holy Heart of Mary, however friction with the Oblates resulted in their departure. In 1900 they were replaced first by lay teachers, then the
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to "make regulations children of Indian blood under the age of sixteen years, to such industrial school or boarding school, there to be kept, cared for and educated eighteen". The Act was further amended via
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The indigenous community had long suspected that unmarked graves were located at the residential school, but no proof existed to support this. In 2021, anthropologist Dr. Sarah Beaulieu surveyed the area with
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983:'s insurance settlement after the fire and it was agreed that the church would not be rebuilt and the land would return to the Cowessess. Work on the cemetery was delayed for over a year due to the
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The pain is real, the pain is there and the pain hasn't gone away. As we heal, every Cowessess citizen has a family member in that gravesite. To know there's some unmarked, it continues the pain.
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Residential School History and Dialogue Centre of the University of British Columbia noted that the Government of Canada and churches had been fighting over document access for twenty years.
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712:, CEO Richard Jock said, "That this situation exists is sadly not a surprise and illustrates the damaging and lasting impacts that the residential school system continues to have on
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2256:"The horrors of St. Anne's: Ontario Provincial Police files obtained by CBC News reveal the history of abuse at the notorious residential school that built its own electric chair"
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under Oblate Archbishop Alexandre-Antonin Taché. A log building day school for Cowessess children opened in 1885 with Page as principal. Students transferred to the newly built
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child that was placed for adoption. On appeal of the conviction, O'Connor's charges were dismissed. He resigned as bishop in 1991, but retained the honorific of most reverend.
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investigative report by Quebec journalist Anne Panasuk, unveiled accusations against ten additional Oblate missionaries, including Oblate Raynald Couture, who had served in
209:(1823â1894) was ordained by Bishop Provencher. TachĂ© was elevated to Bishop of Saint Boniface in 1854, a year after Provencher's death. In 1857, TachĂ© selected 13-year-old
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through Canadian Government funding from 1902 to 1976. Investigations into allegations of abuse at St. Anne's Residential School began in November 1992. Over seven years,
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pain regarding the destruction, illustrating one story where an Oblate priest had destroyed headstones "in a way that was reprehensible", echoing RĂ©Anne Letourneau, a
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Thirteen years later, OMI presence was a constant in the community, with eleven brothers and 39 priests serving the mission from 1897 to 1967. In 1898, four
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424:. To fulfill various treaty obligations to provide education to Indigenous peoples, the Act provided for Indigenous education at day schools built on
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was again amended, making it mandatory for all Indigenous children between age seven and sixteen to attend an Indian Residential School. In 1933,
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Starting in 1893 (three years after its inception) until 1977, the Canadian government charged the Oblates of Mary Immaculate with running the
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noted the flag lowering was "to honour the children found in Kamloops and all others who lost their lives to the residential schools system."
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approached Breynat for his support to "insure the success" of treaty negotiations with the Dene. Known for being part of the negotiations for
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963:, Archbishop of Regina, noted that the discovery "brings us face to face with the brutal legacy of the Indian Residential School system".
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As part of its mission in Canada, the OMI ran at least 57 residential schools with locations in seven provinces and territories. During a
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process that could help lay victims properly to rest, while others want them left undisturbed." As of May 2022, debates were ongoing. The
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443:, explaining that boarding schools were best to make Indigenous children "forget the customs, habits & language of their ancestors".
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In 1908 the establishment of a post office under the name of "Marieval" set the area's official name, and Perreault became its first
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of 1870, which would join the colony to Canada. After the failure of rebellion, Taché unsuccessfully advocated for Riel's amnesty.
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advocated for Indigenous children to "become civilized" through residential schools. In 1880, he wrote to Public Works Minister
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reiterated the apologies of the Catholic Church for its role in running those schools, acknowledging the system as genocide.
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crimes, saying that he sought help from the church, but none came. The report included accusations that Oblate Archbishop of
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Letourneau, RĂ©Anne (October 2, 2020). "Indigenous Relations: Archdiocesan Commission for Truth and Reconciliation (ACTR)".
3105:"Statement by the Prime Minister on the findings around the former Marieval (Cowessess) Residential School in Saskatchewan"
3658:"Indigenous leaders say discovery of children's remains at Kamloops residential school is beginning of national reckoning"
2175:"The Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate - An Apology to the First Nations of Canada by the Oblate Conference of Canada"
842:
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Beginning November 2017, specific accusations of physical, sexual, psychological, and financial abuse were levied against
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it had granted to Oblate John Fergus O'Grady (1908â1998), Bishop of Prince George, in 1986. O'Grady had been Principal of
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1955:
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On May 30, 2021, Ken Thorson of Lacombe OMI issued a media release acknowledging discovery of the children's remains:
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38:
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937:, announced that searchers using ground-penetrating radar had discovered 751 unmarked graves near the former OMI-run
151:, OMI sent its first missionaries to Canada. Arriving first at St-Hilaire in Montérégie, the Oblates then settled in
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159:(Ottawa). The Oblates began in parish missions and later, moved to parishes in poor areas. The Oblates expanded to
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services for over sixty years as an Oblate missionary to immigrant settlers in Western Canada", are still valid.
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1143:, Kamloops (1890â1969). Subject of widespread outrage beginning May 26, 2021, after 215 officially undocumented
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from 1936 to 1939, Kamloops Indian Residential School from 1938 to 1952, and Cariboo Indian Residential School,
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371:, and other peoples in the vast 950,000 km (370,000 sq mi) area, which would become part of the
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3709:"Police hunted for secret church archives during probe of abuse allegations at St. Anne's residential school"
2460:"This radar technology helped find the burial site of 215 children in Kamloops, B.C. â could it find others?"
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caused by colonization and the part our religious order played in it through the residential school system.
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calling the discovery part of Canada's "devastating legacy of one of the darkest chapters of its history."
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3506:"Manitoba RCMP make arrest in historical sexual abuse investigation at Fort Alexander Residential School"
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2435:"Anthropologist explains how she concluded 200 children were buried at the Kamloops Residential School"
2380:"Anthropologist explains how she concluded 200 children were buried at the Kamloops Residential School"
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2409:"'This is heavy truth': Tk'emlĂșps te SecwĂ©pemc chief says more to be done to identify unmarked graves"
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2873:"Oblate religious order covered up decades of sexual abuse of First Nations children, victims allege"
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3453:"Marieval (Cowessess) Indian Residential School: MĂ©tis Nation-Saskatchewan Eastern Region-III Study"
849:, Joveneau was a public face of the OMI mission in Canada. The synopsis of the NFB films, including
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in 1848, then the College of Bytown. Since the University of Ottawa became publicly funded in 1965,
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well aware of" and include reference to Oblate Alexis Joveneau, Oblate Raynald Coture, and others.
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56:. Some of those schools have been associated with cases of child abuse by Oblate clergy and staff.
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2795:"Oblate religious order ready to settle out of court with Quebec victims of priests' sexual abuse"
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2924:"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver offers apology in wake of discovery of mass burial site"
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in 1884 and the log building was torn down. Oblate missionaries continued to visit the area from
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1996:. Vol. II: Indian Acts and Amendments, 1868â1975. Department of Indian and Northern Affairs
1427:, Shubenacadie (February 5, 1930 â June 22, 1967). This was the only residential school in
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2899:"No co-operation, no comment: Missionary Oblates who ran Kamloops school won't release records"
2687:"He broke the values we had: Innu women at Quebec MMIWG hearing recount priest's alleged abuse"
217:. After Riel returned in 1857, he became increasingly involved in MĂ©tis leadership and led the
45:. As part of their mission to evangelize the "abandoned poor", the Oblates are known for their
3480:"Retired priest charged with indecent assault after Manitoba residential school investigation"
2287:"Ottawa has spent $ 3.2M fighting St. Anne's residential school survivors in court since 2013"
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3187:"'This is true truth and reconciliation:' $ 70,000 put toward Cowessess gravesite upgrades"
2489:"Work to exhume remains at former Kamloops residential school could begin soon, chief says"
2316:"Kamloops History: The dark and difficult legacy of the Kamloops Indian Residential School"
2145:"Statement by the National Meeting on Indian Residential Schools - Saskatoon, Saskatchewan"
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began. Led by Oblate Jules Decorby, followed by Oblate Agapit Page, it operated within the
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to Unamenshipit in the 1960s, and deliberate removal of benefits for those that returned.
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community, and ethnic newspapers in Canada including Ottawa's francophone daily newspaper
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3051:"Hundreds of graves found at former residential school for Indigenous children in Canada"
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The Role of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police During the Indian Residential School System
3559:"After Pope called residential schools 'genocide,' House of Commons should too: NDP MP"
2606:"UBC will review honorary degree granted to former Catholic bishop John Fergus O'Grady"
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Canada's National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG)
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2821:"Class action against Oblate priests jumps to 190 alleged victims from across Quebec"
2658:"'Far from bankrupt': Catholic order that ran 48 residential schools faces criticism"
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2990:"Kukpi7 Chief Rosanne Casimir gives update on Kamloops residential school discovery"
2847:"Le silence des Oblats: La congrĂ©gation religieuse a protĂ©gĂ© des prĂȘtres pĂ©dophiles"
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In order to receive funding from the Canadian Government for the OMI mission to the
2713:"Quebec religious order apologizes, opens hotline for Innu victims of sexual abuse"
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3350:"Indian Claims Commission: Cowessess First Nation 1907 Surrender Phase II Inquiry"
3245:"'This is Cowessess First Nation's moment of our truth' says Chief Cadmus Delorme"
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853:(1960), featuring Joveneau have been edited to include note of his alleged abuse.
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OMI's Canadian presence is currently administered in three geographic provinces:
3289:"Cowessess chief calls on Pope to apologize after 751 unmarked graves discovered"
2763:"Class action request filed in Quebec against religious order over alleged abuse"
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As Long As This Land Shall Last: A History of Treaty 8 and Treaty 11, 1870-1939
1812:"It Was Only A Treaty": Treaty 11 according to the Dene of the Mackenzie Valley
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Government of Canada - Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
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845:(NFB) documentaries from 1960 to 1985, including three by Québécois director
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The Norseman aircraft operated until 1957 when it was sold and replaced by a
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3267:"Cowessess finds signs of 751 unmarked graves at former residential school"
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OMI residential schools in the Northwest Territories included locations in
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shore from the 1950s until his death in 1992, were revealed as part of the
191:. This was the beginning of their missions of Western and Northern Canada.
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and observed "disruptions in the ground" which she concluded could be 200
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On November 27, 1930, Breynat was a Commercial Airways passenger with the
471:, the OMI maintained at least 57 (41%) of 139 total schools funded by the
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2540:"Halifax to lower flags in honour of Kamloops residential school victims"
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in British Columbia on the traditional territory of the SecwĂ©pemcĂșl'ecw (
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walk the shared path of reconciliation, so we can build a better future.
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thanked Anne Panasuk, stating "The Church must never again be silent."
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2342:. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, University of Manitoba
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Peter Sutton was aware of the accusations in 1974. In response to the
52:, and their historic administration of at least 57 schools within the
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2353:"Remains of 215 children found at former Kamloops residential school"
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The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
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The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
632:
Revelations, reconciliation, and the contemporary ministry since 1991
501:
356:
315:
156:
97:
3632:"'Reconciliation tour' reveals dark history of Mission, B.C. school"
2025:"Canada's Residential Schools: The History. Part 1, Origins to 1939"
1607:
512:
and established a residential school (1890) and silver mine (1895).
2339:
637:
followed by a statement from Oblate Conference of Canada President
1642:
1105:
OMI residential schools in British Columbia included locations in
734:
376:
368:
278:
Western Canadian steamships of the Oblate Order of Mary Immaculate
261:
244:
202:
139:
As of July 2019, there were 282 Oblate priests working in Canada.
18:
3080:"Letter to Chief Cadmus and the People of Cowessess First Nation"
2948:
1580:"Canada's Residential Schools: The History. Part 2, 1939 to 2000"
953:
reserve. The significant find made international headlines, with
387:
In December 2008, representatives of Assumption OMI returned two
819:
3216:"Cowessess FN to identify remains with radar at mass gravesite"
1783:. Heritage House and main author Harold Fryer. p. 120.
2109:"The Aircraft: A brief history of each individual norseman"
1722:"Memorable Manitobans: Alexandre-Antonin Taché (1823-1894)"
537:
Mother Provincial of the Sisters of Charity (The Grey Nuns)
475:, including Atlantic Canada's only residential school, the
213:
as a candidate for the priesthood and sent him to study at
3015:"Canada: 751 unmarked graves found at residential school"
1362:
OMI residential schools in Ontario included locations in
288:(built in 1903). The boats also carried supplies for the
1403:
OMI residential schools in Quebec included locations in
1137:
graves of priests and nuns dating back to at least 1880.
492:
Mission jésuite Saint-EugÚne auprÚs des indiens Kootenai
2402:
2400:
1685:, vol. 11, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 1982
1132:, Mission (1863â1984). Its aim was to bring Indigenous
693:
language or practicing their traditional spirituality.
256:
To facilitate their mission, after his installation as
1754:
Bishop Of The Winds: Fifty Years In The Arctic Regions
3049:
Coletta, Amanda; Miller, Michael E. (June 24, 2021).
3044:
3042:
3512:. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). 17 June 2022
3160:"Church on Cowessess First Nation destroyed by fire"
2407:Angela Sterritt; Courtney Dickson (July 15, 2021).
1746:
1744:
1742:
3707:Barrera, Jorge; Fortune, Lynette (March 4, 2019).
3238:
3236:
1631:"Historical Summary", Sanctuaire Notre-Dame-du-Cap
1022:was signed and Cowessess 73 reserve formed, OMI's
761:Father Ken Thorson, Provincial, OMI Lacombe Canada
527:of the children attending the school via the Act.
3656:Pruden, Jana G.; Kirkup, Kristy (May 31, 2021).
3533:"Pope Francis offers historic apology in Canada"
3474:
3472:
3470:
3427:"Marieval (Cowessess) Indian Residential School"
3313:
3311:
3309:
3209:
3207:
3073:
3071:
2871:Page, Julia; Pindera, Loreen (18 October 2018).
2034:, vol. 1, McGill-Queen's University Press,
1589:, vol. 1, McGill-Queen's University Press,
1059:school or mission, it would revert to the band.
570:(1896â1975) conducted a medical evacuation from
3586:Deschatelets Archives--Lascelles Finding Tool 1
3154:
3152:
3126:
3124:
3122:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2632:"Priests ask taxpayers to cover cost of abuses"
2203:"Death of Most Reverend Hubert O'Connor, O.M.I"
989:
965:
745:
379:under the Government of Canada's jurisdiction.
26:, a Canadian shrine administered by the Oblates
2562:
2560:
2378:Pruden, Jana G.; Hager, Mike (July 16, 2021).
272:instructed Oblates to construct of a fleet of
236:and then worked to establish the terms of the
2483:
2481:
2021:Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
1804:
1802:
1800:
1576:Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
1506:Babych, Art; Gonzalez, Ramon (12 June 2000).
408:Residential school administration (1884â1990)
395:in protest over the honour being bestowed to
221:. Taché acted as intermediary between Riel's
8:
2967:"Truth and Reconciliation Commission Canada"
2433:Jana G. Pruden; Mike Hager (July 15, 2021).
2309:
2307:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1815:. The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
1032:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Boniface
280:consisted of at least four boats, including
2680:
2678:
2102:
2100:
2054:"SURVIVE-MIVA carries on an Oblate's dream"
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1641:Lacombe also administers OMI's missions to
1079:List of Canadian Indian residential schools
341:, Breynat accompanied treaty commissioner,
2515:"In Kamloops, Not One Body Has Been Found"
2131:Polar Winds: A Century of Flying the North
2015:
2013:
2011:
1570:
1568:
1047:Sisters of Notre Dame des Missions de Lyon
973:Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada,
929:On June 24, 2021, Chief Cadmus Delorme of
609:(CF-GTM) in February 1952 and based it in
345:, through the negotiations, and witnessed
314:, the area they served needed to be under
3138:(Report). pp. 16, 17. Archived from
1781:Pioneer Days in British Columbia Volume 2
1085:Canadian Indian residential school system
814:, a missionary of the order stationed at
656:
414:Canadian Indian residential school system
54:Canadian Indian residential school system
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1070:Fort Alexander Indian Residential School
574:, transporting Oblate Julien Cochard to
3336:The Sisters of Our Lady of the Missions
3265:White-Crummey, Arthur (June 24, 2021).
2513:Rouillard, Jacques (January 11, 2022).
2207:Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
2182:Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
2152:Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops
1956:"Church returns Order of Canada medals"
1552:
1550:
1548:
1466:
3612:
3602:
2285:Johnson, Rhiannon (20 November 2020).
2230:"Disgraced priest left legacy of pain"
1905:"The Reverend Father Michael J. Smith"
1681:Sylvain, Philippe. "Bourget, Ignace",
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1425:Shubenacadie Indian Residential School
1328:Sagkeeng First Nation (Fort Alexander)
1052:Sisters of St. Joseph of St. Hyacinthe
725:leaving the initial claim unverified.
523:of residential schools were conferred
477:Shubenacadie Indian Residential School
3742:Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
790:Request for government financial help
566:In 1938, "The Flying Priest", Oblate
32:Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
7:
3557:Taylor, Stephanie (August 2, 2022).
3405:Indigenous Saskatchewan Encyclopedia
2793:Pindera, Loreen (October 19, 2018).
1836:"The Great Provider of the missions"
1760:. New York: P. J. Kendedy & Sons
1383:St. Anne's Indian Residential School
1301:Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School
1168:St. Paul's Indian Residential School
1130:St. Mary's Indian Residential School
1036:Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School
981:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Regina
776:St. Mary's Indian Residential School
662:St. Anne's Indian Residential School
657:St. Anne's Indian Residential School
3243:Martens, Kathleen (June 24, 2021).
3133:Archdiocese of Regina Annual Report
2656:Ireton, Julie (November 24, 2021).
2129:Metcalfe-Chenail, Danielle (2014).
1990:Consolidation of Indian Legislation
1930:"The Reverend Father Anthony Sylla"
1004:Sisters of the Presentation of Mary
770:indicated that it would review the
716:, their families and communities."
469:Canadian Indian residential schools
3287:Blakley, Janelle; Ellis, Brendan.
3027:from the original on June 24, 2021
2052:Codd, Theresa (January 17, 2017).
1389:Spanish Indian Residential Schools
1152:Kootenay Indian Residential School
1141:Kamloops Indian Residential School
1010:Marieval Indian Residential School
939:Marieval Indian Residential School
768:The University of British Columbia
683:Kamloops Indian Residential School
677:Kamloops Indian Residential School
14:
3486:. Canada Broadcasting Corporation
2845:Panasuk, Anna (18 October 2018).
1954:Chin, Joseph (December 8, 2008).
1834:Dorval, André (October 6, 2017).
1809:Lamothe, Rene M.J. (April 1996).
1475:"What we do: We are Missionaries"
1295:Beauval Indian Residential School
1239:Lac La Biche Residential School,
175:. In 1845, at the request of the
3320:Archdiocese of Regina: A History
3214:Radford, Evan (March 31, 2021).
2685:Page, Julia (29 November 2017).
2630:Roberts, David (July 12, 2000).
2538:Stoodley, Chris (May 30, 2021).
2107:Magrusson, Don; Dishlevoy, Roy.
1683:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1657:"Oblates leaving another parish"
1655:Greenham, Kyle (July 25, 2019).
1091:penitential pilgrimage to Canada
822:communities of Quebec along the
626:de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
457:The Indian Advancement Act, 1884
418:In 1876, Canada established the
333:Superintendent of Indian Affairs
3683:"International Museum Day 2017"
3078:Bolan, Donald (June 24, 2021).
2604:Smith, Charlie (May 31, 2021).
2578:(Press release). Archived from
2228:Hawthorn, Tom (July 28, 2007).
2041:from the original on 2023-03-23
1751:Breynat, Gabriel (OMI) (1955).
1596:from the original on 2022-04-19
925:751 unmarked graves at Marieval
708:In a statement released by the
464:but to fulfil missionary work.
3375:"Post Offices and Postmasters"
3338:. University of Toronto Press.
3323:. Archdiocese of Regina. 1988.
1934:The Governor General of Canada
1909:The Governor General of Canada
1879:"Treaty Texts - Treaty No. 11"
1867:. University of Calgary Press.
1557:EugĂšne LeBeuf, Marcel (2011).
1350:Pine Creek School, Camperville
710:First Nations Health Authority
615:Aklavik, Northwest Territories
1:
3583:Lascelles, Thomas A. (1992).
2742:National Film Board of Canada
2711:Page, Julia (23 March 2018).
2567:Thorson, Ken (May 30, 2021).
1170:, North Vancouver (1899â1958)
843:National Film Board of Canada
490:, arrived at the site of the
2988:House, Tina (June 4, 2021).
2897:Wells, Nick (June 3, 2021).
1246:Ermineskin School, Maskwacis
728:Premier of British Columbia
600:Vicar Apostolic of Mackenzie
391:medals to the office of the
324:Vicar Apostolic of Mackenzie
318:. From 1909 to 1921, Oblate
119:Dominican University College
49:Indigenous peoples of Canada
3379:Library and Archives Canada
2819:Page, Julia (24 Nov 2020).
2340:Kamloops Residential School
1726:Manitoba Historical Society
1409:Mashteuiatsh (Pointe-Bleue)
1318:OMI residential schools in
1258:OMI residential schools in
1191:OMI residential schools in
1014:Established in 1874, after
664:was run by the OMI and the
320:Gabriel-Joseph-Elie Breynat
264:in 1890, and ordination as
147:In 1841, at the request of
3763:
3334:Bruno-Jofre, Rosa (2020).
2949:"Expression of Commitment"
2079:"Religion: Obviam Christo"
1701:Canada: A People's History
1608:"Since 1848: About U of O"
1082:
411:
393:Governor General of Canada
303:
90:Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica
24:Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica
1512:Western Catholic Reporter
1508:"Oblates face bankruptcy"
1385:, Fort Albany (1902â1976)
947:Lac Croche / Crooked Lake
670:Ontario Provincial Police
450:was amended to allow the
290:North-West Mounted Police
16:Catholic missionary group
3401:"Cowessess First Nation"
2953:Archdiocese of Vancouver
1779:Downs, Art (1975â1979).
1364:Fort Albany First Nation
1179:Christie School, Kakawis
1158:Lejac Residential School
699:ground-penetrating radar
459:, establishing that the
177:Bishop of Saint Boniface
1863:Fumoleau, Rene (2004).
1332:Pine Creek First Nation
1154:, Cranbrook (1912â1970)
1111:Kakawis (Meares Island)
919:Archbishop of Vancouver
650:Bishop of Prince George
589:Jean-Antoine Trocellier
383:Order of Canada protest
207:Alexandre-Antonin Taché
3433:. University of Regina
3431:Shattering the Silence
3407:. University of Regina
1661:Canadian Catholic News
1322:included locations in
1306:St. Michael, Duck Lake
1288:Onion Lake Cree Nation
1262:included locations in
1195:included locations in
999:
996:Chief Cadmus Delorme,
976:
931:Cowessess First Nation
841:A participant in five
764:
666:Grey Nuns of the Cross
467:A primary operator of
253:
223:provisional government
198:Red River Colony in a
183:, the Oblates went to
39:religious congregation
27:
3747:Canadian missionaries
3399:Thompson, Christian.
3084:Archdiocese of Regina
2519:The Dorchester Review
1436:Northwest Territories
1391:, Spanish (1874â1965)
1297:, Beauval (1895â1983)
979:work via part of the
531:"Flying school buses"
441:Hector-Louis Langevin
373:Northwest Territories
329:Duncan Campbell Scott
248:
161:Abitibi-TĂ©miscamingue
149:Bishop Ignace Bourget
65:Saint Paul University
22:
3537:Catholic News Agency
2610:The Georgia Straight
1612:University of Ottawa
1303:, Lebret (1884â1969)
857:Sexual abuse lawsuit
714:First Nations people
482:In 1887, missionary
473:Government of Canada
437:Bishop of St. Albert
433:Vital-Justin Grandin
343:Henry Anthony Conroy
294:Hudson's Bay Company
284:(built in 1894) and
61:University of Ottawa
59:The OMI founded the
3687:Lac La Biche Museum
3166:. November 14, 2018
3055:The Washington Post
1221:Maskwacis (Hobbema)
1213:Dunbow (High River)
1209:Wabasca (Desmarais)
956:The Washington Post
905:Records of the dead
865:In October 2018, a
756:our shared history.
619:Churchill, Manitoba
452:Governor in Council
266:Bishop of Athabaska
219:Red River Rebellion
215:College de Montreal
109:), with offices in
3662:The Globe and Mail
3563:The Globe and Mail
3220:Regina Leader-Post
3191:Regina Leader-Post
2969:. 14 December 2015
2928:Kamloops This Week
2903:The Canadian Press
2767:The Canadian Press
2636:The Globe and Mail
2576:OMI Lacombe Canada
2439:The Globe and Mail
2384:The Globe and Mail
2320:Kamloops This Week
2234:The Globe and Mail
1987:Gail Hinge (ed.).
1442:Chesterfield Inlet
910:The Canadian Press
824:St. Lawrence River
576:Chesterfield Inlet
525:legal guardianship
254:
181:Norbert Provencher
121:in Ottawa, Ontario
47:mission among the
28:
3630:Baker, Rafferty.
3185:Williams, Ethan.
3023:. June 24, 2021.
2266:on March 29, 2018
2085:. August 22, 1938
1885:. 3 November 2008
1028:Qu'Appelle Valley
985:COVID-19 pandemic
915:J. Michael Miller
893:report, Cardinal
784:Williams Lake, BC
766:On May 31, 2021,
722:RCMP "E" Division
604:Noorduyn Norseman
399:, noted Canadian
397:Henry Morgentaler
306:Numbered Treaties
230:John A. Macdonald
82:Notre-Dame-du-Cap
3754:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3653:
3647:
3646:
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3627:
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3610:
3608:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3591:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3528:
3522:
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3519:
3517:
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3495:
3493:
3491:
3476:
3465:
3464:
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3460:
3449:
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3423:
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3414:
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3389:
3387:
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3365:
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3354:
3346:
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3331:
3325:
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3315:
3304:
3303:
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3299:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3156:
3147:
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3144:
3137:
3128:
3117:
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3112:
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3095:
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3063:
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3046:
3037:
3036:
3034:
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3011:
3005:
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3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2945:
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2938:
2936:
2934:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2790:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2769:. March 30, 2018
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2702:
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2421:
2419:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2357:Globe & Mail
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2314:Favrholdt, Ken.
2311:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2262:. Archived from
2254:Barrera, Jorge.
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2017:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1960:Mississauga News
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1776:
1770:
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1765:
1759:
1748:
1737:
1736:
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1732:
1718:
1712:
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1707:
1693:
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1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
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1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1584:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1471:
1394:Sandy Bay School
1284:Sturgeon Landing
1101:British Columbia
997:
974:
813:
762:
644:In 1991, Oblate
597:
562:
557:
510:British Columbia
500:
361:TĆı̚chÇ« (Dogrib)
205:in 1845, Oblate
194:Arriving at the
185:Red River Colony
3762:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3611:
3601:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3107:. June 24, 2021
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2955:. June 2, 2021.
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2870:
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2558:
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2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2209:. July 25, 2007
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2154:. 15 March 1991
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1556:
1555:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1450:Fort Resolution
1438:
1429:Atlantic Canada
1421:
1401:
1360:
1316:
1256:
1249:Crowfoot School
1189:
1145:unmarked graves
1119:North Vancouver
1103:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1026:Mission in the
1020:Fort Qu'Appelle
1012:
998:
995:
975:
972:
941:(also known as
927:
907:
859:
847:Pierre Perrault
807:
805:Alexis_Joveneau
801:
799:Alexis Joveneau
792:
772:honorary degree
763:
760:
703:unmarked graves
679:
659:
646:Hubert O'Connor
634:
591:
580:Stinson Reliant
555:
551:
539:traveling from
533:
504:mission to the
494:
488:Nicolas Coccola
416:
410:
401:abortion rights
389:Order of Canada
385:
308:
302:
145:
43:Catholic Church
17:
12:
11:
5:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3699:
3674:
3648:
3622:
3575:
3549:
3523:
3510:rcmp-grc.gc.ca
3497:
3466:
3444:
3418:
3391:
3366:
3341:
3326:
3305:
3279:
3257:
3232:
3203:
3177:
3148:
3145:on 2020-09-26.
3118:
3096:
3067:
3038:
3006:
2980:
2958:
2940:
2915:
2889:
2863:
2837:
2811:
2780:
2754:
2729:
2703:
2674:
2648:
2622:
2596:
2556:
2530:
2505:
2477:
2466:. June 1, 2021
2451:
2425:
2396:
2370:
2344:
2332:
2303:
2277:
2246:
2220:
2194:
2165:
2136:
2121:
2096:
2070:
2044:
2007:
1972:
1946:
1921:
1896:
1870:
1848:
1826:
1796:
1789:
1771:
1738:
1713:
1688:
1673:
1647:
1634:
1623:
1599:
1564:
1524:
1491:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1446:Fort Chipewyan
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1420:
1417:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1217:Fort Vermilion
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:Fort St. James
1155:
1149:
1138:
1102:
1099:
1093:in July 2022,
1083:Main article:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1011:
1008:
993:
970:
949:) site on the
926:
923:
906:
903:
858:
855:
818:and in remote
800:
797:
791:
788:
758:
678:
675:
658:
655:
639:Douglas Crosby
633:
630:
545:Fort Chipewyan
532:
529:
409:
406:
384:
381:
301:
298:
258:Titular bishop
249:The steamboat
227:Prime Minister
144:
141:
137:
136:
122:
100:
94:Trois-RiviĂšres
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3759:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3700:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3649:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3606:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3576:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3524:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3455:. 19 May 2021
3454:
3448:
3445:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3280:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3246:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3178:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3007:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2904:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2585:on 2021-06-02
2581:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2545:
2544:Halifax Today
2541:
2534:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2359:. 28 May 2021
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2183:
2176:
2173:Doug Crosby.
2169:
2166:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2084:
2083:Time Magazine
2080:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:0-919214-68-1
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1134:Sto:lo people
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:Williams Lake
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1005:
992:
988:
986:
982:
969:
964:
962:
958:
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
924:
922:
920:
916:
911:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
887:Schefferville
884:
883:Labrador City
879:
875:
871:
868:
863:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
811:
806:
798:
796:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
757:
753:
749:
744:
741:
739:
736:
731:
726:
723:
717:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
694:
692:
691:Secwepemctsin
688:
684:
676:
674:
671:
667:
663:
654:
651:
648:(1928â2007),
647:
642:
640:
631:
629:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:
601:
595:
590:
586:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
561:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Fort McMurray
538:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
515:In 1920, the
513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
462:
458:
453:
449:
446:In 1884, the
444:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
422:
415:
407:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Ămile Grouard
267:
263:
259:
252:
247:
243:
241:
240:
235:
231:
228:
225:and Canadian
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Moose Factory
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
134:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
99:
95:
91:
88:), housed at
87:
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
73:
72:
66:
62:
57:
55:
51:
50:
44:
40:
37:
33:
25:
21:
3718:. Retrieved
3712:
3702:
3690:. Retrieved
3686:
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3661:
3651:
3639:. Retrieved
3635:
3625:
3593:. Retrieved
3585:
3578:
3566:. Retrieved
3562:
3552:
3540:. Retrieved
3536:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3509:
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3483:
3457:. Retrieved
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3430:
3421:
3409:. Retrieved
3404:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3378:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3344:
3335:
3329:
3319:
3296:. Retrieved
3292:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3223:. Retrieved
3219:
3194:. Retrieved
3190:
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3163:
3140:the original
3109:. Retrieved
3099:
3087:. Retrieved
3083:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:
3029:. Retrieved
3018:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2993:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2961:
2952:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:
2892:
2880:. Retrieved
2876:
2866:
2854:. Retrieved
2851:Radio Canada
2850:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:
2771:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2741:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2716:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2690:
2665:. Retrieved
2661:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2635:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2609:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2580:the original
2575:
2547:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2518:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2492:
2468:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2356:
2347:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:
2294:. Retrieved
2290:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:the original
2259:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2233:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2206:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2181:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2151:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2087:. Retrieved
2082:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2031:
1998:. Retrieved
1989:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1882:
1873:
1864:
1839:. Retrieved
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1811:
1780:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1753:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:
1697:"Louis Riel"
1691:
1682:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1637:
1626:
1615:. Retrieved
1602:
1586:
1558:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:
1469:
1439:
1402:
1368:Fort Frances
1361:
1317:
1260:Saskatchewan
1257:
1254:Saskatchewan
1241:Lac La Biche
1190:
1176:Alexis Creek
1104:
1095:Pope Francis
1088:
1073:
1061:
1057:
1044:
1024:Crooked Lake
1013:
1000:
990:
977:
966:
961:Donald Bolen
954:
951:Cowessess 73
935:Saskatchewan
928:
908:
895:Marc Ouellet
890:
869:
867:Radio Canada
864:
860:
850:
840:
836:
816:Unamenshipit
802:
793:
765:
754:
750:
746:
742:
727:
718:
707:
695:
680:
660:
643:
635:
623:
602:purchased a
587:
568:Paul Schulte
565:
549:Louis Bisson
534:
516:
514:
481:
466:
461:denomination
456:
447:
445:
430:
419:
417:
386:
369:Sahtu (Hare)
352:
346:
342:
336:
319:
309:
282:St. Alphonse
255:
251:St. Alphonse
250:
239:Manitoba Act
237:
193:
146:
138:
131:), based in
124:
115:Saskatchewan
102:
81:
76:
69:
58:
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