2702:
2754:
raised a week before the election, leading
Democrats Britt Singletary and Ed Ellington to both focus on attacking Williams's money haul for the last week of the campaign. Both Singletary and Ellington attacked Williams for the amount of outside money that he received in particular, with Singletary saying, " is not his own man." Other candidates tried to carve out niches to make it to the runoff. Robert Weems ran for the Republican nomination with the campaign slogan of "Vote Right, Vote White, Vote Weems". He was kicked out of his leadership position with the
38:
2626:, according to Hinson's administrative assistant. Hinson initially pleaded not guilty to a lesser misdemeanor charge of attempted sodomy. Hinson later changed his plea to "no contest" and received a 30-day suspended jail term along with a year's long probation, provided that he continued to seek medical treatment. In a March letter to Governor Winter, Hinson announced he would be resigning effective April 13, 1981. After Hinson's resignation, the election was scheduled for June 23, 1981.
229:
4975:
4942:
4909:
4876:
4828:
4771:
4731:
4691:
4651:
4618:
4585:
4552:
4516:
4418:
4370:
4337:
4304:
4271:
4216:
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3533:
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2551:
2467:, Wayne Dowdy, who reached the runoff election with him. Williams ran his campaign sticking closely to President Ronald Reagan's policies – the 4th district had backed Reagan in the 1980 presidential election. Dowdy opposed the Reagan administration's tax cuts, specifically citing its cuts to Social Security and education. Another key point in the campaign was the
91:
3108:
would shift to
Williams in a runoff ended up not coming to fruition. Williams did not concede defeat on Election night and decided to wait until the results could be confirmed with full accuracy. He conceded defeat the next afternoon at a 2PM press conference once an arithmetically accurate count had
2804:
were instructed to ask for the numbers to help purge the voter rolls of inactive voters, but the County
Election Commission failed to notify the public about the procedure. One poll worker when asked did not know why they were collecting the social security information. A District Commissioner had to
2618:
saying "it is not for me to judge" in regards to Hinson's scandal. The person Hinson was engaged in sexual activity with when arrested was
African American, and the racial component made the charge harder for Hinson to overcome in Mississippi. McLemore, who had run against Hinson as an independent in
3031:
After the first round results, Democrat Wayne Dowdy faced
Republican Liles Williams in a two-week runoff campaign. In late June, Williams had raised $ 276,514 while Dowdy had only brought in $ 115,691. Williams was seen as the favorite to win the runoff. Williams ran his campaign sticking closely to
2474:
In an upset, Williams lost to Dowdy in a closely fought runoff election by 912 votes. Dowdy successfully put together a coalition of rural whites and
African American voters. His support of the Voting Rights Act successfully mobilized African American voters in the district and was seen as being a
2753:
One of the largest issues in the first round was the amount of money the campaigns had on hand. Democrat
Michael Herring said, "I've learned that to be a viable candidate, you've got to have one speech and a lot of money to snow people on TV." Williams led the fundraising with more than $ 206,000
3282:
Liles
Williams announced his candidacy in 1982 to face Congressman Dowdy in a rematch from their special election matchup. Unlike in the special where Williams was the heavy favorite, Congressman Dowdy was viewed as the stronger contender for re-election while Reagan's numbers sagged nationally.
3044:
and education. Letters bearing Reagan's signature were sent to 85,000 of the district's
Republicans to support Williams. President Reagan made a phone call that was piped through to a Republican rally. Addressing a cheering crowd, Reagan told Williams "We're waiting for you up here and need your
3098:
won a narrow election by just 912 votes. Election turnout went past 110,000 voters for one of the largest contemporary runoff turnouts nationwide. Dowdy won with a coalition of
African Americans who supported his stance on the Voting Rights Act, along with rural white voters. Williams ran ads
2462:
After Hinson's resignation, Republican Liles Williams won a primary nominating convention and faced multiple Democrats in the first round of the campaign. Williams finished in first place but failed to reach the majority vote required to avoid a runoff. He was seen as the favorite to with the
2570:
in Washington, D.C. He admitted during an August 1980 press conference to both the charge and to being one of the survivors of the 1977 fire at Cinema Follies, a theater frequented by the LGBT community. Hinson decided to preempt his opponents from leaking the information and held the press
2778:
became a contentious issue in the campaign leading into the runoff. Where Singletary had focused extensively on tying Hinson's scandals to Williams, Dowdy was the only major candidate from either party to support the Act's extension. The other candidates in the race believed that Dowdy had
3052:, which Dowdy publicly supported keeping. Dowdy would talk about his support for the legislation in debates when pressed, and avoided talking about the issue in his television ads. However, in front of the African American community, Dowdy aggressively and publicly supported the Act.
3112:
Dowdy denied that his victory was a plebiscite on President Reagan's policies, saying that it was a "vote between two candidates" and pushed back on his race's national implications. Dowdy explained that their campaign went to "great lengths not to run against ." The Chairman of the
2571:
conference, stating, "I am not, never have been, and never will be a homosexual. I am not a homosexual. I am not a bisexual." Hinson went on to win reelection in 1980. Even though a sizable majority of the electorate opposed Hinson, the Democratic nominee Britt Singletary and
3103:
noted that rural and African American turnout was up past expectations, and felt this increase was responsible for Dowdy's win. Dowdy credited African American voters for his win, saying they were "very, very helpful". Speculation that some of Senator Ed Ellington's vote in
2762:
house party attended by neo-Nazis. Singletary tried to capitalize on his role as the Democratic nominee in the 4th congressional district from 1980, and State Senator Ed Ellington attempted to use his experience in the Mississippi Legislature as a way to make the runoff.
2805:
go on local radio stations to stop poll workers from asking for the numbers. The Election Commission and the Circuit Clerk were inundated with phone calls from irate voters throughout the day and State Senator Henry Kirksey felt that it was a violation of the
3045:
help." Dowdy criticized Williams as a "rubber stamp" for President Reagan's policies, although Dowdy avoided directly criticizing Reagan himself throughout the campaign. Dowdy instead focused on local issues and couched criticism of Reagan through that lens.
3085:
both endorsed Williams in the closing stretch of the runoff. On Election Day, voters were generally not asked for their social security number as they had been in the primary, although some voters in Hinds County were still asked for their numbers.
3283:
Dowdy was able to fend off both Williams and an independent African American challenger and comfortably won re-election by over 11,000 votes. Dowdy continued to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives until he decided to run for the open
1017:
2575:, an African American independent, evenly split the remaining vote between them and allowed Hinson to win. Hinson's vote share among white voters in the district dropped precipitously from his 1978 performance, which Mississippi reporter
1024:
1009:
2730:, at a nominating convention in April. The Democrats chose not to endorse a particular candidate in the first round. Williams emerged as the early frontrunner in the race due to his money lead and endorsements from President
5518:
1071:
1059:
1502:
1497:
1492:
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1467:
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1457:
1445:
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1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1093:
62:
52:
2787:
The results were seen as a strong win for the GOP and marked Williams as the favorite in the runoff. The extension of the Voting Rights Act was one of the main reasons why Dowdy made it through the first round.
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
671:
5270:
5513:
1475:
1450:
1403:
1353:
1151:
676:
5523:
5311:
5249:
5242:
5508:
2792:
noted that Williams ran up respectable numbers in African American precincts and was in a strong position to gain the votes needed to win. The election itself was marred by poll workers asking for
2455:
to call for a special election to be held to fill any vacancies. The election date is held 40 to 60 days after the Governor has officially sent out notice. All candidates run on one ballot, with a
2726:
decided to hold a convention to nominate one candidate, nervous that a wide field of Democrats could lock out their party from being in a runoff. They endorsed Liles Williams, a businessman from
5263:
2408:
976:
956:
846:
831:
776:
756:
741:
726:
701:
681:
661:
656:
641:
621:
611:
596:
556:
539:
522:
505:
488:
483:
471:
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436:
431:
426:
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401:
396:
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381:
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371:
366:
361:
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351:
346:
341:
336:
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321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
5204:
1000:
5419:
5231:
3699:
2509:
3120:
called the victory a repudiation of "the idea of a Solid South for Reagan." Republicans publicly attributed Williams's loss to the challenges created by Hinson's scandals.
1969:
761:
736:
691:
606:
586:
3284:
2513:
991:
986:
981:
971:
966:
961:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
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841:
836:
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821:
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771:
766:
751:
746:
731:
721:
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711:
706:
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686:
666:
651:
646:
636:
631:
626:
616:
601:
591:
5409:
5389:
566:
561:
549:
544:
532:
527:
498:
493:
476:
5299:
577:
2401:
5336:
5437:
5218:
3114:
2701:
2430:
75:
5281:
5197:
2341:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
3547:
2598:
of Mississippi threatened to start House proceedings against Hinson, and his GOP allies in Mississippi quickly withdrew support from him. U.S. Senator
5326:
2394:
5462:
3124:
reported, however, that Republicans in DC were concerned about the implications of losing a conservative House seat for the 1982 midterm elections.
2219:
2614:
among others in the state's GOP delegation and leadership called for Hinson's resignation. Democrats mostly stayed out of the fray, with Governor
2158:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
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1658:
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1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
238:
5533:
5467:
5289:
2426:
2092:
1936:
5321:
5190:
2767:
felt that Williams was a lock for first place, and that the real battle was for the second slot in the runoff to face him. Wayne Weidie with
2280:
2488:
Mississippi's 4th congressional district was created in 1841, and had consistently been held by Democrats for over a century as part of the
5477:
5294:
1945:
515:
3071:
across the 4th district, which the Williams campaign characterized as "grandstanding". The two eventually agreed to a televised debate on
3791:
5528:
5452:
5394:
1964:
1959:
1954:
510:
247:
98:
5457:
5432:
5142:
5058:
5384:
5017:
3037:
17:
5487:
5447:
5442:
5399:
5364:
3259:
3252:
3187:
3155:
2978:
2942:
2924:
2906:
2888:
2861:
2835:
2591:
2442:
2070:
2041:
1574:
204:
189:
130:
125:
5482:
5404:
5369:
5349:
5344:
3372:
3041:
1978:
3036:'s policies – the 4th district had backed Reagan in the 1980 presidential election. Dowdy opposed the Reagan administration's
5427:
5379:
5172:
5121:
5100:
5079:
1931:
1926:
1921:
2622:
Congressman Hinson admitted himself to a Washington-area hospital "for professional care, counseling, and treatment" for a
2512:
led to longer-term Republican control of the seat and cemented GOP dominance in the district for a decade. After Cochran's
5359:
5354:
2539:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
5472:
5374:
5222:
5214:
2723:
2583:
3068:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2742:
endorsed Williams two weeks out from Election Day. Labor groups in the district largely backed Democratic candidates:
2619:
1980, said, "The fact that the employee Hinson was caught with was black added insult to injury here in Mississippi."
2615:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
4317:
3958:
3585:
2132:
2102:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
2554:
Mississippi Democrats avoided making the Hinson scandals a large talking point during the 1980 election, but this
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
3316:
Early articles showed Dowdy with a 1,026 vote win, but upon certification of the results, Dowdy won by 912 votes.
3049:
2775:
2567:
2468:
1519:
4041:
3911:
3758:
4351:
3855:
2960:
2650:
2523:
In 1981, Mississippi's 4th district contained much of the Southwestern portion of the state, just South of the
2332:
1912:
220:
4711:
4566:
4497:
2705:
The 4th congressional district at the time of the election in this map is green. The district was anchored in
2437:
defeated Republican Liles Williams in the runoff by 912 votes. Dowdy replaced Republican U.S. Representative
4074:
3724:
3467:
2452:
2065:
2053:
4399:
4285:
4956:
3618:
3061:
2797:
2793:
2210:
4197:
2623:
2149:
4533:
4252:
2759:
2727:
2706:
2532:
2083:
4751:
4987:
4809:
2644:
2587:
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2271:
4632:
3428:
5182:
5027:
4599:
3654:
3340:
3077:
2607:
2572:
2493:
4857:
4672:
4005:
2750:
and both Dowdy and Britt Singletary were endorsed by the Mississippi Association of Educators.
5168:
5138:
5117:
5096:
5090:
5075:
5054:
5013:
4890:
3057:
2806:
2735:
2524:
2459:
scheduled for the first- and second-place finishers if no candidate received 50% of the vote.
5111:
4229:
4155:
3817:
3388:
3373:
https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/09/us/mississippi-loss-2-warnings-for-gop-news-analysis.html
3264:
2536:
2456:
2422:
2535:. 11 other mostly rural counties made up the rest of the district, including predominantly
5039:
4922:
2550:
2501:
2497:
2029:
3075:. In the final stretch of the campaign, Williams continued his fundraising advantage.
5502:
3514:
3236:
3033:
2731:
2611:
3105:
3053:
2801:
2755:
2739:
2689:
2675:
2599:
2528:
2505:
2747:
2433:
was held on June 23, 1981, with a runoff held two weeks later on July 6. Democrat
5162:
5132:
5069:
5048:
4974:
4941:
4908:
4875:
4827:
4770:
4730:
4690:
4650:
4617:
4584:
4551:
4515:
4417:
4369:
4336:
4303:
4270:
4215:
4173:
4092:
4059:
4023:
3977:
3929:
3873:
3835:
3776:
3743:
3672:
3636:
3603:
3532:
3486:
3446:
3406:
3359:
3162:
3117:
3095:
2868:
2743:
2640:
2603:
2489:
2448:
2434:
200:
109:
2558:
editorial cartoon notes how they were using the scandals as a political weapon.
3288:
2595:
2576:
2563:
2517:
2438:
185:
3099:
attacking labor unions, which helped drive rural white voters towards Dowdy.
97:
3145:
3912:"Candidates offer varied experience and philosophies to the 4th District"
90:
5071:
Mississippi Government and Politics: Modernizers Versus Traditionalists
3856:"Fourth Congressional district race close as June 23 election nears"
2500:
in 1965 on the back of support from Republican presidential nominee
18:
Mississippi's 4th congressional district special election, 1981
5161:
Kuzenski, John C.; Moreland, Laurence W.; Steed, Robert P. (2001).
2709:
in the Northeast and then covers the Southwest corner of the state.
2700:
2549:
2441:, who resigned from Congress following his arrest for engaging in
3072:
2813:
Mississippi's 4th congressional district special election, 1981
5519:
United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi
5186:
2771:
felt that Singletary would be the Democrat to make the runoff.
4712:"Democrat Wins Mississippi Seat in Congress with Blacks' Help"
3341:"Hinson should resign from post if charge proven, leaders say"
2655:
Britt Singletary, 1980 Democratic Nominee for the 4th district
30:
1981 Mississippi's 4th congressional district special election
4119:
4117:
5164:
Eye of the Storm: The South and Congress in an Era of Change
4104:
4102:
3307:
The Klan had a policy of not associating with Nazi groups.
2566:
was charged in 1976 with committing an obscene act at the
5113:
Race, Campaign Politics, and the Realignment in the South
3128:
Mississippi's 4th district special election runoff, 1981
2579:
felt was "probably because of the homosexual questions."
2520:
easily held the seat for Republicans in a 1978 election.
5514:
United States House of Representatives special elections
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
5050:
Mississippi Politics: The Struggle for Power, 1976-2008
4839:
4837:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4134:
4132:
2492:. Democrats held the 4th for 90 years since the end of
4286:"Williams floods 4th district during summer rainstorm"
4253:"Williams outspends Dowdy in campaign's dollar battle"
3429:"Surge in black, rural turnout put Dowdy over the top"
5524:
1981 United States House of Representatives elections
4991:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
4318:"Tuesday's runoff election to choose new Congressman"
4035:
4033:
5509:
Special elections to the 97th United States Congress
4567:"Williams gets $ 6,100 per day during 11-day period"
4196:
Putnam, Judy; Pendergrast, Loretta (June 24, 1981).
2527:. 53% of the district's registered voters came from
5418:
5335:
5310:
5280:
5230:
4673:"Dowdy sworn in; final tally shows 912-vote margin"
73:
4075:"Candidates circle wagons, attack bulging budgets"
3619:"Mississippi's Rep. Hinson Arrested On Sex Charge"
4858:"Williams delivery charges Dowdy is inconsistent"
4393:
4391:
4149:
4147:
3700:"Hinson's Memory Haunts His Mississippi District"
3648:
3646:
2796:from voters, which was heavily criticized by the
4631:Cilwick, Ted; Zimmerman, Martin (July 8, 1981).
3757:Neuman, Johanna; Treyens, Cliff (May 29, 1981).
176:
4752:"Reaganite fails to stop Mississippi Democrats"
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
3653:United Press International (February 5, 1981).
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
4633:"Turnout high, procedures smooth at precincts"
3910:Putnam, Judy; Treyens, Cliff (June 21, 1981).
3905:
3903:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3515:"Hinson didn't give up without a stout battle"
2531:, where the district reached into portions of
5198:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4382:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3698:Harris, Art; Treyens, Cliff (June 17, 1981).
3586:"Fourth District 'safe seat' for Republicans"
2402:
8:
4795:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3953:
3951:
3067:Dowdy challenged Williams to a series of 12
3056:'s niece cut a radio ad for Dowdy targeting
29:
4527:
4525:
4498:"Dowdy challenges foe to series of debates"
4352:"4th District Race Feels the Reagan Effect"
4123:
3942:
3335:
3333:
3115:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
2738:and other Republican leaders. U.S. Senator
2471:, which Dowdy publicly supported renewing.
5205:
5191:
5183:
4230:"MS District 4 - Special Election Primary"
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3382:
3380:
3126:
3048:Another key point in the campaign was the
2811:
2409:
2395:
2337:
2276:
2215:
2154:
2088:
1524:
243:
216:
28:
5068:Krane, Dale; Shaffer, Stephen D. (1992).
4534:"Williams, Dowdy set tentative TV debate"
3792:"Hinson to quit Congress, tells Governor"
2463:election against the Democratic Mayor of
5131:Busbee, Wesley Jr. (December 31, 2014).
5008:Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant (1988).
3959:"Democratic chairman raps GOP selection"
2590:on the felony charge of committing oral
2431:Mississippi's 4th congressional district
76:Mississippi's 4th congressional district
5092:Men Like That: A Southern Queer History
4156:"Williams had broad support in GOP win"
3329:
3300:
3094:In what reporters considered an upset,
2779:"completely alienated his white base".
2340:
2279:
2218:
2157:
2091:
1977:
1944:
1911:
1573:
1527:
999:
576:
246:
219:
5035:
5025:
5010:The almanac of American politics, 1984
4843:
4783:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4138:
4108:
3685:
3571:
2427:United States House of Representatives
4923:"Williams concedes, declines comment"
4042:"Thad Cochran says he backs Williams"
4006:"Cash clash ups ante in 4th District"
3759:"Hinson put on probation in sex case"
3617:Saiffen, Michael (February 5, 1981).
3235:
3132:
2817:
2800:and local residents. Poll workers in
7:
4598:The Editorial Board (July 5, 1981).
3731:. Associated Press. February 6, 1981
3655:"Official Pleads Innocent to Sodomy"
3474:. Associated Press. February 6, 1981
3347:. Associated Press. February 5, 1981
5053:. University Press of Mississippi.
4957:"Dowdy: Senate race may be my last"
4955:Stewart, Steve (November 9, 1988).
4810:"Dowdy takes seat in Capitol today"
3818:"Hinson resigns effective April 13"
3468:"More calls for Hinson resignation"
2562:Prior to his election to Congress,
2496:, until the election of Republican
181:U.S. Representative before election
5047:Nash, Jere; Taggart, Andy (2009).
4400:"Dowdy propels campaign with zest"
3816:Neuman, Johanna (March 14, 1981).
3387:Lehew, Dudley (November 4, 1964).
3040:, specifically citing its cuts to
2606:, former Mississippi GOP Chairman
1946:House of Representatives elections
25:
5089:Howard, John (October 10, 2001).
3965:. Associated Press. April 7, 1981
3854:Weidie, Wayne W. (June 4, 1981).
3584:Minor, Bill (November 16, 1980).
3389:"Prentiss Walker Now Congressman"
5074:. University of Nebraska Press.
4973:
4940:
4907:
4889:Minor, Bill (October 28, 1982).
4874:
4826:
4769:
4758:. Associated Press. July 8, 1981
4729:
4718:. Associated Press. July 8, 1981
4689:
4649:
4616:
4583:
4565:Treyens, Cliff (June 26, 1981).
4550:
4532:Treyens, Cliff (June 27, 1981).
4514:
4416:
4368:
4335:
4324:. Associated Press. July 5, 1981
4302:
4284:Treyens, Cliff (June 27, 1981).
4269:
4251:Treyens, Cliff (June 27, 1981).
4214:
4172:
4154:Treyens, Cliff (June 24, 1981).
4091:
4073:Treyens, Cliff (June 21, 1981).
4058:
4022:
4004:Treyens, Cliff (June 21, 1981).
3976:
3928:
3872:
3834:
3775:
3742:
3671:
3635:
3602:
3546:Estrada, Louie (July 26, 1995).
3531:
3513:Treyens, Cliff (June 24, 1981).
3485:
3445:
3405:
3358:
3183:
3150:
2974:
2956:
2938:
2920:
2902:
2884:
2856:
2830:
2582:In 1981, Hinson was arrested by
2514:1978 election to the U.S. Senate
227:
96:
89:
36:
5095:. University of Chicago Press.
4988:DOWDY, Charles Wayne, (1943 - )
4856:Hampton, David (May 23, 1982).
4808:Treyens, Cliff (July 9, 1981).
4350:Hampton, David (May 17, 1981).
4198:"Voters gripe at I.D. requests"
4040:Treyens, Cliff (June 9, 1981).
3427:Treyens, Cliff (July 8, 1981).
2425:to determine the member of the
5167:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4671:Putnam, Judy (July 10, 1981).
4496:Putnam, Judy (June 26, 1981).
2546:Hinson scandal and resignation
1:
5534:Mississippi special elections
4398:Putnam, Judy (July 5, 1981).
3069:Lincoln–Douglas-style debates
5219:1981 United States elections
2584:United States Capitol Police
5327:Virginia House of Delegates
4970:– via Newspapers.com.
4937:– via Newspapers.com.
4904:– via Newspapers.com.
4891:"Stronger GOP support dies"
4871:– via Newspapers.com.
4823:– via Newspapers.com.
4766:– via Newspapers.com.
4726:– via Newspapers.com.
4686:– via Newspapers.com.
4646:– via Newspapers.com.
4613:– via Newspapers.com.
4580:– via Newspapers.com.
4547:– via Newspapers.com.
4511:– via Newspapers.com.
4413:– via Newspapers.com.
4365:– via Newspapers.com.
4332:– via Newspapers.com.
4299:– via Newspapers.com.
4266:– via Newspapers.com.
4211:– via Newspapers.com.
4169:– via Newspapers.com.
4088:– via Newspapers.com.
4055:– via Newspapers.com.
4019:– via Newspapers.com.
3973:– via Newspapers.com.
3925:– via Newspapers.com.
3869:– via Newspapers.com.
3831:– via Newspapers.com.
3772:– via Newspapers.com.
3739:– via Newspapers.com.
3668:– via Newspapers.com.
3632:– via Newspapers.com.
3599:– via Newspapers.com.
3528:– via Newspapers.com.
3482:– via Newspapers.com.
3442:– via Newspapers.com.
3402:– via Newspapers.com.
3355:– via Newspapers.com.
2668:Liles Williams, businessman
2602:, Mississippi GOP Chairman
2594:. Minority U.S. House Whip
2475:key factor in his victory.
196:Elected U.S. Representative
5550:
5529:1981 Mississippi elections
3548:"Jon C. Hinson Dies at 53"
2451:'s state law requires the
1979:Attorney General elections
5137:. John Wiley & Sons.
5116:. Yale University Press.
5110:Glaser, James M. (1998).
4383:Barone & Ujifusa 1988
3251:
3222:
3205:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3064:'s legacy to vote Dowdy.
3050:Voting Rights Act of 1965
3008:
2993:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2776:Voting Rights Act of 1965
2568:Marine Corps War Memorial
2469:Voting Rights Act of 1965
174:
81:
46:
34:
4993:Retrieved June 10, 2018.
4796:Krane & Shaffer 1992
3725:"Hospital admits Hinson"
3623:The Atlanta Constitution
3287:and lost to Congressman
3285:U.S. Senate seat in 1988
221:Elections in Mississippi
4716:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
4124:Nash & Taggart 2009
3943:Nash & Taggart 2009
2794:social security numbers
2724:Mississippi Republicans
2688:Eddie McDaniel, former
2453:Governor of Mississippi
1575:Gubernatorial elections
5134:Mississippi: A History
4756:Mansfield News Journal
3790:Stickney, Ken (1981).
3083:The Jackson Daily News
3062:Martin Luther King Jr.
2798:League of Women Voters
2710:
2671:Sarah Smith, inn owner
2559:
2484:District and campaigns
1913:State Senate elections
2774:The extension of the
2704:
2674:Robert Weems, former
2624:dissociative reaction
2553:
4322:Hattiesburg American
3963:Hattiesburg American
3659:Fort Lauderdale News
3345:Hattiesburg American
2746:was endorsed by the
2707:Jackson, Mississippi
2533:Jackson, Mississippi
3945:, pp. 126–127.
3704:The Washington Post
3688:, pp. 276–277.
3552:The Washington Post
3129:
3122:The Washington Post
2929:Michael T. Herring
2814:
2769:The Political Scene
2748:Mississippi AFL–CIO
2588:Library of Congress
31:
4961:Enterprise-Journal
4929:. November 4, 1982
4927:The Clarion-Ledger
4895:Columbian-Progress
4862:The Clarion-Ledger
4814:The Clarion-Ledger
4677:The Clarion-Ledger
4637:The Clarion-Ledger
4604:The Clarion-Ledger
4600:"We back Williams"
4571:The Clarion-Ledger
4538:The Clarion-Ledger
4502:The Clarion-Ledger
4404:The Clarion-Ledger
4356:The Clarion-Ledger
4290:The Clarion-Ledger
4257:The Clarion-Ledger
4202:The Clarion-Ledger
4160:The Clarion-Ledger
4079:The Clarion-Ledger
4046:The Clarion-Ledger
4010:The Clarion-Ledger
3916:The Clarion-Ledger
3860:The Clarion-Ledger
3822:The Clarion-Ledger
3796:The New York Times
3763:The Clarion-Ledger
3729:Enterprise-Journal
3590:Enterprise-Journal
3519:The Clarion-Ledger
3472:Enterprise-Journal
3433:The Clarion-Ledger
3393:The Clarion-Ledger
3127:
3101:The Clarion-Ledger
3078:The Clarion-Ledger
2812:
2790:The Clarion-Ledger
2765:The Clarion-Ledger
2711:
2573:Leslie B. McLemore
2560:
2556:The Clarion-Ledger
239:Federal government
137:Popular vote
5496:
5495:
5395:New York City, NY
5322:New Jersey Senate
4786:, pp. 50–52.
4486:, pp. 48–49.
4462:, pp. 49–50.
4111:, pp. 47–48.
3275:
3274:
3058:African Americans
3019:
3018:
2893:Britt Singletary
2807:Voting Rights Act
2758:after going to a
2736:George H. W. Bush
2734:, Vice President
2525:Mississippi Delta
2419:
2418:
2384:
2383:
2323:
2322:
2262:
2261:
2201:
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2140:
2139:
2020:
2019:
1510:
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215:
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170:
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69:
68:
16:(Redirected from
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3356:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3147:
3130:
3109:been completed.
2947:Robert L. Weems
2815:
2697:General election
2663:Republican Party
2635:Democratic Party
2540:Claiborne County
2537:African-American
2423:special election
2411:
2404:
2397:
2338:
2277:
2216:
2155:
2089:
1525:
1520:State government
244:
231:
230:
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100:
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5414:
5410:Springfield, MA
5385:Los Angeles, CA
5331:
5313:
5306:
5276:
5233:
5226:
5211:
5181:
5175:
5160:
5156:
5154:Further reading
5151:
5145:
5130:
5124:
5109:
5103:
5088:
5082:
5067:
5061:
5046:
5034:
5024:
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4334:
4327:
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4311:
4301:
4294:
4292:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4261:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4232:. Our Campaigns
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4206:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4181:
4171:
4164:
4162:
4153:
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4090:
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4014:
4012:
4003:
4002:
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3556:
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3494:
3484:
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3466:
3465:
3454:
3444:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3414:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3280:
3192:Liles Williams
3092:
3042:Social Security
3029:
3024:
3022:Runoff election
2983:Sarah A. Smith
2965:E. L. McDaniel
2842:Liles Williams
2785:
2721:
2716:
2699:
2685:
2665:
2658:Michael Herring
2637:
2632:
2548:
2510:victory in 1972
2502:Barry Goldwater
2498:Prentiss Walker
2486:
2481:
2457:runoff election
2415:
2386:
2385:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2086:
2084:City of Jackson
2076:
2075:
2042:Flag referendum
2032:
2030:Ballot measures
2022:
2021:
1528:State elections
1522:
1512:
1511:
241:
228:
203:
198:
188:
183:
175:
164:
157:
147:
140:
115:Liles Williams
74:
42:
37:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5547:
5545:
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5511:
5501:
5500:
5494:
5493:
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5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5468:North Carolina
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5400:Pittsburgh, PA
5397:
5392:
5390:Manchester, NH
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5365:Burlington, VT
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
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5324:
5318:
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5307:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:Pennsylvania (
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5236:
5228:
5227:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5180:
5179:
5173:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:978-1118755907
5143:
5128:
5122:
5107:
5101:
5086:
5080:
5065:
5060:978-1604733570
5059:
5044:
5018:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4980:
4947:
4914:
4881:
4848:
4833:
4800:
4788:
4776:
4736:
4696:
4656:
4623:
4590:
4557:
4521:
4488:
4476:
4464:
4452:
4440:
4423:
4387:
4385:, p. 653.
4375:
4342:
4309:
4276:
4243:
4221:
4179:
4143:
4128:
4126:, p. 127.
4113:
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3879:
3841:
3808:
3782:
3749:
3716:
3690:
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3609:
3576:
3574:, p. 368.
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2984:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2784:
2781:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:Ed Ellington,
2647:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2616:William Winter
2547:
2544:
2494:Reconstruction
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1004:
1003:
997:
996:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
581:
580:
574:
573:
572:
571:
570:
569:
564:
554:
553:
552:
547:
537:
536:
535:
530:
520:
519:
518:
513:
503:
502:
501:
496:
486:
481:
480:
479:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
251:
250:
248:U.S. President
242:
237:
236:
233:
232:
224:
223:
213:
212:
209:
208:
193:
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
138:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
118:
116:
113:
106:
102:
101:
94:
87:
79:
78:
71:
70:
67:
66:
60:
55:
44:
43:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5546:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5405:St. Louis, MO
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:Cleveland, OH
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Anchorage, AK
5348:
5346:
5345:Allentown, PA
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5309:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5255:Mississippi (
5254:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5176:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5146:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5108:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5045:
5041:
5029:
5021:
5019:0-89234-031-2
5015:
5011:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4948:
4943:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4896:
4892:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4849:
4846:, p. 52.
4845:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4829:
4815:
4811:
4804:
4801:
4798:, p. 86.
4797:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4777:
4772:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4624:
4619:
4605:
4601:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4558:
4553:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4477:
4474:, p. 48.
4473:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4453:
4450:, p. 50.
4449:
4444:
4441:
4438:, p. 49.
4437:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4376:
4371:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4343:
4338:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4244:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4141:, p. 47.
4140:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3624:
3620:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:Ronald Reagan
3026:
3021:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2911:Ed Ellington
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:Ronald Reagan
2729:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:State Senator
2648:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2612:Haley Barbour
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:Initiative 65
2064:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
582:
579:
575:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
487:
485:
482:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
253:
252:
249:
245:
240:
235:
234:
226:
225:
222:
218:
207:
206:
202:
197:
194:
192:
191:
187:
182:
179:
178:
173:
163:
160:
156:
153:
152:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
77:
72:
65: →
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:←
50:
49:
45:
33:
27:
19:
5478:Pennsylvania
5380:Hartford, CT
5314:legislatures
5256:
5223:→ 1982
5215:1980 ←
5163:
5133:
5112:
5091:
5070:
5049:
5009:
4990:
4983:
4964:. Retrieved
4960:
4950:
4931:. Retrieved
4926:
4917:
4898:. Retrieved
4894:
4884:
4865:. Retrieved
4861:
4851:
4817:. Retrieved
4813:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4760:. Retrieved
4755:
4720:. Retrieved
4715:
4680:. Retrieved
4676:
4640:. Retrieved
4636:
4626:
4607:. Retrieved
4603:
4593:
4574:. Retrieved
4570:
4560:
4541:. Retrieved
4537:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4407:. Retrieved
4403:
4378:
4359:. Retrieved
4355:
4345:
4326:. Retrieved
4321:
4312:
4293:. Retrieved
4289:
4279:
4260:. Retrieved
4256:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4224:
4205:. Retrieved
4201:
4163:. Retrieved
4159:
4082:. Retrieved
4078:
4068:
4049:. Retrieved
4045:
4013:. Retrieved
4009:
3967:. Retrieved
3962:
3938:
3919:. Retrieved
3915:
3863:. Retrieved
3859:
3825:. Retrieved
3821:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:
3785:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:
3752:
3733:. Retrieved
3728:
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3703:
3693:
3681:
3662:. Retrieved
3658:
3626:. Retrieved
3622:
3612:
3593:. Retrieved
3589:
3579:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3551:
3541:
3522:. Retrieved
3518:
3476:. Retrieved
3471:
3436:. Retrieved
3432:
3396:. Retrieved
3392:
3368:
3349:. Retrieved
3344:
3312:
3303:
3281:
3255:
3214:
3209:
3206:Total votes
3178:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3121:
3111:
3106:Hinds County
3100:
3093:
3082:
3076:
3066:
3060:and invoked
3054:Medgar Evers
3047:
3030:
3002:
2997:
2994:Total votes
2879:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2802:Hinds County
2789:
2786:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2756:Ku Klux Klan
2752:
2740:Thad Cochran
2722:
2690:Ku Klux Klan
2676:Ku Klux Klan
2621:
2600:Thad Cochran
2581:
2561:
2555:
2529:Hinds County
2522:
2506:Thad Cochran
2487:
2473:
2461:
2447:
2420:
1373:
199:
195:
184:
180:
158:
141:
108:
58:July 6, 1981
57:
26:
5453:Mississippi
5360:Buffalo, NY
5355:Atlanta, GA
5036:|work=
4844:Glaser 1998
4784:Glaser 1998
4484:Glaser 1998
4472:Glaser 1998
4460:Glaser 1998
4448:Glaser 1998
4436:Glaser 1998
4139:Glaser 1998
4109:Glaser 1998
3686:Howard 2001
3572:Busbee 2014
3163:Wayne Dowdy
3118:Tony Coelho
3096:Wayne Dowdy
2961:Independent
2869:Wayne Dowdy
2744:Wayne Dowdy
2714:First round
2683:Independent
2643:, Mayor of
2641:Wayne Dowdy
2608:Wirt Yerger
2604:Clarke Reed
2490:Solid South
2449:Mississippi
2435:Wayne Dowdy
2333:Hattiesburg
2054:Amendment 1
1072:At-large sp
1060:At-large sp
578:U.S. Senate
201:Wayne Dowdy
154:Percentage
110:Wayne Dowdy
5503:Categories
5458:New Jersey
5433:California
5420:State-wide
5375:Durham, NC
5290:New Jersey
5248:Michigan (
5241:Maryland (
5174:0275971147
5123:0300077238
5102:0226354709
5081:080327758X
3324:References
3289:Trent Lott
3260:Republican
3253:Democratic
3188:Republican
3156:Democratic
3136:Candidate
3032:President
3009:Plurality
2979:Republican
2943:Republican
2925:Democratic
2907:Democratic
2889:Democratic
2862:Democratic
2836:Republican
2821:Candidate
2630:Candidates
2596:Trent Lott
2577:Bill Minor
2564:Jon Hinson
2518:Jon Hinson
2479:Background
2439:Jon Hinson
1001:U.S. House
205:Democratic
190:Republican
186:Jon Hinson
131:Republican
126:Democratic
5282:Governors
5217:)
5038:ignored (
5028:cite book
3595:August 2,
3398:March 14,
3278:Aftermath
3223:Majority
2344:elections
2283:elections
2222:elections
2211:Southaven
2161:elections
2095:elections
2071:Measure 3
1018:(Terr sp)
5488:Virginia
5463:New York
5448:Michigan
5443:Maryland
5295:Virginia
5221: (
3709:June 21,
3241:110,400
3210:110,400
3201:+10.62%
3179:+21.01%
3038:tax cuts
3027:Campaign
3003:100.00%
2719:Campaign
2150:Gulfport
105:Nominee
5483:Vermont
5438:Georgia
5300:Lt. Gov
5001:Sources
4966:June 5,
4933:June 5,
4900:June 5,
4867:June 5,
4819:June 5,
4762:June 5,
4722:June 5,
4682:June 5,
4642:June 5,
4609:June 5,
4576:June 5,
4543:June 5,
4507:June 5,
4409:June 5,
4361:June 9,
4328:June 5,
4295:June 5,
4262:June 5,
4236:June 5,
4207:June 5,
4165:May 30,
4084:June 9,
4051:June 5,
4015:May 30,
3969:June 9,
3921:May 18,
3865:June 9,
3827:May 20,
3801:May 20,
3768:June 9,
3735:May 20,
3664:May 20,
3628:May 20,
3557:June 5,
3524:June 5,
3478:May 20,
3438:June 5,
3351:May 20,
3269:21.01%
3237:Turnout
3215:100.0%
3198:49.59%
3195:54,744
3174:50.41%
3169:55,656
3090:Results
3015:17.02%
3012:14,477
2998:85,487
2917:13.38%
2914:11,441
2899:14.35%
2896:12,271
2880:26.60%
2875:22,742
2852:43.62%
2847:37,291
2783:Results
2760:Jackson
2728:Clinton
2586:at the
2342:Mayoral
2281:Mayoral
2220:Mayoral
2159:Mayoral
2093:Mayoral
977:2018 sp
957:2008 sp
847:1947 sp
832:1941 sp
777:1910 sp
757:1900 sp
742:1894 sp
727:1886 sp
702:1874 sp
682:1854 sp
677:1852 sp
672:1852 sp
662:1848 sp
657:1846 sp
642:1839 sp
627:1833 sp
622:1830 sp
612:1826 sp
597:1820 sp
86:
5428:Alaska
5337:Mayors
5271:3rd sp
5264:4th sp
5262:Ohio (
5257:4th sp
5250:4th sp
5243:5th sp
5171:
5141:
5120:
5099:
5078:
5057:
5016:
3139:Votes
3133:Party
2989:0.23%
2971:0.48%
2953:0.61%
2935:0.72%
2824:Votes
2818:Party
2692:member
2678:leader
2645:McComb
2610:, and
2592:sodomy
2465:McComb
2443:sodomy
2272:Biloxi
1476:1st sp
1451:1st sp
1404:5th sp
1374:4th sp
1354:3rd sp
1152:5th sp
165:49.59%
159:50.41%
148:54,744
142:55,656
122:Party
5312:State
5234:House
3295:Notes
3265:Swing
3258:from
3229:.08%
1472:2015
1400:1989
1370:1981
1148:1858
1014:1802
5473:Ohio
5232:U.S.
5169:ISBN
5139:ISBN
5118:ISBN
5097:ISBN
5076:ISBN
5055:ISBN
5040:help
5014:ISBN
4968:2018
4935:2018
4902:2018
4869:2018
4821:2018
4764:2018
4724:2018
4684:2018
4644:2018
4611:2018
4578:2018
4545:2018
4509:2018
4411:2018
4363:2018
4330:2018
4297:2018
4264:2018
4238:2018
4209:2018
4167:2018
4086:2018
4053:2018
4017:2018
3971:2018
3923:2018
3867:2018
3829:2018
3803:2018
3770:2018
3737:2018
3711:2018
3666:2018
3630:2018
3597:2018
3559:2018
3526:2018
3480:2018
3440:2018
3400:2019
3353:2018
3256:gain
3226:912
3081:and
3073:WAPT
2986:194
2968:413
2950:524
2932:611
2429:for
2377:2025
2372:2021
2367:2017
2362:2013
2357:2009
2352:2005
2316:2025
2311:2021
2306:2017
2301:2013
2296:2009
2291:2005
2255:2025
2250:2021
2245:2017
2240:2013
2235:2009
2230:2005
2194:2025
2189:2021
2184:2017
2179:2013
2174:2009
2169:2005
2133:2025
2128:2021
2123:2017
2118:2014
2113:2013
2108:2009
2103:2005
2060:2020
2048:2004
2036:2001
2013:2023
2008:2019
2003:2015
1998:2011
1993:2007
1988:2003
1970:2023
1965:2019
1960:2015
1955:2011
1937:2023
1932:2019
1927:2015
1922:2011
1904:2027
1899:2023
1894:2019
1889:2015
1884:2011
1879:2007
1874:2003
1869:1999
1864:1995
1859:1991
1854:1987
1849:1983
1844:1979
1839:1975
1834:1971
1829:1967
1824:1963
1819:1959
1814:1955
1809:1951
1804:1947
1799:1943
1794:1939
1789:1935
1784:1931
1779:1927
1774:1923
1769:1919
1764:1915
1759:1911
1754:1907
1749:1903
1744:1899
1739:1895
1734:1889
1729:1885
1724:1881
1719:1877
1714:1873
1709:1869
1704:1865
1699:1863
1694:1861
1689:1859
1684:1857
1679:1855
1674:1853
1669:1851
1664:1849
1659:1847
1654:1845
1649:1843
1644:1841
1639:1839
1634:1837
1629:1835
1624:1833
1619:1831
1614:1829
1609:1827
1604:1825
1599:1823
1594:1821
1589:1819
1584:1817
1566:2023
1561:2020
1556:2019
1551:2015
1546:2011
1541:2007
1536:2003
1503:2024
1498:2022
1493:2020
1488:2018
1483:2016
1468:2014
1463:2012
1458:2010
1446:2008
1441:2006
1436:2004
1431:1998
1426:1996
1421:1994
1416:1992
1411:1990
1396:1988
1391:1986
1386:1984
1381:1982
1366:1980
1361:1972
1349:1968
1344:1962
1339:1956
1334:1950
1329:1946
1324:1942
1319:1940
1314:1934
1309:1932
1304:1928
1299:1924
1294:1920
1289:1916
1284:1914
1279:1912
1274:1910
1269:1908
1264:1906
1259:1904
1254:1902
1249:1900
1244:1898
1239:1896
1234:1894
1229:1892
1224:1890
1219:1888
1214:1886
1209:1884
1204:1882
1199:1880
1194:1878
1189:1876
1184:1874
1179:1872
1174:1869
1169:1868
1164:1865
1159:1859
1144:1857
1139:1855
1134:1853
1129:1851
1124:1849
1119:1847
1114:1845
1109:1843
1104:1841
1099:1839
1094:1837
1089:1835
1084:1832
1079:1830
1067:1828
1055:1826
1050:1824
1045:1822
1040:1820
1035:1819
1030:1817
1025:1806
1010:1801
992:2026
987:2024
982:2020
972:2018
967:2014
962:2012
952:2008
947:2006
942:2002
937:2000
932:1996
927:1994
922:1990
917:1988
912:1984
907:1982
902:1978
897:1976
892:1972
887:1970
882:1966
877:1964
872:1960
867:1958
862:1954
857:1952
852:1948
842:1946
837:1942
827:1940
822:1936
817:1934
812:1930
807:1928
802:1924
797:1922
792:1918
787:1916
782:1912
772:1908
767:1906
762:1904
752:1900
747:1899
737:1892
732:1889
722:1886
717:1883
712:1880
707:1876
697:1874
692:1870
687:1859
667:1850
652:1844
647:1841
637:1838
632:1835
617:1828
607:1823
602:1823
592:1820
587:1817
557:2024
540:2020
523:2016
506:2012
489:2008
484:2004
472:2000
467:1996
462:1992
457:1988
452:1984
447:1980
442:1976
437:1972
432:1968
427:1964
422:1960
417:1956
412:1952
407:1948
402:1944
397:1940
392:1936
387:1932
382:1928
377:1924
372:1920
367:1916
362:1912
357:1908
352:1904
347:1900
342:1896
337:1892
332:1888
327:1884
322:1880
317:1876
312:1872
307:1860
302:1856
297:1852
292:1848
287:1844
282:1840
277:1836
272:1832
267:1828
262:1824
257:1820
63:1982
53:1980
2508:'s
567:Rep
562:Dem
550:Rep
545:Dem
533:Rep
528:Dem
516:Rep
511:Dem
499:Rep
494:Dem
477:Dem
5505::
5032::
5030:}}
5026:{{
5012:.
4959:.
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