994:
1075:
867:
966:
531:
978:
1006:
66:
456:, with southern elephant seal bulls typically reaching a length of 5 m (16 ft) and a weight of 3,000 kg (7,000 lb), and are much larger than the adult females (cows), with some exceptionally large males reaching up to 6 m (20 ft) in length and weighing 4,000 kg (9,000 lb); cows typically measure about 3 m (10 ft) and 900 kg (2,000 lb). Northern elephant seal bulls reach a length of 4.3 to 4.8 m (14 to 16 ft) and the heaviest weigh about 2,500 kg (5,500 lb).
575:
9541:
1060:
510:
1033:
1021:
737:. Instead they sleep deeply for a little less than 20 minutes at the time while sinking through the water to depths that has been measured to 377 meters. When being near the continental shelf, where the ocean is less deep, they will often reach bottom, which sometimes wakes them up. But more often they continue to sleep on the seabed. On average, they get about two hours of sleep a day over a period of seven months, which is among the lowest amount of sleep of any mammal.
596:
87:
1048:
49:
8986:
8999:
950:, fishery interactions, and boat collisions. Though a complete population count of elephant seals is not possible because all age classes are not ashore at the same time, a 2005 study of the California breeding stock estimated approximately 124,000 individuals. The animal is protected in most countries where it lives. In Mexico, the northern elephant seal is protected in the
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646:
814:
a pronounced long nose, in addition to a chest shield, which is thickened skin in their chest area. They display their dominance by showing their noses, making loud vocalisations, and altering their postures. They fight each other by raising themselves and ramming each other with their chests and teeth.
817:
By the time females arrive, each dominating male has already established his territory on the beach. Females cluster in groups called harems, which consist of up to 50 females surrounding one alpha male. Outside of these groups, a beta bull is normally roaming around on the beach. The beta bull helps
813:
Males arrive at potential breeding sites in spring, and fast to ensure that they can mate with as many females as possible. Male elephant seals use fighting, vocalisations, and different positions to determine the dominant males. By the time males reach eight to nine years of age, they have developed
804:
Due to evolutionary changes, their ear has been modified to work extremely well underwater. The structure of the inner ear helps amplify incoming sounds, and allows these seals to have good directional hearing due to the isolation of the inner ear. In addition to these adaptations, tissues in the ear
459:
The northern and southern elephant seal can be distinguished by various external features. On average, the southern elephant seal tends to be larger than the northern species. Adult male elephant seals belonging to the northern species tend to have a larger proboscis, and thick chest area with a red
841:
Females begin breeding at age 3–6, and have one pup per breeding attempt. Most adult females breed each year. Breeding success is much lower for first-time mothers relative to experienced breeders. Annual survival probability of adult females is 0.83 for experienced breeding females, but only 0.66
657:
mammal. Elephant seals dive to 1,550 m (5,090 ft) beneath the ocean's surface (the deepest recorded dive of an elephant seal is 2,388 m (7,835 ft) by a southern elephant seal, while the record for the northern elephant seal is 1,735 m (5,692 ft)). The average depth of
878:
where they shed the outer layer of hair and skin. This molting process takes up to a month to complete. When it comes time to molt, they will haul out on land to shed their outer layer, and will not consume any food during this time. The females and juveniles will molt first, followed by the sub
821:
Birth on average only takes a few minutes, and the mother and pup have a connection due to each other's unique smell and sound. The mothers will fast and nurse up to 28 days, providing their pups with rich milk. The last two to three days, however, females will be ready to mate, and the dominant
690:
857:
regions where they are less likely to find prey, but also less likely to be preyed upon. They employ these different strategies because females are smaller, requiring less food, and it is also most important for them to have as many breeding seasons as possible in order to maximize reproductive
789:
Their body is covered in blubber, which helps them keep warm and reduce drag while they are swimming. The shape of their body also helps them maneuver well in the water, but limits their movement on land. Also, elephant seals have the ability to fast for long periods of time while breeding or
424:
Elephant seals spend the majority of their life (90%) underwater in search of food, and can cover 100 kilometres (60 miles) a day when they head out to sea. When elephant seals are born, they can weigh up to 36 kilograms (79 pounds) and reach lengths up to 122 cm (4 ft 0 in).
417:(true seals) are characterized by having no external ear and reduced limbs. The reduction of their limbs helps them be more streamlined and move easily in the water. However, it makes navigating on land more difficult because they cannot turn their hind flippers forward to walk like the
1946:
Robinson PW, Costa DP, Crocker DE, Gallo-Reynoso JP, Champagne CD, Fowler MA, Goetsch C, Goetz KT, Hassrick JL, Hückstädt LA, Kuhn CE, Maresh JL, Maxwell SM, McDonald BI, Peterson SH, Simmons SE, Teutschel NM, Villegas-Amtmann S, Yoda K (15 May 2012).
460:
coloration compared to the southern species. Females do not have the large proboscis and can be distinguished between species by looking at their nose characteristics. Southern females tend to have a smaller, blunt nose compared to northern females.
282:), were hunted to the brink of extinction for oil by the end of the 19th century, but their numbers have since recovered. They can weigh up to 4,000 kilograms (8,800 lb). Despite their name, elephant seals are not closely related to
449:, filled with cavities that reabsorb moisture from their exhalations. This is important during the mating season when the seals do not leave the beach to feed, and must conserve body moisture as there is no incoming source of water.
695:
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of the adult male (bull), reminiscent of an elephant's trunk, and considered a secondary sexual characteristic. The bull's proboscis is used in producing extraordinarily loud roaring noises, especially during the
834:
The average lifespan of a northern elephant seal is 9 years, while the average lifespan of a southern elephant seal is 21 years. Males reach maturity at five to six years, but generally do not achieve
694:
1005:
711:
in large patches. The skin has to be regrown by blood vessels reaching through the blubber. When molting occurs, the seal is susceptible to the cold, and must rest on land, in a safe place called a "
658:
their dives is about 300 to 600 m (1,000 to 2,000 ft), typically for around 20 minutes for females and 60 minutes for males, as they search for their favorite foods, which are
977:
858:
success. On the other hand, males can adopt a riskier strategy in the hopes of gaining as much mass as possible, and thus being able to have one extremely successful breeding season.
1074:
794:, is very beneficial when these seals are fasting, breeding, molting, or hauling out. This unique nasal structure recycles moisture when they breathe and helps prevent water loss.
838:
status until the age of eight, with the prime breeding years being between ages 9 and 12. The longest life expectancy of a male northern elephant seal is approximately 14 years.
826:
period for females is 11 months, and the pupping seasons lasts from mid to late summer. The new pups will spend up to 10 additional weeks on land learning how to swim and dive.
993:
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the alpha by preventing other males accessing the females. In return, the beta bull might have an opportunity to mate with one of the females while the alpha is occupied.
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compared to other mammals. After an initially lower state, it rises to over 50% milkfat (human breast milk is about 4% milkfat, and cow milk is about 3.5% milkfat).
9731:
759:
are organized in a way to maintain a constant body temperature by having the cool blood flowing to the heart warmed by blood going to external areas of the animal.
413:
classified under the order
Pinnipedia, which, in Latin, means feather- or fin-footed. Elephant seals are considered true seals, and fall under the family Phocidae.
939:
801:
to help them locate prey and navigate their environment. The vibrissae are connected to blood vessels, nerves, and muscles making them an important sensing tool.
1159:
Boessenecker, RW; Churchill, M (2016). "The origin of elephant seals: implications of a fragmentary late
Pliocene seal (Phocidae: Miroungini) from New Zealand".
9770:
691:
744:) and divert blood flow from the external areas of the body to important core organs. They can also slow down their metabolism while performing deep dives.
1330:
Rule, James P.; Adams, Justin W.; Marx, Felix G.; Evans, Alistair R.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul; Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (11 November 2020).
965:
2035:
686:. They spend only brief amounts of time at the surface to rest between dives (2–3 minutes). Females tend to dive a bit deeper due to their prey source.
2023:
1949:"Foraging behavior and success of a mesopelagic predator in the northeast Pacific Ocean: insights from a data-rich species, the northern elephant seal"
718:
Elephant seals have a very large volume of blood, allowing them to hold a large amount of oxygen for use when diving. They have large sinuses in their
1679:
2501:
2089:
9705:
8032:
1438:
The Animal
Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron (G) Cuvier, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others
9852:
9744:
1776:
2006:
1772:
2237:"Trade-offs between foraging reward and mortality risk drive sex-specific foraging strategies in sexually dimorphic northern elephant seals"
1020:
1452:
1263:
Rule, James P.; Adams, Justin W.; Rovinsky, Douglass S.; Hocking, David P.; Evans, Alistair R.; Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (November 2020).
842:
for first-time breeders indicating a significant cost of reproduction. More male pups are produced than female pups in years with warmer
653:
Elephant seals spend up to 80% of their lives in the ocean. They can hold their breath for more than 100 minutes – longer than any other
2528:
2490:
348:
The oldest known unambiguous elephant seal fossils are fragmentary fossils of a member of the tribe
Miroungini described from the late
1032:
951:
334:
2383:
2113:
Huber, Harriet R. (1 June 1987). "Natality and weaning success in relation to age of first reproduction in northern elephant seals".
3898:
1602:
9540:
1680:"Elephant Seal, Elephant Seal Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News – National Geographic"
715:". Northern males and young adults haul out during June to July to molt; northern females and immature seals during April to May.
9819:
302:
2430:
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males will pounce on the opportunity. Males and females lose up to a third of their body weight during the breeding season. The
4242:
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342:
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than cones to help them see in low light conditions when they are diving. These seals also possess a structure called the
8025:
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1099:
866:
1047:
9757:
9666:
9653:
3654:
2094:
849:
Females and males utilize different feeding strategies in order to maximize their reproductive success. Males feed in
421:. In addition, the hind flippers of elephant seals have a lot of surface area, which helps propel them in the water.
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2334:
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1921:
86:
7835:
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3503:
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530:
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363:
epoch; however, Boessenecker and
Churchill (2016) considered these teeth almost certainly to be misidentified
2235:
Kienle, Sarah S.; Friedlaender, Ari S.; Crocker, Daniel E.; Mehta, Rita S.; Costa, Daniel P. (January 2022).
2042:
9506:
8018:
7497:
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6209:
5902:
5837:
5219:
4795:
4268:
3790:
2521:
843:
517:
65:
8985:
1683:
730:. These adaptations allow elephant seals to dive to such depths and remain underwater for up to two hours.
370:
Elephant seals breed annually and are seemingly habitual to colonies that have established breeding areas.
9593:
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7473:
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7162:
6774:
6756:
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6269:
5911:
4649:
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2099:
509:
310:
275:
267:
235:
228:
74:
57:
8998:
1381:
De Bruyn, Mark; Hall, Brenda L.; Chauke, Lucas F.; Baroni, Carlo; Koch, Paul L.; Hoelzel, A. Rus (2009).
9806:
7898:
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7135:
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6602:
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5965:
4735:
4717:
4666:
4604:
4586:
4577:
4514:
4463:
4292:
2729:
1707:"The contribution of nasal countercurrent heat exchange to water balance in the northern elephant seal,
619:
574:
554:
9671:
5920:
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4301:
2401:
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is extreme, with male elephant seals weighing up to 10 times more than females, and having a prominent
352:
301:
coast of the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The most northerly breeding location on the
Pacific Coast is at
9824:
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9692:
9640:
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7739:
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7313:
6824:
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4595:
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3724:
3459:
3285:
2248:
1960:
1875:
1276:
1168:
1094:
291:
8630:
8753:
8640:
8562:
8293:
8283:
7979:
7925:
7697:
7144:
7030:
7012:
6857:
6706:
6611:
5861:
5807:
5556:
5298:
5289:
4553:
3826:
3808:
3663:
3512:
3015:
2155:"Effects of environmental variability and breeding experience on northern elephant seal demography"
2010:
326:
314:
9448:
9438:
9381:
9297:
8459:
8372:
8163:
7358:
5049:
782:, which helps their vision by having light reflected back to the retina to allow more chances for
9362:
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9188:
8713:
8673:
8499:
8489:
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3006:
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2619:
2514:
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1184:
900:
896:
783:
81:
9492:
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8439:
8415:
8200:
3781:
1129:
367:(odontocete) teeth. The elephant seals evolved in the Pacific Ocean during the Pliocene period.
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9419:
8992:
8904:
8177:
805:
canal allow the pressure in the ear to be adjusted while these seals perform their deep dives.
9847:
9793:
9736:
9679:
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9466:
9371:
9061:
8813:
8743:
8693:
8221:
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7590:
7370:
6866:
6833:
5757:
5264:
4986:
4768:
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4496:
4380:
3733:
3563:
3521:
3468:
3248:
3230:
2988:
2284:
2266:
2217:
2176:
2130:
1988:
1903:
1732:
1608:
1598:
1414:
1363:
1332:"First monk seal from the Southern Hemisphere rewrites the evolutionary history of true seals"
1312:
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426:
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3339:
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1978:
1968:
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479:
378:
322:
306:
209:
192:
31:
1236:
Berta, A.; Churchill, M. (2012). "Pinniped
Taxonomy: evidence for species and subspecies".
853:
regions with more abundant food sources, but also more abundant predators. Females feed in
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3312:
3239:
2933:
2738:
2672:
2649:
2485:
1202:
779:
5210:
3197:
1011:
Northern elephant seals during molting season at
Piedras Blancas beach, near San Simeon,
297:
The northern elephant seal, somewhat smaller than its southern relative, ranges over the
2252:
1964:
1879:
1280:
1172:
726:
concentrations in muscle. In addition, they have a larger proportion of oxygen-carrying
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4631:
4613:
4544:
4155:
4146:
3748:
3709:
2663:
2575:
2279:
2236:
2024:
Sleeping elephant seals fall through ocean's depths, and some even nap on the sea floor
1983:
1948:
1898:
1857:
1409:
1382:
1358:
1331:
1307:
1264:
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3482:
3075:
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1188:
947:
943:
892:
748:
364:
318:
1597:. Friends of the Elephant Seal. San Luis Obispo, Calif.: Central Coast Press. 1999.
1591:
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870:
Warning sign seen in South Africa to protect molting seals while hauling out on land
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5237:
5109:
4568:
3969:
3932:
3817:
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3212:
3158:
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2402:"NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL (Mirounga angustirostris) : California Breeding Stock"
1109:
919:
854:
850:
659:
414:
254:
201:
161:
9684:
1802:
1383:"Rapid Response of a Marine Mammal Species to Holocene Climate and Habitat Change"
1180:
355:
of New
Zealand. Teeth originally identified as representing an unnamed species of
48:
9645:
2070:
Laws, R (1956). "The
Elephant Seal: General, Social, and Reproductive Behavior".
1973:
1888:
1399:
325:, and on the coasts of New Zealand, Tasmania, South Africa, and Argentina in the
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2710:
1856:
Gregory S. Schorr; Erin A. Falcone; David J. Moretti; Russel D. Andrews (2014).
1104:
911:
741:
712:
2196:"North Pacific Climate Mediates Offspring Sex Ratio in Northern Elephant Seals"
1828:
733:
Unlike some other marine mammals, such as dolphins, elephant seals do not have
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1458:. Australian Government, Department of Agriculture, Water, and the Environment
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2154:
1612:
888:
823:
723:
671:
437:
430:
390:
329:. In southern Chile, there is a small colony of 120 animals at Jackson Bay (
138:
98:
2506:
2288:
1992:
1907:
1829:"Southern Elephant Seals of Sea Lion Island – A Long-term Research Project"
1418:
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1348:
1316:
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to hold blood and can also store oxygen in their muscles with increased
17:
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218:
1922:"Census of Marine Life – From the Edge of Darkness to the Black Abyss"
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128:
108:
30:"Sea elephant" redirects here. For the superfamily of sea slugs, see
9587:
2126:
1209:(1997). "Cainozoic mammals from coastal Namaqualand, South Africa".
747:
Elephant seals have a helpful feature in their bodies known as the
8894:
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6815:
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258:
1858:"First long-term behavioral records from Cuvier's beaked whales (
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5384:
3057:
2789:
756:
9591:
9556:
9014:
8098:
8014:
6919:
6376:
5680:
4832:
3967:
3408:
2588:
2510:
1453:"Conservation Advice: Mirounga leonina, southern elephant seal"
751:
to help conserve energy and prevent heat loss. In this system,
9697:
5357:
4966:
3294:
2463:
954:
where it was rediscovered after being believed to be extinct.
675:
445:
season. More importantly, however, the nose acts as a sort of
1265:"A new large-bodied Pliocene seal with unusual cutting teeth"
1649:
Thewissen, Würsig, and Perrin, J.M., B.G., and W.F. (2009).
703:
Elephant seals are shielded from extreme cold more by their
1451:
Threatened Species Scientific Committee (7 December 2016).
401:. However, it is not known which language this represents.
2468:
946:, although they are still threatened by entanglement in
874:
Once a year, elephant seals go through a process called
1440:. Vol. 5. Printed for G.B. Whittaker. p. 180.
1336:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
983:
Northern elephant seals on Piedras Blancas beach, near
774:
Elephant seals have large circular eyes that have more
397:, which is said to have been a term for the seal in an
762:
Milk produced by elephant seals is remarkably high in
2384:"Antarctica's Milk-Stealing, Grudge-Holding Seabirds"
9488:
9444:
9434:
9404:
9377:
9338:
9303:
9293:
9283:
9273:
9256:
9218:
9194:
9184:
9174:
9164:
9154:
9144:
9134:
9124:
9114:
9104:
9094:
9084:
9028:
8910:
8900:
8876:
8852:
8842:
8819:
8809:
8779:
8749:
8739:
8729:
8719:
8709:
8699:
8689:
8679:
8669:
8636:
8626:
8616:
8578:
8568:
8558:
8548:
8518:
8495:
8485:
8475:
8465:
8455:
8445:
8435:
8411:
8401:
8391:
8368:
8339:
8299:
8289:
8279:
8250:
8188:
8116:
2431:"Once nearly extinct, Elephant seals staking claims"
2352:"Feral cats steal milk from northern Elephant Seals"
2316:
Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
9600:
9465:
9418:
9391:
9361:
9352:
9325:
9247:
9217:
9208:
9071:
9027:
8943:
8833:
8793:
8763:
8654:
8539:
8509:
8382:
8353:
8324:
8313:
8264:
8235:
8187:
8115:
7816:
7765:
7756:
7710:
7686:
7653:
7612:
7561:
7527:
7486:
7445:
7428:
7383:
7357:
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7249:
7225:
7201:
7175:
7098:
7043:
7001:
6984:
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6932:
6887:
6846:
6813:
6796:
6737:
6687:
6654:
6628:
6565:
6524:
6491:
6432:
6411:
6389:
6291:
6250:
6222:
6188:
6171:
6121:
6088:
6044:
6001:
5982:
5891:
5850:
5796:
5770:
5746:
5718:
5696:
5640:
5613:
5604:
5545:
5510:
5486:
5462:
5447:
5436:
5337:
5278:
5263:
5190:
5140:
5108:
5093:
4956:
4923:
4897:
4864:
4848:
4748:
4706:
4566:
4531:
4476:
4443:
4393:
4352:
4343:
4322:
4281:
4231:
4205:
4168:
4133:
4116:
4100:
4064:
4023:
3999:
3984:
3931:
3746:
3707:
3698:
3643:
3602:
3584:
3534:
3481:
3432:
3421:
3372:
3274:
3210:
3184:
3156:
3115:
3106:
3055:
2968:
2931:
2905:
2868:
2844:
2835:
2819:
2751:
2718:
2709:
2689:
2647:
2636:
2604:
2496:
Teen Spots Hagfish-Slurping Elephant Seal – YouTube
2041:. Coastside State Parks Association. Archived from
1705:Huntley, A. C.; Costa, D. P.; Rubin, R. D. (1984).
1590:
1065:Dominant southern elephant seal bulls fighting at
682:and large fish. Their stomachs also often contain
359:have been found in South Africa, and dated to the
879:adult males, and finally the large mature males.
707:than by fur. Their hair and outer layers of skin
1682:. Animals.nationalgeographic.com. Archived from
1130:"WCS Chile > Especies > Elefantes marinos"
942:lists both species of elephant seal as being of
2312:"Cleaner birds: an overview for the Neotropics"
1434:"Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia"
790:molting. The turbinate process, another unique
436:Elephant seals take their name from the large
8026:
2522:
1161:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
797:Elephant seals have external whiskers called
313:. The southern elephant seal is found in the
8:
2459:Tagging of Pacific Predators, Elephant Seals
1663:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1080:Northern elephant seals at Piedras Blancas,
740:They are able to slow down their heartbeat (
2194:Lee, Derek E.; Sydeman, William J. (2009).
2090:"Elephant Seals | National Geographic"
999:Northern elephant seal male, female and pup
9588:
9553:
9397:
9358:
9331:
9214:
9077:
9024:
9011:
8940:
8662:
8361:
8332:
8321:
8272:
8243:
8112:
8108:
8095:
8033:
8019:
8011:
7762:
7541:
7442:
7363:
7354:
7181:
6998:
6940:
6929:
6916:
6810:
6634:
6429:
6386:
6373:
6305:
6202:
6185:
6050:
6015:
5998:
5776:
5743:
5693:
5677:
5610:
5516:
5459:
5444:
5275:
5120:
5105:
4903:
4861:
4845:
4829:
4537:
4349:
4340:
4211:
4139:
4130:
4113:
4035:
3996:
3981:
3977:
3964:
3928:
3704:
3614:
3599:
3581:
3487:
3429:
3418:
3405:
3190:
3112:
2911:
2841:
2832:
2715:
2706:
2702:
2686:
2644:
2633:
2612:
2601:
2585:
2529:
2515:
2507:
1796:
1794:
926:have been reported to steal milk from the
64:
47:
38:
2367:
2278:
2260:
2211:
2170:
1982:
1972:
1897:
1887:
1726:
1408:
1398:
1357:
1347:
1306:
1288:
1026:Two northern elephant seal bulls fighting
1498:Princeton Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
467:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1121:
961:
2479:Dr. Daniel Costa's Research Laboratory
2474:Elephant seals -California State Parks
2009:. Classroom Antarctica. Archived from
1656:
1618:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
699:Male elephant seals fighting for mates
2148:
2146:
2144:
2065:
2063:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
501:IUCN status and estimated population
452:They are very much larger than other
7:
9786:4e3844f6-1b71-4cd8-a677-3dd7327a0510
2502:Elephant Seals - National Geographic
2491:Elephant Seals at Race Rocks, Canada
2429:Krieger, Lisa M. (20 January 2024).
2072:Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey
3899:South African small-spotted genet (
2036:"Northern Elephant Seal Fact Sheet"
1801:Amos, Jonathan (21 February 2006).
846:in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
952:Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve
25:
4243:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
1803:"Elephant seals dive for science"
1775:. Encarta.msn.com. Archived from
649:Skull of a northern elephant seal
9539:
8997:
8991:
8984:
1250:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x
1073:
1058:
1046:
1031:
1019:
1004:
992:
976:
964:
903:can take bites from their skin.
594:
573:
529:
508:
303:Race Rocks Marine Protected Area
85:
1862:) reveal record-breaking dives"
1715:Journal of Experimental Biology
1053:Juvenile southern elephant seal
492:Scientific name and subspecies
343:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
9853:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
9573:List of fossil pinnipedimorphs
1651:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
735:unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
399:Australian Aboriginal language
1:
3655:Malabar large-spotted civet (
2153:Lee, Derek E. (9 June 2011).
2098:. 10 May 2011. Archived from
1773:"Elephant Seal – MSN Encarta"
1500:. Princeton University Press.
1181:10.1080/00288306.2016.1199437
749:countercurrent heat exchanger
286:, and the large proboscis or
7917:Indonesian mountain weasel (
7573:North American river otter (
6461:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
3515:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
2469:Elephant Seal Research Group
2464:Friends of the Elephant seal
1974:10.1371/journal.pone.0036728
1889:10.1371/journal.pone.0092633
1653:. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
1400:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000554
1038:Male northern elephant seal
464:Extant species distributions
4778:Somalian slender mongoose (
2115:Canadian Journal of Zoology
2095:National Geographic Society
1753:. Parks.ca.gov. 23 May 2007
341:) on the southern coast of
253:are very large, oceangoing
27:Genus of aquatic carnivores
9869:
7731:Asian small-clawed otter (
6470:American hog-nosed skunk (
6452:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
4760:Angolan slender mongoose (
4455:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
3504:Small-toothed palm civet (
2241:Royal Society Open Science
1432:Gray, John Edward (1827).
1269:Royal Society Open Science
385:in 1827. The generic name
29:
9563:
9552:
9537:
9400:
9334:
9080:
9023:
9010:
8981:
8939:
8665:
8364:
8335:
8275:
8246:
8111:
8107:
8094:
8050:
7636:
7544:
7498:Saharan striped polecat (
7469:
7366:
7184:
6943:
6928:
6915:
6637:
6479:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
6385:
6372:
6308:
6210:Mediterranean monk seal (
6205:
6053:
6018:
5939:Juan Fernández fur seal (
5903:South American fur seal (
5874:
5838:South American sea lion (
5833:
5779:
5692:
5676:
5519:
5311:
5220:South American gray fox (
5164:
5123:
4906:
4844:
4828:
4796:Common slender mongoose (
4662:
4540:
4426:
4376:
4269:Narrow-striped mongoose (
4264:
4214:
4142:
4038:
3980:
3976:
3963:
3927:
3791:Crested servaline genet (
3617:
3580:
3490:
3417:
3404:
3193:
3139:
2914:
2705:
2685:
2632:
2615:
2600:
2584:
2546:
2336:Antarctic birds and seals
1496:Macdonald, David (2009).
1436:. In Baron Cuvier (ed.).
570:
505:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
305:, at the southern tip of
224:
217:
207:
200:
82:Scientific classification
80:
72:
63:
55:
46:
41:
7854:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
7722:African clawless otter (
7474:African striped weasel (
7287:Yellow-throated marten (
7163:Formosan ferret-badger (
6867:Western mountain coati (
6858:Eastern mountain coati (
6775:Western lowland olingo (
6757:Eastern lowland olingo (
6585:Southern spotted skunk (
6279:Southern elephant seal (
6270:Northern elephant seal (
6060:Pagophilus groenlandicus
4837:("dog-like" carnivorans)
4650:Stripe-necked mongoose (
4271:Mungotictis decemlineata
3146:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
2593:("cat-like" carnivorans)
2409:Media.fisheries.noaa.gov
7899:Yellow-bellied weasel (
7154:Burmese ferret-badger (
7136:Chinese ferret-badger (
7127:Bornean ferret badger (
7118:Vietnam ferret-badger (
6603:Eastern spotted skunk (
6594:Western spotted skunk (
6324:Leptonychotes weddellii
5966:Subantarctic fur seal (
5912:Australasian fur seal (
4736:Black-footed mongoose (
4718:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
4667:White-tailed mongoose (
4605:Indian brown mongoose (
4587:Short-tailed mongoose (
4578:Small Indian mongoose (
4515:Flat-headed kusimanse (
4488:Alexander's kusimanse (
4464:Common dwarf mongoose (
4431:Pousargues's mongoose (
4293:Brown-tailed mongoose (
4252:Grandidier's mongoose (
3506:Arctogalidia trivirgata
2730:Sunda clouded leopard (
2213:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-130.1
2172:10.1644/10-MAMM-A-042.1
1709:Mirounga angustirostris
1211:Palaeontologia Africana
844:sea surface temperature
571:Southern elephant seal
518:Mirounga angustirostris
506:Northern elephant seal
75:southern elephant seals
58:northern elephant seals
7740:Congo clawless otter (
7643:Hydrictis maculicollis
7641:Spotted-necked otter (
7600:Southern river otter (
7551:Pteronura brasiliensis
7314:European pine marten (
6825:South American coati (
6553:Palawan stink badger (
5879:New Zealand sea lion (
4944:Japanese raccoon dog (
4641:Crab-eating mongoose (
4596:Indian grey mongoose (
4219:Ring-tailed vontsira (
4030:(bone-crushing hyenas)
3725:Central African oyan (
3286:Chinese mountain cat (
2350:Gallo-Reynoso (2010).
1625:: CS1 maint: others (
1349:10.1098/rspb.2020.2318
971:Southern elephant seal
891:of elephant seals are
871:
700:
650:
381:established the genus
311:Strait of Juan de Fuca
276:southern elephant seal
268:northern elephant seal
9807:Paleobiology Database
8045:and their stem-allies
7980:Back-striped weasel (
7926:Black-footed ferret (
7698:Smooth-coated otter (
7476:Poecilogale albinucha
7145:Javan ferret-badger (
7031:Sumatran hog badger (
7013:Northern hog badger (
6707:Crab-eating raccoon (
6612:Pygmy spotted skunk (
6333:Lobodon carcinophagus
6069:Histriophoca fasciata
5862:Australian sea lion (
5808:California sea lion (
5557:American black bear (
5299:Black-backed jackal (
5290:Side-striped jackal (
5130:Chrysocyon brachyurus
4554:Long-nosed mongoose (
3827:Rusty-spotted genet (
3664:Large-spotted civet (
3513:Sulawesi palm civet (
3442:Owston's palm civet (
3016:Andean mountain cat (
2369:10.12933/therya-10-14
1728:10.1242/jeb.113.1.447
869:
698:
648:
527:Eastern Pacific Ocean
7795:Long-tailed weasel (
7373:Lyncodon patagonicus
7022:Greater hog badger (
6544:Sunda stink badger (
6234:Hawaiian monk seal (
5957:Guadalupe fur seal (
5930:Antarctic fur seal (
5921:Galápagos fur seal (
5817:Galápagos sea lion (
4935:Common raccoon dog (
4787:Cape gray mongoose (
4727:Jackson's mongoose (
4687:Paracynictis selousi
4678:Cynictis penicillata
4302:Durrell's vontsira (
3890:Giant forest genet (
3682:Large Indian civet (
3622:Small Indian civet (
3231:Sunda leopard cat (
3007:Southern tiger cat (
2943:African golden cat (
2620:African palm civet (
2200:Journal of Mammalogy
2159:Journal of Mammalogy
2102:on 23 February 2017.
1095:Marine Mammal Center
292:convergently evolved
290:that males have was
266:. Both species, the
7838:M. aistoodonnivalis
7674:Hairy-nosed otter (
7591:Neotropical otter (
7371:Patagonian weasel (
6834:White-nosed coati (
6034:Cystophora cristata
6025:Erignathus barbatus
5758:Northern fur seal (
5535:Helarctos malayanus
5171:Atelocynus microtis
4878:U. cinereoargenteus
4769:Egyptian mongoose (
4696:Rhynchogale melleri
4694:Meller's mongoose (
4685:Selous's mongoose (
4669:Ichneumia albicauda
4623:Collared mongoose (
4497:Angolan kusimanse (
4381:Liberian mongoose (
3734:West African oyan (
3633:Civettictis civetta
3564:Golden palm civet (
3522:Masked palm civet (
3497:Arctictis binturong
3471:Hemigalus derbyanus
3469:Banded palm civet (
3460:Hose's palm civet (
3249:Rusty-spotted cat (
2262:10.1098/rsos.210522
2253:2022RSOS....910522K
1965:2012PLoSO...736728R
1880:2014PLoSO...992633S
1860:Ziphius cavirostris
1290:10.1098/rsos.201591
1281:2020RSOS....701591R
1173:2016NZJGG..59..544B
901:Cookiecutter sharks
485:
409:Elephant seals are
317:on islands such as
315:Southern Hemisphere
7953:European polecat (
7786:Colombian weasel (
7436:(African polecats)
7064:Caucasian badger (
6992:(Eurasian badgers)
6442:(hog-nosed skunks)
6179:("southern seals")
6078:Halichoerus grypus
6009:("northern seals")
5881:Phocarctos hookeri
5786:Eumetopias jubatus
5784:Steller sea lion (
5566:Asian black bear (
5316:African wild dog (
5270:(wolf-like canids)
4547:Atilax paludinosus
4506:Common kusimanse (
4433:Dologale dybowskii
4405:Gambian mongoose (
4189:Western falanouc (
4180:Eastern falanouc (
4149:Cryptoprocta ferox
4054:Parahyaena brunnea
3809:Johnston's genet (
3764:Abyssinian genet (
3716:(African linsangs)
3624:Viverricula indica
3555:Brown palm civet (
3546:Asian palm civet (
3453:Cynogale bennettii
3444:Chrotogale owstoni
3340:European wildcat (
3331:Black-footed cat (
2921:Leptailurus serval
2889:Asian golden cat (
2655:(Asiatic linsangs)
2484:2011-07-16 at the
1779:on 28 October 2009
1342:(1938): 20202318.
897:great white sharks
872:
701:
651:
468:
9835:
9834:
9794:Open Tree of Life
9594:Taxon identifiers
9585:
9584:
9581:
9580:
9568:List of pinnipeds
9548:
9547:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9523:
9522:
9321:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9006:
9005:
8979:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8966:
8963:
8962:
8935:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8650:
8649:
8231:
8230:
8120:Amphicynodontidae
8008:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7971:Siberian weasel (
7962:American ermine (
7890:Japanese weasel (
7845:Mountain weasel (
7829:
7752:
7751:
7538:
7523:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7507:Striped polecat (
7457:Marbled polecat (
7439:
7424:
7423:
7396:
7344:
7343:
7323:Japanese marten (
7269:American marten (
7262:
7120:M. cucphuongensis
7111:
7094:
7093:
7082:European badger (
7055:Japanese badger (
6995:
6948:American badger (
6911:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6807:
6766:Northern olingo (
6750:
6725:Cozumel raccoon (
6700:
6624:
6623:
6578:
6537:
6445:
6426:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6342:Ommatophoca rossi
6315:Hydrurga leptonyx
6302:
6299:(Antarctic seals)
6272:M. angustirostris
6263:
6246:
6245:
6212:Monachus monachus
6199:
6182:
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6012:
5995:
5978:
5977:
5840:Otaria flavescens
5829:
5828:
5740:
5708:Odobenus rosmarus
5672:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5623:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5498:Spectacled bear (
5456:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5272:
5259:
5258:
5178:Crab-eating fox (
5169:Short-eared dog (
5117:
5102:
5089:
5088:
4971:
4913:Otocyon megalotis
4857:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4676:Yellow mongoose (
4527:
4526:
4414:Banded mongoose (
4383:Liberiictus kuhni
4337:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4201:
4200:
4127:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4032:
3993:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3863:Servaline genet (
3782:Bourlon's genet (
3757:
3718:
3694:
3693:
3576:
3575:
3548:P. hermaphroditus
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3313:African wildcat (
3270:
3269:
3240:Flat-headed cat (
3180:
3179:
2964:
2963:
2901:
2900:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2739:Clouded leopard (
2698:
2673:Spotted linsang (
2657:
2622:Nandinia binotata
786:to detect light.
696:
635:
634:
589:
524:
498:Size and ecology
483:
427:Sexual dimorphism
339:Seno Almirantazgo
272:M. angustirostris
244:
243:
229:M. angustirostris
196:
177:
16:(Redirected from
9860:
9828:
9827:
9815:
9814:
9802:
9801:
9789:
9788:
9779:
9778:
9766:
9765:
9753:
9752:
9740:
9739:
9727:
9726:
9714:
9713:
9701:
9700:
9688:
9687:
9675:
9674:
9662:
9661:
9649:
9648:
9636:
9635:
9634:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9589:
9554:
9543:
9490:
9446:
9436:
9406:
9398:
9379:
9359:
9340:
9332:
9305:
9295:
9285:
9275:
9258:
9220:
9215:
9196:
9186:
9176:
9166:
9156:
9146:
9136:
9126:
9116:
9106:
9096:
9086:
9078:
9030:
9025:
9012:
9001:
8995:
8989:
8988:
8941:
8912:
8902:
8878:
8854:
8844:
8821:
8811:
8781:
8751:
8741:
8731:
8721:
8711:
8701:
8691:
8681:
8671:
8663:
8638:
8628:
8618:
8580:
8570:
8560:
8550:
8520:
8497:
8487:
8477:
8467:
8457:
8447:
8437:
8413:
8403:
8393:
8370:
8362:
8341:
8333:
8322:
8301:
8291:
8281:
8273:
8252:
8244:
8190:
8118:
8113:
8109:
8096:
8035:
8028:
8021:
8012:
7944:Malayan weasel (
7863:Steppe polecat (
7836:Sichuan weasel (
7828:
7827:
7823:
7763:
7700:L. perspicillata
7665:Eurasian otter (
7542:
7537:
7536:
7532:
7443:
7438:
7437:
7433:
7412:Greater grison (
7395:
7394:
7390:
7364:
7355:
7305:Nilgiri marten (
7278:Pacific marten (
7261:
7260:
7256:
7182:
7165:M. subaurantiaca
7110:
7109:
7108:(ferret-badgers)
7105:
6999:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6941:
6930:
6917:
6811:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6749:
6748:
6744:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6635:
6577:
6576:
6575:(spotted skunks)
6572:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6430:
6425:
6424:
6416:
6387:
6374:
6331:Crabeater seal (
6306:
6301:
6300:
6296:
6262:
6261:
6260:(elephant seals)
6257:
6236:N. schauinslandi
6203:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6186:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6051:
6016:
6011:
6010:
6006:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5987:
5948:Brown fur seal (
5923:A. galapagoensis
5810:Z. californianus
5777:
5744:
5739:
5738:
5724:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5526:Melursus ursinus
5517:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5445:
5412:Ethiopian wolf (
5276:
5271:
5268:
5121:
5116:
5113:
5106:
5101:
5098:
4987:Blanford's fox (
4970:
4963:
4904:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4830:
4632:Ruddy mongoose (
4614:Javan mongoose (
4545:Marsh mongoose (
4538:
4517:C. platycephalus
4350:
4341:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4212:
4156:Malagasy civet (
4140:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4114:
4109:
4036:
4031:
4028:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3982:
3978:
3965:
3929:
3756:
3753:
3717:
3714:
3705:
3615:
3611:
3600:
3595:
3582:
3488:
3430:
3419:
3406:
3200:Otocolobus manul
3191:
3113:
2989:Geoffroy's cat (
2912:
2842:
2833:
2828:
2716:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2687:
2664:Banded linsang (
2656:
2653:
2645:
2634:
2613:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2333:Chester (1993).
2330:
2324:
2323:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2282:
2264:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2121:(6): 1311–1316.
2110:
2104:
2103:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1976:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1833:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1751:"Elephant Seals"
1747:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1596:
1587:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1292:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1203:Pickford, Martin
1199:
1193:
1192:
1156:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1134:programs.wcs.org
1126:
1077:
1067:Macquarie Island
1062:
1050:
1035:
1023:
1008:
996:
980:
968:
697:
623:
598:
588:(Linnaeus, 1758)
587:
583:Mirounga leonina
577:
558:
533:
522:
512:
486:
478:
379:John Edward Gray
353:Petane Formation
327:Peninsula Valdés
323:Macquarie Island
307:Vancouver Island
191:
175:
90:
89:
73:Male and female
68:
56:Male and female
51:
39:
32:Pterotracheoidea
21:
9868:
9867:
9863:
9862:
9861:
9859:
9858:
9857:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9831:
9823:
9818:
9810:
9805:
9797:
9792:
9784:
9782:
9774:
9769:
9761:
9756:
9748:
9743:
9735:
9730:
9722:
9717:
9709:
9704:
9696:
9691:
9683:
9678:
9670:
9665:
9657:
9652:
9644:
9639:
9630:
9629:
9624:
9615:
9614:
9609:
9596:
9586:
9577:
9559:
9544:
9519:
9461:
9414:
9387:
9348:
9313:
9243:
9204:
9109:Kamtschatarctos
9067:
9032:Desmatophocidae
9019:
9002:
8983:
8959:
8927:
8829:
8789:
8759:
8659:
8646:
8535:
8505:
8378:
8358:
8349:
8329:
8318:
8309:
8269:
8267:Pinnipediformes
8260:
8240:
8238:Pinnipedimorpha
8227:
8183:
8103:
8090:
8046:
8039:
8009:
7988:
7964:M. richardsonii
7908:European mink (
7825:
7824:
7822:
7812:
7804:American mink (
7777:Amazon weasel (
7748:
7706:
7682:
7649:
7632:
7608:
7557:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7515:
7482:
7465:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7420:
7403:Lesser grison (
7392:
7391:
7389:
7379:
7340:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7245:
7221:
7197:
7171:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7090:
7039:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6980:
6956:
6937:
6924:
6903:
6875:
6842:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6792:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6733:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6683:
6650:
6620:
6587:S. angustifrons
6574:
6573:
6571:
6561:
6534:(stink badgers)
6533:
6532:
6530:
6520:
6512:Striped skunk (
6487:
6481:C. semistriatus
6441:
6440:
6438:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6407:
6401:Ailurus fulgens
6381:
6348:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6287:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6242:
6218:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6159:
6117:
6084:
6040:
6008:
6007:
6005:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5974:
5887:
5870:
5846:
5825:
5792:
5766:
5733:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5688:
5684:
5656:
5636:
5619:
5618:
5592:
5541:
5506:
5482:
5453:
5451:
5441:
5420:
5349:Golden jackal (
5333:
5307:
5269:
5267:
5255:
5186:
5180:Cerdocyon thous
5160:
5136:
5114:
5112:
5099:
5097:
5085:
5050:Rüppell's fox (
4964:
4962:
4952:
4937:N. procyonoides
4919:
4911:Bat-eared fox (
4893:
4858:
4854:
4840:
4836:
4804:
4789:H. pulverulenta
4744:
4702:
4658:
4625:U. semitorquata
4580:U. auropunctata
4562:
4523:
4472:
4439:
4422:
4389:
4372:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4310:
4277:
4260:
4227:
4221:Galidia elegans
4197:
4164:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4110:
4105:
4084:
4076:Spotted hyena (
4060:
4043:Striped hyena (
4029:
4027:
4019:
3990:
3988:
3972:
3947:
3907:
3845:Aquatic genet (
3836:Pardine genet (
3773:Angolan genet (
3754:
3752:
3742:
3727:P. richardsonii
3715:
3713:
3690:
3673:Malayan civet (
3639:
3631:African civet (
3607:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3572:
3530:
3477:
3462:Diplogale hosei
3426:
3413:
3388:
3348:
3266:
3206:
3186:
3176:
3152:
3135:
3108:
3102:
3076:Eurasian lynx (
3051:
2960:
2927:
2907:
2897:
2864:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2807:
2747:
2699:
2695:
2681:
2654:
2641:
2628:
2609:
2596:
2592:
2580:
2542:
2535:
2486:Wayback Machine
2455:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2152:
2151:
2142:
2127:10.1139/z87-207
2112:
2111:
2107:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2013:on 1 June 2011.
2005:
2004:
2000:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1686:on 14 June 2007
1677:
1676:
1672:
1655:
1648:
1647:
1634:
1617:
1605:
1589:
1588:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1393:(7): e1000554.
1380:
1379:
1375:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1207:Senut, Brigitte
1201:
1200:
1196:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1000:
997:
988:
981:
972:
969:
960:
936:
909:
885:
864:
832:
811:
809:Breeding season
780:tapetum lucidum
772:
728:red blood cells
689:
643:
637:
630:
627:
621:
612:
611:
606:
605:
593:
586:
565:
562:
556:
547:
546:
541:
540:
528:
521:
466:
407:
376:
335:Admiralty Sound
213:
190:
174:
84:
42:Elephant seals
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9866:
9864:
9856:
9855:
9850:
9840:
9839:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9829:
9816:
9803:
9790:
9780:
9767:
9754:
9741:
9728:
9715:
9702:
9689:
9676:
9663:
9650:
9637:
9622:
9606:
9604:
9598:
9597:
9592:
9583:
9582:
9579:
9578:
9576:
9575:
9570:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9545:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9532:
9529:
9528:
9525:
9524:
9521:
9520:
9518:
9517:
9510:
9503:
9496:
9486:
9479:
9471:
9469:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9459:
9452:
9442:
9432:
9424:
9422:
9416:
9415:
9413:
9412:
9401:
9395:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9385:
9375:
9367:
9365:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9335:
9329:
9323:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9311:
9301:
9291:
9281:
9271:
9264:
9253:
9251:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9241:
9234:
9226:
9224:
9212:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9192:
9182:
9172:
9162:
9152:
9142:
9132:
9122:
9112:
9102:
9092:
9089:Archaeodobenus
9081:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9058:
9051:
9044:
9036:
9034:
9021:
9020:
9015:
9008:
9007:
9004:
9003:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8969:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8955:
8949:
8947:
8937:
8936:
8933:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8918:
8908:
8898:
8891:
8884:
8874:
8867:
8860:
8850:
8839:
8837:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8827:
8817:
8807:
8799:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8788:
8787:
8777:
8769:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8747:
8737:
8727:
8717:
8707:
8697:
8687:
8677:
8666:
8660:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8644:
8634:
8631:Properiptychus
8624:
8614:
8607:
8600:
8593:
8586:
8576:
8566:
8556:
8545:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8526:
8515:
8513:
8507:
8506:
8504:
8503:
8493:
8483:
8473:
8463:
8453:
8443:
8433:
8426:
8419:
8409:
8399:
8388:
8386:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8365:
8359:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8336:
8330:
8325:
8319:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8297:
8287:
8276:
8270:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8258:
8247:
8241:
8236:
8233:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8196:
8194:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8174:
8167:
8160:
8153:
8146:
8139:
8132:
8124:
8122:
8105:
8104:
8101:Pan-Pinnipedia
8099:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8088:
8082:
8076:
8070:
8064:
8058:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8030:
8023:
8015:
8006:
8005:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7986:
7982:M. strigidorsa
7977:
7968:
7959:
7950:
7941:
7935:Least weasel (
7932:
7923:
7914:
7905:
7896:
7887:
7881:Haida ermine (
7878:
7869:
7865:M. eversmannii
7860:
7851:
7842:
7832:
7830:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7801:
7792:
7783:
7773:
7771:
7760:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7737:
7728:
7718:
7716:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7694:
7692:
7684:
7683:
7681:
7680:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7620:
7618:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7597:
7593:L. longicaudis
7588:
7582:Marine otter (
7579:
7569:
7567:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7545:
7539:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7504:
7494:
7492:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7453:
7451:
7440:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7418:
7409:
7399:
7397:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7367:
7361:
7352:
7346:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7338:
7329:
7320:
7311:
7302:
7296:Beech marten (
7293:
7284:
7275:
7265:
7263:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7233:
7231:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7209:
7207:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7160:
7151:
7142:
7133:
7124:
7114:
7112:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7079:
7073:Asian badger (
7070:
7061:
7051:
7049:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7028:
7019:
7015:A. albogularis
7009:
7007:
6996:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6972:Honey badger (
6968:
6966:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6944:
6938:
6933:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6864:
6854:
6852:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6808:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6781:
6772:
6763:
6753:
6751:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6722:
6713:
6709:P. cancrivorus
6703:
6701:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6677:B. sumichrasti
6672:
6662:
6660:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6609:
6600:
6591:
6581:
6579:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6550:
6540:
6538:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6509:
6503:Hooded skunk (
6499:
6497:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6476:
6467:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6427:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6395:
6393:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6337:
6328:
6322:Weddell seal (
6319:
6313:Leopard seal (
6309:
6303:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6230:
6228:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6206:
6200:
6183:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6148:
6139:
6133:Caspian seal (
6129:
6127:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6106:
6100:Spotted seal (
6096:
6094:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6073:
6064:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6029:
6023:Bearded seal (
6019:
6013:
5996:
5992:or true seals)
5990:(earless seals
5980:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5945:
5936:
5927:
5918:
5909:
5899:
5897:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5858:
5856:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5814:
5804:
5802:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5780:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5741:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5690:
5689:
5681:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5563:
5553:
5551:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5530:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5476:A. melanoleuca
5470:
5468:
5457:
5442:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5409:
5400:
5394:Eastern wolf (
5391:
5382:
5376:African wolf (
5373:
5364:
5358:Domestic dog (
5355:
5345:
5343:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5322:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5273:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5244:
5238:Sechuran fox (
5235:
5231:L. gymnocercus
5226:
5217:
5211:Darwin's fox (
5208:
5198:
5196:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5124:
5118:
5103:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5074:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4980:V. bengalensis
4974:
4972:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4882:
4872:
4870:
4859:
4849:
4842:
4841:
4833:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4793:
4784:
4775:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4720:B. crassicauda
4714:
4712:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4673:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4647:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4593:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4551:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4347:
4338:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4299:
4289:
4287:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:G. grandidieri
4249:
4239:
4237:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4153:
4143:
4137:
4128:
4111:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4049:
4039:
4033:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3994:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3818:Letaba genet (
3815:
3806:
3800:Common genet (
3797:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3628:
3618:
3612:
3597:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:P. zeylonensis
3561:
3552:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:Paguma larvata
3519:
3510:
3501:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3310:
3301:
3295:Domestic cat (
3292:
3282:
3280:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3255:
3251:P. rubiginosus
3246:
3237:
3228:
3224:P. bengalensis
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3198:Pallas's cat (
3194:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3085:Iberian lynx (
3082:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2830:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2763:Snow leopard (
2759:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2700:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2576:Laurasiatheria
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2453:External links
2451:
2448:
2447:
2421:
2393:
2375:
2362:(3): 207–212.
2342:
2325:
2302:
2227:
2186:
2165:(3): 517–526.
2140:
2105:
2081:
2059:
2048:on 13 May 2013
2027:
2016:
1998:
1938:
1913:
1848:
1820:
1790:
1764:
1742:
1697:
1670:
1632:
1603:
1593:Elephant seals
1503:
1469:
1443:
1424:
1373:
1322:
1275:(11): 201591.
1255:
1244:(3): 207–234.
1228:
1194:
1167:(4): 544–550.
1146:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1003:
1001:
998:
991:
989:
982:
975:
973:
970:
963:
959:
956:
935:
932:
928:elephant seals
922:, and African
908:
905:
884:
881:
863:
860:
831:
828:
810:
807:
784:photoreceptors
771:
768:
642:
639:
633:
632:
622: LC
617:
599:
592:South Atlantic
590:
579:
568:
567:
557: LC
552:
534:
525:
514:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
484:– two species
465:
462:
411:marine mammals
406:
403:
375:
372:
247:Elephant seals
242:
241:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
215:
214:
205:
204:
198:
197:
183:
179:
178:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
70:
69:
61:
60:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9865:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9845:
9843:
9826:
9821:
9817:
9813:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9781:
9777:
9772:
9768:
9764:
9759:
9755:
9751:
9746:
9742:
9738:
9733:
9729:
9725:
9720:
9716:
9712:
9707:
9703:
9699:
9694:
9690:
9686:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9668:
9664:
9660:
9655:
9651:
9647:
9642:
9638:
9633:
9627:
9623:
9618:
9612:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9590:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9565:
9562:
9555:
9551:
9542:
9516:
9515:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9504:
9502:
9501:
9497:
9495:
9494:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9480:
9478:
9477:
9476:Arctocephalus
9473:
9472:
9470:
9468:
9464:
9458:
9457:
9453:
9451:
9450:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9433:
9431:
9430:
9426:
9425:
9423:
9421:
9417:
9411:
9410:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9383:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9364:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9344:
9337:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9324:
9310:
9309:
9302:
9300:
9299:
9292:
9290:
9289:
9282:
9280:
9279:
9272:
9270:
9269:
9265:
9263:
9262:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9250:
9246:
9240:
9239:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9228:
9227:
9225:
9223:
9222:Dusignathinae
9216:
9213:
9211:
9207:
9201:
9200:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9169:Proneotherium
9163:
9161:
9160:
9153:
9151:
9150:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9133:
9131:
9130:
9123:
9121:
9120:
9113:
9111:
9110:
9103:
9101:
9100:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9083:
9082:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9070:
9064:
9063:
9059:
9057:
9056:
9052:
9050:
9049:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9033:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9013:
9009:
9000:
8996:
8994:
8987:
8953:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8946:
8942:
8938:
8924:
8923:
8919:
8917:
8916:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8899:
8897:
8896:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8885:
8883:
8882:
8875:
8873:
8872:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8841:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8832:
8826:
8825:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8808:
8806:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8792:
8786:
8785:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8762:
8756:
8755:
8754:Sarmatonectes
8748:
8746:
8745:
8738:
8736:
8735:
8728:
8726:
8725:
8718:
8716:
8715:
8708:
8706:
8705:
8698:
8696:
8695:
8688:
8686:
8685:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8668:
8667:
8664:
8661:
8658:
8653:
8643:
8642:
8641:Virginiaphoca
8635:
8633:
8632:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8608:
8606:
8605:
8601:
8599:
8598:
8597:Leptonychotes
8594:
8592:
8591:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8567:
8565:
8564:
8563:Australophoca
8557:
8555:
8554:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8532:
8531:
8527:
8525:
8524:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8508:
8502:
8501:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8484:
8482:
8481:
8474:
8472:
8471:
8464:
8462:
8461:
8454:
8452:
8451:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8427:
8425:
8424:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8381:
8375:
8374:
8367:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8352:
8346:
8345:
8338:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8323:
8320:
8317:
8312:
8306:
8305:
8298:
8296:
8295:
8294:Pinnarctidion
8288:
8286:
8285:
8284:Pacificotaria
8278:
8277:
8274:
8271:
8268:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8234:
8224:
8223:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8212:
8210:
8209:
8208:Potamotherium
8205:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8193:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8175:
8173:
8172:
8168:
8166:
8165:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8147:
8145:
8144:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8114:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8097:
8093:
8087:
8083:
8081:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8063:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8052:
8049:
8044:
8036:
8031:
8029:
8024:
8022:
8017:
8016:
8013:
7985:
7983:
7978:
7976:
7974:
7969:
7967:
7965:
7960:
7958:
7956:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7919:M. lutreolina
7915:
7913:
7911:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7821:
7820:
7815:
7809:
7807:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7784:
7782:
7780:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7738:
7736:
7734:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7703:
7701:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7646:
7644:
7639:
7638:
7635:
7629:
7627:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7616:
7611:
7605:
7603:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7575:L. canadensis
7571:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7554:
7552:
7549:Giant otter (
7547:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7530:
7526:
7512:
7510:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7490:
7485:
7479:
7477:
7472:
7471:
7468:
7462:
7460:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7441:
7431:
7427:
7417:
7415:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7388:
7387:
7382:
7376:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7337:
7335:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7307:M. gwatkinsii
7303:
7301:
7299:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7224:
7218:
7216:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7200:
7194:
7192:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7168:
7166:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7147:M. orientalis
7143:
7141:
7139:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7125:
7123:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7103:
7102:
7097:
7087:
7085:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7062:
7060:
7058:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7036:
7034:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7020:
7018:
7016:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6997:
6987:
6983:
6977:
6975:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6951:
6950:Taxidea taxus
6946:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6918:
6914:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6886:
6872:
6870:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6860:N. meridensis
6856:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6809:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6787:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6730:
6728:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6680:
6678:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6627:
6617:
6615:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6592:
6590:
6588:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6546:M. javanensis
6542:
6541:
6539:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6484:
6482:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6472:C. leuconotus
6468:
6466:
6464:
6463:C. humboldtii
6459:
6457:
6455:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6437:
6436:
6431:
6428:
6422:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6375:
6371:
6345:
6343:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6294:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6239:
6237:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6215:
6213:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6191:
6187:
6184:
6174:
6170:
6156:
6154:
6151:Baikal seal (
6149:
6147:
6145:
6142:Ringed seal (
6140:
6138:
6136:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6112:
6109:Harbor seal (
6107:
6105:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6067:Ribbon seal (
6065:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6032:Hooded seal (
6030:
6028:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5985:
5981:
5971:
5969:
5968:A. tropicalis
5964:
5962:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5894:Arctocephalus
5890:
5884:
5882:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5867:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5822:
5820:
5819:Z. wollebaeki
5815:
5813:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5761:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5742:
5736:
5731:
5727:(eared seals:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5679:
5675:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5589:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5568:U. thibetanus
5564:
5562:
5560:
5559:U. americanus
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5474:Giant panda (
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5435:
5417:
5415:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5360:C. familiaris
5356:
5354:
5352:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5318:Lycaon pictus
5314:
5313:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5245:
5243:
5241:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5014:Tibetan fox (
5012:
5010:
5008:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4946:N. viverrinus
4942:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4887:U. littoralis
4883:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4831:
4827:
4801:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4762:H. flavescens
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4652:U. vitticolla
4648:
4646:
4644:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4556:Xenogale naso
4552:
4550:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4330:
4329:sensu stricto
4325:
4321:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4158:Fossa fossana
4154:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4055:
4052:Brown hyena (
4050:
4048:
4046:
4045:Hyaena hyaena
4041:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3872:Hausa genet (
3870:
3868:
3866:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:G. angolensis
3771:
3769:
3767:
3766:G. abyssinica
3762:
3761:
3759:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3675:V. tangalunga
3671:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:sensu stricto
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Paradoxurinae
3480:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3451:Otter civet (
3449:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3345:
3343:
3342:F. silvestris
3338:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3260:P. viverrinus
3258:Fishing cat (
3256:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3233:P. javanensis
3229:
3227:
3225:
3222:Leopard cat (
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3069:L. canadensis
3067:Canada lynx (
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2891:C. temminckii
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2856:Marbled cat (
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2826:sensu stricto
2823:
2818:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2675:P. pardicolor
2671:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2436:
2435:The Columbian
2432:
2425:
2422:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:(1): 210522.
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2044:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:(5): e36728.
1958:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1939:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:(3): e92633.
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1698:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1604:9780965877695
1600:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:PLOS Genetics
1384:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Mammal Review
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Penelope Seal
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
990:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
957:
955:
953:
949:
948:marine debris
945:
944:least concern
941:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
920:Western Gulls
917:
913:
907:Milk stealing
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
893:killer whales
890:
882:
880:
877:
868:
861:
859:
856:
852:
847:
845:
839:
837:
829:
827:
825:
819:
815:
808:
806:
802:
800:
795:
793:
787:
785:
781:
777:
769:
767:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
647:
640:
638:
631:
628:
625:
624:
618:
615:
609:
603:
600:
597:
591:
585:
584:
580:
578:
576:
569:
566:
563:
560:
559:
553:
550:
544:
538:
535:
532:
526:
520:
519:
515:
513:
511:
504:
487:
481:
476:
475:
474:
463:
461:
457:
455:
450:
448:
444:
439:
434:
432:
428:
422:
420:
416:
412:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
373:
371:
368:
366:
365:toothed whale
362:
358:
354:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:Bahía Jackson
328:
324:
320:
319:South Georgia
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:
260:
256:
255:earless seals
252:
251:sea elephants
248:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
226:
225:
223:
220:
216:
212:
211:
210:Phoca leonina
206:
203:
199:
194:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
76:
71:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9601:
9512:
9505:
9498:
9491:
9481:
9474:
9454:
9449:Proterozetes
9447:
9439:Oriensarctos
9437:
9427:
9409:Thalassoleon
9407:
9382:Pithanotaria
9380:
9370:
9341:
9327:Panotariidae
9306:
9298:Protodobenus
9296:
9286:
9276:
9266:
9259:
9236:
9229:
9197:
9187:
9177:
9167:
9157:
9149:Pelagiarctos
9147:
9137:
9127:
9117:
9107:
9097:
9087:
9060:
9055:Desmatophoca
9053:
9046:
9039:
8990:
8920:
8913:
8903:
8893:
8886:
8879:
8871:Histriophoca
8869:
8862:
8855:
8845:
8822:
8812:
8802:
8795:Cystophorini
8782:
8772:
8752:
8742:
8732:
8722:
8712:
8702:
8692:
8682:
8672:
8639:
8629:
8619:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8588:
8581:
8571:
8561:
8551:
8529:
8528:
8521:
8498:
8488:
8478:
8468:
8460:Palmidophoca
8458:
8448:
8438:
8428:
8421:
8414:
8404:
8394:
8373:Magnotherium
8371:
8342:
8304:Pteronarctos
8302:
8292:
8282:
8253:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8199:
8192:Semantoridae
8176:
8169:
8164:Pachycynodon
8162:
8155:
8148:
8143:Amphicynodon
8141:
8136:Amphicticeps
8134:
8127:
8084:Infraorder:
7981:
7972:
7963:
7954:
7945:
7936:
7927:
7918:
7909:
7900:
7891:
7882:
7873:
7864:
7855:
7846:
7837:
7817:
7805:
7796:
7787:
7778:
7766:
7741:
7732:
7723:
7711:
7699:
7687:
7676:L. sumatrana
7675:
7666:
7654:
7642:
7625:
7613:
7601:
7592:
7583:
7574:
7562:
7550:
7508:
7499:
7487:
7475:
7459:V. peregusna
7458:
7446:
7413:
7404:
7384:
7372:
7359:Lyncodontini
7350:Ictonychinae
7334:M. zibellina
7333:
7324:
7315:
7306:
7297:
7289:M. flavigula
7288:
7279:
7271:M. americana
7270:
7250:
7238:
7226:
7214:
7202:
7191:Eira barbara
7190:
7164:
7156:M. personata
7155:
7146:
7137:
7128:
7119:
7099:
7083:
7074:
7066:M. canescens
7065:
7056:
7044:
7032:
7023:
7014:
7002:
6973:
6961:
6949:
6868:
6859:
6847:
6835:
6826:
6814:
6785:
6776:
6767:
6758:
6738:
6726:
6717:
6708:
6688:
6676:
6675:Cacomistle (
6667:
6655:
6644:Potos flavus
6643:
6613:
6604:
6595:
6586:
6566:
6554:
6545:
6525:
6513:
6504:
6492:
6480:
6471:
6462:
6453:
6433:
6400:
6341:
6332:
6323:
6314:
6280:
6271:
6252:
6251:
6235:
6223:
6211:
6196:(monk seals)
6152:
6143:
6134:
6122:
6110:
6101:
6089:
6077:
6068:
6059:
6033:
6024:
5967:
5959:A. townsendi
5958:
5949:
5941:A. philippii
5940:
5931:
5922:
5913:
5905:A. australis
5904:
5892:
5880:
5863:
5851:
5839:
5818:
5809:
5797:
5785:
5759:
5747:
5707:
5586:U. maritimus
5585:
5584:Polar bear (
5576:
5575:Brown bear (
5567:
5558:
5546:
5534:
5525:
5524:Sloth bear (
5499:
5487:
5475:
5463:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5338:
5327:Cuon alpinus
5326:
5317:
5301:L. mesomelas
5300:
5291:
5279:
5248:
5239:
5230:
5229:Pampas fox (
5221:
5212:
5203:
5191:
5179:
5170:
5154:S. venaticus
5153:
5141:
5129:
5128:Maned wolf (
5110:Cerdocyonina
5078:
5077:Fennec fox (
5069:
5060:
5052:V. rueppelli
5051:
5042:
5033:
5024:
5023:Arctic fox (
5016:V. ferrilata
5015:
5006:
5005:Corsac fox (
4997:
4988:
4979:
4978:Bengal fox (
4957:
4945:
4936:
4924:
4912:
4886:
4885:Island fox (
4877:
4865:
4798:H. sanguinea
4797:
4788:
4779:
4771:H. ichneumon
4770:
4761:
4749:
4737:
4728:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4651:
4642:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4598:U. edwardsii
4597:
4589:U. brachyura
4588:
4579:
4567:
4555:
4546:
4516:
4507:
4498:
4490:C. alexandri
4489:
4477:
4465:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4415:
4407:M. gambianus
4406:
4394:
4382:
4366:S. suricatta
4365:
4353:
4328:
4303:
4294:
4282:
4270:
4253:
4244:
4232:
4220:
4190:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4148:
4125:carnivorans)
4106:
4077:
4065:
4053:
4044:
4012:
4000:
3970:Herpestoidea
3933:Herpestoidea
3900:
3892:G. victoriae
3891:
3882:
3881:Cape genet (
3873:
3865:G. servalina
3864:
3855:
3854:King genet (
3847:G. piscivora
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3811:G. johnstoni
3810:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3765:
3747:
3736:P. leightoni
3735:
3726:
3708:
3683:
3674:
3666:V. megaspila
3665:
3657:V. civettina
3656:
3644:
3632:
3623:
3608:
3592:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3535:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3341:
3332:
3324:F. margarita
3323:
3314:
3305:
3304:Jungle cat (
3296:
3287:
3275:
3259:
3250:
3242:P. planiceps
3241:
3232:
3223:
3213:Prionailurus
3211:
3199:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3144:Jaguarundi (
3128:
3116:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2991:L. geoffroyi
2990:
2981:
2980:Pampas cat (
2969:
2953:
2944:
2932:
2920:
2890:
2881:
2869:
2858:P. marmorata
2857:
2845:
2825:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2731:
2719:
2674:
2665:
2648:
2621:
2574:Superorder:
2568:Infraclass:
2438:. Retrieved
2434:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2335:
2328:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2162:
2158:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2100:the original
2093:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2050:. Retrieved
2043:the original
2030:
2019:
2011:the original
2001:
1956:
1952:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1916:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1806:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1745:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1673:
1650:
1592:
1497:
1460:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1427:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1214:
1210:
1197:
1164:
1160:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1124:
1110:Super weaner
987:, California
937:
910:
886:
873:
848:
840:
833:
830:Life history
820:
816:
812:
803:
798:
796:
788:
773:
761:
746:
739:
732:
717:
702:
652:
636:
629:
626:
620:
613:
607:
601:
581:
572:
564:
561:
555:
548:
542:
536:
523:(Gill, 1866)
516:
507:
489:Common name
471:
470:
458:
451:
435:
423:
408:
394:
391:Latinization
386:
382:
377:
369:
356:
347:
338:
330:
296:
279:
271:
262:
261:
250:
246:
245:
234:
227:
208:
202:Type species
186:
185:
176:Muizon, 1981
171:
145:
36:
9719:iNaturalist
9626:Wikispecies
9372:Callorhinus
9363:Callorhinae
9238:Gomphotaria
9231:Dusignathus
9199:Titanotaria
9189:Pseudotaria
9119:Nanodobenus
8864:Halichoerus
8765:Erignathini
8724:Monotherium
8714:Monachopsis
8674:Cryptophoca
8611:Ommatophoca
8541:Lobodontini
8500:Terranectes
8490:Pristiphoca
8430:Neomonachus
8406:Auroraphoca
8344:Devinophoca
8255:Enaliarctos
7973:M. sibirica
7955:M. putorius
7928:M. nigripes
7910:M. lutreola
7883:M. haidarum
7779:N. africana
7742:A. congicus
7733:A. cinereus
7724:A. capensis
7624:Sea otter (
7602:L. provocax
7509:I. striatus
7430:Ictonychini
7325:M. melampus
7237:Wolverine (
7215:P. pennanti
7138:M. moschata
7129:M. everetti
7075:M. leucurus
7033:A. hoevenii
7024:A. collaris
6974:M. capensis
6869:N. olivacea
6784:Olinguito (
6740:Bassaricyon
6727:P. pygmaeus
6657:Bassariscus
6630:Procyonidae
6605:S. putorius
6596:S. gracilis
6514:M. mephitis
6505:M. macroura
6399:Red panda (
6379:Musteloidea
6340:Ross seal (
6293:Lobodontini
6225:Neomonachus
6153:P. sibirica
6111:P. vitulina
6076:Grey seal (
6058:Harp seal (
5950:A. pusillus
5914:A. forsteri
5749:Callorhinus
5683:Pinnipedia
5642:Musteloidea
5414:C. simensis
5378:C. lupaster
5247:Hoary fox (
5240:L. sechurae
5213:L. fulvipes
5204:L. culpaeus
5100:(true dogs)
5059:Swift fox (
5034:V. macrotis
4926:Nyctereutes
4835:Caniformia
4780:H. ochracea
4738:B. nigripes
4729:B. jacksoni
4616:U. javanica
4533:Herpestinae
4508:C. obscurus
4499:C. ansorgei
4479:Crossarchus
4335:(mongooses)
4324:Herpestidae
4304:S. durrelli
4295:S. concolor
4245:G. fasciata
4182:E. goudotii
4103:Herpestidae
4013:P. cristata
3874:G. thierryi
3829:G. maculata
3793:G. cristata
3784:G. bourloni
3537:Paradoxurus
3495:Binturong (
3434:Hemigalinae
3411:Viverroidea
3374:Viverroidea
3333:F. nigripes
3185:Leopard cat
3170:P. concolor
3087:L. pardinus
3036:L. tigrinus
3027:L. pardalis
3018:L. jacobita
3009:L. guttulus
2982:L. colocola
2741:N. nebulosa
2711:Pantherinae
2591:Feliformia
2007:"5.4 Seals"
1931:15 December
1836:Eleseal.org
1783:29 December
1721:: 447–454.
1223:10539/16409
1217:: 199–217.
1105:Marine Life
912:Sheathbills
770:Adaptations
742:bradycardia
684:gastroliths
655:noncetacean
405:Description
9842:Categories
9514:Phocarctos
9493:Hydrarctos
9483:Arctophoca
9429:Eumetopias
9308:Valenictus
9249:Odobeninae
9210:Neodobenia
9179:Prototaria
9139:Osodobenus
9129:Neotherium
9099:Imagotaria
9073:Odobenidae
9048:Atopotarus
9041:Allodesmus
9017:Otarioidea
8954:see below↓
8945:Otarioidea
8888:Pagophilus
8847:Batavipusa
8824:Pachyphoca
8804:Cystophora
8784:Platyphoca
8774:Erignathus
8734:Phocanella
8704:Leptophoca
8684:Frisiphoca
8621:Piscophoca
8573:Hadrokirus
8523:Callophoca
8511:Miroungini
8480:Pontophoca
8440:Eomonachus
8416:Messiphoca
8356:Monachinae
8316:Pinnipedia
8201:Necromites
8157:Kolponomos
8080:Caniformia
8078:Suborder:
8041:Genera of
7946:M. nudipes
7937:M. nivalis
7901:M. kathiah
7856:M. erminea
7847:M. altaica
7797:N. frenata
7788:N. felipei
7758:Mustelinae
7500:I. libycus
7414:G. vittata
7280:M. caurina
7057:M. anakuma
6935:Mustelidae
6922:Mustelidae
6898:see below↓
6889:Mustelidae
6786:B. neblina
6697:(raccoons)
6668:B. astutus
6666:Ringtail (
6642:Kinkajou (
6614:S. pygmaea
6555:M. marchei
6413:Mephitidae
6281:M. leonina
6173:Monachinae
6144:P. hispida
6135:P. caspica
5932:A. gazella
5864:N. cinerea
5760:C. ursinus
5698:Odobenidae
5651:see below↓
5631:see below↓
5615:Pinnipedia
5533:Sun bear (
5500:T. ornatus
5489:Tremarctos
5465:Ailuropoda
5403:Red wolf (
5369:C. latrans
5292:L. adustus
5249:L. vetulus
5222:L. griseus
5152:Bush dog (
5043:V. pallida
5041:Pale fox (
5025:V. lagopus
4996:Cape fox (
4876:Gray fox (
4634:U. smithii
4466:H. parvula
4457:H. hirtula
4345:Mungotinae
4234:Galidictis
4207:Galidiinae
4135:Euplerinae
4118:Eupleridae
4107:sensu lato
4078:C. crocuta
4011:Aardwolf (
3942:see below↓
3883:G. tigrina
3856:G. poensis
3838:G. pardina
3820:G. letabae
3802:G. genetta
3700:Genettinae
3684:V. zibetha
3604:Viverrinae
3593:sensu lato
3588:Viverrinae
3557:P. jerdoni
3424:Viverridae
3383:see below↓
3322:Sand cat (
3129:A. jubatus
2954:C. caracal
2847:Pardofelis
2666:P. linsang
2607:Feliformia
2388:Boston NPR
2206:(1): 1–8.
1927:. Coml.org
1809:. BBC News
1678:Mirounga.
1116:References
1082:California
1013:California
985:San Simeon
924:feral cats
792:adaptation
641:Physiology
447:rebreather
280:M. leonina
274:) and the
236:M. leonina
172:Miroungini
152:Pinnipedia
9420:Zalophini
9393:Otariinae
9354:Otariidae
9288:Pliopedia
9278:Ontocetus
8905:Planopusa
8881:Nanophoca
8583:Homiphoca
8553:Acrophoca
8470:Pliophoca
8450:Noriphoca
8396:Afrophoca
8384:Monachini
8178:Wangictis
8150:Drassonax
8086:Arctoidea
8074:Carnivora
8054:Kingdom:
8043:pinnipeds
7892:M. itatsi
7826:(weasels)
7689:Lutrogale
7626:E. lutris
7584:L. felina
7393:(grisons)
7316:M. martes
7259:(martens)
7177:Guloninae
6963:Mellivora
6836:N. narica
6777:B. medius
6768:B. gabbii
6759:B. alleni
6747:(olingos)
6716:Raccoon (
6568:Spilogale
6454:C. chinga
6435:Conepatus
6391:Ailuridae
6190:Monachini
6102:P. largha
5772:Otariinae
5735:sea lions
5730:fur seals
5721:Otariidae
5606:Mustelida
5577:U. arctos
5439:Arctoidea
5396:C. lycaon
5351:C. aureus
5281:Lupulella
5193:Lycalopex
5070:V. vulpes
5068:Red fox (
5032:Kit fox (
5007:V. corsac
4751:Herpestes
4364:Meerkat (
4123:(Malagasy
4025:Hyaeninae
3986:Hyaenidae
3901:G. felina
3315:F. lybica
3127:Cheetah (
3045:L. wiedii
3034:Oncilla (
3000:L. guigna
2971:Leopardus
2952:Caracal (
2945:C. aurata
2880:Bay cat (
2801:P. pardus
2799:Leopard (
2774:P. tigris
2732:N. diardi
2650:Prionodon
2550:Kingdom:
2539:Carnivora
2297:246018225
2271:2054-5703
2222:0022-2372
2181:0022-2372
2135:0008-4301
1757:8 January
1690:8 January
1659:cite book
1621:cite book
1299:2054-5703
1189:133343398
930:' teats.
889:predators
887:The main
883:Predators
824:gestation
799:vibrissae
724:myoglobin
672:octopuses
454:pinnipeds
438:proboscis
431:proboscis
395:miouroung
284:elephants
139:Carnivora
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
9848:Mirounga
9763:14001047
9659:Mirounga
9646:Mirounga
9632:Mirounga
9611:Wikidata
9602:Mirounga
9500:Neophoca
9467:Otariini
9456:Zalophus
9268:Odobenus
9159:Pontolis
9062:Eodesmus
8915:Praepusa
8857:Gryphoca
8814:Miophoca
8744:Prophoca
8657:Phocinae
8590:Hydrurga
8530:Mirounga
8423:Monachus
8327:Phocidae
8222:Semantor
8171:Parictis
8129:Allocyon
8068:Mammalia
8062:Chordata
8060:Phylum:
8056:Animalia
7872:Ferret (
7806:N. vison
7667:L. lutra
7535:(otters)
7529:Lutrinae
7386:Galictis
7298:M. foina
7213:Fisher (
7101:Melogale
7084:M. meles
7004:Arctonyx
6849:Nasuella
6827:N. nasua
6804:(coatis)
6718:P. lotor
6494:Mephitis
6253:Mirounga
6003:Phocinae
5984:Phocidae
5853:Neophoca
5799:Zalophus
5706:Walrus (
5405:C. rufus
5387:C. lupus
5367:Coyote (
5202:Culpeo (
5143:Speothos
5079:V. zerda
5061:V. velox
4998:V. chama
4709:Bdeogale
4607:U. fusca
4446:Helogale
4416:M. mungo
4355:Suricata
4284:Salanoia
4191:E. major
4171:Eupleres
4002:Proteles
3991:(hyenas)
3755:(genets)
3306:F. chaus
3297:F. catus
3288:F. bieti
3168:Cougar (
3118:Acinonyx
3096:L. rufus
3094:Bobcat (
3043:Margay (
3025:Ocelot (
2998:Kodkod (
2919:Serval (
2882:C. badia
2871:Catopuma
2781:Jaguar (
2765:P. uncia
2754:Panthera
2721:Neofelis
2639:Feloidea
2570:Eutheria
2564:Mammalia
2558:Chordata
2556:Phylum:
2552:Animalia
2482:Archived
2414:19 March
2310:Sazima.
2289:35116140
2052:26 March
1993:22615801
1953:PLOS ONE
1908:24670984
1867:PLOS ONE
1813:23 April
1613:44446823
1419:19593366
1368:33171079
1317:33391813
1089:See also
753:arteries
720:abdomens
713:haul out
678:, small
473:Mirounga
419:otariids
387:Mirounga
383:Mirounga
374:Taxonomy
357:Mirounga
350:Pliocene
263:Mirounga
187:Mirounga
162:Phocidae
158:Family:
129:Mammalia
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
18:Mirounga
9737:1350702
9711:2434812
9617:Q185231
9343:Eotaria
9261:Aivukus
8835:Phocini
8604:Lobodon
8215:Puijila
8072:Order:
8066:Class:
7874:M. furo
7819:Mustela
7768:Neogale
7615:Enhydra
7489:Ictonyx
7448:Vormela
7405:G. cuja
7332:Sable (
7239:G. gulo
7204:Pekania
7189:Tayra (
6986:Melinae
6798:Nasuina
6690:Procyon
6046:Phocini
5685:(seals)
5620:(seals)
5512:Ursinae
5454:(bears)
5449:Ursidae
5325:Dhole (
5115:(zorro)
4989:V. cana
4899:Vulpini
4867:Urocyon
4851:Canidae
4643:U. urva
4147:Fossa (
4067:Crocuta
3749:Genetta
3646:Viverra
3187:lineage
3109:lineage
3078:L. lynx
2934:Caracal
2908:lineage
2906:Caracal
2838:lineage
2836:Bay cat
2822:Felinae
2783:P. onca
2772:Tiger (
2692:Felidae
2562:Class:
2541:species
2537:Extant
2440:1 April
2390:. 2016.
2280:8767210
2249:Bibcode
1984:3352920
1961:Bibcode
1899:3966784
1876:Bibcode
1737:6527090
1410:2700269
1359:7735288
1308:7735334
1277:Bibcode
1169:Bibcode
958:Gallery
876:molting
862:Molting
855:pelagic
851:benthic
764:milkfat
705:blubber
608:Habitat
543:Habitat
415:Phocids
361:Miocene
309:in the
299:Pacific
257:in the
219:Species
182:Genus:
168:Tribe:
135:Order:
125:Class:
9825:231398
9799:175272
9783:NZOR:
9750:180670
9507:Otaria
7564:Lontra
7252:Martes
6527:Mydaus
6421:skunks
5385:Wolf (
5265:Canina
5095:Canini
4959:Vulpes
4855:(dogs)
4396:Mungos
3710:Poiana
2792:P. leo
2790:Lion (
2696:(cats)
2498:(2:11)
2356:Therya
2295:
2287:
2277:
2269:
2220:
2179:
2133:
1991:
1981:
1906:
1896:
1841:21 May
1735:
1611:
1601:
1462:16 May
1417:
1407:
1366:
1356:
1315:
1305:
1297:
1187:
1139:27 May
934:Status
680:sharks
660:skates
495:Range
482:, 1827
469:Genus
443:mating
333:) in
195:, 1827
9820:WoRMS
9812:53277
9732:IRMNG
9724:41727
9698:42397
9558:Lists
8895:Phoca
8694:Kawas
7713:Aonyx
7656:Lutra
7046:Meles
6816:Nasua
6091:Phoca
5548:Ursus
5340:Canis
4967:foxes
3277:Felis
2405:(PDF)
2293:S2CID
2046:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
1925:(PDF)
1832:(PDF)
1456:(PDF)
1185:S2CID
1040:snout
916:Skuas
836:alpha
757:veins
668:squid
389:is a
288:trunk
259:genus
146:Clade
9776:9714
9771:NCBI
9745:ITIS
9706:GBIF
9685:5TPT
9672:4162
9667:BOLD
8922:Pusa
7228:Gulo
6124:Pusa
4569:Urva
3159:Puma
3107:Puma
3058:Lynx
2442:2024
2416:2022
2322:(4).
2285:PMID
2267:ISSN
2218:ISSN
2177:ISSN
2131:ISSN
2054:2013
1989:PMID
1933:2009
1904:PMID
1843:2010
1815:2013
1807:2006
1785:2009
1759:2009
1733:PMID
1692:2009
1665:link
1627:link
1609:OCLC
1599:ISBN
1464:2020
1415:PMID
1364:PMID
1313:PMID
1295:ISSN
1141:2016
940:IUCN
938:The
895:and
776:rods
755:and
709:molt
676:eels
664:rays
614:Diet
602:Size
549:Diet
537:Size
480:Gray
321:and
193:Gray
9758:MSW
9693:EoL
9680:CoL
9654:AFD
9641:ADW
2364:doi
2275:PMC
2257:doi
2208:doi
2167:doi
2123:doi
1979:PMC
1969:doi
1894:PMC
1884:doi
1723:doi
1719:113
1405:PMC
1395:doi
1354:PMC
1344:doi
1340:287
1303:PMC
1285:doi
1246:doi
1219:hdl
1177:doi
433:.
393:of
294:.
249:or
9844::
9822::
9809::
9796::
9773::
9760::
9747::
9734::
9721::
9708::
9695::
9682::
9669::
9656::
9643::
9628::
9613::
2433:.
2407:.
2386:.
2358:.
2354:.
2320:10
2318:.
2314:.
2291:.
2283:.
2273:.
2265:.
2255:.
2243:.
2239:.
2216:.
2204:90
2202:.
2198:.
2175:.
2163:92
2161:.
2157:.
2143:^
2129:.
2119:65
2117:.
2092:.
2076:13
2074:.
2062:^
1987:.
1977:.
1967:.
1955:.
1951:.
1902:.
1892:.
1882:.
1870:.
1864:.
1834:.
1805:.
1793:^
1731:.
1717:.
1713:.
1661:}}
1657:{{
1635:^
1623:}}
1619:{{
1607:.
1506:^
1472:^
1413:.
1403:.
1389:.
1385:.
1362:.
1352:.
1338:.
1334:.
1311:.
1301:.
1293:.
1283:.
1271:.
1267:.
1242:42
1240:.
1215:34
1213:.
1205:;
1183:.
1175:.
1165:59
1163:.
1149:^
1132:.
918:,
914:,
899:.
674:,
670:,
666:,
662:,
616::
610::
604::
551::
545::
539::
477:–
345:.
148::
9489:†
9445:†
9435:†
9405:†
9378:†
9339:†
9304:†
9294:†
9284:†
9274:†
9257:†
9219:†
9195:†
9185:†
9175:†
9165:†
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9095:†
9085:†
9029:†
8911:†
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8877:†
8853:†
8843:†
8820:†
8810:†
8780:†
8750:†
8740:†
8730:†
8720:†
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8680:†
8670:†
8637:†
8627:†
8617:†
8579:†
8569:†
8559:†
8549:†
8519:†
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8466:†
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8034:e
8027:t
8020:v
7984:)
7975:)
7966:)
7957:)
7948:)
7939:)
7930:)
7921:)
7912:)
7903:)
7894:)
7885:)
7876:)
7867:)
7858:)
7849:)
7840:)
7808:)
7799:)
7790:)
7781:)
7744:)
7735:)
7726:)
7702:)
7678:)
7669:)
7645:)
7628:)
7604:)
7595:)
7586:)
7577:)
7553:)
7511:)
7502:)
7478:)
7461:)
7416:)
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7375:)
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6838:)
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6788:)
6779:)
6770:)
6761:)
6729:)
6720:)
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