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miracidia follow a three-phase process when searching for a host. In phase one, the miracidia use light gravity stimuli to concentrate in areas that are likely attractive to snail hosts. The second phase consists of randomly moving around. In phase three miracidia begin approaching their host target
219:. The organization and number of these carbohydrates shift as the miracidia begin their transition to the next step in their development. Certain carbohydrates are bound all over the body of the sporocyst stage but have only been found to be present on the "intercellular ridges" of the miracidia.
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Three glands assist them in this process. They use glandular secretions that collect in an indented area of the papilla, as a means of both sticking to the host they are attempting to invade, and breaking down the cells on the outside of the host organism to gain entry into it.
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are laid and come into contact with fresh water, they hatch and release miracidium. In this phase, miracidia are ciliated and free-swimming. This stage is completed upon coming in contact with, and entering into, a suitable intermediate host for the purposes of
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on each side, which contain sensory hairs. They each have an apical gland that leads to the apical papilla. They have four rows of epidermal plates, with row two made up of eight plates, while the other three rows each have six. Their
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Even when about to hatch, their eggs show no signs of specialization such as projection or spine-like structure. They have elongated bodies with one intraepidermal ridge in the anterior row. They display a single
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Miracidia do not feed. Their sole purpose is to locate and colonize a host. The ability and efficiency of miracidia to find a host is a crucial factor in the growth and success of later life stages.
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are dark brown and shaped like an inverted capital letter L, located between the first and second row of plates. A single "large cephalic ganglion" along with several smaller
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The miracidia are oval-shaped and their body is almost entirely covered in cilia except for the most anterior portions, taken up by "apical papilla". The miracidia have four
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Pinheiro, J.; Franco-Acuña, D.; Oliveira-Menezes, A.; Brandolini, S.V.P.B.; Adnet, F.A.O.; Lopes Torres, E.J.; Miranda, F.J.B.; Souza, W. De.; Damatta, R.A. (2015-09-01).
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and appearance of the miracidia. The various trematode species implement similar strategies to increase their chances of locating and colonizing a new host.
469:"A review of the influence of host- and parasite-related factors and environmental conditions on the host-finding capacity of the trematode miracidium"
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Chemosensitivity plays a large role in the search for a host, but it is not specific enough to find only those species that are suitable hosts.
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begin to form and then replicate into germ balls. Each of the germ balls grows and eventually becomes the next step in the life cycle, the
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host before they can start growing and begin reproduction, however certain species can use other animals as intermediate or main hosts.
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that are only present in the upper portion of the body near an apical gland with 12 hook-like spines in the opening.
341:"Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae)"
515:"Fasciola hepatica miracidia: Lectin binding and stimulation of in vitro miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation"
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releases eggs in strings. Each egg contains a single miracidium, while the string contains living
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Georgieva, Katya; Georgieva, Simona; Mizinska, Yana; Stoitsova, Stoyanka (March 2012).
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287:"Egg and Miracidium of Hirudinella Ventricosa (Trematoda: Hirudinellidae)"
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Bogitsh, Burton; Carter, Clint; Oeltmann, Thomas (July 11, 2018).
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Diaz, M.T.; Hernández, L.E.; Bashirullah, A.K. (June 2002).
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miracidia have 18 plates along the outside of their body.
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along the surface of the miracidia interact with the
568:(Fifth ed.). Academic Press. pp. 149–174.
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339:Pinheiro, Jairo; Maldonado, Arnaldo (2004).
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285:Meenakshi, Murugesh; Madhavi, R. (1990).
100:Learn how and when to remove this message
42:exist, expressing some variation in the
36:reproduction. Many different species of
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82:adding citations to reliable sources
257:. Academic Press. pp. 34–35.
141:Miracidia usually need to enter a
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467:Christensen, N (December 1980).
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204:and preparing to penetrate it.
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432:Revista de Biología Tropical
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291:The Journal of Parasitology
191:Trematode life cycle stages
23:is the second stage in the
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16:Trematode life cycle stage
532:10.2478/s11686-012-0007-8
404:10.1515/helmin-2015-0039
25:life cycle of trematodes
608:Reproduction in animals
345:Veterinary Parasitology
121:Hirundinella ventricosa
114:Hirundinella ventricosa
150:Echinostoma paraensei
136:Echinostoma paraensei
485:10.5169/seals-312667
226:Once inside a host,
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519:Acta Parasitologica
565:Human Parasitology
575:978-0-12-813712-3
159:excretory vesicle
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71:verification
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200:Schistosome
125:spermatozoa
597:Categories
238:References
228:germ cells
217:gastropods
185:Physiology
44:physiology
21:miracidium
603:Trematoda
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232:sporocyst
39:Trematoda
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370:14 March
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171:eyespots
166:papillae
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213:lectins
50:Anatomy
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307:JSTOR
129:cilia
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