355:, being introduced to Muhammad as the leader who would be responsible for settling Sindh’s people. On the other hand, Khan-i-Khanan was taken by Makhdum Uthman to meet Muhammad and he advocated for his own cause and support for victory. Muhammad then directed that Thatta would remain under Jani Beg's control, as long as there was no conflict with Khan-i-Khanan, because otherwise Jani Beg would be defeated. As a result of this dream, Khan-i-Khanan was given the keys to Thatta, and the saints of Sindh (Makhdum Nuh, Miyan Wahya, and Shaikh Baraka) conveyed this decision to Jani Beg. They stated that this decision was mandated by the "chief of the world", i.e. Muhammad. Jani Beg disagreed with the
38:
294:), and became the first ruler of the Arghun dynasty in Sindh in 1520. Mirza Shah Arghun was succeeded by Mirza Isa Tarkhan after his death, and the latter was succeeded by his son Mirza Muhammad Baqi who had to give up ownership of Bhakkar (Upper Sindh) to Sultan Mahmud. The remaining area of Lower Sindh was ruled by Jani’s father Mirza Paynda. During his reign, Siwistan also fell from Arghun-Tarkhan rule and the enduring land of
381:
of Akbar. Jani Beg was rumored to have remarked that had he been the ruler of Asir, he would have fought against even the emperor if he had come to conquer his territory. Upon hearing this, Akbar’s regard for Jani Beg decreased significantly, but the latter continued to serve the Mughal throne until his death in 1601.
389:
Jani Beg was reported to possess many exceptional qualities. He admired darwishes quite a lot and made every effort to regard learned, devout and successful people with great respect. Not only was Jani Beg held in high regard for his kind nature, but he also remained unmatchable in terms of bravery.
380:
of
Siwistan. He became a close, well-regarded ally of the emperor. However, Jani’s loyalty to the emperor came into question in 1599-1600 when Akbar set out to conquer Asir. He was able to do so with ease as Bahadur Asiri, the ruler of Asir, surrendered without a fight and submitted to the authority
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Jani Beg then advanced up to the border of
Siwistan with a large army where he fought against Khan-i-Khanan multiple times. Despite his brave and skillful defense, the balance of power tipped in favor of the Mughals, and Jani was ultimately forced to hand over his area of influence in 1593. This
321:
to rescue his besieged troops and attacked the Mughal army from the rear by means of the river. This forced the Nawab to lift the siege and retreat to
Bhakkar. Consequently, both parties reached a negotiated settlement regarding the land. Following this confrontation, Akbar sent his chief noble
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to construct a fleet capable of attacking the rear of the Mughal army and severing their supply line. He tenaciously defended his position for two years, during which he lost his father Mirza Paynda and his son Abu’l Fath in the war casualties.
234:: مرزا جاني بیگ ترخان) was the last Sultan of Sindh. He succeeded his grandfather Mirza Muhammad Baqi after his death. He ruled from 1585 to 1591 as an independent monarch of Sindh but was forced to submit to
359:
explanation and said: “The work could not be accomplished by the nocturnal army (i.e., prayers) of the darwishes); let them see how the work is carried out by the army of the day (i.e., soldiers)."
326:
to conquer Thatta in 1591. However, Jani Beg defended his city valiantly, and with his exceptional military prowess, he assembled a force of indigenous tribesmen and enlisted the aid of
Portuguese
242:
was appointed in his place. But due to social and public unrest, the Mughal authority appointed Jani in his place in 1594. Jani continued to serve as the Mughal
Subahdar till his death in 1601.
306:
Historically, the
Arghuns attempted to preserve friendly connections with the Mughals by asserting a shared lineage, but due to the increasing Portuguese presence in the region,
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One of the first instances of this conflict took place in 1586 when Nawab
Muhammad Sadiq Khan, the Mughal governor of Bhakkar, laid siege on the Tarkhan territory. Jani Beg used his
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dismissed this and aimed to subjugate them. As a result, Mughal domination extended over
Bhakkar and Siwistan by the 16th century, and the rest of Sindh was assigned to Jani Beg as
577:"History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind, 1507-1593 : an annotated translation of the relevant parts of Mir Maʻsum's Taʼrikh-i-Sind, with an introduction & appendices"
848:
415:“Had your heart been kind (to lovers), what would it have mattered (to you)? If you were a (source of) strength to the weak, what would it have mattered?
314:. Despite this allocation, there were frequent military conflicts between Jani Beg and the Mughal rulers who held power in the region at the time.
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and exempted them from the obligation of service and office. One of Jani’s ancestors, Mir Dhu’n-Nun Beg revolted against the
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Your ruby-lip is the Water of Life. If it were kissed by (lit. in the palate of) the lovers, what would have it mattered?”
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rank of 5000 and held him in high regard. Along with the new rank, Jani attained control over Thatta as well as the
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843:
833:
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258:. His ancestors had risen to positions of high power, generation after generation. On their exemplary services,
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says that during this battle against the
Mughals, Mir Masum took Khan-i-Khanan to Makhdum Qadi Uthman, the
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As a result of his heroic efforts in the battle against the
Mughals, Akbar bestowed Jani Beg with a
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729:"Sindh under the Mughals: Some Glimpses from Tarikh-i-Masumi and Mazhar-i-Shahjahaniitle"
537:"History of Sindh – A Summary. A Review of "A Monograph on Sindh through the Centuries""
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145:
827:
791:
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468:"Sindh Tourism Development Corporation - Tomb of Mirza Jani & Mirza Ghazi Baig"
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A skill he notably excelled at was poetry. He composed many verses under the
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government in Herat and began expanding his rule in the direction of
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Dhakhirat al-khawanin of Shaykh Farid Bhakkari (Persian text)
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language. The opening lines of one of his most well-known
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marked the end of the independent Tarkhan rule in Sindh.
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Kaukab, Rakhshanda; Syeda, Mehrunnisa (2015-04-24).
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238:. He later involuntarily abdicated in 1593 and a
347:of the time, who showed the latter a dream of
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793:Tarikh E Sind Best Known As Tarikh I Ma Sumi
681:Gibb, H. A. R.; Bearman, P. J. (1960–2009).
351:. This vision depicted Jani Beg, led by the
298:was what Mirza Jani Beg inherited in 1585.
776:(in Sindhi). Sindhi Adabi Board, Jamshoro.
36:
18:
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254:family which was the head of the clan in
492:"Government of Sindh, History of Sindh"
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368:Relationship with the Mughal Empire
813:Tuhfat-ul-Kiram (Urdu translation)
512:"Edinburgh University Press Books"
14:
849:16th-century Mughal Empire people
661:Ahmad Khwajah Nizamuddin (1927).
250:Jani belonged to the illustrious
78:(Patar Das Khattari appointed as
790:Bakkari Masum Muhammad (1938).
637:. Pakistan Historical Society.
42:Tomb of Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan
1:
839:16th-century monarchs in Asia
516:edinburghuniversitypress.com
440:Lari, Suhail Zaheer (1994).
278:through wars with the local
810:Mir Ali Sher Qane Thattvi.
446:. Oxford University Press.
302:Battles against the Mughals
192:Mirza Jani Beg Khan Tarkhan
865:
684:The encyclopaedia of Islam
664:The Tabaqat-i-akbari Vol-i
262:awarded them the title of
290:and Siwistan (modern day
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182:
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324:Khan-i-Khanan Mirza Khan
89:Subahdar of Thatta Subah
733:SSRN Electronic Journal
406:that are still sung by
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98:1594 - 1 February 1601
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341:Dhakhirat al-Khawanin
65:Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan
770:Yusuf Mirak (1979).
741:10.2139/ssrn.3652107
727:Naz, Humera (2020).
56:1585 - 28 March 1593
48:21st Sultan of Sindh
773:تاريخ مظهر شاهجهاني
497:Government of Sindh
443:A History of Sindh
106:Patar Das Khattari
75:Position abolished
687:. Leiden: Brill.
631:Bhakkarī, Farīd.
453:978-0-19-577501-3
335:Significant Dream
284:Mirza Shah Arghun
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115:Ghazi Beg Tarkhan
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844:Mughal Subahdars
834:History of Sindh
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228:Jani Beg Tarkhan
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584:. Retrieved
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541:Ancient Asia
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163:Thatta Subah
74:
27:
472:stdc.gos.pk
385:Personality
328:mercenaries
272:Balochistan
217:Sunni Islam
176:, Pakistan)
103:Predecessor
61:Predecessor
828:Categories
586:2023-03-20
521:2023-03-20
477:2023-03-20
424:References
757:236802876
749:1556-5068
643:610208246
563:2042-5937
357:darwishes
142:Burhanpur
131:Burhanpur
111:Successor
71:Successor
392:pen name
349:Muhammad
345:mujtahid
319:flotilla
213:Religion
148:, India)
80:Subahdar
408:qawwals
404:ghazals
400:Persian
398:in the
396:Halimi,
288:Bhakkar
268:Timurid
264:Tarkhan
755:
747:
703:399624
701:
691:
641:
561:
450:
378:sarkar
374:mansab
296:Thatta
292:Sehwan
252:Arghun
232:Sindhi
154:Burial
753:S2CID
312:jagir
308:Akbar
280:Samma
276:Sindh
260:Timur
256:Turan
226:Mirza
202:House
187:Names
174:Sindh
159:Makli
95:Reign
53:Reign
29:Mirza
745:ISSN
699:OCLC
689:ISBN
639:OCLC
559:ISSN
448:ISBN
339:The
274:and
125:Died
87:2nd
737:doi
549:doi
394:of
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739::
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230:(
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