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he had inured his constitution to it, taking precautionary antidotes in large doses every day; and the force of the sword blow was lessened on account of the weakness of his hand, caused by his age and present misfortunes, and as a result of taking the poison, whatever it was. When, therefore, he failed to take his life through his own efforts and seemed to linger beyond the proper time, those whom he had sent against his son fell upon him and hastened his end with their swords and spears. Thus
Mithridates, who had experienced the most varied and remarkable fortune, had not even an ordinary end to his life. For he desired to die, albeit unwillingly, and though eager to kill himself was unable to do so; but partly by poison and partly by the sword he was at once self-slain and murdered by his foes.
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first, and insisted strenuously and prevented him from drinking it until they had taken some and swallowed it. The drug took effect on them at once; but upon
Mithridates, although he walked around rapidly to hasten its action, it had no effect, because he had accustomed himself to other drugs by continually trying them as a means of protection against poisoners. These are still called the Mithridatic drugs. Seeing a certain Bituitus there, an officer of the Gauls, he said to him, "I have profited much from your right arm against my enemies. I shall profit from it most of all if you will kill me, and save from the danger of being led in a
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629:
organization and strategy. Mithridates removed his mother and brother from the throne, imprisoning them both. In this way, he became the sole ruler of Pontus. Laodice VI died in prison, ostensibly of natural causes. Mithridates
Chrestus may have died in prison also, or may have been tried for treason and executed. Mithridates gave both of them royal funerals. Mithridates took his younger sister
1748:
442:
3540:
1379:—but otherwise all differing in both ingredients and amounts. It seems likely Pompey and Lenaeus kept Mithridates' personal recipe secret, leading to various attempts to recreate it after their deaths. A foreign father and son both named Paccius seem to have become rich selling their own secret recipe under
1492:
able to cure damage from falls, some illnesses, or even all illnesses. When it failed, the problem was believed to be improper preparation or storage, leading some jurisdictions to legally require its preparation in full view of the public in city squares. Concerns about mithridate's purity and later
1033:
Mithridates had tried to make away with himself, and after first removing his wives and remaining children by poison, he had swallowed all that was left; yet neither by that means nor by the sword was he able to perish by his own hands. For the poison, although deadly, did not prevail over him, since
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to the Greek city of Sinope. Its rulers tried to fully assimilate the potential of their subjects by showing a Greek face to the Greek world and an
Iranian/Anatolian face to the Eastern world. Whenever the gap between the rulers and their Anatolian subjects became greater, they would put emphasis on
828:
present in all of Roman Asia, both in
Macedonia. These legions combined with Nicomedes IV's army to invade Mithridates' Kingdom of Pontus in 89 BC. Mithridates won a decisive victory, scattering the Roman-led forces. His victorious forces were welcomed throughout Anatolia. The following year, 88 BC,
1012:
Mithridates then took out some poison that he always carried next to his sword, and mixed it. There two of his daughters, who were still girls growing up together, named
Mithridates and Nysa, who had been betrothed to the kings of Egypt and of Cyprus, asked him to let them have some of the poison
996:
After Pompey defeated him in Pontus, Mithridates VI fled to the lands north of the Black Sea in the winter of 66 BC in the hope that he could raise a new army and carry on the war through invading Italy by way of the Danube. His preparations proved to be too harsh on the local nobles and populace,
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one who has been an autocrat so many years, and the ruler of so great a kingdom, but who is now unable to die by poison because, like a fool, he has fortified himself against the poison of others. Although I have kept watch and ward against all the poisons that one takes with his food, I have not
1078:
as a means of attaining respectability and prestige among the
Hellenistic kingdoms, Mithridates VI made use of Hellenism as a political tool. Greeks, Romans and Asians were welcome at his court. As protector of Greek cities on the Black Sea and in Asia against barbarism, Mithridates VI logically
1733:
was descended from
Mithridates VI. He claimed to be a son of Mithridates VI; but the chronology suggests that Archelaus may actually have been a maternal grandson of the Pontic king, and the son of Mithridates VI's favourite general, who may have married one of the daughters of Mithridates VI.
628:
Mithridates emerged from hiding and returned to Pontus between 116 and 113 BC. There, he was hailed as king. By this time he had grown to become a man of considerable stature and physical strength. He could combine extraordinary energy and determination with a considerable talent for politics,
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to relieve
Lucullus of command and allow Pompey to lead the final campaign against Mithradates. At the time of this novel, Decius reflects that Mithradates has successfully resisted Roman military campaigns for so long that the public has built him up as some kind of superhuman
624:
for the time being. Laodice VI's regency over Pontus was from 120 BC to 116 BC (even perhaps up to 113 BC) and favored
Mithridates Chrestus over Mithridates. During his mother's regency, Mithridates escaped from his mother's plots against him and went into hiding.
2109:
were one of the key factors in the demise of Rome's republican regime, as well as in the spread of the Christian faith in Asia Minor and eventually throughout the whole Roman Empire. The novel implies that the current events in the world might have similar
952:
in 72 BC, driving Mithridates into exile in Tigranes' Armenia. While Lucullus was preoccupied fighting the Armenians, Mithridates surged back to retake Pontus by crushing four Roman legions under Valerius Triarius and killing 7,000 Roman soldiers at the
3196:, Mithridites was also fluent in the ancient language of the Persians and would practice it on any Persian prisoners he had not yet killed or tortured.1806–1817, Berlin, Vossische Buchlandlung, 4 volumes. Facsimile edition, Hildesheim-Nueva York,
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on the United States closely paralleled the massacre of Roman citizens in 88 B.C. and prompted similar consequences, namely the imperialist overstretch of the American and Roman republics respectively. Furthermore, he suggests that the ensuing
1180:
Mithridates is said to have lived in the wilderness for seven years, inuring himself to hardship. While there and after his accession, he cultivated an immunity to poisons by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses of poisons, particularly the
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in the first half of the 5th century BC and during Alexander's campaign. How many Greeks genuinely agreed with this claim will never be known. It served its purpose; at least partially because of it, Mithridates VI was able to fight the
1209:(d. 133 BC) is also known to have studied poisons and antidotes in this way. In keeping with most medical practices of his era, Mithridates' antitoxin routines included a religious component; they were supervised by the
681:
readily surrendered their independence in return for Mithridates' promises to protect them against the Scythians, their ancient enemies. After several abortive attempts to invade the Crimea, the Scythians and the allied
633:, aged 16, as his first wife. His goals in doing so were to preserve the purity of their bloodline, to solidify his claim to the throne, to co-rule over Pontus, and to ensure the succession to his legitimate children.
928:
was left in charge of Roman forces in Anatolia. The lenient peace treaty, which was never ratified by the Senate, allowed Mithridates VI to restore his forces. Murena attacked Mithridates in 83 BC, provoking the
1521:, meanwhile, believed it may be helpful in some cases but cautioned against regular consumption by the healthy as it "could actually transform human nature into a kind of poison". It notably failed as a cure to
2224:
The spelling "Mithridates" was the Roman Latin version, but "Mithradates", the spelling used in Greek inscriptions and Mithridates' own coins, is regaining precedence, see e.g. Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3d
819:
manipulated by the Romans. Mithridates plotted to overthrow him, but his attempts failed and Nicomedes IV, instigated by his Roman advisors, declared war on Pontus. Rome itself was at the time involved in the
1280:
against them. Elsewhere, Pliny reports that surviving notes of Mithridates' work did not include exotic ingredients and that Pompey found an antidote recipe among Mithridates' notes that consisted of 2 dried
1713:
In 63 BC, when the Kingdom of Pontus was annexed by the Roman general Pompey, the remaining sisters, wives, mistresses and children of Mithridates VI in Pontus were put to death. Plutarch, writing in his
720:
Yet it soon became clear to Mithridates that Nicomedes was steering his country into an anti-Pontic alliance with the expanding Roman Republic. When Mithridates fell out with Nicomedes over control of
877:, but this was mainly to further his political ambitions; it is no proof that he felt a mission to promote its extension within his domains. Whatever his true intentions, the Greek cities (including
1308:
who had defeated Mithridates killed his secretary Callistratus and burnt some of his papers, but were also reported to have taken an extensive medicinal library and collection of specimens back to
1018:
provided against that domestic poison, always the most dangerous to kings, the treachery of army, children, and friends." Bituitus, thus appealed to, rendered the king the service that he desired.
1217:
who never left him. (He was also reportedly guarded in his sleep by a horse, a bull, and a stag, which would whinny, bellow, and bleat whenever anyone approached the royal bed.) The
3170:"Mithridates, who was king of twenty-two nations, administered their laws in as many languages, and could harangue each of them, without employing an interpreter:" Pliny the Elder,
753:
1488:. Some medieval preparations had as many as 184 ingredients. Owing to the idea that disease could be caused by "internal poisons", the antidotes also came to be thought of as
1135:
on Greek soil, and maintain the allegiance of Greece. His campaign for the allegiance of the Greeks was aided in no small part by his enemy Sulla, who allowed his troops to
1197:
or Mithridatization. After he became king of Pontus, Mithridates continued to study poisons and develop antidotes, whose initial efficacies were tested on Pontic criminals
1083:
and asked Mithridates VI to become its protector (7.4.3. c.308). The most impressive symbol of Mithridates VI's approbation with Greece (Athens in particular) appears at
4563:
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1607:
630:
196:
1103:, was made in 94/93 BC on behalf of the Athenians, Romans, and "King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus". Greek styles mixed with Persian elements also abound on official
2057:, and the Roman Consul who, quite alone and surrounded by the Pontic army, ordered Mithridates to leave Cappadocia immediately and go back to Pontus – which he did.
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inefficacy were closely involved with the development of medical and pharmaceutical regulation. Mithridate remains available from some doctors, particularly in the
940:
When Rome attempted to annex Bithynia (bequeathed to Rome by its last king) nearly a decade later, Mithridates attacked with an even larger army, leading to the
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became protector of Greece and Greek culture, and used this stance in his clashes with Rome. Strabo mentions that Chersonesus buckled under the pressure of the
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841:, essentially wiping out the Roman presence in the region. As many as 80,000 people are said to have perished in the massacre. The episode is known as the
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may have worked directly under Mithridates or may have only been in correspondence with him. Mithridates was also said to have received samples including
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the twenty-two nations he governed. This reputation led to the use of Mithridates' name as title in some later works on comparative linguistics, such as
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and they rebelled against his rule. He reportedly attempted suicide by poison, which failed because of his immunity to the substance. According to
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force Mithridates out of Greece proper. After achieving victory in several battles, Sulla received news of trouble back in Rome posed by his rival
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Mithridates VI had a number of wives and mistresses, by whom he had several children. The names he gave his children are a representation of his
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in his version of the recipe. Of the plants shared across these early forms of mithridate, many seem to be strongly odoriferous or to exhibit
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The Romans responded to the massacre of 88 BC by organising a large invasion force to defeat Mithridates and remove him from power. The
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1718:, states that Mithridates' sister and five of his children took part in Pompey's triumphal procession on his return to Rome in 61 BC.
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988:, where he committed suicide. Pompey buried Mithridates in the rock-cut tombs of his ancestors in Amasia, the old capital of Pontus.
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which he held. He left the kingdom to the joint rule of his widow Laodice VI, and their elder son Mithridates VI, and younger son
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Jakob Munk Højte, "From Kingdom to Province: Reshaping Pontos after the Fall of Mithridates VI", in Tønnes Bekker-Nielsen (ed.),
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Mithridates was reported to have developed a complex "universal antidote" against poisoning, which he took every day with cold
1118:, Mithridates VI extended his propaganda from "defender" of Greece to the "great liberator" of the Greek world as war with the
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Mithridates, oder allgemeine Sprachenkunde mit dem Vater Unser als Sprachprobe in bey nahe fünf hundert Sprachen und Mundarten
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their Persian origins. In this manner, the royal propaganda claimed heritage both from Persian and Greek rulers, including
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396:'s most formidable and determined opponents. He was an effective, ambitious and ruthless ruler who sought to dominate
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Hewsen, Robert H. (2009). "Armenians on the Black Sea: The Province of Trebizond". In Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.).
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At the behest of Pompey, Mithridates' body was later buried alongside his ancestors (in either Sinope or
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After this defeat, Mithridates fled with a small army to Colchis and then over the Caucasus Mountains to
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or mithridatium. He was said to consume it daily. The original formula has been entirely lost, although
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593:(reigned 150–120 BC). His father, Mithridates V, was a prince and the son of the former Pontic monarchs
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1638:"). Drypetina was Mithridates VI's most devoted daughter. Her baby teeth never fell out, so she had a
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leaves, which were supposed to be crushed together and taken with a pinch of salt by a person who had
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for use on his coins in honour of the alliance. This calendar era began with the first Bithynian king
709:. It was probably on the occasion of the Paphlagonian invasion of 108 BC that Mithridates adopted the
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Griffin, John Parry (September 2004), "Venetian Treacle and the Foundation of Medicines Regulation",
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620:. Neither Mithridates VI nor his younger brother were of age, and their mother retained all power as
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32:"Mithridates the Great" redirects here. For the Parthian king who reigned from 165 BC to 132 BC, see
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Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, and Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World
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1610:. They were married from 115/113 BC until about 90 BC. They had several children. Their sons were
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Mithridates V was assassinated in about 120 BC in Sinope, poisoned by unknown persons at a lavish
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became inevitable. The Romans were easily translated into "barbarians", in the same sense as the
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2497:(in Armenian). Athens, Greece: Hradaragoutioun Azkayin Oussoumnagan Khorhourti. pp. 67–76.
1630:(sometimes called Cleopatra the Elder to distinguish her from her sister of the same name) and
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2100:. Within a postmodern narrative of the making and unmaking of history, Ribó suggests that the
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and plunder many of the city's most famous treasures to help finance his military expenses.
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980:. He then ordered conscription and preparations for war. In 63 BC, another of his sons,
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and made plans to raise yet another army to take on the Romans. His eldest living son,
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1409:) by supplementing the versions of Mithridates' formula known in his day with more
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and hurriedly concluded peace talks with Mithridates. As Sulla returned to Italy,
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Mithridates entertained ambitions of making his state the dominant power on the
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dedicated to the Pontic king in 102/1 BC by the Athenian Helianax, a priest of
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is effective against some but not all toxins and subsequently became known as
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Mayor, Adrienne (2014), "Mithridates of Pontus and His Universal Antidote",
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was sent against Mithridates and the Romans routed the Pontic forces at the
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492:", the name of the ancient Iranian sun god. The name itself is derived from
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The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy
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The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy
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1649:. They were married from about 89/88 BC until 72/71 BC and had a daughter,
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1855:. This play is the basis for several 18th century operas including one of
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abilities; it is also noteworthy that bioactive alkaloids and poisons are
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3467:. Granada: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Granada, 1996,
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seems to have been used to create this version of Mithridates' antidote.
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from 83 to 81 BC. Mithridates defeated Murena's two green legions at the
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507:" means "of a well (noble) father", and was adopted by a number of other
404:
region, waging several hard-fought but ultimately unsuccessful wars (the
389:
280:
255:
824:, a civil war with its Italian allies; as a result, there were only two
4961:
4357:
3501:
Madsen, Jesper Majbom, Mithradates VI : Rome's perfect enemy. In:
2991:
History of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Toxicology in Antiquity
2818:
2806:
2031:
1986:
1657:. His next two wives were also Greek: he was married to his third wife
1489:
1426:
1400:
1294:
1182:
1161:
1108:
1100:
849:
838:
702:
666:
650:
613:
500:
332:
4372:
3605:
3268:
2732:
1856:
1665:, from sometime after 86 to 63 BC. Stratonice bore Mithridates a son
1646:
1600:
1384:
1356:
1305:
1282:
1214:
1176:
In his youth, after the assassination of his father Mithridates V in
1136:
1088:
1039:
998:
969:
958:
886:
878:
853:
717:
in 297 BC. It was certainly in use in Pontus by 96 BC at the latest.
670:
621:
547:
535:
531:
489:
481:
416:. He has been called the greatest ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. He
201:
181:
172:
159:
133:
2129:, the protagonist, Decius Metellus, becomes aware of a plot between
2053:
describes in detail the various aspects of his life – the murder of
2460:
Rome and the Black Sea Region: Domination, Romanisation, Resistance
2096:
traces parallels between the historical figures of Mithridates and
1111:
was favored as an intermediary between both worlds, East and West.
731:
420:
by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses; this practice, now called
2940:
1434:
1430:
1410:
1368:
1364:
1257:
1229:
1165:
1096:
1084:
1061:
1047:
1005:
905:
899:
798:
440:
155:
1256:
reports that Mithridates' various antidotes usually included the
881:) defected to the side of Mithridates and welcomed his armies in
1396:
833:
settlers remaining in several major Anatolian cities, including
409:
3609:
735:
2447:
Hellenistic settlements in Europe, the islands, and Asia Minor
1741:
1687:
His sons born from his concubines were Cyrus, Xerxes, Darius,
1669:. His fifth wife is unknown. His sixth wife was Hypsicratea.
1513:
received samples of mithridate from Muslim ambassadors in the
1290:
1286:
852:
and Anatolian cities. The royal family moved the capital from
3458:
Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands and Asia Minor
3446:, Supplements: 89), Leiden, Brill Academic Publishers, 1986,
2257:. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, Inc. pp. 41, 37–66.
1939:
alludes to Mithridates' immunity to poison in his love poem
1542:
1517:
but never popularized or advocated it. The Islamic scientist
519:
377:
3440:
The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus
1676:. By Adobogiona, Mithridates had two children: a son called
693:
The young king then turned his attention to Anatolia, where
581:, on the Black Sea coast of Anatolia, and was raised in the
3520:
154), Hildesheim-Zürich-New York, Georg Olms Verlag, 2013,
2071:
about the King and his exploits against the Roman Republic.
36:. For the Parthian king who reigned from 124 to 91 BC, see
1845:
The demise of Mithridates VI is detailed in the 1673 play
1240:
in lieu of a requested visit. By the time of his death in
1008:
bodyguard and friend, Bituitus, to kill him by the sword:
848:
The Kingdom of Pontus comprised a mixed population in its
424:, is named after him. After his death, he became known as
1332:
various recipes under the name of Mithridates' antidote (
686:
suffered heavy losses at the hands of the Pontic general
653:, a region east of the Black Sea occupied by present-day
3042:
3040:
2034:
poisoning, and quotes the last line from Housman's poem.
1950:
alludes to Mithridates' antidote in the final stanza of
1555:. By the 19th century, it was only being prescribed for
2752:
2750:
1672:
One of his mistresses was the Galatian Celtic princess
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2859:
2857:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2638:
2636:
1859:'s earliest, known most commonly by its Italian name,
1725:
Greek nobleman and high priest of the temple-state of
462: After his conquests in the First Mithridatic War
2807:"Mithridates' Antidote—A Pharmacological Ghost"
889:. His neighbor to the southeast, the King of Armenia
2255:
Armenian Pontus: The Trebizond-Black Sea Communities
937:
in 82 BC before peace was again declared by treaty.
4932:
4763:
4670:
4612:
4525:
4446:
4253:
4175:
4127:
4104:
3946:
3903:
3774:
3720:
3677:
3644:
2303:"Eupator Meaning - Bible Definition and References"
1772:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1645:His second wife was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman,
468: Including Pontus' ally the Kingdom of Armenia
353:
343:
331:
317:
235:
228:
189:
166:
140:
114:
110:
100:
90:
82:
75:
49:
3510:Pompeyo Trogo, Justino y Mitrídates. Comentario al
2145:Mithridates and his wife Monime are characters in
1452:Mithridate and theriac continued to be staples of
585:. He was the first son among the children born to
829:Mithridates orchestrated a massacre of Roman and
697:power was on the rise. He contrived to partition
3419:He Died Old: Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus
3379:"Personal names, Iranian iii. Achaemenid Period"
2423:
2421:
2001:They shook, they stared as white's their shirt:
1963:
1919:
1031:
1010:
3396:. Princeton University Press. pp. 1–448.
1661:, from 86 to 72/71 BC, and to his fourth wife
3621:
3503:Proceedings of the Danish Institute in Athens
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
1921:Sometimes, more sternly moved, I would relate
1904:as an instrument both of defense and offence.
1559:or described as of historical interest only.
747:
8:
1923:How vanquished Mithridates northward passed,
1910:, amidst casting about for poetic themes in
1699:. Nysa and Mithridatis, were engaged to the
690:and accepted Mithridates as their overlord.
2680:, New York: Overlook Duckworth, p. 148
1505:and its various components and proportions
1404:
3628:
3614:
3606:
3574:
1464:and emperors, kings, and queens including
754:
740:
732:
46:
3117:
1925:And, hidden in the cloud of years, became
1832:Learn how and when to remove this message
1589:Mithridates oder allgemeine Sprachenkunde
885:, while his fleet besieged the Romans at
873:. Mithridates too posed as a champion of
3102:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
2570:"The Death and Burial of Mithridates VI"
2337:"The Death and Burial of Moithdrades VI"
2318:"MITHRADATES VI – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1868:Mithridates is the subject of the opera
450: Before the reign of Mithridates VI
3224:10.4159/dlcl.plutarch-lives_pompey.1917
3158:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3070:
3046:
2968:
2956:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2756:
2691:
2663:
2470:
2468:
2462:(Aarhus University Press, 2006), 15–30.
2289:
2198:
1884:included his "Mithridates" in his 1847
3428:, New York, Thomas Dunne Books, 2004,
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
1983:Sate the king when healths went round.
1971:With poisoned meat and poisoned drink.
1268:), which fed on poisonous plants like
314:
4560:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
3058:
3031:
2893:
2863:
2848:
2836:
2642:
2507:A History of Rome, LeGlay, et al. 100
2277:
1973:He gathered all that springs to birth
1969:They get their fill before they think
1965:There was a king reigned in the East:
1585:Mithridates de differentiis linguarum
1340:). Numerous recipes survive from the
7:
5028:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
3426:The Last King: Rome's Greatest Enemy
2074:Mithridates is a major character in
1967:There, when kings will sit to feast,
1770:adding citations to reliable sources
3512:Epítome de las Historias Filípicas
2005:–I tell the tale that I heard told.
1991:And stared aghast to watch him eat;
1460:into the 19th century, consumed by
916:, fought between 88 and 84 BC, saw
3563:Livius.org: Mithridates VI Eupator
3104:, vol. 58, pp. 317–325,
2026:, from 1929, has the protagonist,
1981:And easy, smiling, seasoned sound,
1927:Odin, the Father of a race by whom
538:ancestry. He claimed descent from
392:from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the
384:; 135–63 BC) was the ruler of the
40:. For other uses of the name, see
25:
3465:Mitrídates Eupátor, rey del Ponto
2813:, vol. 9, Brill, p. 2,
2721:"The Pharmacology of Mithridatum"
1999:And shook to see him drink it up:
1979:He sampled all her killing store;
1603:and Greek heritage and ancestry.
418:cultivated an immunity to poisons
5115:Monarchs of the Bosporan Kingdom
3551:Second and Third Mithridatic War
3538:
3110:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02147.x
1746:
1587:(1555), and Adelung and Vater's
1054:in Crimea commemorate his name.
669:. The most important centres of
64:
27:King of Pontus from 120 to 63 BC
5105:Iranian people of Greek descent
3505:Vol. 6, 2010, pp. 223–237.
3290:Ribó, Ignasi (5 October 2010).
2805:Totelin, Laurence M.V. (2004),
2727:, vol. 6, pp. 60–66,
1977:First a little, thence to more,
1952:"Terence, This Is Stupid Stuff"
1757:needs additional citations for
1551:) helped fully discredit it in
1425:. One of the vats uncovered at
904:Roman coin of 54 BC, depicting
803:First Mithridatic War, 87–86 BC
456: After his early conquests
408:) to break Roman dominion over
5080:1st-century BC kings of Pontus
5075:2nd-century BC kings of Pontus
3216:Digital Loeb Classical Library
2998:: Academic Press, p. 30,
2404:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
2208:"Pontus, Encyclopædia Iranica"
2003:Them it was their poison hurt.
1501:, however, some considered it
1399:'s court physician, developed
1387:-heavy preparation daily with
514:Mithridates Eupator Dionysus (
1:
5070:1st-century BC Iranian people
5065:2nd-century BC Iranian people
5032:in most of their territories.
3830:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
3294:(in Spanish). Editorial Bubok
1941:Though I Thy Mithridates Were
1900:refers to the potential of a
1678:Mithridates I of the Bosporus
1655:Ariobarzanes II of Cappadocia
1433:added still more opium and a
1029:records a different account:
557:, as well as the later kings
445:Map of the Kingdom of Pontus
287:Mithridates I of the Bosporus
3336:Resources in other libraries
2719:Norton, Stata (April 2006),
2495:Badmoutioun Hayots, Volume I
2493:Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1994).
2030:, solve a case of murder by
1975:From the many-venomed earth;
1276:and thus provided a kind of
1074:Where his ancestors pursued
573:Mithridates was born in the
323:Mithradates Eupator Dionysus
5110:Mithridatic kings of Pontus
3825:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1689:Ariarathes IX of Cappadocia
1066:Portrait of Mithridates as
957:in 67 BC. He was routed by
299:Ariarathes IX of Cappadocia
5136:
3508:Ballesteros Pastor, Luis,
3463:Ballesteros Pastor, Luis.
2811:Early Science and Medicine
2121:, the first volume of the
1931:Perished the Roman Empire.
1577:speak the languages of all
1543:
1248:and which became known as
1151:
1099:, by Dicaeus, a priest of
520:
378:
31:
5026:
3730:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
3594:
3585:
3577:
3377:Schmitt, Rüdiger (2005).
3331:Resources in your library
2009:Mithridates, he died old.
1897:The Count of Monte Cristo
773:
707:Nicomedes III of Bithynia
559:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
322:
313:
63:
54:
38:Mithridates II of Parthia
4091:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
3890:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3545:Mithridates VI of Pontus
3390:Mayor, Adrienne (2009).
3317:Mithridates VI of Pontus
3186:Johann Christoph Adelung
2676:Mayor, Adrienne (2003),
2399:"Mithradates VI Eupator"
1781:"Mithridates VI Eupator"
1626:. Their daughters were
1114:Certainly influenced by
1095:Aisios. A dedication at
1070:, Roman Imperial period.
1004:, he then requested his
813:Nicomedes IV of Bithynia
530:) was a prince of mixed
34:Mithridates I of Parthia
18:Mithradates VI of Pontus
5100:Deaths by blade weapons
4888:'s attempted rule with
4569:Mithridates V Euergetes
3981:Antiochus III the Great
3794:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
3735:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
3659:Alexander III the Great
3498:(Princeton, PUP, 2009).
3484:, Madrid, Bubok, 2010,
2725:Molecular Interventions
2544:"Cassius Dio — Book 37"
2241:Encyclopædia Britannica
2112:unforeseen consequences
1701:Egyptian Greek Pharaohs
1634:(a diminutive form of "
1338:antidotum Mithridaticum
1312:, where Pompey's slave
1222:Crateuas the Rootcutter
1185:that killed his father
1137:sack the city of Delphi
591:Mithridates V Euergetes
348:Mithridates V Euergetes
95:Mithridates V Euergetes
5090:Ancient child monarchs
5050:Mithridates VI Eupator
4672:Monarchs of Cappadocia
4574:Mithridates VI Eupator
4096:Philip II Philoromaeus
4081:Antiochus XII Dionysus
4071:Demetrius III Eucaerus
4066:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
4051:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
3991:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
3986:Seleucus IV Philopator
3971:Seleucus II Callinicus
3870:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
3745:Demetrius II Aetolicus
3424:Ford, Michael Curtis,
3364:McGing, Brian (2009).
3351:McGing, Brian (2004).
3292:"Mitrídates ha muerto"
2397:Simpson, Roger Henry.
2236:Mithradates VI Eupator
2011:
1933:
1862:Mitridate, re di Ponto
1682:Adobogiona the Younger
1680:and a daughter called
1624:Pharnaces II of Pontus
1405:
1344:, all consisting of a
1337:
1297:for at least one day.
1213:, a group of Scythian
1173:
1071:
1036:
1020:
982:Pharnaces II of Pontus
931:Second Mithridatic War
926:Lucius Licinius Murena
918:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
909:
804:
649:. He first subjugated
603:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
470:
370:Mithradates VI Eupator
293:Adobogiona the Younger
261:Pharnaces II of Pontus
246:Mithridates of Colchis
105:Pharnaces II of Pontus
5120:Genocide perpetrators
5095:Ancient Pontic Greeks
4614:Monarchs of Commagene
4535:Mithridates I Ctistes
4076:Philip I Philadelphus
4056:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
4046:Antiochus VIII Grypus
4041:Seleucus V Philometor
4026:Antiochus VII Sidetes
4016:Antiochus VI Dionysus
3976:Seleucus III Ceraunus
3875:Berenice IV Epiphanea
3820:Ptolemy VI Philometor
3804:Ptolemy IV Philopator
3799:Ptolemy III Euergetes
3664:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3383:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3370:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3357:Encyclopaedia Iranica
2548:penelope.uchicago.edu
2518:"Appianus, XVI, §111"
1571:'s account of famous
1393:Andromachus the Elder
1316:translated them into
1234:Zopyrus of Alexandria
1169:
1065:
944:from 73 BC to 63 BC.
942:Third Mithridatic War
914:First Mithridatic War
903:
802:
595:Pharnaces I of Pontus
444:
426:Mithridates the Great
180:(modern-day Sinop or
4448:Monarchs of Bithynia
4031:Alexander II Zabinas
4011:Demetrius II Nicator
3928:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
3895:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
3860:Ptolemy XI Alexander
3835:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
3740:Antigonus II Gonatas
3547:at Wikimedia Commons
3481:Mitrídates ha muerto
3249:www.tyndalehouse.com
3190:Johann Severin Vater
2212:Encyclopædia Iranica
2165:Epistula Mithridatis
2102:September 11 attacks
2090:Mitrídates ha muerto
2043:, the second in the
1876:Alessandro Scarlatti
1766:improve this article
1674:Adobogiona the Elder
1663:Stratonice of Pontus
1575:, Mithridates could
1449:widely represented.
618:Mithridates Chrestus
605:and his sister-wife
597:and his cousin-wife
488:, meaning "given by
212:Stratonice of Pontus
5030:Hellenistic satraps
4061:Antiochus X Eusebes
3996:Antiochus V Eupator
3938:Cleopatra Selene II
3865:Ptolemy XII Auletes
3850:Ptolemy X Alexander
3845:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
3809:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
3750:Antigonus III Doson
2630:McGing, pp. 125–126
2568:Hojte, Jakob Munk.
2151:Wrath of the Furies
2127:John Maddox Roberts
2086:Mithridates is Dead
2069:Michael Curtis Ford
1882:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1738:Cultural depictions
1704:Ptolemy XII Auletes
1653:, who married King
1640:double set of teeth
1628:Cleopatra of Pontus
1606:His first wife was
1406:theriaca Andromachi
1326:A. Cornelius Celsus
1236:and treatises from
1133:First War with Rome
1116:Alexander the Great
963:Battle of the Lycus
895:Cleopatra of Pontus
867:Alexander the Great
555:Alexander the Great
480:attestation of the
266:Cleopatra of Pontus
70:Coin of Mithridates
5085:Achaemenid dynasty
4934:Monarchs of Epirus
4767:Cimmerian Bosporus
4527:Monarchs of Pontus
4086:Cleopatra Selene I
3966:Antiochus II Theos
3956:Seleucus I Nicator
3923:Demetrius the Fair
3905:Monarchs of Cyrene
3568:2013-05-20 at the
3556:2002-10-15 at the
3456:Cohen, Getzel M.,
2621:McGing, pp. 93–102
2335:Jakob Munk Højte.
2316:electricpulp.com.
2178:(Mithridatization)
2051:Colleen McCullough
1908:William Wordsworth
1871:Mitridate Eupatore
1727:Comana, Cappadocia
1608:his sister Laodice
1346:polypharmiceutical
1199:condemned to death
1174:
1148:Immunity to poison
1072:
961:'s legions at the
910:
891:Tigranes the Great
871:Seleucus I Nicator
863:Darius I of Persia
807:The next ruler of
805:
675:Tauric Chersonesus
563:Seleucus I Nicator
553:, the generals of
471:
216:Unnamed fifth wife
144:63 BC (aged 71–72)
5037:
5036:
4517:Socrates Chrestus
4006:Alexander I Balas
4001:Demetrius I Soter
3961:Antiochus I Soter
3707:Antipater Etesias
3604:
3603:
3595:Succeeded by
3543:Media related to
3526:978-3-487-15070-3
3494:Mayor, Adrienne,
3490:978-84-9981-114-7
3460:(Berkeley, 1995).
3312:Library resources
3210:Plutarch (1917).
3198:Georg Olms Verlag
2884:, Ch. XXIII, §77.
2612:McGing, pp. 91–92
2264:978-1-56859-155-1
2119:The King's Gambit
2080:The Golden Slave.
2028:Lord Peter Wimsey
2015:Dorothy L. Sayers
1916:(Bk i vv 186 ff):
1842:
1841:
1834:
1816:
1708:Ptolemy of Cyprus
1659:Berenice of Chios
1443:anti-inflammatory
796:
795:
583:Kingdom of Pontus
511:rulers as well.
437:Name and ancestry
386:Kingdom of Pontus
363:
362:
327:
326:
207:Berenice of Chios
177:Kingdom of Pontus
171:either Sinope or
151:Kingdom of Pontus
125:Kingdom of Pontus
16:(Redirected from
5127:
4829:
4745:Ariobarzanes III
4119:Ptolemy Epigonos
4021:Diodotus Tryphon
3814:Cleopatra I Syra
3789:Ptolemy Keraunos
3630:
3623:
3616:
3607:
3578:Preceded by
3575:
3542:
3417:Duggan, Alfred,
3407:
3386:
3373:
3366:"Mithridates VI"
3360:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3207:
3201:
3183:
3177:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3097:
3086:
3083:Bald's Leechbook
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3035:
3029:
3010:
3008:
2985:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2947:, Vol. II, Ch. 1
2938:
2932:
2919:
2913:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2823:
2821:
2802:
2787:
2771:
2760:
2754:
2745:
2743:
2733:10.1124/mi.6.2.1
2716:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2631:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2572:. Archived from
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2520:. Archived from
2514:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2394:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2339:. Archived from
2332:
2326:
2325:
2320:. Archived from
2313:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2250:
2244:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2182:Mithridatic Wars
2171:Bosporan Kingdom
2107:Mithridatic Wars
2065:historical novel
1957:A Shropshire Lad
1837:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1774:
1750:
1742:
1706:and his brother
1546:
1545:
1531:William Heberden
1507:pseudoscientific
1474:Alfred the Great
1470:Septimus Severus
1458:Islamic medicine
1408:
1243:
1179:
1050:and the town of
978:Bosporan Kingdom
950:Battle of Cabira
768:
766:
765:Mithridatic Wars
756:
749:
742:
733:
728:Mithridatic Wars
679:Bosporan Kingdom
544:Darius the Great
542:, the family of
529:
528:
467:
461:
455:
449:
406:Mithridatic Wars
383:
382:
315:
239:
68:
47:
21:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5022:
4928:
4919:Mithridates III
4823:
4766:
4765:Monarchs of the
4759:
4740:Ariobarzanes II
4725:Ariarathes VIII
4666:
4652:Mithridates III
4608:
4550:Mithridates III
4521:
4442:
4249:
4177:Greco-Bactrians
4171:
4123:
4100:
3942:
3899:
3784:Ptolemy I Soter
3770:
3716:
3673:
3640:
3634:
3600:
3591:
3583:
3570:Wayback Machine
3558:Wayback Machine
3535:
3514:(37,1,6–38,8,1)
3414:
3412:Further reading
3404:
3389:
3376:
3363:
3350:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3212:"Lives. Pompey"
3209:
3208:
3204:
3184:
3180:
3173:Natural History
3169:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3149:, Ch. XXIX, §8.
3146:Natural History
3139:
3135:
3099:
3098:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3013:
3006:
2994:, vol. I,
2987:
2986:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2959:, pp. 7–8.
2955:
2951:
2939:
2935:
2929:, Vol. V, §23.3
2920:
2916:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2881:Natural History
2874:
2870:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2826:
2804:
2803:
2790:
2779:Natural History
2772:
2763:
2755:
2748:
2718:
2717:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2576:on 3 March 2016
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2524:on 2 April 2015
2516:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2396:
2395:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2343:on 3 March 2016
2334:
2333:
2329:
2324:on 17 May 2013.
2315:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2206:McGing, Brian.
2205:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2160:
2098:Osama bin Laden
2046:Masters of Rome
2040:The Grass Crown
2019:detective novel
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1892:Alexandre Dumas
1838:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1751:
1740:
1597:
1569:Pliny the Elder
1565:
1511:Chinese doctors
1486:Queen Elizabeth
1466:Marcus Aurelius
1367:sweetened with
1266:ruddy shelducks
1241:
1189:. This form of
1177:
1164:
1152:Main articles:
1150:
1145:
1128:war with Persia
1060:
1046:in the central
1044:Mount Mithridat
994:
935:Battle of Halys
883:mainland Greece
859:Cyrus the Great
843:Asiatic Vespers
797:
792:
769:
764:
762:
760:
730:
639:
571:
540:Cyrus the Great
469:
465:
463:
459:
457:
453:
451:
447:
439:
434:
309:
233:
232:
224:
185:
179:
153:
145:
127:
119:
71:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5133:
5131:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5042:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4977:Neoptolemus II
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4892:
4883:
4874:
4872:Mithridates II
4869:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4838:Paerisades III
4835:
4830:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4735:Ariobarzanes I
4732:
4727:
4722:
4720:Ariarathes VII
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4695:Ariarathes III
4692:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4642:Mithridates II
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4545:Mithridates II
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4408:Apollodotus II
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4036:Cleopatra Thea
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
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3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
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3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3588:King of Pontus
3584:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3534:
3533:External links
3531:
3530:
3529:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3478:Ribó, Ignasi,
3476:
3461:
3454:
3438:McGing, B. C.
3436:
3422:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3346:
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3339:
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3333:
3328:
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3321:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3282:
3273:
3261:
3236:
3202:
3178:
3163:
3159:Totelin (2004)
3151:
3133:
3087:
3075:
3071:Totelin (2004)
3063:
3051:
3047:Totelin (2004)
3036:
3011:
3004:
2973:
2969:Totelin (2004)
2961:
2957:Totelin (2004)
2949:
2933:
2914:
2898:
2886:
2868:
2853:
2841:
2824:
2788:
2784:Ch. XXV, §§5–7
2761:
2757:Totelin (2004)
2746:
2696:
2692:Totelin (2004)
2684:
2668:
2664:Totelin (2004)
2656:
2647:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2560:
2535:
2509:
2500:
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2438:
2429:
2417:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2327:
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2263:
2245:
2227:
2217:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:'s 2015 novel
2143:
2115:
2082:
2072:
2058:
2035:
1962:
1961:
1944:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1889:
1879:
1866:
1840:
1839:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1693:Persian Empire
1596:
1593:
1581:Conrad Gessner
1564:
1561:
1497:. As early as
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1124:Persian Empire
1120:Roman Republic
1059:
1056:
993:
990:
955:Battle of Zela
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
774:
771:
770:
761:
759:
758:
751:
744:
736:
729:
726:
638:
635:
570:
567:
464:
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452:
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438:
435:
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414:Hellenic world
394:Roman Republic
361:
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84:
80:
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77:King of Pontus
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
57:King of Pontus
52:
51:
50:Mithridates VI
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5132:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
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5098:
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5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5055:135 BC births
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4957:Neoptolemus I
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Mithridates I
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:Paerisades IV
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:Paerisades II
4804:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Spartokos III
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:Ariarathes IX
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4715:Ariarathes VI
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:Ariarathes IV
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:Ariarathes II
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Antiochus III
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Mithridates I
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
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4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Nicomedes III
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
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4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
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4404:
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4364:
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4359:
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4349:
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4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Demetrius III
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:Antimachus II
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Apollodotus I
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:Eucratides II
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:Euthydemus II
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
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4138:
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3949:
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3936:
3934:
3933:Ptolemy Apion
3931:
3929:
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3921:
3919:
3916:
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3911:
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3906:
3902:
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3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Cleopatra III
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
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3797:
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3626:
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3619:
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3608:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3582:
3581:Mithridates V
3576:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3541:
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3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3473:84-338-2213-6
3470:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:90-04-07591-7
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:0-312-27539-0
3431:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3403:9780691150260
3399:
3395:
3394:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3280:Mayor, p. 114
3277:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3250:
3246:
3245:"Berenice IV"
3240:
3237:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3161:, p. 16.
3160:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3073:, p. 14.
3072:
3067:
3064:
3061:, p. 27.
3060:
3055:
3052:
3049:, p. 10.
3048:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:, p. 31.
3033:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3005:9780128004630
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2910:Compositiones
2907:
2902:
2899:
2896:, p. 33.
2895:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2866:, p. 32.
2865:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2851:, p. 29.
2850:
2845:
2842:
2839:, p. 24.
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
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2801:
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2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2654:McGing, p. 43
2651:
2648:
2645:, p. 28.
2644:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2603:McGing, p. 90
2600:
2597:
2594:McGing, p. 64
2591:
2588:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2483:McGing, p. 11
2480:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2436:Mayor, p. 100
2433:
2430:
2427:Mayor, p. 394
2424:
2422:
2418:
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2256:
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2209:
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2185:
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2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2147:Steven Saylor
2144:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2084:In the novel
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:Poul Anderson
2073:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:The Last King
2059:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:Strong Poison
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2007:
1996:
1988:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1948:A. E. Housman
1945:
1942:
1938:
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1932:
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1915:
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1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783: –
1782:
1778:
1777:Find sources:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1755:This article
1753:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1732:
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1719:
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1711:
1709:
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1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1591:(1806–1817).
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
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1550:
1540:
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1479:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:antibacterial
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
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1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:Roman doctors
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
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1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1187:Mithridates V
1184:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:Personal life
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1076:philhellenism
1069:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1027:Roman History
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:Roman triumph
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:Roman History
1000:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
951:
947:
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927:
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876:
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868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
814:
810:
801:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
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775:
772:
767:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
738:
737:
734:
727:
725:
723:
718:
716:
712:
711:Bithynian era
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:Pontic steppe
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
634:
632:
626:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
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588:
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126:
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113:
109:
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103:
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96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
67:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
5060:63 BC deaths
4992:Alexander II
4848:Paerisades V
4811:Spartokos IV
4775:Paerisades I
4750:Ariarathes X
4705:Ariarathes V
4680:Ariarathes I
4662:Antiochus IV
4647:Antiochus II
4579:Pharnaces II
4573:
4540:Ariobarzanes
4512:Nicomedes IV
4502:Nicomedes II
4428:Apollophanes
4413:Hippostratos
4328:Heliokles II
4288:Demetrius II
4268:Antimachus I
4230:Eucratides I
4225:Demetrius II
4210:Antimachus I
4195:Euthydemus I
3880:Ptolemy XIII
3855:Berenice III
3702:Antipater II
3669:Alexander IV
3598:Pharnaces II
3586:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3480:
3464:
3457:
3443:
3439:
3425:
3418:
3392:
3382:
3369:
3356:
3326:Online books
3316:
3296:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3264:
3252:. Retrieved
3248:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3215:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3171:
3166:
3154:
3144:
3136:
3101:
3078:
3066:
3059:Mayor (2014)
3054:
3032:Mayor (2014)
2990:
2971:, p. 9.
2964:
2952:
2945:De Antidotis
2944:
2936:
2926:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2894:Mayor (2014)
2889:
2879:
2871:
2864:Mayor (2014)
2849:Mayor (2014)
2844:
2837:Mayor (2014)
2810:
2777:
2759:, p. 5.
2724:
2694:, p. 4.
2687:
2677:
2671:
2666:, p. 3.
2659:
2650:
2643:Mayor (2014)
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2574:the original
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2512:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2479:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2432:
2408:. Retrieved
2402:
2370:Mayor, p. 69
2366:
2361:Mayor, p. 68
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2341:the original
2330:
2322:the original
2311:
2297:
2290:Schmitt 2005
2285:
2280:, p. 1.
2273:
2254:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2220:
2201:
2187:Roman Crimea
2176:Mithridatism
2163:
2150:
2118:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2060:
2044:
2038:
2021:
2008:
1993:They poured
1964:
1955:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1911:
1895:
1885:
1869:
1860:
1846:
1828:
1819:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1776:
1764:Please help
1759:verification
1756:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1686:
1671:
1644:
1605:
1598:
1588:
1584:
1566:
1549:Antithēriaka
1548:
1535:Antitheriaca
1534:
1515:Tang dynasty
1451:
1446:
1421:addition of
1373:rhododendron
1299:
1262:Pontic ducks
1246:spring water
1219:Greek doctor
1210:
1195:Mithridatism
1175:
1170:
1158:Mithridatism
1113:
1105:Pontic coins
1073:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1011:
1001:
995:
986:Panticapaeum
967:
939:
922:Gaius Marius
911:
850:Ionian Greek
847:
806:
719:
692:
640:
627:
611:
572:
513:
496:
485:
473:
472:
425:
422:mithridatism
388:in northern
369:
365:
364:
234:
154:(modern-day
147:Panticapaeum
128:(modern-day
55:
29:
5013:Pyrrhus III
4997:Olympias II
4967:Alexander I
4824: [
4821:Spartokos V
4690:Ariamnes II
4637:Antiochus I
4599:Pythodorida
4555:Pharnaces I
4476:Zipoetes II
4471:Nicomedes I
4388:Artemidoros
4383:Menander II
4323:Antialcidas
4308:Agathokleia
4263:Demetrius I
4255:Indo-Greeks
4245:Heliocles I
4200:Demetrius I
4190:Diodotus II
4167:Eumenes III
4162:Attalus III
4137:Philetaerus
4106:Lysimachids
3918:Berenice II
3885:Ptolemy XIV
3767:(pretender)
3697:Alexander V
3679:Antipatrids
3637:Hellenistic
2927:De Medicina
2123:SPQR series
2094:Ignasi Ribó
1989:in his meat
1937:James Joyce
1913:The Prelude
1853:Jean Racine
1851:written by
1723:Cappadocian
1612:Mithridates
1544:Αντιθηριακα
1495:Middle East
1478:Charlemagne
1423:viper flesh
1419:homeopathic
1415:poppy seeds
1359:-consuming
1342:1st century
1330:prescribing
1238:Asclepiades
1203:Attalus III
1171:De Medicina
1126:during the
1023:Cassius Dio
699:Paphlagonia
637:Early reign
509:Hellenistic
497:Miθra-dāta-
494:Old Iranian
474:Mithridates
366:Mithridates
338:Mithridatic
220:Hypsicratea
91:Predecessor
42:Mithridates
5044:Categories
5003:Pyrrhus II
4982:Alcetas II
4947:Tharrhypas
4914:Gepaepyris
4886:Scribonius
4780:Satyros II
4710:Orophernes
4622:Ptolemaeus
4604:Polemon II
4497:Prusias II
4466:Zipoetes I
4438:Strato III
4363:Theophilos
4343:Philoxenus
4298:Menander I
4278:Agathocles
4220:Agathocles
4185:Diodotus I
4157:Attalus II
4152:Eumenes II
4114:Lysimachus
3722:Antigonids
3592:120–63 BC
3518:Spudasmata
3298:3 February
3176:, VII, 24.
2906:Scribonius
2580:3 February
2347:4 November
2278:Mayor 2009
2193:References
2088:(Spanish:
1997:in his cup
1995:strychnine
1902:mithridate
1874:(1707) by
1848:Mithridate
1792:newspapers
1482:Henry VIII
1351:including
1264:(possibly
1250:mithridate
1154:Mithridate
1081:barbarians
1052:Yevpatoria
965:in 66 BC.
822:Social War
817:figurehead
722:Cappadocia
715:Zipoites I
705:with King
688:Diophantus
684:Rhoxolanoi
607:Laodice IV
587:Laodice VI
569:Early life
522:Μιθριδάτης
398:Asia Minor
380:Μιθριδάτης
358:Laodice VI
4987:Pyrrhus I
4952:Alcetas I
4858:Pharnaces
4833:Kamasarye
4816:Leukon II
4800:Hygiainon
4755:Archelaus
4594:Polemon I
4492:Prusias I
4433:Strato II
4423:Zoilos II
4418:Dionysios
4398:Archebius
4368:Peukolaos
4333:Polyxenos
4273:Pantaleon
4215:Pantaleon
4147:Attalus I
4142:Eumenes I
3948:Seleucids
3776:Ptolemies
3765:Philip VI
3712:Sosthenes
3692:Philip IV
3687:Cassander
3654:Philip II
3444:Mnemosyne
3218:. v. 45.
2078:'s novel
1985:They put
1946:The poet
1894:'s novel
1822:June 2022
1731:Archelaus
1697:Orsabaris
1632:Drypetina
1616:Arcathius
1573:polyglots
1557:dyspepsia
1349:electuary
1289:, and 20
1270:hellebore
1058:Rulership
875:Hellenism
661:with the
643:Black Sea
551:Antipater
432:Biography
402:Black Sea
305:Orsabaris
303:(illeg.)
297:(illeg.)
291:(illeg.)
285:(illeg.)
271:Drypetina
251:Arcathius
184:, Turkey)
101:Successor
86:120–63 BC
5018:Deidamia
4999:(regent)
4972:Aeacides
4909:Aspurgus
4802:(regent)
4785:Prytanis
4627:Sames II
4483:(regent)
4456:Boteiras
4403:Telephos
4393:Hermaeus
4348:Diomedes
4318:Strato I
4303:Zoilos I
4129:Attalids
3816:(regent)
3755:Philip V
3566:Archived
3554:Archived
3353:"Pontus"
3254:10 March
3229:14 April
3128:15327592
2741:16565467
2553:10 March
2528:10 March
2445:Getzel,
2158:See also
2140:bogeyman
2049:series,
1667:Xiphares
1651:Athenais
1636:Drypetis
1620:Machares
1563:Polyglot
1533:'s 1745
1527:epilepsy
1519:Averroes
1503:quackery
1490:panaceas
1417:, and a
1381:Tiberius
1377:oleander
1320:and the
1226:megalium
1207:Pergamon
1191:hormesis
1093:Poseidon
1068:Heracles
999:Appian's
974:Machares
946:Lucullus
835:Pergamon
815:, was a
809:Bithynia
677:and the
663:Scythian
647:Anatolia
577:city of
526:Διόνυσος
524:Εὐπάτωρ
412:and the
400:and the
390:Anatolia
281:Xiphares
276:Athenais
256:Machares
5008:Ptolemy
4962:Arybbas
4942:Admetus
4924:Cotys I
4904:Polemon
4899:Polemon
4895:Dynamis
4890:Dynamis
4881:Dynamis
4877:Asander
4867:Dynamis
4863:Asander
4790:Eumelos
4589:Arsaces
4564:Laodice
4487:Ziaelas
4481:Etazeta
4358:Epander
4353:Amyntas
3760:Perseus
3646:Argeads
3421:, 1958.
3345:Sources
3271:17.1.11
3200:, 1970.
3119:1884566
2996:Waltham
2912:, §170.
2819:4130095
2410:26 June
2135:Crassus
2055:Laodice
2032:arsenic
1987:arsenic
1865:(1770).
1806:scholar
1553:England
1454:Western
1427:Pompeii
1401:theriac
1361:beavers
1314:Lenaeus
1302:legions
1283:walnuts
1274:hemlock
1215:shamans
1183:arsenic
1178:120 BC,
1162:Theriac
1109:Perseus
1101:Sarapis
1040:Amaseia
839:Tralles
831:Italian
826:legions
703:Galatia
667:Palacus
655:Georgia
651:Colchis
645:and in
631:Laodice
614:banquet
505:eupator
501:epithet
486:Mihrdāt
476:is the
333:Dynasty
197:Laodice
173:Amaseia
4584:Darius
4378:Nicias
4373:Thraso
4313:Lysias
3639:rulers
3524:
3488:
3471:
3450:
3432:
3400:
3314:about
3269:Strabo
3188:&
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3116:
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2922:Celsus
2817:
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2131:Pompey
1857:Mozart
1808:
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1647:Monime
1601:Iranic
1595:Family
1529:, and
1523:plague
1484:, and
1462:Caesar
1385:ginger
1357:willow
1353:castor
1328:began
1306:Pompey
1304:under
1295:fasted
1242:63 BC,
1160:, and
1089:heroon
1006:Gallic
970:Crimea
959:Pompey
887:Rhodes
879:Athens
869:, and
854:Amasia
783:Second
671:Crimea
622:regent
579:Sinope
575:Pontic
548:Regent
546:, the
532:Iranic
499:. The
490:Mithra
482:Iranic
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448:
354:Mother
344:Father
236:Detail
202:Monime
190:Spouse
182:Amasya
167:Burial
160:Crimea
134:Turkey
121:Sinope
118:135 BC
4897:with
4879:with
4865:with
4828:]
4562:with
4235:Plato
3913:Magas
3141:Pliny
2941:Galen
2876:Pliny
2815:JSTOR
2774:Pliny
2474:Mayor
2449:p.387
2063:is a
1886:Poems
1813:JSTOR
1799:books
1716:Lives
1539:Greek
1499:Pliny
1435:skink
1431:Galen
1411:opium
1369:honey
1365:opium
1355:from
1334:Latin
1324:like
1318:Latin
1278:serum
1258:blood
1254:Pliny
1232:from
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1097:Delos
1085:Delos
1048:Kerch
992:Death
906:Sulla
788:Third
778:First
695:Roman
665:king
536:Greek
516:Greek
484:name
478:Greek
374:Greek
318:Names
230:Issue
156:Kerch
130:Sinop
83:Reign
3522:ISBN
3486:ISBN
3469:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3430:ISBN
3398:ISBN
3300:2024
3256:2023
3231:2024
3124:PMID
3000:ISBN
2737:PMID
2582:2015
2555:2023
2530:2023
2412:2018
2349:2010
2259:ISBN
2133:and
1785:news
1721:The
1622:and
1525:and
1456:and
1441:and
1397:Nero
1389:wine
1375:and
1363:and
1310:Rome
1300:The
1287:figs
1285:, 2
1272:and
1228:and
1087:: a
837:and
701:and
599:Nysa
589:and
561:and
534:and
410:Asia
141:Died
115:Born
4461:Bas
3220:doi
3114:PMC
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2729:doi
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2125:by
2117:In
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2067:by
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