3714:
2983:
754:
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3720:
1261:
575:
2994:
68:
3000:
3708:
369:
2473:
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388:
of later ichthyosaurs. The jaws were narrow, with several sharp teeth, that would have been ideal for catching fish. They had relatively large skulls compared to their bodies, unlike the basal ichthyosaurs, but resembled fish-shaped ichthyosaurs that appeared later. They had around 50 vertebrae in front of the pelvic girdle, around twice as many as terrestrial
743:
50:
387:
for stability in the water. The paddle-like limbs were made up of five toes each, unlike the three toes found in later
Ichthyosaurs. Noteworthy, however, is that each toe had more individual bones than is usual in reptiles, and the front limbs were longer than the back limbs, both adaptations typical
382:
was a small ichthyosaur, measuring 73–100 cm (2.40–3.28 ft) long and weighing 2.2–5.7 kg (4.9–12.6 lb). The largest specimens would have measured over 2 m (6.6 ft) in length. It possessed a long tail with a low fin, suggesting it wasn’t as fast as
Jurassic Ichthyosaurs,
719:
are higher than they are long. This is evidence for its transitional position between basal early
Triassic ichthyosaurs and more derived Jurassic and Cretaceous species; who have disc shaped circular centra of the vertebrae. This species has been moved to its own genus,
1887:
Klein, Nicole; Schmitz, Lars; Wintrich, Tanja; Sander, P. Martin (2020). "A new cymbospondylid ichthyosaur (Ichthyosauria) from the Middle
Triassic (Anisian) of the Augusta Mountains, Nevada, USA".
1497:
Sander, P.M.; Griebeler, E.M.; Klein, N.; Juarbe, J.V.; Wintrich, T.; Revell, L.J.; Schmitz, L. (2021). "Early giant reveals faster evolution of large body size in ichthyosaurs than in cetaceans".
448:
occurring in the dental region. Examples of the dental variation are the extent of the dental groove in the upper jaw, the shape and size of the teeth and the number of rows of teeth
1931:
656:
HL-21-08-002 being the holotype and only known specimen. This specimen, a largely complete but disarticulated skeleton, was found in the Upper Member of the
Guanling Formation in
1979:
3906:
3837:
2011:
3901:
3713:
3896:
3824:
771:
of mixosaurid ichthyosaurs has been a controversial topic. Most recently, Mixosauridae has been separated into
Mixosaurinae and the sister group
3921:
3891:
1633:
352:
Numerous species have been described within this genus, which was once considered as the most common genus of
Triassic ichthyosaurs. The
1834:
1793:
3926:
3916:
2982:
620:
is the only
Triassic ichthyosaur for which completely articulated skeletons have been found. Many specimens have been collected but
2004:
1279:
1070:
653:
3719:
1577:"New findings reveal that the middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin"
843:
should be included in
Mixosauridae but only dental material has been found so it is difficult to assign it to a genus.
3911:
2993:
1997:
624:
is not well studied, this is because all of the known specimens have been compressed during the preservation process.
1696:"A new look at ichthyosaur long bone microanatomy and histology: implications for their adaption to an aquatic life"
67:
3756:
2999:
700:
The specimens found have important
Mixosaurid characteristics such as a long sagittal crest along the top of the
1847:
3751:
3707:
1412:"A new species of mixosaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of Luxi County, Yunnan Province, South China"
1806:
1694:
Houssaye, Alexandra; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Kolb, Christian; Fisher, Valentin; Sander, P. Martin (April 2014).
880:
3777:
2472:
2466:
1360:(Ichthyosauria: Mixosauridae) from South China, showing postcranial anatomy and peri-Tethyan distribution"
1135:
3863:
3746:
1973:
1759:
753:
2820:
2742:
2690:
1896:
1707:
1660:
1549:
1463:
1371:
1315:
1274:
1152:
1005:
445:
444:
share many similar characteristics throughout the cranial and post cranial with the main differences
2478:
3106:
2949:
2096:
1266:
657:
556:
2963:
3219:
2638:
2523:
2273:
2158:
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2020:
1954:
1912:
1851:
1810:
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1606:
1522:
1479:
1331:
793:
764:
722:
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237:
62:
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2238:
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1598:
1514:
1111:
988:
964:
599:
574:
318:
213:
192:
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3457:
3262:
3118:
3063:
2617:
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1946:
1904:
1843:
1802:
1725:
1715:
1668:
1651:
1588:
1557:
1506:
1471:
1423:
1379:
1323:
1302:
Cheng Ji; Da-Yong Jiang; Ryosuke Motani; Olivier Rieppel; Wei-Cheng Hao; Zuo-Yu Sun (2016).
678:
3815:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3442:
3346:
3294:
3195:
2956:
2935:
2928:
2806:
2785:
2645:
2355:
2316:
2282:
2254:
2203:
817:
661:
489:
283:
1900:
1791:
Jiang, D.; et al. (2006). "A new mixosaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic".
1711:
1664:
1553:
1467:
1375:
1319:
3650:
3643:
3615:
3384:
3322:
3315:
3278:
3271:
3250:
3145:
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2717:
2670:
2578:
2570:
2563:
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1730:
1695:
631:
327:
3885:
3636:
3514:
3421:
3400:
3204:
3137:
3127:
3084:
3044:
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2509:
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2426:
2298:
2291:
2214:
2196:
1916:
1610:
1526:
1483:
1303:
709:
337:
122:
1958:
1855:
1814:
1335:
1304:"Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia incorporating recent discoveries from South China"
704:
but is seen as a different species because there is no external contact between the
521:, meaning the description was insufficient to fully classify them as a species, are
3595:
3588:
3567:
3552:
3507:
3477:
3362:
3308:
3181:
2918:
2866:
2766:
2758:
2726:
2683:
2629:
2603:
2384:
2377:
2337:
2305:
2247:
1680:
1561:
368:
353:
177:
148:
135:
1950:
1908:
1649:
Motani, R.; et al. (1996). "Eel like swimming in the earliest ichthyosaurs".
1327:
396:
may have lived near shore or in a shelf-like habitat as it possesses more compact
317:. The name means "Mixed Lizard", and was chosen because it appears to have been a
1720:
3809:
3470:
3435:
3354:
3160:
3153:
3030:
3017:
2942:
2877:
2836:
2773:
2697:
2227:
2183:
2172:
2065:
1760:"Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria – the state of the art"
611:
507:
397:
307:
303:
295:
1575:
Renesto, Silvio; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Fogliazza, Fabio; Ragni, Cinzia (2020).
3664:
3622:
3529:
3522:
3428:
3369:
3236:
3077:
3051:
2813:
2659:
2404:
2395:
2344:
2081:
2050:
1475:
1256:
803:
772:
690:
495:
436:
384:
314:
168:
3800:
1602:
3559:
3544:
3392:
3211:
2364:
1510:
851:
768:
716:
79:
1739:
1593:
1576:
1518:
1428:
1411:
345:
as a new genus because its forefin was sufficiently different from that of
1626:
The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals
3794:
3581:
2705:
2530:
2044:
828:
Mixosaurids are characterised by a relatively short and wide humerus and
595:
291:
99:
39:
30:
3829:
3629:
2411:
2056:
1384:
1355:
742:
389:
332:
287:
276:
109:
49:
35:
2038:
1989:
1672:
603:
360:, and the definitive number of species is debated among researchers.
89:
3771:
832:
are characterised by the lack of a dental groove in the upper jaw.
752:
741:
705:
701:
694:
682:
607:
367:
299:
279:
451:
Previous authors assigned other species to the genus, including
3775:
3735:
3015:
2494:
2143:
2031:
1993:
638:. This indicates that it had exceptionally strong jaw muscles.
322:
1354:
Jun Liu; Ryosuke Motani; Da-Yong Jiang; et al. (2013).
846:
715:
Articulated skeletons have been found and the centra of the
1848:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0983:ttsomn]2.0.co;2
1807:
10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[60:anmift]2.0.co;2
648:
In 2024, Ye-Wei Fang and coauthors named a new species,
1828:
Schmitz.; et al. (2010). "The taxonomic status of
1540:
Motani, R. (1999). "Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia".
1932:"A new phylogeny of ichthyosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida)"
1052:
Cladogram following the preferred tree of Moon, 2017.
1871:
Handbook of Paeoherpetology, Part 8, Ichthyopterygia
836:
fossils are found in every major Mixosaur locality.
634:
associated with the expansion of the upper temporal
3784:
3605:
3456:
3411:
3332:
3292:
3261:
3234:
3194:
3179:
3126:
3105:
3061:
3028:
2916:
2876:
2847:
2784:
2716:
2669:
2628:
2601:
2553:
2507:
2425:
2394:
2363:
2354:
2315:
2281:
2272:
2237:
2213:
2182:
2156:
2107:
2080:
664:, China; the species name refers to this county.
1978:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1410:Fang, Y.-W.; Wolniewicz, A. S.; Liu, J. (2024).
400:within its long bones than other Ichthyosaurs.
2005:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1450:Motani R. (1999). "The skull and taxonomy of
689:, which consists of thinly bedded bituminous
677:was discovered in the Middle Triassic of the
408:A 2024 study which described the new species
8:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1356:"The first specimen of the Middle Triassic
412:showed that the identity of species within
57:Dorsal view of fossil showing top of skull
3772:
3732:
3462:
3338:
3300:
3289:
3242:
3191:
3187:
3112:
3102:
3069:
3036:
3025:
3012:
2913:
2790:
2675:
2609:
2550:
2515:
2504:
2491:
2369:
2360:
2321:
2278:
2219:
2188:
2164:
2153:
2140:
2086:
2077:
2028:
2012:
1998:
1990:
1961:. Archived from the original on 2020-03-18
1349:
1347:
1345:
48:
20:
3907:Middle Triassic reptiles of North America
1729:
1719:
1628:. London: Marshall Editions. p. 79.
1592:
1427:
1383:
1297:
1295:
1882:
1880:
1873:. Munchen: Friedrich Pfeil. p. 175.
416:is debated among researchers except for
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1291:
685:. The specimens have been found in the
298:. Its fossils have been found near the
1971:
854:following Jiang and colleagues, 2006.
392:. Recent studies suggest that genus
7:
1939:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1889:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1177:
1127:
1086:
1062:
1055:
980:
956:
897:
871:
864:
857:
434:, and it may more likely belong to
243:Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006
3902:Middle Triassic reptiles of Europe
1835:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1794:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1542:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1308:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
3897:Middle Triassic reptiles of Asia
3718:
3712:
3706:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2477:
2471:
2465:
1869:Prof. Dr. H.D Sues, ed. (2003).
1280:Timeline of ichthyosaur research
1259:
734:based on phylogenetic analyses.
594:have been found from the Middle
573:
555:
232:Fang, Wolniewicz & Liu, 2024
66:
1071:Barracudasauroides panxianensis
313:The genus was named in 1887 by
1562:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011160
335:-shaped ichthyosaurs, such as
1:
3922:Fossil taxa described in 1887
1951:10.1080/14772019.2017.1394922
1909:10.1080/14772019.2020.1748132
1581:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1416:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1328:10.1080/02724634.2015.1025956
325:-shaped ichthyosaurs such as
3892:Middle Triassic ichthyosaurs
1721:10.1371/journal.pone.0095637
487:. These are now included in
566:showing soft tissue outline
562:Skeletal reconstruction of
3943:
1830:Mixosaurus nordenskioeldii
1758:Michael W. Maisch (2010).
726:. The 2024 study included
375:with a human hand to scale
3742:
3731:
3704:
3465:
3341:
3303:
3288:
3245:
3190:
3115:
3101:
3072:
3039:
3024:
3011:
2979:
2912:
2793:
2678:
2612:
2549:
2518:
2503:
2490:
2463:
2372:
2324:
2222:
2191:
2167:
2152:
2139:
2089:
2076:
2027:
1476:10.1017/S0022336000040750
1199:
1182:
1175:
1149:
1132:
1125:
1108:
1091:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1002:
985:
978:
961:
954:
919:
902:
895:
876:
869:
862:
205:
200:
186:Ichthyosaurus cornalianus
183:
176:
63:Scientific classification
61:
56:
47:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
3927:Ichthyosauromorph genera
3917:Taxa named by Georg Baur
1624:Palmer, D., ed. (1999).
1203:Mixosaurus kuhnschnyderi
923:Mixosaurus kuhnschnyderi
1511:10.1126/science.abf5787
1456:Journal of Paleontology
1095:Mixosaurus xindianensis
881:Mixosaurus panxianensis
675:Mixosaurus panxianensis
669:Mixosaurus panxianensis
606:areas on the border of
1594:10.4202/app.00731.2020
1429:10.4202/app.01133.2024
1186:Mixosaurus cornalianus
1136:Contectopalatus atavus
906:Mixosaurus cornalianus
839:It was suggested that
760:
750:
628:Mixosaurus cornalianus
622:Mixosaurus cornalianus
618:Mixosaurus cornalianus
592:Mixosaurus cornalianus
546:Mixosaurus cornalianus
428:has been suggested as
376:
252:Chen & Cheng, 2010
3864:Paleobiology Database
756:
745:
383:but also possessed a
371:
294:, about 250-240 Mya)
2821:Guizhouichthyosaurus
2743:Guizhouichthyosaurus
2691:Guizhouichthyosaurus
1454:(Ichthyopterygia)".
1275:List of ichthyosaurs
1153:Phalarodon callawayi
1006:Phalarodon callawayi
763:In recent years the
643:Mixosaurus luxiensis
580:Life restoration of
517:species declared as
42:, about 247–242 Mya)
3107:Temnodontosauroidea
1930:Moon, B.C. (2017).
1901:2020JSPal..18.1167K
1712:2014PLoSO...995637H
1665:1996Natur.382..347M
1554:1999JVPal..19..473M
1468:1999JPal...73..924M
1376:2013Palgy..56..849L
1320:2016JVPal..36E5956J
1267:Paleontology portal
485:Liu & Yin, 2008
440:. Known species of
3912:Guanling Formation
3737:Related categories
3220:Protoichthyosaurus
2639:Barracudasauroides
2524:Quasianosteosaurus
2274:Ichthyosauriformes
2159:Ichthyosauromorpha
2146:Ichthyosauromorpha
2109:Ichthyosauromorpha
2021:Ichthyosauromorpha
1505:(6575): eabf5787.
1385:10.1111/pala.12021
794:Barracudasauroides
761:
751:
723:Barracudasauroides
687:Guanling Formation
590:Many specimens of
539:M. nordenskioeldii
502:Barracudasauroides
431:species inquirenda
377:
3879:
3878:
3851:Open Tree of Life
3778:Taxon identifiers
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3757:Triassic reptiles
3727:
3726:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3538:Kazakhstanosaurus
3452:
3451:
3413:Ophthalmosaurinae
3378:Myobradypterygius
3334:Ophthalmosauridae
3230:
3229:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3007:
3006:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2859:Qianichthyosaurus
2597:
2596:
2486:
2485:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2421:
2420:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2239:Parahupehsuchinae
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
1895:(14): 1167–1191.
1659:(6589): 347–388.
1635:978-1-84028-152-1
1358:Phalarodon atavus
1249:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1164:
1163:
1112:Phalarodon fraasi
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
989:Phalarodon fraasi
965:Phalarodon atavus
943:
942:
934:
933:
600:Monte San Giorgio
486:
479:
468:
457:
456:(Quenstedt, 1852)
319:transitional form
268:
267:
262:
261:Chen et al., 2016
253:
244:
233:
225:
224:(Brinkmann, 1998)
217:
172:
3934:
3872:
3871:
3859:
3858:
3846:
3845:
3833:
3832:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3773:
3733:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3658:Simbirskiasaurus
3607:Platypterygiinae
3575:Pervushovisaurus
3463:
3458:Platypterygiidae
3339:
3301:
3290:
3263:Stenopterygiidae
3243:
3192:
3188:
3119:Temnodontosaurus
3113:
3103:
3070:
3064:Neoichthyosauria
3037:
3026:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2914:
2791:
2676:
2618:Cymbospondylidae
2610:
2555:Cymbospondylidae
2551:
2516:
2505:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2370:
2361:
2322:
2279:
2220:
2189:
2165:
2154:
2141:
2087:
2078:
2071:
2070:
2029:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1936:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1788:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1755:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1673:10.1038/382347a0
1646:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1596:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1407:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1351:
1340:
1339:
1299:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1178:
1128:
1087:
1063:
1056:
981:
957:
898:
872:
865:
858:
847:
841:Tholodus schmidi
785:M. kuhnschnyderi
773:Phalarondontinae
730:as a species of
679:Guizhou Province
577:
559:
511:, respectively.
484:
482:M. yangjuanensis
473:
462:
455:
422:M. kuhnschnyderi
260:
251:
242:
231:
223:
221:M. kuhnschnyderi
211:
167:
160:
147:
134:
121:
71:
70:
52:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3867:
3862:
3854:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3780:
3770:
3761:
3752:Marine reptiles
3738:
3723:
3670:
3601:
3501:Brachypterygius
3493:Athabascasaurus
3485:Arthropterygius
3448:
3443:Ophthalmosaurus
3407:
3347:Arthropterygius
3328:
3297:
3295:Ophthalmosauria
3284:
3257:
3239:
3226:
3196:Ichthyosauridae
3184:
3167:
3122:
3097:
3066:
3057:
3033:
3020:
3003:
2969:
2957:Svalbardosaurus
2936:Pachygonosaurus
2929:Barracudasaurus
2892:
2872:
2843:
2807:Californosaurus
2786:Euichthyosauria
2780:
2712:
2665:
2646:Contectopalatus
2624:
2606:
2593:
2545:
2512:
2499:
2482:
2441:
2417:
2390:
2356:Eoichthyosauria
2350:
2317:Ichthyopterygia
2311:
2283:Omphalosauridae
2260:
2255:Parahupehsuchus
2233:
2209:
2204:Nanchangosaurus
2178:
2161:
2148:
2123:
2103:
2072:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2018:
1988:
1987:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1790:
1789:
1778:
1767:Palaeodiversity
1762:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1449:
1448:
1437:
1409:
1408:
1393:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1314:(1): e1025956.
1301:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1165:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
944:
935:
818:Contectopalatus
799:B. panxianensis
789:M. xindianensis
740:
728:M. panxianensis
672:
662:Yunnan Province
646:
588:
587:
586:
585:
584:
578:
569:
568:
567:
560:
549:
490:Contectopalatus
471:M. panxianensis
426:M. xindianensis
406:
366:
284:Middle Triassic
257:M. xinzhaiensis
248:M. xindianensis
238:M. panxianensis
196:
189:
166:
158:
145:
132:
119:
65:
43:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3860:
3847:
3834:
3821:
3806:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3651:Plutoniosaurus
3647:
3644:Platypterygius
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3616:Caypullisaurus
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3474:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3385:Nannopterygius
3381:
3374:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3323:Macropterygius
3319:
3316:Delphinosaurus
3312:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3279:Stenopterygius
3275:
3272:Magnipterygius
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:Chacaicosaurus
3246:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3150:
3146:Excalibosaurus
3142:
3133:
3131:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3092:Suevoleviathan
3088:
3081:
3073:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2849:Toretocnemidae
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2829:Mikadocephalus
2825:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2799:Auroroborealia
2794:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2751:Himalayasaurus
2747:
2739:
2735:Guanlingsaurus
2731:
2722:
2720:
2718:Shastasauridae
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2673:
2671:Merriamosauria
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2579:Thalattoarchon
2575:
2571:Phantomosaurus
2567:
2564:Cymbospondylus
2559:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2330:Isfjordosaurus
2325:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2285:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1922:
1876:
1861:
1842:(4): 983–985.
1820:
1776:
1745:
1686:
1641:
1634:
1616:
1567:
1548:(3): 472–495.
1532:
1489:
1462:(5): 924–935.
1435:
1422:(2): 263–280.
1391:
1370:(4): 849–866.
1341:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
984:
979:
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
960:
955:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
941:
940:
937:
936:
932:
931:
928:
927:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
901:
896:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
875:
870:
868:
863:
861:
856:
845:
781:M. cornalianus
758:M. cornalianus
747:M. cornalianus
739:
738:Classification
736:
671:
666:
645:
640:
632:sagittal crest
582:M. cornalianus
579:
572:
571:
570:
564:M. cornalianus
561:
554:
553:
552:
551:
550:
548:
543:
523:M. maotaiensis
418:M. cornalianus
405:
402:
365:
362:
358:M. cornalianus
331:and the later
328:Cymbospondylus
315:George H. Baur
306:border and in
266:
265:
264:
263:
254:
245:
234:
226:
218:
209:M. cornalianus
203:
202:
198:
197:
190:
181:
180:
174:
173:
156:
152:
151:
143:
139:
138:
130:
126:
125:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
54:
53:
45:
44:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3939:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3734:
3730:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3637:Maiaspondylus
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:Cryopterygius
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3422:Acamptonectes
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3402:
3401:Thalassodraco
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3205:Ichthyosaurus
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:Eurhinosaurus
3135:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:Leptonectidae
3125:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3085:Hauffiopteryx
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:Hudsonelpidia
3042:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2950:Sphaerodontes
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2587:Xinminosaurus
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2539:Xinminosaurus
2536:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2510:Ichthyosauria
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:Ichthyosauria
2493:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2427:Ichthyosauria
2424:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2299:Omphalosaurus
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:Cartorhynchus
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Hupehsuchidae
2212:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:Eohupehsuchus
2194:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1706:(4): e95637.
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1586:
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1578:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1559:
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1516:
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1493:
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1477:
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1469:
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1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:Palaeontology
1361:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
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1296:
1292:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
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1268:
1257:
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1245:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
990:
983:
982:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
966:
959:
958:
952:
951:
948:
947:
939:
938:
930:
929:
926:
925:
924:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
907:
900:
899:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
883:
882:
874:
873:
867:
866:
860:
859:
855:
853:
849:
848:
844:
842:
837:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
819:
814:
810:
806:
805:
800:
796:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
759:
755:
748:
744:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
724:
718:
713:
711:
710:quadratojugal
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
670:
667:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
623:
619:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
583:
576:
565:
558:
547:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
531:M. timorensis
528:
527:M. helveticus
524:
520:
516:
512:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
497:
492:
491:
483:
477:
472:
466:
461:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
438:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
391:
386:
381:
374:
370:
363:
361:
359:
355:
350:
348:
347:Ichthyosaurus
344:
341:. Baur named
340:
339:
338:Ichthyosaurus
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
273:
258:
255:
249:
246:
240:
239:
235:
230:
227:
222:
219:
215:
210:
207:
206:
204:
199:
194:
188:
187:
182:
179:
175:
170:
165:
164:
157:
154:
153:
150:
144:
141:
140:
137:
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:Ichthyosauria
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
64:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3785:
3747:Ichthyosaurs
3711:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3596:Undorosaurus
3594:
3589:Sveltonectes
3587:
3580:
3573:
3568:Parrassaurus
3566:
3558:
3553:Muiscasaurus
3551:
3543:
3536:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3508:Catutosaurus
3506:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3478:Aegirosaurus
3476:
3469:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3363:Jabalisaurus
3361:
3353:
3345:
3321:
3314:
3309:Argovisaurus
3307:
3277:
3270:
3249:
3218:
3210:
3203:
3182:Thunnosauria
3159:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3117:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3050:
3043:
2986:
2964:Tibetosaurus
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2919:Nomina dubia
2917:
2867:Toretocnemus
2865:
2857:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2772:
2767:Shastasaurus
2765:
2759:Ichthyotitan
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2727:Besanosaurus
2725:
2704:
2696:
2689:
2684:Besanosaurus
2682:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:Mixosauridae
2616:
2604:Hueneosauria
2585:
2577:
2569:
2562:
2537:
2529:
2522:
2470:
2410:
2403:
2385:Utatsusaurus
2383:
2378:Parvinatator
2376:
2343:
2338:Chaohusaurus
2336:
2328:
2306:Sclerocormus
2304:
2297:
2290:
2253:
2248:Eretmorhipis
2246:
2226:
2202:
2195:
2171:
2061:
1974:cite journal
1963:. Retrieved
1942:
1938:
1925:
1892:
1888:
1870:
1864:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1798:
1792:
1770:
1766:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1625:
1619:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1419:
1415:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1311:
1307:
1243:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1151:
1150:
1134:
1133:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1069:
1068:
1051:
1046:
1004:
1003:
987:
986:
963:
962:
922:
921:
920:
905:
904:
903:
879:
878:
877:
850:
840:
838:
833:
829:
827:
822:
816:
813:P. callawayi
812:
808:
802:
798:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
762:
757:
746:
731:
727:
721:
714:
699:
674:
673:
668:
650:M. luxiensis
649:
647:
642:
627:
626:
621:
617:
616:
591:
589:
581:
563:
545:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:nomen dubium
518:
514:
513:
506:
500:
494:
488:
481:
475:
470:
464:
460:M. callawayi
459:
452:
450:
441:
435:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:M. luxiensis
409:
407:
393:
379:
378:
372:
357:
354:type species
351:
346:
342:
336:
326:
321:between the
312:
271:
270:
269:
256:
247:
236:
229:M. luxiensis
228:
220:
208:
185:
184:
178:Type species
162:
161:
149:Mixosaurinae
136:Mixosauridae
24:
18:
3810:Wikispecies
3471:Acuetzpalin
3436:Mollesaurus
3355:Gengasaurus
3161:Wahlisaurus
3154:Leptonectes
3031:Parvipelvia
3018:Parvipelvia
2943:Pessosaurus
2878:Parvipelvia
2837:Shonisaurus
2774:Shonisaurus
2698:Pessopteryx
2228:Hupehsuchus
2184:Hupehsuchia
2173:Baisesaurus
2066:Neodiapsida
1945:(2): 1–27.
658:Luxi County
612:Switzerland
508:Nothosaurus
398:spongy bone
364:Description
308:South China
304:Switzerland
296:ichthyosaur
142:Subfamily:
3886:Categories
3816:Mixosaurus
3786:Mixosaurus
3665:Sisteronia
3623:Kyhytysuka
3530:Janusaurus
3523:Grendelius
3429:Baptanodon
3370:Janusaurus
3237:Baracromia
3078:Dearcmhara
3052:Macgowania
2887:see below↓
2814:Callawayia
2660:Phalarodon
2653:Mixosaurus
2436:see below↓
2405:Gulosaurus
2396:Grippiidae
2345:Thaisaurus
2118:see below↓
2097:Sauropsida
2082:Sauropsida
2055:Subclass:
2051:Sauropsida
1965:2023-06-09
1773:: 151–214.
1452:Mixosaurus
1286:References
834:Phalarodon
830:Phalarodon
804:Phalarodon
777:Mixosaurus
732:Mixosaurus
691:limestones
515:Mixosaurus
496:Phalarodon
446:morphology
442:Mixosaurus
437:Phalarodon
414:Mixosaurus
394:Mixosaurus
385:dorsal fin
380:Mixosaurus
373:Mixosaurus
343:Mixosaurus
272:Mixosaurus
163:Mixosaurus
25:Mixosaurus
3560:Palvennia
3545:Keilhauia
3393:Palvennia
3212:Malawania
2365:Grippidia
2037:Kingdom:
1917:219078178
1801:: 60–69.
1611:222285117
1603:0567-7920
1527:245444783
1484:130661969
852:Cladogram
823:C. atavus
821:contains
809:P. fraasi
807:contains
797:contains
779:contains
769:phylogeny
717:vertebrae
453:M. atavus
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
3795:Wikidata
3582:Sumpalla
2706:Wimanius
2531:Tholodus
2057:Diapsida
2045:Chordata
2043:Phylum:
2039:Animalia
1959:90912678
1856:84214133
1815:55171917
1740:24752508
1700:PLOS ONE
1519:34941418
1336:85621052
1253:See also
765:taxonomy
749:in Milan
708:and the
636:fenestra
602:and the
596:Triassic
535:M. major
463:Schmitz
390:diapsids
292:Ladinian
201:Species
129:Family:
110:Reptilia
100:Chordata
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
40:Ladinian
31:Triassic
3856:4126886
3843:1366635
3830:4818035
3801:Q134753
3630:Leninia
2412:Grippia
2049:Class:
1897:Bibcode
1731:3994080
1708:Bibcode
1681:4323012
1661:Bibcode
1550:Bibcode
1499:Science
1464:Bibcode
1372:Bibcode
1316:Bibcode
652:, with
404:Species
333:dolphin
288:Anisian
277:extinct
216:, 1886)
214:Bassani
195:, 1886)
193:Bassani
155:Genus:
116:Order:
106:Class:
36:Anisian
1957:
1915:
1854:
1813:
1738:
1728:
1679:
1652:Nature
1632:
1609:
1601:
1525:
1517:
1482:
1334:
1244:
815:, and
630:has a
604:Tessin
537:, and
478:, 2006
476:et al.
474:Jiang
467:, 2004
465:et al.
275:is an
171:, 1887
3869:36562
3838:IRMNG
2062:Clade
1955:S2CID
1935:(PDF)
1913:S2CID
1852:S2CID
1811:S2CID
1763:(PDF)
1677:S2CID
1607:S2CID
1523:S2CID
1480:S2CID
1332:S2CID
706:jugal
702:skull
695:marls
683:China
608:Italy
300:Italy
280:genus
3825:GBIF
2095:see
1980:link
1736:PMID
1630:ISBN
1599:ISSN
1515:PMID
811:and
787:and
767:and
693:and
654:HFUT
610:and
505:and
480:and
420:and
169:Baur
1947:doi
1905:doi
1844:doi
1832:".
1803:doi
1726:PMC
1716:doi
1669:doi
1657:382
1589:doi
1558:doi
1507:doi
1503:374
1472:doi
1424:doi
1380:doi
1324:doi
598:of
356:is
323:eel
290:to
282:of
38:to
3888::
3866::
3853::
3840::
3827::
3812::
3797::
2064::
1976:}}
1972:{{
1953:.
1943:17
1941:.
1937:.
1911:.
1903:.
1893:18
1891:.
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1850:.
1840:25
1838:.
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2013:e
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1949::
1919:.
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302:–
286:(
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159:†
146:†
133:†
120:†
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
