2279:
which took place in 1996, and dealt with the history of
Mizrahi oppression in Israel, including issues from the participants' childhood and until the fateful feminist conference less than two years earlier. The social and political implications of dealing face-on with the oppression, discrimination, and humiliation that were and still are the lot of the Mizrahi women included the development of Mizrahi feminist consciousness among many Mizrahi women, who had never before seen feminism as a movement that was relevant to them. Later on, after the formulation of Mizrahi feminist theory and the cohesion of the group into a solidly independent movement, the Mizrahi feminist broadened their areas of activity, whether in long-recognized areas of feminism such as legislation, education and culture, or in the founding of uniquely Mizrahi feminist organizations, the primary example of which is Achoti - for Women in Israel, which was founded in 2000 and operates according to the principles of Mizrahi feminism, providing such services as forums and workshops, a community center, a publishing house, political action, education and more.
2182:
men, and her oppressors and exploiters as a member of the lower social class. In addition, Mizrahi feminists are also acutely aware of their own oppressive position as part of the Jewish majority that oppresses the Arab-Palestinian minority, women and men alike. All of which require her to undertake a complex worldview, to look critically into herself and her actions, move seamlessly among different and conflicting identities, and, most importantly, to create a new world through non-violent eradication of the oppressive old world... Mizrahi feminism points to the mechanisms of oppression within feminism itself, which oppress and marginalize women by choosing to ignore its inherent structures of power. Mizrahi feminism thus exposes the prevalent practice of
Ashkenazi feminism to articulate itself as a feminism representing all women, and to present the particular agenda of Ashkenazi women of the upper and middle classes as if it were a universal agenda reflecting the priorities of all women in Israel.
2305:
Jewish groups, from entirely disparate countries and continents, did not necessarily share language, culture or tradition. In the
Israeli "melting pot", they began to share a common fate, however - as inferior subjects, brought to Israel to do "dirty work" and help the newly-formed country. Mizrahi immigrants where therefore intentionally placed as a bulwark against Arab invasion from Jordan/Judea and Samaria, with the double purpose of keeping them away from the Ashkenazi city centers. Mizrahi youth have also been placed at the center of the conflict, as they are channeled into combat infantry units in Israel's military, placing them as the front line. For the women, the military conflict is around the roles played by husbands and sons, including ramifications such as persistent PTSD - all the while they themselves are still viewed as inferior in the wider society and their earning power is reduced.
2199:, out three theoretical conclusions of Mizrahi feminist analysis: "First, blindness, transparency, and exclusion of social categories are not only binary, occurring on the part of the hegemon towards the marginal groups. The phenomena of exclusion, displacement and transparency also exist between groups that are not hegemonic and within them. Marginalized and oppressed groups are not exempt from being discriminatory themselves. Second, an understanding of the difference between transparency, exclusion and marginalization is essential to arriving at the solutions required for social change, whether through legislation or political struggle.Third, legal recognition and affirmative action are conditioned upon the existence of a political struggle to pave the way for public recognition that must precede legal recognition."
2256:
Mizrahi feminists engaged in angry protest at the event, and stormed the stage during the ideological debate, accusing
Ashkenazi feminists of racism, oppression and exclusion, and began narrating and describing their experiences as Mizrahi in Israel. Among their stories, the women recounted how their names were taken from them and changed to Israeli names upon their arrival in Israel, the degrading treatment and racism that was and continues to be endemic to Israeli society and institutions, attitudes that pressured or forced them to deny and abandon their Arab culture and their languages of origin in order to integrate into Israeli society.
2236:. Mizrahi feminists also claimed that they experienced oppression and discrimination by white feminists in the course of their activities in the feminist movement. Mizrahi feminists demanded recognition of the discrimination they face on ethnic and class grounds within and outside the feminist movement, the formulation of a new feminist agenda that includes the needs and interests of Mizrahi women, and an egalitarian distribution of resources, control of decision-making and representation in the core organizations of the feminist movement, in which Ashkenazi feminists held exclusive control.
40:
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2159:. The basic claim of Mizrahi feminism is that lower-class women find themselves positioned not only at the margins of the class ladder below men, but also below upper-class women. Therefore, the differences between groups of women are sometimes greater than the differences between the men and women from the same social group.
2304:
In the army, alongside the
Mizrahi integration into Israel. "Mizrahi" is a term almost unique to Israel, which is used to include all Jews who came to Israel from Arab or Muslim countries. However, in their countries of origin, Iraqi, Egyptian, Persian, Moroccan, Greek, Azerbaijani, Turkish and other
2296:
The ability to reconcile religion, or at least Jewish tradition, with feminism. Mizrahi culture retains a closer attachment to tradition than the hegemonic
Ashkenazi culture, which is largely secular. Feminism in particular was imported to Israel in the 1970s by American immigrants, and therefore was
2278:
After the events of the conference, and the refusal of
Ashkenazi feminists to recognize the demands of Mizrahi feminists, some Mizrachi women felt that they had no choice but to separate themselves from the feminist movement and to act separately. They organized the first Mizrahi feminist conference,
2300:
Racism and racial discrimination - schools, workplaces, politics, army (especially central to
Israeli life), youth groups and other settings are still largely (if unofficially) segregated in Israel, perpetuating racial stereotypes and outright discrimination, with all its consequences - for example,
2287:
Similarly to any ethnic movement, Mizrahi feminism deals with the particular oppression occurring at the intersection between
Mizrahi ethnicity and gender. Some of the particular issues facing Mizrahi women in Israel, and particularly setting Mizrahi feminism apart from Ashkenazi feminism, include:
2255:
and others, initiated an action to "take the mic" at the 10th
Feminist Conference in Givat Haviva in 1994. This time, they consciously chose a plan of actions that would ensure they could not be ignored or their issues tabled, even at the cost of open confrontation with the Ashkenazi feminists. The
2227:
In the 1980s and early 1990s, attempts were made to place Mizrahi feminism on the feminist agenda in Israel, in order to bring attention to the range of issues related to the unique life experiences of non-white women. The Mizrahi feminists claimed that Israeli feminism, which purports to represent
2181:
In the life of a Mizrahi feminist, gender-based oppressions intersect with ethnic ones, and most often with class-based oppressions as well. Thus, she finds herself struggling on several fronts: against masculine oppression, Mizrahi-masculine oppression, the ethnic oppression by Ashkenazi women and
2210:
I am a woman in all my entirety, I am an Israeli, I am a Persian, I am religious, I am alone, but I would be happy to find a partner. Each of these elements is a crucial part of my identity. I am also in favor of gender equality and I most certainly write women's poetry because I know that if I do
2259:
The stormy discussion that developed at the conference was conducted in high tones and with expressions of anger and outrage and the Mizrahi feminists, and the original discussion that was planned for the evening was wholly disrupted, displaced by an open battle between the participants, who were
2194:
Mizrahi feminist academic Ktzia Alon points out that though Mizrahi feminism opens up a rich area of discourse, it also arouses deep conflict, given that both the concept of "feminism" and the concept of "Mizrahi" are mired in controversy in Israel, which when put together is greatly intensified.
2264:
and the Women's Voice, vehemently rejected the claims that they were partners in the oppression of Mizrahi feminists and claimed that the ethnic issue was irrelevant to feminism and that it was obsolete. The Mizrahi women, on the other hand, accused the Ashkenazi women of silencing them, and of
2322:
attempts to create a universal female identity, African-American feminism posits that African-American women have a different agenda than white women, which stems from a different life story: a life story consisting of exclusion, marginalization, and social and cultural transparency. And that
2425:
2108:. Mizrahi feminism is inspired by both Black feminism and Intersectional feminism, and seeks to bring about the liberation of women and social equality through recognition of the particular place Mizrahi women hold on the social map, and all the ways it affects Mizrahi women.
2167:. According to this movement, Mizrahi women possess a different life story than Ashkenazi women, one that includes subordination not only as the category of "women" but also as the category of "Mizrahim". In other words, the recognition of the unique point of
2162:
Mizrahi feminism seeks to distinguish between the category "Mizrahi women" and other categories within which they can be subsumed, as in the group "Mizrahim" and the group "women"; it also seeks to express the different and unique aspects of the identity of
2323:
therefore, black women must recognize that they cannot view the entire feminist agenda through affiliation and belonging to the hegemonic social category (i.e., whites), and to ignore the existence of other categories of transparent and excluded women.
2292:
The historical placement of Mizrahi immigrants to Israel in the geographic periphery, with all that entails, such as economic hardship, lack of access to resources, channeling of the youth to trade schools and blue collar works, and so
2269:
of gender, ethnic and class identity of Mizrahi women and demanding Ashkenazi recognition that the Mizrahi and ethnic struggles also affect women's lives and should be integrated immediately into the Israeli feminist struggle.
235:
2151:, it was Mizrahi feminism that pointed to the close relationship that exists in Israel between the class factor and the ethnic factor, and thus sought to connect more closely the sociological discourse about
147:
2731:
Scholarship, Identity, and Power: Mizrahi Women in Israel Author(s): Pnina Motzafi-Haller Source: Signs, Vol. 26, No. 3, (Spring, 2001), pp. 697-734 Published by: The University of Chicago Press
230:
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divided into two groups according to their positions on the Mizrahi issue. The Ashkenazi women, both as individuals and as representatives of such organizations as the
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especially unprepared to include this very different group, from many perspectives, including language, workforce participation, religion, economic status and more.
1408:
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After failing in their attempts to get their issues on the feminist agenda and gain representation within the movement, a group of Mizrahi women, among them
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2009:
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Lavie, Smadar. (2010). Mizrahi Feminism and the Question of Palestine. Sedek (Crack, Heb.): A Hebrew Nakba Periodical 5:119-134.
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Lavie, Smadar. (2011). Mizrahi Feminism and the Question of Palestine. Journal of Middle East Women's Studies. 7. 56โ88.
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1969:
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1199:
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2507:
To my Sister, Mizrahi Feminist Politics; (Hebrew) December 2007 Babel Publishing House, Tel Aviv.
2347:
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Dahan-Kalev, Henriette. Breaking Their Silence: Mizrahi Women and the Israeli Feminist Movement.
2244:
1304:
69:
2301:
there is a large disparity in the criminal prosecution and imprisonment demographics in Israel.
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59:
3675:
2601:
Dahan-Calev, Henriette (2001). "Tensions in Israeli Feminism: The Mizrahi Ashkenazi Rift".
39:
3532:
3346:
3281:
3274:
3213:
2966:
2857:
2357:
2352:
2177:, the founding mother of the Mizrahi feminism in Israel, wrote the following description:
2156:
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2052:
1460:
1269:
1257:
1063:
1008:
988:
946:
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Breaking the Pattern and Creating New Paths โ Feminist Mizrahi Women Artists in Israel,
3655:
3451:
2319:
2315:
2229:
2133:
2101:
1831:
1274:
1239:
1048:
864:
816:
610:
570:
453:
3700:
2224:, was considered the defining event marking the birth of Mizrahi feminism in Israel.
2105:
1133:
1093:
1088:
1003:
750:
713:
338:
333:
2781:
What is a Middle Eastern Feminist Movement: Feminist Movements in Lebanon and Israel
2483:
2396:, Instituto de Histรณria da Arte - Faculdade de Ciรชncias Sociais e Humanas/NOVA, 2015
3456:
3067:
2620:
2434:
2401:
2332:
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2233:
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2187:
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2148:
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1354:
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1148:
1083:
1078:
1038:
993:
755:
674:
652:
553:
428:
301:
3336:
2136:
hegemony, as well as the ways in which women are excluded and marginalized by the
2274:
The implications of the events of the conference on the Mizrahi feminist struggle
3199:
3003:
2655:
2240:
767:
684:
558:
404:
2371:
Wrapped in the Flag of Israel: Mizrahi Single Mothers and Bureaucratic Torture.
3436:
3305:
2769:
INTRA-JEWISH DISCRIMINATION IN ISRAEL: A MIZRAHI FEMINISM CUT AND PASTE PRIMER
2137:
1314:
1299:
998:
2488:
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive
3255:
3077:
2874:
2393:
1294:
1289:
377:
3426:
2318:, which seeks to abandon the universal white feminist perspective. Whereas
2220:
The 10th Feminist Conference, which took place between June 16โ18, 1994 in
3292:
3228:
3221:
3057:
2879:
2232:
of the higher socio-economic classes, and ignores the unique problems of
1068:
941:
509:
31:
3511:
3421:
3287:
3062:
2467:ืืืื ืืื, ืื ืจืืื. "ืคืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืจืืืืช ืืืฉืื ืืืืช". In ืจืืื, ืืื (ed.).
740:
2771:, Michael Quinones, Context: Politics & Policy, September 24, 2014
2650:
3411:
3192:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3100:
3087:
3082:
2121:
2792:
2211:
not do for my identity as a woman, no one else will do it for me."
2147:
had previously linked the gender factor of oppression to that of
2796:
2706:"Can a feminist Mizrahi woman find her political home in Shas?"
2742:"Wrapped in the Flag of Israel - University of Nebraska Press"
2415:
2314:
Mizrahi feminism draws a great deal of its inspiration from
16:
Movement within Israeli feminism representing Mizrahi women
2680:"A Woman Whose Place Was in the Mizrahi Feminist Movement"
2387:
Tensions in Israeli Feminism: The Mizrahi-Ashkenazi Rift
2389:, Women's Studies International Forum, 24 (2001), 1โ16.
2775:
Israeli and Palestinian Feminisms: Postcolonial Issues
2471:(in Hebrew). ืชื ืืืื: ืืงืืืืฅ ืืืืืื. pp. 217โ266.
2789:, Henriette Dahan Kalev, Coalition of Women for Peace
2524:"ืงืืื ืฉื ืื ืฉืื ืืืืจืืืืช ืืืืจืืืช ืืืกืืจืืืืืืค ืื ื ืฉืืข"
2426:ืกืืืจ ืืืื. ืคืืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืืช ืคืืกืืื. ืกืืง 5:119-134
2228:
all women, in fact represents only the interests of
3623:
3603:
3560:
3520:
3319:
3247:
3184:
3116:
3045:
2996:
2959:
2895:
2830:
2140:social structure, the labor market, and the state.
2406:"ืืคืขื ื ืืช ืืืื, ืืืจืื ืขืืื ืืืฉ". ืขื ืคืืื ืืื ืืืจืื
2208:
2179:
2808:
2070:
8:
2432:
2423:
2413:
2399:
2373:Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018.
2100:women from the binary categories of Mizrahi-
3600:
3557:
3517:
3244:
3181:
3042:
2956:
2892:
2815:
2801:
2793:
2077:
2063:
1890:
1262:
1192:
962:African-American women's suffrage movement
294:
52:
18:
2704:Shani-Shitrit, Efrat (February 7, 2015).
2128:describes and analyzes the ways in which
2558:, "Voices from the Field", June 21, 2006
2482:Dahan-Kalev, Henriette (March 1, 2009).
907:Discrimination against transgender women
2777:, รlisabeth Marteu, Cairn International
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2017:
1893:
1330:
437:
354:
170:
133:
100:
30:
2517:
2515:
2513:
3543:Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK)
2132:are excluded and marginalized by the
2116:Some of the sociological research on
7:
3671:
2577:ืืคืชื - ืืชื ืขืช ืืงืกืืงืื ืืืืฉืื ืคืืืืืืช
2529:Mizrahi Democratic Rainbow Coalition
3681:
2603:Women's Studies International Forum
14:
3712:Feminist movements and ideologies
3611:Orthodox Jewish schools for women
2678:Saar, Tsafi (September 7, 2012).
2155:to the sociological discourse on
3680:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3649:
3538:League of Jewish Women (Germany)
2046:
1578:Democratic Republic of the Congo
917:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
38:
2625:"ืืืงื ืฉืืจื ื"ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืื ืงืจ""
3548:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz
2934:World Congress of Jewish Women
2924:1907 New York City Rent Strike
2914:1904 New York City Rent Strike
2010:Women's suffrage organizations
1:
2651:"ืืืืืง ืืืืจืื ืื ื ืฆืืข ืืืืจืื"
1995:Suffragists and suffragettes
1925:American feminist literature
2532:(in Hebrew). Archived from
2408:, ืืชืจ ืืกืชืืจืืช ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืจืื
2343:Ahoti โ for Women in Israel
2096:, which seeks to extricate
1235:Views on transgender topics
1225:Views on sexual orientation
3733:
2416:"ืืืืชื - ืืืขื ื ืฉืื ืืืฉืจืื"
2283:Issues in Mizrahi Feminism
2202:The Mizrahi feminist poet
3644:
3262:Rabbis and Torah scholars
2885:Gender and Jewish studies
2870:Matrilineality in Judaism
2783:, Faith Alexandra Perkins
2649:ืืื ืกืืข (March 9, 2017).
2439:"ืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืืืช ืืชืจืืืช"
2433:
2424:
2414:
2400:
2026:Women's rights by country
937:Female genital mutilation
3502:Women's Rabbinic Network
2909:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott
2418:- ืชื ืืขื ืคืืื ืืกืืืช ืืืจืืืช
2031:Feminists by nationality
2005:Women's studies journals
2000:Women's rights activists
728:Movements and ideologies
3472:Women of Reform Judaism
3367:Haifa Women's Coalition
2903:Jewish Women's Congress
2385:Henriette Dahan Kalev,
2338:Haifa Women's Coalition
1419:International relations
290:Intersectional variants
3636:Tomb of the Matriarchs
3417:League of Jewish Women
3372:Israel Women's Network
3117:Practices and concepts
2929:1909 Shirtwaist Strike
2262:Israel Women's Network
2213:
2192:
1945:Conservative feminisms
1200:Bicycling and feminism
1176:Women in the workforce
1144:Violence against women
1119:Sexual objectification
1079:Opposition to feminism
346:Vegetarian ecofeminism
3462:Union of Jewish Women
3387:Women Artists' Circle
2940:Women's Torah Project
2249:Henriette Dahan-Kalev
2197:Henriette Dahan Kalev
2092:is a movement within
1975:Feminist rhetoricians
1965:Feminist philosophers
1517:Revisionist mythology
1220:Views on prostitution
1205:Criticism of marriage
900:Children's literature
3528:Clara de Hirsch Home
2946:Women's Siyum HaShas
2522:ืขืืื, ืงืฆืืขื (2008).
1955:Feminist art critics
1930:Feminist comic books
1887:Lists and categories
1566:By continent/country
1397:Pathways perspective
1280:Gender mainstreaming
1215:Views on pornography
1124:Substantive equality
1104:Reproductive justice
1054:Matriarchal religion
912:Diversity (politics)
853:Political lesbianism
163:Other women's rights
3590:The American Jewess
2848:Early modern period
2053:Feminism portal
1960:Feminist economists
1950:Ecofeminist authors
1755:Trinidad and Tobago
1695:Republic of Ireland
1387:Composition studies
1154:Women's empowerment
1109:Sex workers' rights
1034:Feminist capitalism
1014:Internalized sexism
952:Feminism in culture
65:History of feminism
3717:Feminism in Israel
3656:Judaism portal
3521:Historic / defunct
3235:Court of the Women
2865:Gender and Judaism
2623:(April 30, 2003).
2348:Feminism in Israel
1365:Literary criticism
1230:Views on sexuality
922:Effects on society
890:Complementarianism
870:Women's liberation
625:Religious variants
599:trans-exclusionary
317:Radical lesbianism
3694:
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3576:Hadassah Magazine
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3407:Kohenet Institute
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3124:Gender separation
3112:
3111:
3063:Marriage contract
2997:Life cycle events
2992:
2991:
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2954:
2919:1906 Tonsil Riots
2568:ืืฉืื, ืื (2014).
2469:ืืื ืืืืจ ืคืืืืืืงื
2265:blindness to the
2171:between the two.
2169:intersectionality
2087:
2086:
2038:
2037:
1557:
1556:
1547:womanist theology
1490:Political ecology
1321:รcriture fรฉminine
1248:
1247:
1139:Triple oppression
1129:Toxic masculinity
1114:Sexual harassment
979:Feminist stripper
957:Feminist movement
518:
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449:Africana womanism
280:
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3707:Mizrahi feminism
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3185:Prayer and study
3182:
3088:Ritual immersion
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2853:In the Holocaust
2838:Women in Judaism
2824:Women in Judaism
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2247:, Mira Eliezer,
2190:
2145:Marxist feminism
2094:Israeli feminism
2090:Mizrahi feminism
2079:
2072:
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2051:
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1990:Feminist parties
1985:Muslim feminists
1980:Jewish feminists
1891:
1872:History of women
1495:Political theory
1263:
1193:
1166:
1159:Women-only space
1044:Likeability trap
932:Female education
746:Anti-pornography
601:
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312:Lesbian of color
295:
172:Women's suffrage
148:Muslim countries
143:Women's suffrage
60:Feminist history
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3467:Cantors Network
3347:Chochmat Nashim
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3282:Toanot Rabniyot
3275:Yoetzet halacha
3248:Religious roles
3239:
3214:Tefillin Barbie
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3068:Marital harmony
3041:
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2967:Jewish feminism
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2437:ืืื ืกืืืืื ืืจื,
2369:Lavie, Smadar.
2366:
2364:Further reading
2358:Jewish feminism
2353:Women in Israel
2329:
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2230:Ashkenazi women
2218:
2204:Esther Shekalim
2191:
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2157:women in Israel
2126:Israeli society
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1270:Feminist method
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1180:
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1074:Oedipus complex
1064:Men in feminism
1029:Language reform
1009:Ideal womanhood
989:Gender equality
984:Formal equality
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831:Post-structural
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2831:General topics
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2787:Black in Women
2784:
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2763:External links
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2746:Nebraska Press
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2484:"Vicki Shiran"
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1970:Feminist poets
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1937:Feminist songs
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2536:on 2008-11-19
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2267:intersections
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2257:
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2251:, Neta Amar,
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2234:Mizrahi women
2231:
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2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2189:
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2178:
2176:
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2166:
2165:Mizrahi women
2160:
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2016:
2011:
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1537:Technoscience
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1210:Views on BDSM
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1134:Transmisogyny
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1107:
1105:
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1094:Purplewashing
1092:
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1089:Protofeminism
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778:Individualist
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534:Anti-abortion
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25:
21:
20:
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3567:
3561:Publications
3457:Pi Alpha Tau
3304:
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3254:
3227:
3220:
3207:
3206:Partnership
3198:
3191:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3099:
3035:Chag habanot
3034:
3033:Girls' Day (
3019:
3015:
3008:
3004:
2981:
2936:(1923, 1929)
2843:In the Bible
2749:. Retrieved
2745:
2736:
2727:
2717:February 15,
2715:. Retrieved
2709:
2699:
2689:February 15,
2687:. Retrieved
2683:
2673:
2663:February 14,
2661:. Retrieved
2654:
2644:
2634:February 14,
2632:. Retrieved
2628:
2615:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2576:
2563:
2555:
2554:Neri Livne,
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:the original
2527:
2503:
2493:February 13,
2491:. Retrieved
2487:
2477:
2468:
2386:
2370:
2333:Mizrahi Jews
2313:
2310:Inspirations
2286:
2277:
2258:
2253:Vicki Shiran
2238:
2226:
2222:Givat Haviva
2219:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2188:Vicki Shiran
2180:
2175:Vicki Shiran
2173:
2164:
2161:
2142:
2130:Mizrahi Jews
2115:
2089:
2088:
1817:Saudi Arabia
1613:South Africa
1456:Epistemology
1431:Legal theory
1350:Architecture
1340:Anthropology
1319:
1285:Gynocentrism
1149:War on women
1084:Pro-feminism
1039:Gender-blind
994:Gender quota
967:Art movement
741:Anti-fascist
675:Dianic Wicca
554:Postfeminism
429:Xenofeminism
412:Postcolonial
329:Sex-positive
3686:WikiProject
3200:Tseno Ureno
3058:Matchmaking
3020:bat mitzvah
3009:Simchat bat
3005:Zeved habat
2942:(2003โ2010)
2659:(in Hebrew)
2586:13 February
2540:13 February
2241:Ella Shohat
2138:patriarchal
1822:South Korea
1802:Philippines
1782:New Zealand
1777:Netherlands
1500:Pornography
1478:Metaphysics
1392:Criminology
1370:Film theory
1345:Archaeology
1024:Women's Day
826:Libertarian
768:Ecofeminism
685:Ecofeminist
566:Reactionary
559:Neofeminism
500:Multiracial
405:Ecofeminist
400:Materialist
243:Switzerland
223:New Zealand
3701:Categories
3306:Firzogerin
3026:For adults
2751:2020-02-18
2621:ืืืื, ืกืืืจ
2447:References
2245:Tikva Levy
2018:Categories
1920:Literature
1630:Bangladesh
1505:Psychology
1451:Empiricism
1446:Aesthetics
1441:Philosophy
1315:Patriarchy
1300:Matriarchy
1020:Girl's Day
999:Girl power
972:In hip hop
895:Literature
858:Separatist
836:Postmodern
802:Difference
736:Analytical
680:Reclaiming
488:Indigenous
393:Standpoint
322:Separatist
174:by country
3447:Nivcharot
3337:B'not Esh
3256:Rebbetzin
3169:Sexuality
3157:In Israel
3078:Homemaker
2875:Bat-Kohen
2858:In Israel
2570:"ืืืจืืืืช"
2435:ืกืืืจ ืืืื
2402:ืืืงื ืฉืืจื
2394:Tal Dekel
2134:Ashkenazi
2118:ethnicity
2106:men-women
2102:Ashkenazi
1908:Feminists
1720:Argentina
1680:Indonesia
1670:Hong Kong
1625:Australia
1532:Sociology
1414:Geography
1404:Economics
1295:Male gaze
1290:Kyriarchy
761:Networked
643:Christian
378:Jineology
366:Anarchist
356:Socialist
236:Francoist
188:Australia
134:Timelines
3666:Category
3357:Hadassah
3327:Aminadav
3298:Timeline
3267:Timeline
3229:Mechitza
3222:Midrasha
3152:Abortion
3053:Marriage
3046:Marriage
2972:Orthodox
2960:Feminism
2880:Bat Levi
2684:Ha'aretz
2656:Ha'aretz
2556:Ha'aretz
2327:See also
2185:โ
2153:Mizrahim
2112:Concepts
1903:Articles
1842:Thailand
1797:Pakistan
1767:Malaysia
1750:Paraguay
1740:Honduras
1588:Ethiopia
1542:Theology
1527:Sexology
1522:Sex wars
1436:Pedagogy
1189:Outlooks
1069:Misogyny
942:Femicide
927:Equality
883:Concepts
848:Cultural
807:Equality
788:Stiletto
783:Lipstick
707:Orthodox
670:Neopagan
658:Womanist
638:Buddhist
586:Embedded
581:Imperial
576:Carceral
549:Maternal
510:Womanism
198:Colombia
85:Canadian
75:American
32:Feminism
24:a series
22:Part of
3676:Commons
3604:Schools
3512:Vocolot
3437:Na'amat
3422:Maharat
3332:Bat Kol
3095:Divorce
2982:Mizrahi
2977:Israeli
2896:History
2609:: 1โ16.
2216:History
2206:wrote:
2098:Mizrahi
1857:Ukraine
1852:Vietnam
1762:Lebanon
1660:Germany
1650:Finland
1645:Denmark
1620:Albania
1608:Senegal
1603:Nigeria
1510:Therapy
1483:science
1382:Biology
843:Radical
797:Liberal
773:Eugenic
697:Islamic
633:Atheist
481:Lesbian
476:Chicana
469:Ratchet
464:Lesbian
459:Hip hop
383:Marxist
307:Lesbian
183:Austria
80:British
49:History
3624:Places
3583:Lilith
3427:Ma'yan
3412:Kolech
3362:Hadran
3293:Cantor
3288:Scribe
3208:minyan
3193:Tkhine
3144:Yichud
3137:Negiah
3130:Tzniut
3101:Agunah
2948:(2020)
2905:(1893)
2143:While
2122:gender
1847:Turkey
1837:Taiwan
1827:Sweden
1812:Russia
1807:Poland
1792:Norway
1745:Mexico
1725:Brazil
1700:Israel
1665:Greece
1655:France
1635:Canada
1573:Africa
1461:Ethics
1258:Theory
1099:Racism
812:Social
702:Jewish
648:Mormon
606:Victim
539:Equity
505:Romani
417:Global
270:states
227:Spain
213:Kuwait
193:Canada
125:Fourth
115:Second
90:German
3569:Binah
3397:JWCIF
3392:JWCEO
3352:Eshel
2573:(PDF)
2149:class
1894:Lists
1832:Syria
1772:Nepal
1735:Haiti
1730:Chile
1710:Japan
1705:Italy
1675:India
1640:China
1593:Ghana
1583:Egypt
1059:Media
817:Labor
692:Hindu
663:Asian
611:White
571:State
454:Black
371:Queer
258:Wales
208:Japan
203:India
120:Third
110:First
101:Waves
3492:WLCJ
3487:WIZO
3442:NCJW
3377:JOFA
3018:and
2719:2019
2691:2019
2665:2019
2636:2019
2629:ืืงืฉืช
2588:2019
2542:2019
2495:2019
2120:and
2104:and
1690:Iraq
1685:Iran
1598:Mali
1409:FDPA
1022:and
714:Sikh
3497:WLI
3482:W4W
3477:WoW
3402:JWI
3382:JWA
3342:CWJ
3016:Bar
2293:on.
2124:in
1355:Art
756:HCI
653:New
597:or
302:Fat
3703::
3007:/
2744:.
2708:.
2682:.
2653:.
2627:.
2607:24
2605:.
2579:.
2575:.
2526:.
2512:^
2486:.
2455:^
2404:,
2243:,
153:US
26:on
3037:)
2816:e
2809:t
2802:v
2754:.
2721:.
2693:.
2667:.
2638:.
2590:.
2581:8
2544:.
2497:.
2078:e
2071:t
2064:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
