988:(UDH) containing segmentation information. Since UDH is part of the payload, the number of available characters per segment is lower: 153 for 7-bit encoding, 134 for 8-bit encoding and 67 for 16-bit encoding. The receiving handset is then responsible for reassembling the message and presenting it to the user as one long message. While the standard theoretically permits up to 255 segments, 10 segments is the practical maximum with some carriers, and long messages are often billed as equivalent to multiple SMS messages. In some cases 127 segments are supported, but software limitations in some SMS applications do not permit this. Some providers have offered length-oriented pricing schemes for messages, although that type of pricing structure is rapidly disappearing.
902:", so there are no guarantees that a message will actually be delivered to its recipient, but delay or complete loss of a message is uncommon, typically affecting less than 5 percent of messages. Some providers allow users to request delivery reports, either via the SMS settings of most modern phones, or by prefixing each message with *0# or *N#. However, the exact meaning of confirmations varies from reaching the network, to being queued for sending, to being sent, to receiving a confirmation of receipt from the target device, and users are often not informed of the specific type of success being reported.
464:
406:, limiting the usefulness of the service. This restriction was lifted in 1999. Over time, this issue was eliminated by switch billing instead of billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs to allow blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through it. By the end of 2000, the average number of messages reached 35 per user per month, and on Christmas Day 2006, over 205 million messages were sent in the UK alone. SMS had become a social phenomenon in Finland among teens and youngsters by 1999. SMS traffic across Europe reached 4 billion messages as of January 2000.
315:
contributors Kevin Holley, Eija
Altonen, Didier Luizard and Alan Cox. The first action plan mentions for the first time the Technical Specification 03.40 "Technical Realisation of the Short Message Service". Responsible editor was Finn Trosby. The first and very rudimentary draft of the technical specification was completed in November 1987. However, drafts useful for the manufacturers followed at a later stage in the period. A comprehensive description of the work in this period is given in.
5311:
1364:
719:
6395:
5322:
1261:(international number format, such as "+44 762 480 5000"), which can be used in place of short codes for SMS reception in several applications, such as TV voting, product promotions and campaigns. Long numbers work internationally, allow businesses to use their own numbers, rather than short codes, which are usually shared across many brands. Additionally, long numbers are nonpremium inbound numbers.
206:
6405:
1019:
messages can be sent directly to and from recipients without having to go through the SMSCs of other mobile operators. Therefore, it is possible to avoid delays and message losses, offering full delivery guarantees of messages and optimized routing. This model is particularly efficient when used in mission-critical messaging and SMS used in corporate communications. Moreover, these
270:. The definition that Friedhelm Hillebrand and Bernard Ghillebaert brought into GSM called for the provision of a message transmission service of alphanumeric messages to mobile users "with acknowledgement capabilities". The last three words transformed SMS into something much more useful than the electronic paging services used at the time that some in GSM might have had in mind.
6384:
5299:
6415:
791:. These silent messages, also known as silent TMS, stealth SMS, stealth ping or Short Message Type 0, are used to locate a person and thus to create a complete movement profile. They do not show up on a display, nor trigger any acoustical signal when received. Their primary purpose was to deliver special services of the network operator to any cell phone.
161:), and for other commercial content. The SMS standard has been hugely popular worldwide as a method of text communication: by the end of 2010, it was the most widely used data application with an estimated 3.5 billion active users, or about 80% of all mobile phone subscribers. More recently, SMS has become increasingly challenged by newer proprietary
45:
1011:, also known as "local termination model". Aggregators lack direct access into the SS7 protocol, which is the protocol where the SMS messages are exchanged. SMS messages are delivered to the operator's SMSC, but not the subscriber's handset; the SMSC takes care of further handling of the message through the SS7 network.
1249:
front to the carrier. The submission of the text to the SMSC is identical to a standard MO Short
Message submission, but once the text is at the SMSC, the Service Center (SC) identifies the Short Code as a premium service. The SC will then direct the content of the text message to the VASP, typically using an
608:
message is US$ 0.11, while mobile networks charge each other interconnect fees of at least US$ 0.04 when connecting between different phone networks. In 2015, the actual cost of sending an SMS in
Australia was found to be $ 0.00016 per SMS. The global SMS messaging business was estimated to be worth over
1354:
and
Motorola's ReFLEX protocol, SMS message delivery is not guaranteed, and many implementations provide no mechanism through which a sender can determine whether an SMS message has been delivered in a timely manner. SMS messages are generally treated as lower-priority traffic than voice, and various
1338:
handsets only support incoming SMS, later models can also send messages. The price per message varies for different networks. Unlike some mobile phone networks, there is no extra charge for sending international SMS or to send one to a different satellite phone network. SMS can sometimes be sent from
1288:
Most smart phone text-messaging-clients are able to create some contextual threading of "group messages" which narrows the context of the thread around the common interests shared by group members. On the other hand, advanced enterprise messaging applications which push messages from a remote server
1269:
Threaded SMS is a visual styling orientation of SMS message history that arranges messages to and from a contact in chronological order on a single screen. It was first invented by a developer working to implement the SMS client for the BlackBerry, who was looking to make use of the blank screen left
607:
SMS has become a large commercial industry, earning $ 114.6 billion globally in 2010. In the year 2002, 366 billion SMS text messages were sent globally, a number that rose to 6.1 trillion (6.1 Ă— 10) in 2010, which is an average of 193,000 messages per second. The global average price for an SMS
306:
The material elaborated in GSM and its WP1 subgroup was handed over in Spring 1987 to a new GSM body called IDEG (the
Implementation of Data and Telematic Services Experts Group), which had its kickoff in May 1987 under the chairmanship of Friedhelm Hillebrand (German Telecom). The technical standard
1461:
In an effort to limit telemarketers who had taken to bombarding users with hordes of unsolicited messages, India introduced new regulations in
September 2011, including a cap of 3,000 SMS messages per subscriber per month, or an average of 100 per subscriber per day. Due to representations received
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provide for web-browsing. As one pervasive example, this technique is used to extend the functionality of many
Instant Messenger (IM) applications such that they are able to communicate over two-way dialogues with the much larger SMS user-base. In cases where multiple reply numbers are used by the
999:
providers facilitate SMS traffic between businesses and mobile subscribers, including SMS for enterprises, content delivery, and entertainment services involving SMS, e.g. TV voting. Considering SMS messaging performance and cost, as well as the level of messaging services, SMS gateway providers can
754:
allows individuals to send an SMS message to a business phone number (traditional landline) and receive a SMS in return. Providing customers with the ability to text to a phone number allows organizations to offer new services that deliver value. Examples include chat bots, and text enabled customer
662:
does. For example, between 2010 and 2022, SMS telecom revenue in India dropped 94 percent, while "revenue share per user from data usage...grew over 10 times.", although in some regions such as North
America SMS continues to be used by over 80 percent of the population as of 2023. In order to create
957:
characters, 140 8-bit characters, or 70 16-bit characters. GSM 7-bit alphabet support is mandatory for GSM handsets and network elements, but characters in languages such as Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, or
Cyrillic alphabet languages (e.g., Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Bulgarian, etc.)
1417:
networks. SMS messaging has some extra security vulnerabilities due to its store-and-forward feature, and the problem of fake SMS that can be conducted via the
Internet. When a user is roaming, SMS content passes through different networks, perhaps including the Internet, and is exposed to various
1306:
While SMS reached its popularity as a person-to-person messaging, another type of SMS is growing fast: application-to-person (A2P) messaging. A2P is a type of SMS sent from a subscriber to an application or sent from an application to a subscriber. It is commonly used by businesses, such as banks,
1018:
provider is based on SS7 connectivity to route SMS messages, also known as "international termination model". The advantage of this model is the ability to route data directly through SS7, which gives the provider total control and visibility of the complete path during SMS routing. This means SMS
450:
This is also backed by the fact that as of 2003, American internet users were spending on average five times more time online than Europeans, and many poorer countries in Europe and other regions around the world had significantly lower rates of internet access compared to the United States at the
413:
by 2001 and the country was dubbed the "texting capital of the world", partly helped by large numbers of free text messages offered by the mobile operators in monthly subscriptions. SMS adoption was limited to parts of Europe and Asia during these earlier years, with U.S. adoption being low partly
314:
WP4 created a Drafting Group Message Handling (DGMH), which was responsible for the specification of SMS. Finn Trosby of Telenor chaired the draft group through its first three years, in which the design of SMS was established. DGMH had five to eight participants, and Finn Trosby mentions as major
1448:
The only sure way of detecting and blocking spoofed messages is to screen incoming mobile-originated messages to verify that the sender is a valid subscriber and that the message is coming from a valid and correct location. This can be implemented by adding an intelligent routing function to the
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from the telephone network operator, and subscribers send texts to that number. The payouts to the carriers vary by carrier; percentages paid are greatest on the lowest-priced premium SMS services. Most information providers should expect to pay about 45 percent of the cost of the premium SMS up
1079:
as text messages. Subscribers can easily reply to these SMS messages, and the SMS reply is sent back to the original email address. Sending email to SMS is free for the sender, but the recipient is subject to the standard delivery charges. Only the first 160 characters of an email message can be
261:
The first proposal which initiated the development of SMS was made by a contribution of Germany and France in the GSM group meeting in February 1985 in Oslo. This proposal was further elaborated in GSM subgroup WP1 Services (Chairman Martine Alvernhe, France Telecom) based on a contribution from
1444:
industry has identified a number of potential fraud attacks on mobile operators that can be delivered via abuse of SMS messaging services. The most serious threat is SMS Spoofing, which occurs when a fraudster manipulates address information in order to impersonate a user that has roamed onto a
236:
needed to control the telephone traffic during periods when no signalling traffic existed. In this way, unused resources in the system could be used to transport messages at minimal cost. However, it was necessary to limit the length of the messages to 128 bytes (later improved to 160 seven-bit
220:
was approved in December 1982, requesting that "The services and facilities offered in the public switched telephone networks and public data networks ... should be available in the mobile system." This plan included the exchange of text messages either directly between mobile stations, or
1141:
protocol included support for the transport of Short Messages through the Core Network from its inception. MAP Phase 2 expanded support for SMS by introducing a separate operation code for Mobile Terminated Short Message transport. Since Phase 2, there have been no changes to the Short Message
709:
branded phones could handle them. By 2002 the ringtone business globally had exceeded $ 1 billion of service revenues, and nearly US$ 5 billion by 2008. Today, they are also used to pay smaller payments online—for example, for file-sharing services, in mobile application stores, or VIP section
248:
SMS could be implemented in every mobile station by updating its software. Hence, a large base of SMS-capable terminals and networks existed when people began to use SMS. A new network element required was a specialized short message service centre, and enhancements were required to the radio
262:
Germany. There were also initial discussions in the subgroup WP3 network aspects chaired by Jan Audestad (Telenor). The result was approved by the main GSM group in a June 1985 document which was distributed to industry. The input documents on SMS had been prepared by Friedhelm Hillebrand of
890:" mechanism. It attempts to send messages to the SMSC's recipients. If a recipient is not reachable, the SMSC queues the message for later retry. Some SMSCs also provide a "forward and forget" option where transmission is tried only once. Both mobile terminated (MT, for messages sent
1162:
to block the submission (MO) or delivery (MT) of Short Messages, route messages to destinations other than that specified by the user, and perform real-time billing for the use of the service. Prior to standardized CAMEL control of the Short Message Service, IN control relied on
3711:
1355:
studies have shown that around 1% to 5% of messages are lost entirely, even during normal operation conditions, and others may not be delivered until long after their relevance has passed. The use of SMS as an emergency notification service in particular has been questioned.
1314:. However, recently multiple US carriers, including Verizon have announced plans to officially support A2P messages over long codes. In the United Kingdom A2P messages can be sent with a dynamic 11 character sender ID; however, short codes are used for OPTOUT commands.
3685:
380:
The first commercially sold SMS service was offered to consumers, as a person-to-person text messaging service by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa) in Finland in 1993. Most early GSM mobile phone handsets did not support the ability to send SMS text messages, and
747:
In 2014, Caktus Group developed the world's first SMS-based voter registration system in Libya. As of February 2015 more than 1.5 million people have registered using that system, providing Libyan voters with unprecedented access to the democratic process.
619:' phenomenon, where words are shortened in order to deal with the 160 character limit of SMS messages. Usage of SMS for mobile data services became increasingly prominent in the early 2000s due to its ubiquity, reliability, and cold reception of the newer
812:
SMS was originally designed as part of GSM, but is now available on a wide range of networks globally, including 3G, 4G and 5G networks. However, not all text messaging systems use SMS, and some notable alternative implementations of the concept include
1050:, also known as application-terminated. Subscriber-terminated messages are transported from the service center to the destination handset, and may originate from mobile users, from fixed network subscribers, or from other sources such as VASPs.
1253:
protocol such as SMPP or EMI. Subscribers are charged a premium for the sending of such messages, with the revenue typically shared between the network operator and the VASP. Short codes only work within one country, they are not international.
2930:
1425:
published an analysis of vulnerabilities in SMS-capable cellular networks. The researchers speculated that attackers might exploit the open functionality of these networks to disrupt them or cause them to fail, possibly on a nationwide scale.
909:
in which every SMS message is considered entirely independent of other messages. Enterprise applications using SMS as a communication channel for stateful dialogue (where an MO reply message is paired to a specific MT message) requires that
3715:
1445:
foreign network and is submitting messages to the home network. Frequently, these messages are addressed to destinations outside the home network—with the home SMSC essentially being "hijacked" to send messages into other networks.
1412:
is unilateral and also vulnerable. There are also many other security vulnerabilities and shortcomings. Such vulnerabilities are inherent to SMS as one of the superior and well-tried services with a global availability in the
3689:
1157:
to control aspects of the Mobile Originated Short Message Service, while CAMEL Phase 4, as part of 3GPP Release 5 and onwards, provides the IN with the ability to control the Mobile Terminated service. CAMEL allows the
710:
entrance. Outside the online world, one can buy a bus ticket or beverages from ATM, pay a parking ticket, order a store catalog or some goods (e.g., discount movie DVDs), make a donation to charity, and much more.
1811:
803:
attempted to fight increasing cell phone theft by sending an SMS every three minutes to a phone that has been reported stolen, with the message "This handset was nicked, buying or selling is a crime. The police."
2777:
3630:
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Initial growth was slow, with customers in 1995 sending on average only 0.4 messages per GSM customer per month. Initially, networks in the UK only allowed customers to send messages to other users on the same
5283:
4131:
3217:
257:
The technical development of SMS was a multinational collaboration supporting the framework of standards bodies. Through these organizations the technology was made freely available to the whole world.
2922:
1233:. The SMSC delivers the text using the normal Mobile Terminated delivery procedure. The subscribers are charged extra for receiving this premium content; the revenue is typically divided between the
318:
The work on the draft specification continued in the following few years, where Kevin Holley of Cellnet (now TelefĂłnica O2 UK) played a leading role. Besides the completion of the main specification
295:
Short message mobile-originated (SMS-MO)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message sent by a mobile phone. The message can be sent to a phone or to a software application.
701:. The first premium-rate media content delivered via the SMS system was the world's first paid downloadable ringing tones, as commercially launched by Saunalahti (later Jippii Group, now part of
3191:
2800:
292:
Short message mobile-terminated (SMS-MT)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message to a mobile phone. The message can be sent by phone or by a software application.
1595:
1150:
232:. The GSM is optimized for telephony, since this was identified as its main application. The key idea for SMS was to use this telephone-optimized system, and to transport messages on the
1080:
delivered to a phone, and only 160 characters can be sent from a phone. However, longer messages may be broken up into multiple texts, depending upon the telephone service provider.
3250:
4347:
4224:, Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services, and Technologies (NGMAST2008), pp. 576–581, Cardiff, UK, September 2008,
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data (as specified by SMS protocol) from which the client device can properly thread an incoming message to a specific dialogue, or even to a specific message within a dialogue.
788:
3406:
3380:
3354:
3328:
4105:
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below the message on a device with a larger screen capable of displaying far more than the usual 160 characters, and was inspired by threaded Reply conversations in email.
1023:
providers are providing branded SMS services with masking but after misuse of these gateways most countries' governments have taken serious steps to block these gateways.
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1515:
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protocol. Messages are sent with the MAP MO- and MT-ForwardSM operations, whose payload length is limited by the constraints of the signaling protocol to precisely 140
862:
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services owing to their lower overall cost. GPRS is offered by smaller telco players as a route of sending SMS text to reduce the cost of SMS texting internationally.
1205:
However, not all modern devices support receiving of messages if the message storage (for instance the device's internal memory) is not accessible using AT commands.
2423:
1617:
4127:
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have to offer big “bundles” of minutes—up to 5,000 minutes per month—as part of their monthly pricing plans to persuade subscribers to use mobile phones instead.
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A Flash SMS is a type of SMS that appears directly on the main screen without user interaction and is not automatically stored in the inbox. It can be useful in
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3083:
2666:
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Keep in mind that if you're trying to send a message that's more than 160 characters long, it will often be sent through the Multimedia Message Service (MMS).
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2080:
2037:
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characters) so that the messages could fit into the existing signalling formats. Based on his personal observations and on analysis of the typical lengths of
6449:
6367:
6339:
6334:
5359:
4317:
1559:, allowing 160 7-bit (i.e. entirely alpha-numeric) characters, 140 8-bit characters, or 70 2-byte characters in languages such as Chinese when encoded using
1453:(HLR) before the message is submitted for delivery. This kind of intelligent routing function is beyond the capabilities of legacy messaging infrastructure.
3949:"Use of Data Terminal Equipment – Data Circuit terminating Equipment (DTE – DCE) interface for Short Message Service (SMS) and Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)"
1046:
Subscriber-originated messages are transported from a handset to a service center, and may be destined for mobile users, subscribers on a fixed network, or
697:
to subscribers of a network. Mobile-terminated short messages can be used to deliver digital content such as news alerts, financial information, logos, and
3104:
2976:
1289:
often display a dynamically changing reply number (multiple numbers used by the same sender), which is used along with the sender's phone number to create
437:
first took off in other parts of the world among cost-conscious teenagers who found that it was cheaper to text than to call Free local calls also make
6444:
3737:
1277:(as typical in blogs and online messaging boards) is not widely supported by SMS messaging clients. This limitation is due to the fact that there is no
102:
signalling protocol, SMS rolled out on digital cellular networks starting in 1993 and was originally intended for customers to receive alerts from their
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link, etc. Common AT commands include AT+CMGS (send message), AT+CMSS (send message from storage), AT+CMGL (list messages) and AT+CMGR (read message).
953:
alphabets. Depending on which alphabet the subscriber has configured in the handset, this leads to the maximum individual short message sizes of 160 7-
4954:
3529:
2303:
2208:
2205:
1098:(OTA) or configuration data. Such uses are a vendor-specific extension of the GSM specification and there are multiple competing standards, although
3643:
when sending very long SMS messages (longer than 10 segments with Unicode characters) some mobile carriers may have trouble handling these messages.
2850:
3767:
3502:
2371:
1585:
4453:
1083:
Text-enabled fixed-line handsets are required to receive messages in text format. However, messages can be delivered to non enabled phones using
787:
In 2010, almost half a million silent SMS messages were sent by the German federal police, customs and the federal domestic intelligence service
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4153:
1273:
Visually, this style of representation provides a back-and-forth chat-like history for each individual contact. Hierarchical-threading at the
2244:
1388:), with the greatest worldwide number of users, succumbs to several security vulnerabilities. In the GSM, only the airway traffic between the
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6128:
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4221:
3587:
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1463:
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Satellite phone networks usually have web-based or email-based SMS portals where one can send free SMS to phones on that particular network.
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1474:
services with effect from November 1, 2011. However, it was ruled unconstitutional by the Delhi high court, but there are some limitations.
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3239:
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1489:
663:
a modern successor to SMS that isn't run by a single company and is fully interoperable between devices, industry figures have created the
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vulnerabilities and attacks. Another concern arises when an adversary gets access to a phone and reads the previous unprotected messages.
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2227:
1985:
1836:
1007:
The aggregator model is based on multiple agreements with mobile carriers to exchange two-way SMS traffic into and out of the operator's
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6197:
5220:
4773:
2684:
1226:
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346:) using a personal computer to Richard Jarvis of Vodafone using an Orbitel 901 handset. The text of the message was "Merry Christmas."
106:. The service allows users to send and receive text messages of up to 160 characters, originally to and from GSM phones and later also
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5326:
5258:
4379:
3402:
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879:, which allows messages (advertising, public information, etc.) to be broadcast to all mobile users in a specified geographical area.
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6217:
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2112:
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enterprise server to maintain the dialogue, the visual conversation threading on the client may be separated into multiple threads.
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5352:
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4779:
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4507:
4045:
3130:
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1484:
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and the VASP either through revenue share or a fixed transport fee. Submission to the SMSC is usually handled by a third party.
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4260:
An Analysis of Vulnerabilities in SMS-Capable Cellular Networks: Exploiting Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular Networks
3922:
3559:
1736:
984:, multipart or segmented SMS, or "long SMS") can be sent using multiple messages, in which case each message will start with a
385:
was the only handset manufacturer whose total GSM phone line in 1993 supported user-sending of SMS text messages. According to
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4009:
2663:"Member-countries of the UNECE region are among the forerunners and today's leaders in the level of Internet development..."
1956:
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185:
that used standardized phone protocols. These were defined in 1986 as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (
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5150:
5122:
4959:
4909:
4561:
2367:
1422:
1310:
In the US, carriers have traditionally preferred that A2P messages must be sent using a short code rather than a standard
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841:
694:
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107:
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2524:
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1214:
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883:
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350:
216:
Adding text messaging functionality to mobile devices began in the early 1980s. The first action plan of the CEPT Group
135:
123:
1934:
463:
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1164:
1040:
664:
166:
150:
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273:
SMS was considered in the main GSM group as a possible service for the new digital cellular system. In GSM document "
3275:
1187:. The extensions were standardised as part of the GSM Standards and extended as part of the 3GPP standards process.
6257:
6179:
6118:
5825:
5225:
5101:
4875:
3790:
2069:
1509:
1290:
1032:
911:
675:
platforms) will have RCS texting capabilities, though this may also depend on if the network operator supports it.
672:
283:
2478:
2033:
6029:
5990:
5835:
5735:
5664:
5597:
5424:
4867:
2070:"Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Technical realization of the Short Message Service (SMS)"
1331:
3108:
6388:
5630:
5565:
5518:
5404:
5303:
4682:
4623:
2826:
2023:
See the book Hillebrand, Trosby, Holley, Harris: SMS the creation of Personal Global Text Messaging, Wiley 2010
1393:
1095:
4071:
3741:
1861:
1142:
operation packages in MAP, although other operation packages have been enhanced to support CAMEL SMS control.
3303:
2608:
1466:(Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) has raised this limit to 200 SMS messages per SIM per day in case of
1190:
The connection between the terminal equipment and the transceiver can be realized with a serial cable (e.g.,
6454:
6439:
6227:
6212:
6056:
6007:
5930:
5830:
5508:
5394:
5389:
5268:
5263:
4687:
4243:, Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC'08), pp. 700–705, July 2008
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1250:
1234:
1222:
1134:
1114:
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655:
438:
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403:
233:
103:
99:
80:
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4914:
4590:
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1450:
1274:
1076:
For example, an AT&T subscriber whose phone number was 555-555-5555 would receive emails addressed to
4274:
2875:
2854:
2058:
See GSM document 28/85rev.June 2, 85 and GSM WP1 document 66/86, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
6051:
5855:
5820:
5740:
5720:
5642:
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5182:
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4743:
4721:
4502:
3763:
1672:
1335:
1159:
3184:"Privacy Roundup: Mandatory Data Retention, Smart Meter Hacks, and Law Enforcement Usage of Silent SMS"
277:" both mobile-originated and mobile-terminated short messages appear on the table of GSM teleservices.
3506:
2745:
1307:
e-gaming, logistic companies, e-commerce, to send SMS messages from their systems to their customers.
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5925:
5895:
5652:
5587:
5478:
5200:
4665:
4566:
4492:
2359:
2104:
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1467:
267:
225:
31:
1984:. Orbitel 901 – the first GSM mobile and the first to receive a commercial SMS text message (1992).
393:, which was released in January 1994, was the first mobile phone to support composing SMSes easily.
373:) in the US, Telenor in Norway and BT Cellnet (now O2 UK) later in 1993. All first installations of
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4225:
4154:"Motorola's ReFLEX Protocol Delivers Wireless Data With Unparelleled Nationwide Network Coverage"
3214:"Zoll, BKA und Verfassungsschutz verschickten 2010 ĂĽber 440.000 "stille SMS" | heise online"
2551:
2395:
1504:
1282:
1278:
1240:
Mobile-originated short messages may also be used in a premium-rated manner for services such as
1138:
1110:
1001:
962:
927:
906:
834:
639:
3820:
2014:
These Message Handling Systems had been standardized in the ITU, see specifications X.400 series
377:
were for network notifications sent to mobile phones, usually to inform of voice mail messages.
3712:"Support – How do I compose and send a text message to a Sprint or Nextel customer from email?"
631:(MMS) was developed as an improved version of SMS that supports sending of pictures and video.
6242:
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1977:
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635:
612:
240 billion in 2013, accounting for almost half of all revenue generated by mobile messaging.
442:
343:
245:
messages, Hillebrand argued that 160 characters was sufficient for most brief communications.
162:
88:
2923:"Online apps slash telecoms revenue: 80% decline in voice calls, 94% drop in SMS in 10 years"
2694:
2107:"GSM and UMTS, the creation of Global Mobile Communication", Wiley 2002, chapters 10 and 16,
322:, the detailed protocol specifications on the system interfaces also needed to be completed.
6247:
6207:
6187:
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5810:
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1525:
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263:
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146:
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4389:
1113:) communication. For instance, there is an LED display machine controlled by SMS, and some
922:
Transmission of short messages between the SMSC and the handset is done whenever using the
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5730:
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5461:
5049:
5039:
5014:
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4974:
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2402:
2231:
2212:
2174:
1938:
1379:
1323:
814:
772:
702:
131:
5473:
4291:"An overview on how to stop SMS Spoofing in mobile operator networks (September 9, 2008)"
3974:
1917:
GSM Doc 28/85 "Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System" rev2, June 1985
718:
6073:
5945:
5920:
5880:
5850:
5725:
5560:
5446:
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2483:
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472:
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386:
299:
64:
38:
4042:
3134:
3004:
1649:
638:-based messaging services with additional features for modern mobile devices, such as
6433:
6222:
5995:
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5900:
5790:
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5582:
5441:
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1758:
1397:
1103:
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737:
416:
335:
190:
76:
49:
3919:
3556:
3440:
Design and Implementation of a Short Message Service Data Channel for Mobile Systems
2640:
2316:
Telenor leads in establishing GSM (2G) – the SMS service was a part of this platform
1728:
280:
The discussions on the GSM services were concluded in the recommendation GSM 02.03 "
6100:
5940:
5885:
5815:
5780:
5715:
5614:
5604:
5456:
5177:
5140:
5074:
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2167:
1530:
1435:
1258:
1062:
1053:
On some carriers nonsubscribers can send messages to a subscriber's phone using an
671:
18 came out in 2024, which will mean that virtually all new mobile phones (iOS and
616:
114:; it has since been defined and supported on newer networks, including present-day
111:
84:
4294:
2328:
249:
capacity and network transport infrastructure to accommodate growing SMS traffic.
138:
was later introduced as an upgrade to SMS with "picture messaging" capabilities.
4001:
3975:"SMS Tutorial: Introduction to AT Commands, Basic Commands and Extended Commands"
1952:
6300:
5950:
5860:
5845:
5805:
5765:
5624:
5165:
5130:
5079:
5054:
4616:
4556:
4061:"Whitepaper: Market Opportunities for Text and MMS Messaging" ABI Research, 2011
3655:
3623:"Does Twilio support concatenated SMS messages or messages over 160 characters?"
1520:
1372:
1294:
1281:
or subject-line passed back and forth between sent and received messages in the
1183:
units support the sending and receiving of SMS using an extended version of the
1180:
1077:
1054:
1020:
1015:
996:
899:
871:—was originally defined in GSM recommendation 03.40, which is now maintained in
414:
due to incompatible networks and cheap voice calls relative to other countries.
410:
374:
366:
197:, sent "Merry Christmas" to the Orbitel 901 phone of colleague Richard Jarvis.
158:
119:
17:
4174:
307:
known today was largely created by IDEG (later WP4) as the two recommendations
205:
189:) series of standards. The first SMS message was sent on 3 December 1992, when
6305:
6012:
5710:
5619:
5575:
5545:
5523:
5513:
5488:
5253:
5069:
5044:
4941:
4852:
4809:
4748:
4030:
3686:"t-zones text messaging: send and receive messages with mobile text messaging"
3160:
2952:
1245:
1241:
837:
822:
688:
658:
and typically don't provide cross-platform messaging capabilities like SMS or
390:
339:
224:
The SMS concept was developed in the Franco-German GSM cooperation in 1984 by
194:
154:
4259:
3938:
CAMEL Phase 4 specification, also available from the 3GPP specification page.
3597:
2731:
2620:
2563:
2458:
829:, both in Japan. Email messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT Docomo's
615:
The popularity of SMS also led to the spontaneous creation of the so-called '
6290:
5755:
5570:
4789:
4551:
4384:
2713:
1931:
1311:
1195:
1118:
942:
938:
800:
764:
698:
425:
The short answer is that, in America, talk is cheap. Because local calls on
319:
308:
68:
4348:"TRAI extends the 100 SMS per day per SIM limit to 200 SMS per day per SIM"
3427:
Gil Held: "Data over Wireless Networks." pages 105–11, 137–38. Wiley, 2001.
3022:
3577:
3276:"CNN.com - SMS bombs nominated for crime-fighting prize - August 30, 2001"
6285:
6275:
6192:
6017:
5840:
5160:
4932:
4539:
4529:
4524:
2977:"RCS Messaging Finally Lands on Your iPhone With the iOS 18 Public Betas"
2689:
2583:
1471:
1368:
1199:
1091:
974:
741:
726:
643:
426:
362:
354:
331:
311:(the two point-to-point services merged) and GSM 03.41 (cell broadcast).
238:
141:
In addition to recreational texting between people, SMS is also used for
127:
72:
2195:
GSM 03.40, WP4 document 152/87, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
937:
Short messages can be encoded using a variety of alphabets: the default
6280:
6265:
5059:
4837:
4514:
4128:"Commercial Long Code SMS Product and Fee Structure Changes on Verizon"
2446:
1371:
attack through SMS, showing a fake message and URL claiming to be from
970:
966:
723:
445:” (IM) the preferred mode of electronic chat among American teenagers.
1806:
169:
has been designated as the potential open standard successor to SMS.
6310:
6270:
5592:
5384:
5337:
5172:
4892:
2774:"Cheaper mobile calls and text as ACCC moves to slash wholesale fees"
2479:"Towards the Full Roll-Out of Third Generation Mobile Communications"
1560:
1499:
1221:
content submits the message to the mobile operator's SMSC(s) using a
950:
830:
651:
467:
SMS messages sent monthly in the U.S. from 2001 to 2008 (in billions)
370:
358:
2177:, Teleservices Supported by a GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN).
1812:
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
1470:
services, and up to 6,000 SMS messages per SIM per month in case of
44:
2186:
Document GSM IDEG 79/87r3, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
898:
the mobile handset) operations are supported. Message delivery is "
6295:
6232:
5540:
4248:
4229:
1556:
1535:
1362:
1121:
needs. SMS usage for these purposes is slowly being superseded by
1099:
1073:, offer the ability to do this through their respective websites.
959:
946:
717:
706:
659:
462:
382:
288:" Here a rudimentary description of the three services was given:
242:
209:
204:
182:
43:
2142:
1618:"A short history of SMS for anyone working in Telecommunications"
6237:
4534:
4431:
4428:– how the GSM 7-bit default alphabet characters map into Unicode
4241:
SSMS – A Secure SMS Messaging Protocol for the M-Payment Systems
4175:"Report Says That SMS is Not Ideal for Emergency Communications"
3246:
2005:
see GSM document 02/82, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
1405:
1401:
1327:
1168:
1146:
931:
872:
729:
5341:
4435:
4072:"What is A2P (Application-to-person) SMS Messaging? | Glossary"
1449:
network that can query originating subscriber details from the
667:'Universal Profile' initiative. It was supported by Apple when
609:
5483:
5245:
4670:
3052:
2132:
GSM document 28/85r2, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
1441:
1414:
1385:
1191:
954:
668:
221:
transmitted via message handling systems in use at that time.
217:
186:
95:
4270:
4002:"What are AT Commands : Different Types, and Their List"
2827:"BBC News | E-CYCLOPEDIA | Txt msging: Th shp of thngs 2 cm?"
894:
a mobile handset) and mobile originating (MO, for those sent
2123:
GSM document 19/85, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
4643:
4638:
4628:
4611:
4606:
4595:
3582:(1st ed.). London: Springer. pp. 70, 79, 163–66.
334:
GSM network in the United Kingdom on 3 December 1992, from
122:, messages can be transmitted over the Internet through an
115:
3854:"10pText.co.uk help you text internationally for 10p/text"
1807:"Short Message Service (SMS) in Fixed and Mobile Networks"
441:
to the internet, for hours at a time, and using PC-to-PC “
2500:"The Philippine text messaging phenomenon | Philstar.com"
1339:
areas where the signal is too poor to make a voice call.
1244:. In this case, the VASP providing the service obtains a
875:
as TS 23.040. GSM 03.41 (now 3GPP TS 23.041) defines the
275:
Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System,
87:
exchange short text messages, typically transmitted over
4414:
2362:[Creator of text messages Matti Makkonen died].
4417:– the organization that maintains the SMS specification
4006:
ElProCus – Electronic Projects for Engineering Students
2710:
Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Competency Framework
1860:
Features, Chris Gayomali last updated in (2012-12-03).
736:
Additionally, an intermediary service can facilitate a
840:, also typically uses standard mail protocols such as
3048:"OMG, The Text Message Turns 20. But has SMS peaked?"
2245:"First commercial deployment of Text Messaging (SMS)"
1396:(BTS) is optionally encrypted with a weak and broken
3791:"How to send a text message from your email account"
3300:"Dutch police fight cell phone theft with SMS bombs"
6319:
6256:
6178:
6142:
6099:
6040:
5974:
5683:
5375:
5244:
5191:
5121:
5030:
4973:
4940:
4927:
4866:
4818:
4757:
4656:
4575:
4469:
1862:"The text message turns 20: A brief history of SMS"
1380:
Mobile security § Attacks based on SMS and MMS
481:
4102:"Long Code Vs Short Code – What's The Difference?"
2876:"It's a hamster on your mobile. Or possibly Kylie"
2685:"The Rise of Text Messaging [INFOGRAPHIC]"
1673:"Understanding GPRS: The GSM Packet Radio Service"
1462:from some of the service providers and consumers,
488:Monthly messages sent per mobile subscriber (2003)
4169:
4167:
2708:Matthews, Charles H.; Brueggemann, Ralph (2015).
2277:. Electronic Frontier Foundation). Archived from
1953:"'Merry Christmas': 30 years of the text message"
1671:Ghribi, Brahim; Logrippo, Luigi (November 2000).
1516:Short message service technical realisation (GSM)
1293:capabilities analogous to the functionality that
863:Short message service technical realisation (GSM)
369:) in Sweden in 1993, followed by Fleet Call (now
266:, with contributions from Bernard Ghillebaert of
3918:CAMEL Phase 3 specification, available from the
2851:"SMS: Mobile data's dark horse hits its stride"
2584:"Europe, Asia embrace GR8 way to stay in touch"
1090:Short messages can send binary content such as
423:
3898:MAP phase 2 specification, available from the
3878:MAP phase 1 specification, available from the
3566:, Alphabets and language-specific information.
3552:
3550:
1384:The Global Service for Mobile communications (
1117:companies use SMS for their data transport or
5353:
4447:
4318:"3,000 SMS a Month Limit in India From Today"
3789:Hill, Simon; Revilla, Andre (28 April 2022).
2667:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
1031:Message Service Centers communicate with the
877:Short Message Service—Cell Broadcast (SMS-CB)
869:Short Message Service—Point to Point (SMS-PP)
126:, allowing communication to computers, fixed
8:
3738:"Answers to FAQs – Verizon Wireless Support"
3240:"3GPP TS 51.010-1 version 12.5.0 Release 12"
2953:"SMS: Popularity, Statistics, and Use Cases"
2641:"Will instant messaging be the new texting?"
1927:
1925:
1923:
1913:
1911:
6368:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
4043:Threaded Messaging definition (Phone Scoop)
3105:"Libya's Election Ushers in New Voter Tech"
2391:
2389:
1169:Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP)
6404:
5360:
5346:
5338:
4937:
4765:
4480:
4454:
4440:
4432:
4204:Text Message Delivery Time and Reliability
3472:"Text Message Tips (not sent or received)"
2360:"Suri tekstisõnumite looja Matti Makkonen"
1759:"What is SMS 2FA? | Security Encyclopedia"
1350:Unlike dedicated texting systems like the
1257:An alternative to inbound SMS is based on
476:
3656:"Simplifying Unicode punctuation for SMS"
3023:"BBC News | UK | Text messaging grows up"
1057:. Additionally, many carriers, including
934:(140 bytes Ă— 8 bits / byte = 1120 bits).
4316:Nirmala Ganapathy (September 27, 2011).
4222:Solutions to the GSM Security Weaknesses
3821:"BT trials mobile SMS to voice landline"
3764:"Is there a maximum SMS message length?"
3107:. World Policy Institute. Archived from
914:be maintained external to the protocol.
654:. These services run independently from
634:SMS has been increasingly challenged by
389:, an engineer at Nokia at the time, the
330:The first SMS message was sent over the
212:, a common mobile keypad alphabet layout
3714:. Support.sprintpcs.com. Archived from
3482:from the original on September 28, 2021
2040:from the original on September 30, 2021
1576:
1548:
1153:Phase 3 introduced the ability for the
420:wrote in 2003, as noted by an analyst:
409:It had become extremely popular in the
3955:from the original on February 16, 2020
3249:. September 2015. pp. 3418–3423.
2525:"The Philippines: SMS and Citizenship"
1824:
1822:
1584:O'Mahony, Jennifer (3 December 2012).
4185:from the original on January 25, 2015
4134:from the original on October 18, 2019
4108:from the original on January 11, 2024
4082:from the original on January 25, 2017
3453:from the original on January 26, 2022
3194:from the original on 15 February 2015
3060:from the original on January 27, 2021
2998:
2996:
2801:"Mobile Messaging Futures 2014-20148"
2546:
2544:
2542:
2145:. Stephen Temple. February 24, 2013.
1885:
1883:
1881:
1598:from the original on 18 November 2022
1048:Value-Added Service Providers (VASPs)
1027:Interconnectivity with other networks
455:), hence making SMS more accessible.
349:The first commercial deployment of a
7:
6414:
3797:from the original on 3 December 2022
3633:from the original on 3 December 2022
3409:from the original on 3 December 2022
3383:from the original on 3 December 2022
3357:from the original on 7 December 2022
3331:from the original on 3 December 2022
2306:from the original on 3 December 2022
2270:US Department of Homeland Security.
2234:, December 2002, The Times of India.
1739:from the original on August 26, 2016
1490:Comparison of mobile phone standards
627:below). In the early and mid 2000s,
6450:Mobile telecommunications standards
3256:from the original on April 24, 2017
3182:Reitman, Rainey (10 January 2012).
3046:Kelly, Heather (December 3, 2012).
2903:from the original on 9 January 2012
1227:short message peer-to-peer protocol
977:is additional to the payload size.
37:For text messaging in general, see
5284:USA use restrictions while driving
5259:Legality of recording by civilians
4421:ISO Standards (In Zip file format)
4388:. January 26, 2012. Archived from
3833:from the original on June 29, 2017
3666:from the original on July 15, 2021
3220:from the original on March 2, 2013
2374:from the original on March 4, 2016
2339:from the original on April 9, 2022
1830:"The World Today – The rise of 3G"
1421:In October 2005, researchers from
1167:vendor specific extensions to the
25:
6445:Mobile telecommunication services
3740:. Support.vzw.com. Archived from
3131:"SMS types on routomessaging.com"
2897:"The death of SMS is exaggerated"
2426:from the original on July 8, 2008
2206:"the strange duckling of GSM SMS"
2149:from the original on May 11, 2013
1727:Black, Ken (September 13, 2016).
1033:Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
958:must be encoded using the 16-bit
6413:
6403:
6394:
6393:
6382:
6003:Free-space optical communication
5321:
5320:
5309:
5297:
3981:from the original on May 9, 2008
3770:from the original on May 8, 2017
2780:from the original on May 8, 2015
2693:. 17 August 2010. Archived from
2661:Kapitsa, L. (12 December 2007).
2609:"No text please, we're American"
1485:Process driven messaging service
1231:External Machine Interface (EMI)
1000:be classified as aggregators or
907:stateless communication protocol
732:telephone that is capable of SMS
282:TeleServices supported by a GSM
27:Text messaging service component
4156:. July 17, 2012. Archived from
4041:From Phone Scoop definitions –
4012:from the original on 2022-05-16
3604:from the original on 2024-01-11
3086:from the original on 2017-02-22
3005:"SMS codes [Explained]"
2933:from the original on 2023-11-11
2746:"Etisalat launches MMS service"
2523:Celdran, David (January 2002).
2414:Crystal, David (July 5, 2008).
2143:"So who really did create SMS?"
2086:from the original on 2023-12-12
1988:from the original on 2016-01-26
1959:from the original on 2022-12-03
1842:from the original on 2022-12-03
1302:Application-to-person (A2P) SMS
799:In March 2001, Dutch police in
177:SMS technology originated from
3688:. T-mobile.com. Archived from
3216:. Heise.de. 13 December 2011.
3188:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3003:Rossignuolo, Vincenza (2021).
2358:Nael, Merili (June 30, 2015).
1783:"Eurovision facts and figures"
1352:Simple Network Paging Protocol
1129:Support in other architectures
79:systems. It uses standardized
1:
4052:– Retrieved December 29, 2012
4000:Agarwal, Tarun (2019-09-18).
3856:. SMStextnews. Archived from
3819:Leyden, John (January 2004).
2329:"BT unveils new mobile brand"
2225:UK hails 10th birthday of SMS
1423:Pennsylvania State University
1039:via Interworking and Gateway
6389:Telecommunication portal
6170:Telecommunications equipment
5304:Telecommunication portal
3302:. 2001-04-13. Archived from
2853:. 2001-04-13. Archived from
2712:(First ed.). New York:
1622:www.dynamicmobilebilling.com
1215:Value-added service provider
1209:Premium-rated short messages
884:short message service center
705:), in 1998. Initially, only
629:Multimedia Messaging Service
351:short message service center
98:standards, and based on the
48:An SMS message written on a
5906:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
3530:"Adventures in Unicode SMS"
2772:Han, Esther (May 6, 2015).
2211:September 25, 2007, at the
1681:Computer Networks (journal)
1586:"How SMS Changed the World"
1149:Releases 99 and 4 onwards,
693:SMS may be used to provide
6481:
5610:Telecommunications history
5226:Phantom vibration syndrome
5221:Mental health from overuse
4277:December 10, 2005, at the
3852:Ewan (September 1, 2006).
2401:February 15, 2002, at the
2215:, Telektronikk Vol.3 2004.
1892:"RCS: Next Generation SMS"
1890:Junge, Jack (2017-02-27).
1510:Enhanced Messaging Service
1433:
1377:
1179:Many mobile and satellite
886:(SMSC), which provides a "
860:
808:Text messaging outside GSM
755:service and call centers.
682:
470:
67:service component of most
59:, commonly abbreviated as
36:
29:
6377:
6218:Public Switched Telephone
6030:telecommunication circuit
5991:Fiber-optic communication
5736:Francis Blake (telephone)
5531:Optical telecommunication
5292:
4905:Open-source mobile phones
4768:
4483:
3528:Chad Selph (2012-11-08).
1688:(5): 763–779 – via
1642:"When First SMS Was Sent"
1334:support SMS. While early
1085:text-to-speech conversion
740:conversion to be sent to
589:
573:
557:
541:
525:
509:
493:
486:
151:two-factor authentication
94:Developed as part of the
6129:Orbital angular-momentum
5566:Satellite communications
5405:Communications satellite
3532:. Twilio. Archived from
3503:"Communication Networks"
3403:"Specification # 23.041"
3351:"Specification # 23.040"
1941:December 2002, BBC News.
1729:"What is SMS Marketing?"
1394:Base Transceiver Station
1318:Satellite phone networks
1155:Intelligent Network (IN)
1096:Over-the-air programming
656:mobile network operators
6008:Molecular communication
5831:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
5660:Undersea telegraph line
5395:Cable protection system
5269:Photography and the law
5264:Mobile phones in prison
4322:Straits Times Indonesia
3377:"Specification # 03.41"
3325:"Specification # 03.40"
2396:GSM World press release
2368:Eesti Rahvusringhääling
2296:"Our history in Norway"
2272:"Cellular Technologies"
1704:"How SMS gateway works"
1235:mobile network operator
1135:Mobile Application Part
943:the 8-bit data alphabet
924:Mobile Application Part
882:Messages are sent to a
81:communication protocols
6150:Communication protocol
5936:Charles Sumner Tainter
5751:Walter Houser Brattain
5696:Edwin Howard Armstrong
5504:Information revolution
4380:"TRAI cap on SMS goes"
4209:July 12, 2011, at the
4031:US Patent 7028263 2001
1451:home location register
1375:
733:
679:Premium-rated services
625:Premium-rated services
468:
447:
213:
193:, a test engineer for
157:, mobile banking (see
53:
6124:Polarization-division
5856:Narinder Singh Kapany
5821:Erna Schneider Hoover
5741:Jagadish Chandra Bose
5721:Alexander Graham Bell
5452:online video platform
5316:Telephones portal
5279:Texting while driving
5216:External power supply
4915:Windows Phone devices
4297:on September 26, 2008
3692:on September 17, 2008
2335:. September 3, 2001.
1366:
1225:protocol such as the
1109:SMS is used for M2M (
1094:or logos, as well as
721:
695:premium rate services
466:
326:Early implementations
208:
173:Developmental history
57:Short Message Service
47:
5966:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5926:Almon Brown Strowger
5896:Charles Grafton Page
5551:Prepaid mobile phone
5479:Electrical telegraph
5231:Radiation and health
4547:Standards comparison
4426:GSM 03.38 to Unicode
4392:on December 12, 2012
4360:on November 11, 2011
3744:on September 9, 2008
3576:Groves, Ian (1998).
3478:. December 9, 2018.
2951:Brouwers, Christel.
2788:– via The Age.
2529:Development Dialogue
2105:Friedhelm Hillebrand
1690:University of Ottawa
1055:Email-to-SMS gateway
226:Friedhelm Hillebrand
32:SMS (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
5916:Johann Philipp Reis
5675:Wireless revolution
5637:The Telephone Cases
5494:Hydraulic telegraph
4328:on February 4, 2013
3718:on October 20, 2008
3660:ssb22.user.srcf.net
2807:on December 8, 2015
1652:on December 1, 2017
1591:The Daily Telegraph
1563:character encoding.
775:, as in delivering
685:Reverse SMS billing
478:
397:Growth and adoption
230:Bernard Ghillebaert
6114:Frequency-division
6091:Telephone exchange
5961:Charles Wheatstone
5891:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
5866:Innocenzo Manzetti
5801:Reginald Fessenden
5536:Optical telegraphy
5369:Telecommunications
4265:2009-05-30 at the
4048:2013-02-03 at the
3925:2007-05-01 at the
3905:2008-10-17 at the
3885:2008-10-17 at the
3793:. Digital Trends.
3562:2007-06-16 at the
3476:community.o2.co.uk
3163:on August 18, 2015
2552:"Je ne texte rien"
2445:Silberman, Steve.
2420:Guardian Unlimited
2230:2011-04-29 at the
2173:2008-12-05 at the
1937:2007-01-20 at the
1505:Data Coding Scheme
1376:
1279:session identifier
1275:conversation-level
1111:Machine to Machine
963:character encoding
939:GSM 7-bit alphabet
912:session management
777:one-time passwords
734:
640:Facebook Messenger
477:
469:
459:Contemporary usage
431:wireless operators
429:are usually free,
365:) with Telia (now
214:
54:
6427:
6426:
6165:Store and forward
6160:Data transmission
6074:Network switching
6025:Transmission line
5871:Guglielmo Marconi
5836:Internet pioneers
5701:Mohamed M. Atalla
5670:Whistled language
5335:
5334:
5274:Telephone tapping
5117:
5116:
5065:Instant messaging
4923:
4922:
4652:
4651:
4160:on July 17, 2012.
3589:978-1-4615-6377-8
2799:Portio Research.
2723:978-0-415-74252-8
2672:DOC file download
2251:on March 16, 2008
1978:"Vintage Mobiles"
1708:Ozeki SMS Gateway
1555:Specifically 140
1495:Instant messaging
1217:(VASP) providing
1185:Hayes command set
1059:AT&T Mobility
992:Gateway providers
945:, and the 16-bit
888:store and forward
852:Technical details
789:Verfassungsschutz
636:Internet Protocol
605:
604:
592:
576:
560:
544:
528:
512:
496:
489:
484:
443:instant messaging
253:Early development
163:instant messaging
89:cellular networks
16:(Redirected from
6472:
6417:
6416:
6407:
6406:
6397:
6396:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6258:Notable networks
6248:Wireless network
6188:Cellular network
6180:Types of network
6155:Computer network
6042:Network topology
5956:Thomas A. Watson
5811:Oliver Heaviside
5796:Philo Farnsworth
5771:Daniel Davis Jr.
5746:Charles Bourseul
5706:John Logie Baird
5415:Data compression
5410:Computer network
5362:
5355:
5348:
5339:
5324:
5323:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5211:Electronic waste
5201:BlackBerry thumb
5151:Japanese culture
4938:
4898:iOS jailbreaking
4766:
4688:Operating system
4503:Network operator
4488:Channel capacity
4481:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4433:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4359:
4353:. Archived from
4352:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4324:. Archived from
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4293:. Archived from
4287:
4281:
4257:
4251:
4238:
4232:
4219:
4213:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4053:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3916:
3910:
3896:
3890:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3860:on March 4, 2016
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3766:. TextAnywhere.
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3573:
3567:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3505:. Archived from
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3399:
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3340:
3338:
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3321:
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3314:
3312:
3311:
3296:
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3289:
3287:
3286:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3159:. Archived from
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3133:. Archived from
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2899:. 13 June 2011.
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2803:. Archived from
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2548:
2537:
2536:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2504:www.philstar.com
2496:
2490:
2489:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2447:"Just Say Nokia"
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2411:
2405:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2284:on May 24, 2012.
2283:
2276:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2247:. Archived from
2241:
2235:
2222:
2216:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1948:
1942:
1929:
1918:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1887:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1677:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1648:. Archived from
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1581:
1564:
1553:
1526:SMS home routing
1367:An example of a
1326:networks except
1291:session-tracking
1115:vehicle tracking
1071:Verizon Wireless
1014:Another type of
986:User Data Header
982:concatenated SMS
980:Larger content (
600:
599:
590:
584:
583:
574:
568:
567:
558:
552:
551:
542:
536:
535:
526:
520:
519:
510:
504:
503:
494:
487:
482:
479:
264:Deutsche Telekom
234:signalling paths
179:radio telegraphy
147:direct marketing
143:mobile marketing
104:carrier/operator
21:
18:Mobile messaging
6480:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6383:
6381:
6373:
6315:
6252:
6174:
6138:
6095:
6044:
6036:
5977:
5970:
5876:Robert Metcalfe
5731:Tim Berners-Lee
5679:
5499:Information Age
5371:
5366:
5336:
5331:
5310:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5288:
5240:
5193:
5187:
5113:
5026:
4969:
4965:Cloud computing
4931:
4929:
4919:
4910:Symbian devices
4876:Android devices
4862:
4814:
4805:Satellite phone
4800:Projector phone
4760:
4753:
4658:
4648:
4571:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4460:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4279:Wayback Machine
4267:Wayback Machine
4258:
4254:
4239:
4235:
4220:
4216:
4211:Wayback Machine
4202:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4076:www.infobip.com
4070:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4050:Wayback Machine
4040:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4015:
4013:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3927:Wayback Machine
3917:
3913:
3907:Wayback Machine
3897:
3893:
3887:Wayback Machine
3877:
3873:
3863:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3800:
3798:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3636:
3634:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3607:
3605:
3590:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3564:Wayback Machine
3555:
3548:
3539:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3509:on May 11, 2016
3500:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3280:edition.cnn.com
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3111:on July 7, 2014
3103:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3031:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2927:Hindustan Times
2921:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2869:
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2820:
2810:
2808:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2724:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2623:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2568:
2566:
2550:
2549:
2540:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2488:. 11 June 2002.
2477:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2416:"2b or not 2b?"
2413:
2412:
2408:
2403:Wayback Machine
2394:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2366:(in Estonian).
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2333:BBC News Online
2327:
2326:
2322:
2309:
2307:
2294:
2293:
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2281:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2232:Wayback Machine
2223:
2219:
2213:Wayback Machine
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2175:Wayback Machine
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2036:. May 3, 2009.
2032:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1951:Kleinman, Zoe.
1950:
1949:
1945:
1939:Wayback Machine
1932:Hppy bthdy txt!
1930:
1921:
1916:
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1900:
1898:
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1568:
1567:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1480:
1459:
1438:
1432:
1382:
1361:
1359:Vulnerabilities
1348:
1324:satellite phone
1322:All commercial
1320:
1304:
1267:
1211:
1177:
1131:
1104:Smart Messaging
1029:
994:
973:data and other
920:
865:
859:
854:
810:
797:
785:
773:confidentiality
761:
716:
691:
681:
623:standard. (see
601:
597:
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585:
581:
580:
569:
565:
564:
553:
549:
548:
537:
533:
532:
521:
517:
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505:
501:
500:
475:
461:
448:
399:
344:Mavenir Systems
328:
255:
203:
201:Initial concept
175:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6478:
6476:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6455:Text messaging
6452:
6447:
6442:
6440:3GPP standards
6432:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6411:
6401:
6391:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
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6364:
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6344:
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6323:
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6317:
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6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6109:Space-division
6105:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6059:
6054:
6048:
6046:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5946:Camille Tissot
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:Claude Shannon
5918:
5913:
5911:Tivadar Puskás
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5881:Antonio Meucci
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5851:Charles K. Kao
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5826:Harold Hopkins
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5726:Emile Berliner
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5665:Videotelephony
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5640:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5563:
5561:Radiotelephone
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5447:Internet video
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5367:
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5364:
5357:
5350:
5342:
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5329:
5318:
5306:
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5276:
5271:
5266:
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5250:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5206:Driving safety
5203:
5197:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5158:
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5133:
5127:
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5106:
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5104:
5094:
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5092:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
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5042:
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5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5018:
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5012:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4935:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4769:
4763:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4717:Text messaging
4714:
4713:
4712:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4593:
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4581:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4423:
4418:
4410:
4409:External links
4407:
4404:
4403:
4371:
4339:
4308:
4282:
4252:
4233:
4214:
4196:
4163:
4145:
4119:
4093:
4063:
4054:
4034:
4022:
3992:
3966:
3940:
3931:
3911:
3891:
3871:
3844:
3811:
3781:
3755:
3729:
3703:
3677:
3647:
3627:Twilio Support
3614:
3588:
3579:Mobile systems
3568:
3557:3GPP TS 23.038
3546:
3520:
3501:Amri, Kuross.
3493:
3463:
3437:Oliver, Earl,
3429:
3420:
3394:
3368:
3342:
3316:
3291:
3267:
3231:
3205:
3174:
3148:
3137:on May 5, 2013
3122:
3096:
3080:"Caktus Group"
3071:
3038:
3027:news.bbc.co.uk
3014:
2992:
2968:
2943:
2929:. 2023-07-09.
2914:
2888:
2867:
2842:
2831:news.bbc.co.uk
2818:
2791:
2764:
2737:
2722:
2700:
2697:on 2010-08-18.
2676:
2653:
2632:
2600:
2575:
2538:
2515:
2491:
2484:European Union
2470:
2437:
2422:. London, UK.
2406:
2385:
2350:
2320:
2287:
2262:
2236:
2217:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2160:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2096:
2068:ETSI, TC-SMG.
2060:
2051:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1982:History of GSM
1969:
1943:
1919:
1907:
1877:
1852:
1818:
1798:
1774:
1750:
1719:
1695:
1663:
1633:
1609:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1458:
1455:
1434:Main article:
1431:
1428:
1410:authentication
1390:Mobile Station
1360:
1357:
1347:
1344:
1319:
1316:
1303:
1300:
1266:
1263:
1229:(SMPP) or the
1210:
1207:
1176:
1173:
1130:
1127:
1028:
1025:
993:
990:
919:
916:
861:Main article:
858:
855:
853:
850:
809:
806:
796:
793:
784:
781:
760:
757:
752:SMS enablement
715:
712:
680:
677:
603:
602:
595:
593:
587:
586:
579:
577:
571:
570:
563:
561:
555:
554:
547:
545:
539:
538:
531:
529:
523:
522:
515:
513:
507:
506:
499:
497:
491:
490:
485:
473:Text messaging
460:
457:
453:digital divide
422:
398:
395:
387:Matti Makkonen
353:(SMSC) was by
327:
324:
304:
303:
300:cell broadcast
298:Short message
296:
293:
268:France Télécom
254:
251:
202:
199:
181:in radio memo
174:
171:
65:text messaging
39:Text messaging
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6477:
6466:
6465:Communication
6463:
6461:
6460:Mobile phones
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6420:
6412:
6410:
6402:
6400:
6392:
6390:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6369:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6135:
6134:Code-division
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6119:Time-division
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:and switching
6043:
6039:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5996:optical fiber
5994:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5986:Coaxial cable
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5973:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5901:Radia Perlman
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5791:Lee de Forest
5789:
5787:
5786:Thomas Edison
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:Donald Davies
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5761:Claude Chappe
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5605:Smoke signals
5603:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5583:Semiconductor
5581:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5442:Digital media
5440:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
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5380:
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5349:
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5343:
5340:
5328:
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5294:
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5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
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5270:
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5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
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5243:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
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5202:
5199:
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5190:
5184:
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5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5087:
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5083:
5081:
5078:
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5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4926:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:BlackBerry 10
4886:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Feature phone
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4774:Manufacturers
4771:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4710:airplane mode
4708:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4699:
4698:phone cloning
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4464:
4463:Mobile phones
4457:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4356:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4309:
4301:September 12,
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4197:
4184:
4180:
4179:cellular-news
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4112:September 23,
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3859:
3855:
3848:
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3748:September 18,
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3696:September 18,
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3547:
3536:on 2015-09-08
3535:
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3486:September 28,
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3306:on 2001-04-13
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2857:on 2001-04-13
2856:
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2811:September 28,
2806:
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2751:Khaleej Times
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2613:The Economist
2610:
2604:
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2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
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2561:
2557:
2556:The Economist
2553:
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2300:Telenor Group
2297:
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2250:
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2240:
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2204:Finn Trosby,
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2113:0-470-84322-5
2110:
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2100:
2097:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2061:
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2039:
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2002:
1999:
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1983:
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1788:
1787:www.bbc.co.uk
1784:
1778:
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1754:
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1743:September 28,
1738:
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1429:
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1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:stream cipher
1395:
1392:(MS) and the
1391:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1346:Unreliability
1345:
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1137:(MAP) of the
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926:(MAP) of the
925:
917:
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870:
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766:
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749:
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739:
738:text-to-voice
731:
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591:United States
588:
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562:
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417:The Economist
412:
407:
405:
396:
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388:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:(now part of
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
336:Neil Papworth
333:
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321:
316:
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191:Neil Papworth
188:
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97:
92:
90:
86:
85:mobile phones
82:
78:
77:mobile device
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
50:Motorola Razr
46:
40:
33:
19:
6101:Multiplexing
5976:Transmission
5941:Nikola Tesla
5931:Henry Sutton
5886:Samuel Morse
5816:Robert Hooke
5781:Amos Dolbear
5716:John Bardeen
5635:
5615:Telautograph
5519:Mobile phone
5474:Edholm's law
5457:social media
5390:Broadcasting
5131:Box breaking
5102:address book
4955:Distribution
4820:Form factors
4785:Camera phone
4772:
4749:Web browsing
4600:
4584:
4396:February 24,
4394:. Retrieved
4390:the original
4383:
4374:
4364:November 16,
4362:. Retrieved
4355:the original
4342:
4332:November 10,
4330:. Retrieved
4326:the original
4321:
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4295:the original
4285:
4255:
4236:
4217:
4199:
4187:. Retrieved
4178:
4158:the original
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4075:
4066:
4057:
4037:
4025:
4014:. Retrieved
4005:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3943:
3934:
3914:
3894:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:the original
3847:
3835:. Retrieved
3826:The Register
3824:
3814:
3806:
3799:. Retrieved
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3742:the original
3732:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:the original
3706:
3694:. Retrieved
3690:the original
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3659:
3650:
3642:
3635:. Retrieved
3626:
3617:
3606:. Retrieved
3578:
3571:
3538:. Retrieved
3534:the original
3523:
3511:. Retrieved
3507:the original
3496:
3484:. Retrieved
3475:
3466:
3455:, retrieved
3439:
3432:
3423:
3411:. Retrieved
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3319:
3308:. Retrieved
3304:the original
3294:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3270:
3258:. Retrieved
3234:
3224:February 24,
3222:. Retrieved
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3161:the original
3151:
3141:February 20,
3139:. Retrieved
3135:the original
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:the original
3099:
3088:. Retrieved
3074:
3064:December 22,
3062:. Retrieved
3051:
3041:
3030:. Retrieved
3026:
3017:
3008:
2984:. Retrieved
2980:
2971:
2960:. Retrieved
2956:
2946:
2935:. Retrieved
2926:
2917:
2905:. Retrieved
2891:
2880:. Retrieved
2878:. 2002-05-13
2870:
2859:. Retrieved
2855:the original
2845:
2834:. Retrieved
2830:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2805:the original
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2767:
2756:. Retrieved
2754:. 2003-07-16
2749:
2740:
2709:
2703:
2695:the original
2688:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2656:
2645:. Retrieved
2643:. 2003-06-30
2635:
2624:. Retrieved
2612:
2603:
2592:. Retrieved
2590:. 2004-04-23
2587:
2578:
2567:. Retrieved
2555:
2535:(1): 91–103.
2532:
2528:
2518:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2494:
2482:
2473:
2462:. Retrieved
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2419:
2409:
2376:. Retrieved
2363:
2353:
2343:November 13,
2341:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2315:
2308:. Retrieved
2299:
2290:
2279:the original
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2239:
2220:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2168:GSM TS 02.03
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2119:
2099:
2088:. Retrieved
2076:
2063:
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2034:"Technology"
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1990:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1961:. Retrieved
1946:
1899:. Retrieved
1895:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1815:. July 2004.
1810:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1763:www.hypr.com
1762:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1698:
1685:
1679:
1666:
1656:November 27,
1654:. Retrieved
1650:the original
1646:Play GK Quiz
1645:
1636:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1589:
1579:
1551:
1531:SMS language
1460:
1447:
1439:
1436:SMS spoofing
1430:SMS spoofing
1420:
1383:
1349:
1341:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1287:
1272:
1268:
1265:Threaded SMS
1259:long numbers
1256:
1239:
1219:premium-rate
1212:
1204:
1189:
1178:
1144:
1132:
1108:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1063:T-Mobile USA
1052:
1045:
1030:
1013:
1006:
995:
979:
936:
921:
918:Message size
904:
895:
891:
881:
876:
868:
866:
826:
818:
811:
798:
786:
771:or cases of
767:, such as a
762:
751:
750:
746:
735:
692:
633:
624:
617:SMS language
614:
606:
449:
424:
415:
408:
400:
379:
375:SMS gateways
348:
329:
317:
313:
305:
281:
279:
274:
272:
260:
256:
247:
223:
215:
176:
153:logging-in,
140:
120:SMS gateways
118:ones. Using
112:Digital AMPS
93:
60:
56:
55:
6301:NPL network
6013:Radio waves
5951:Alfred Vail
5861:Hedy Lamarr
5846:Dawon Kahng
5806:Elisha Gray
5766:Yogen Dalal
5691:Nasir Ahmed
5625:Teleprinter
5489:Heliographs
5192:Environment
5166:silent mode
5010:contactless
4993:advertising
4950:Development
4868:Smartphones
4577:Generations
4493:Frequencies
4138:October 17,
3198:15 February
3157:"Flash SMS"
2907:25 November
1521:SMS hubbing
1181:transceiver
1175:AT commands
1106:is common.
1021:SMS gateway
1016:SMS gateway
1004:providers.
997:SMS gateway
900:best effort
765:emergencies
703:Elisa Group
511:South Korea
495:Philippines
411:Philippines
367:TeliaSonera
159:SMS banking
145:(a type of
6434:Categories
6347:Antarctica
6306:Toasternet
6228:Television
5711:Paul Baran
5643:Television
5627:(teletype)
5620:Telegraphy
5598:transistor
5576:Phryctoria
5546:Photophone
5524:Smartphone
5514:Mass media
5254:Carrier IQ
5194:and health
5109:Television
4960:Management
4853:Smartwatch
4810:Smartphone
4498:Multi-band
4016:2022-07-11
3801:3 December
3637:3 December
3608:2021-09-23
3540:2015-08-28
3513:October 5,
3413:3 December
3387:3 December
3361:3 December
3335:3 December
3310:2024-08-05
3285:2024-08-05
3090:2017-02-21
3032:2024-08-02
2986:2024-08-02
2962:2024-08-02
2937:2023-11-11
2882:2024-08-02
2861:2024-08-05
2836:2024-08-02
2758:2024-08-04
2647:2024-08-05
2626:2024-08-04
2594:2024-08-16
2569:2024-08-04
2509:2024-08-04
2464:2024-08-04
2310:3 December
2090:2023-12-12
1992:2022-12-03
1963:2022-12-03
1901:2024-08-02
1896:GatewayAPI
1871:2024-08-04
1846:2022-12-03
1792:2024-08-04
1768:2024-07-01
1713:2024-08-04
1627:2024-08-04
1571:References
1457:Limitation
1378:See also:
1246:short code
1242:televoting
838:BlackBerry
827:Short Mail
823:NTT Docomo
783:Silent SMS
769:fire alarm
714:Other uses
689:Short code
683:See also:
471:See also:
451:time (see
439:logging on
427:land lines
391:Nokia 2010
340:Sema Group
195:Sema Group
165:services;
155:televoting
6331:Americas
6320:Locations
6291:Internet2
6052:Bandwidth
5756:Vint Cerf
5653:streaming
5631:Telephone
5571:Semaphore
5462:streaming
5236:Recycling
5183:Wallpaper
5161:Ringtones
5022:Ticketing
4998:campaigns
4988:Marketing
4790:Car phone
4705:Telephony
4659:operation
4552:Tethering
4477:protocols
4385:The Hindu
4249:1002.3171
4230:1002.3175
4086:April 13,
3929:web site.
3909:web site.
3889:web site.
3598:847640648
3457:March 14,
3260:April 23,
3009:SMSglobal
2732:893453493
2714:Routledge
2621:0013-0613
2564:0013-0613
2459:1059-1028
2103:See also
1312:long code
1198:link, an
1196:Bluetooth
1119:telemetry
1092:ringtones
905:SMS is a
801:Amsterdam
795:SMS bombs
759:Flash SMS
742:landlines
699:ringtones
559:Indonesia
320:GSM 03.40
309:GSM 03.40
132:satellite
128:landlines
83:that let
69:telephone
6399:Category
6286:Internet
6276:CYCLADES
6193:Ethernet
6143:Concepts
6067:terminal
6018:wireless
5841:Bob Kahn
5684:Pioneers
5509:Internet
5400:Cable TV
5327:Category
5070:Learning
5050:Gambling
5040:Blogging
5015:donating
5005:Payments
4975:Commerce
4933:software
4930:specific
4780:3D phone
4744:Tracking
4693:Security
4676:services
4666:Features
4617:adoption
4585:Analogue
4567:XHTML-MP
4540:SIM lock
4530:dual SIM
4525:SIM card
4473:networks
4275:Archived
4263:Archived
4207:Archived
4189:June 14,
4183:Archived
4132:Archived
4106:Archived
4080:Archived
4046:Archived
4029:USPTO –
4010:Archived
3985:June 14,
3979:Archived
3953:Archived
3923:Archived
3903:Archived
3883:Archived
3831:Archived
3795:Archived
3768:Archived
3670:July 15,
3664:Archived
3631:Archived
3602:Archived
3560:Archived
3480:Archived
3448:archived
3407:Archived
3381:Archived
3355:Archived
3329:Archived
3251:Archived
3218:Archived
3192:Archived
3167:June 14,
3115:June 14,
3084:Archived
3058:Archived
2931:Archived
2901:Archived
2778:Archived
2690:Mashable
2588:NBC News
2424:Archived
2399:Archived
2378:July 27,
2372:Archived
2337:Archived
2304:Archived
2302:. 1993.
2228:Archived
2209:Archived
2171:Archived
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2147:Archived
2081:Archived
2077:etsi.org
2044:June 14,
2038:Archived
1986:Archived
1957:Archived
1935:Archived
1837:Archived
1737:Archived
1733:wiseGEEK
1596:Archived
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1472:postpaid
1369:phishing
1332:OptusSat
1200:infrared
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727:landline
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332:Vodafone
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2255:May 24,
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673:Android
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5325:
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3586:
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3803:2022
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1406:A5/2
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