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This defence programme is known by the name "model towers and redoubts, 1811 type". Their construction programme was begun in 1812 and was originally intended to run for ten years, but it was abandoned on
Napoleon's abdication in 1814. Of the 160 model works originally planned (106 on the Atlantic
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Napoleon I wished to organise France's coastal defences and so demanded the construction of a fortification combining powder magazines, food storehouses and gunners' lodgings in one building
Napoleon's idea was that the cannons in coastal batteries were very vulnerable to enemy raids and so they
54:, was a standardised defensive fortification created in 1811. Construction began along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines the following year but the project was abandoned in 1814 with only 12 towers being completed.
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could be made safer by combining these elements in a single building. As a coastal defensive chain, they can be compared to the United
Kingdom's near-contemporaneous chain of
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221:
336:
306:
288:
268:
248:
363:
84:
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Camaret-sur-Mer, Pointe du
Toulinguet, number 3 model built in 1812, along with a defensive wall of 1884, in the general inventory,
333:
310:
285:
265:
245:
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Locmaria-Plouzané, Pointe du Grand Minou, Toulbroc'h, model 3 (demolished, 1884 redoubt), in the general inventory,
368:
358:
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307:"Locmaria-Plouzané, Pointe du Grand Minou, Toulbroc'h, Tour-modèle n° 3 (Détruite) puis réduit, année "1884""
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232:
Roscanvel, Pointe de
Cornouaille, on the high point of the point, model 1, in the general inventory,
164:
148:
121:
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26:
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attempted to emulate
Napoleon and complete this defence chain in 1846 with a set of standardised
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144:
Model 3 is 9m wide and could house 18 men (or 12 men and a battery 'guardian') and 2 caronades.
21:
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coast, and 54 in the
Mediterranean), only 12 towers were completed by 1814, including six in
334:
http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29002140
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http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29001774
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http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29001317
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http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29001781
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Plougonvelin, Pointe de Créac'h Meur, model 3 (razed terrace), in the general inventory,
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340:
292:
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Fortifications littorales : les tour-modèles "1811", in the general inventory,
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Plougonvelin, Saint-Marzin, model 3 (demolished), in the general inventory,
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Model 2 is 10.5m wide and could house 30 men, 1 field gun and 2 caronades.
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Batteries, réduits, tours, forts, casemates... de
Camaret et Roscanvel
244:
Roscanvel, Pointe des
Espagnols, model 1, in the general inventory,
20:
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Model 1 is 16m wide and could house 60 men, along with four
157:
Pointe du Créac'h Meur (second level and razed parapets),
208:, Association du MĂ©morial Montbarey, Brest, 1996, 67 p.
8:
189:9m wide, it was only built on one level.
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216:
214:
7:
181:9m wide, it was built on 2 levels.
14:
67:(built between 1804 and 1812).
1:
364:1811 establishments in France
385:
343:, Retrieved 11 June 2011
323:, Retrieved 11 June 2011
295:, Retrieved 11 June 2011
275:, Retrieved 11 June 2011
255:, Retrieved 11 June 2011
235:, Retrieved 11 June 2011
223:, consulted 14 June 2011
185:5 (defensive guardhouse)
177:4 (defensive guardhouse)
81:Louis-Philippe of France
163:Pointe du Grand-Minou,
85:crenellated guardhouses
16:Defensive fortification
29:
113:Pointe de Cornouaille
24:
339:13 February 2013 at
291:13 February 2013 at
271:13 February 2013 at
251:13 February 2013 at
149:Pointe du Toulinguet
122:Pointe des Espagnols
40:), also known as an
27:Pointe des Espagnols
313:on 18 December 2012
77:roadstead of Brest
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165:Locmaria-Plouzané
124:(parapet razed),
25:Model 1 tower in
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309:. Archived from
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79:(listed below).
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369:Napoleonic Wars
359:Forts in France
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153:Camaret-sur-Mer
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140:3 (model tower)
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132:2 (model tower)
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96:1 (model tower)
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65:Martello towers
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17:
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169:Saint-Marzin,
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341:archive.today
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293:archive.today
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253:archive.today
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204:Michel Dion,
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315:. Retrieved
311:the original
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171:Plougonvelin
159:Plougonvelin
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18:
75:around the
38:tour-modèle
34:model tower
353:Categories
193:References
106:18-pounder
126:Roscanvel
117:Roscanvel
108:cannons.
73:Finistère
337:Archived
289:Archived
269:Archived
249:Archived
50:Napoleon
317:21 June
58:History
43:Empire
91:Types
52:tower
47:or a
45:tower
319:2011
104:or
102:24-
355::
213:^
151:,
115:,
87:.
32:A
321:.
36:(
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