1302:(below the opponent's bell guard, such as the thigh, or foot); or from the outside line (outside the bell guard, such as outer arm) to the inside line (inside the bell guard, such as the inner arm or the chest). A second continuation is stepping slight past the parry and angulating the blade to bring the tip of the blade back on target. A renewal may also be direct (without a change of line or any further blade action), in which case it is called a remise. In foil or sabre, a renewal is considered to have lost right of way, and the defender's immediate riposte, if it lands, will score instead of the renewal.
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hits must be with the tip and not the sides of the blade. Hits with the side of the blade do not register on the electronic scoring apparatus (and do not halt the action). As the entire body is a legal target, there is no concept of an off-target touch, except if the fencer accidentally strikes the floor, setting off the light and tone on the scoring apparatus. Unlike foil and sabre, épée does not use "right of way", simultaneous touches to both fencers, known as "double touches." However, if the score is tied in a match at the last point and a double touch is scored, the point is null and void.
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728:
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attacker must then disturb the extended weapon to re-take priority; otherwise the defender has priority and the point-in-line will win the touch if the attacker does not manage a single light. In épée, there is no priority; the move may be used as a means by either fencer to achieve a double-touch and advance the score by 1 for each fencer. In all weapons, the point-in-line position is commonly used to slow the opponent's advance and cause them to delay the execution of their attack.
784:
761:
55:
2590:
1143:Épée body cords consist of two sets of three prongs each connected by a wire. One set plugs into the fencer's weapon, with the other connecting to the reel. Foil and sabre body cords have only two prongs (or a twist-lock bayonet connector) on the weapon side, with the third wire connecting instead to the fencer's lamé. The need in foil and sabre to distinguish between on and off-target touches requires a wired connection to the valid target area.
493:
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938:) on the bib. Some modern masks have a see-through visor in the front of the mask. These have been used at high level competitions (World Championships etc.), however, they are currently banned in foil and épée by the FIE, following a 2009 incident in which a visor was pierced during the European Junior Championship competition. There are foil, sabre, and three-weapon masks.
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2290:
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421:: If the scores are tied at the end of regulation time, then for a pool bout the score is recorded as a tie. For a direct elimination bout, a 1-minute sudden-death overtime period is fenced, with the priority determined by drawing lots. The first fencer to score a valid hit wins. If no hits are scored during overtime, the fencer with priority wins.
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counterattack and retreat ahead of the advancing opponent without being scored upon, or by evading the attacking blade via moves such as the In
Quartata (turning to the side) or Passata-sotto (ducking). Counterattacks can also be executed in opposition, grazing along the opponent's blade and deflecting it to cause the attack to miss.
1272:: A basic fencing technique, also called a thrust, consisting of the initial offensive action made by extending the arm and continuously threatening the opponent's target. There are four different attacks (straight thrust, disengage attack, counter-disengage attack and cutover). In sabre, attacks are also made with a cutting action.
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In Épée, the A and B lines run up separate wires to the tip (there is no lamé). When the tip is depressed, it connects the A and B lines, resulting in a valid touch. However, if the tip is touching the opponents weapon (their C line) or the grounded strip, nothing happens when it is depressed, as the
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The épée is a thrusting weapon like the foil, but heavier, with a maximum total weight of 775 grams. In épée, the entire body is a valid target. The hand guard on the épée is a large circle that extends towards the pommel, effectively covering the hand, which is a valid target in épée. Like foil, all
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or spadone. The
Bolognese school would eventually spread outside of Italy and lay the foundation for modern fencing, eclipsing both older Italian and German traditions. This was partially due to the German schools' focus on archaic weapons such as the longsword, but also due to a general decline
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Flick: a technique used primarily in foil and épée. It takes advantage of the extreme flexibility of the blade to use it like a whip, bending the blade so that it curves over and strikes the opponent with the point; this allows the fencer to hit an obscured part of the target (e.g., the back of the
1255:
Techniques or movements in fencing can be divided into two categories: offensive and defensive. Some techniques can fall into both categories (e.g. the beat). Certain techniques are used offensively, with the purpose of landing a hit on one's opponent while holding the right of way (foil and sabre).
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A body cord consists of three wires known as the A, B, and C lines. At the reel connector (and both connectors for Épée cords) The B pin is in the middle, the A pin is 1.5 cm to one side of B, and the C pin is 2 cm to the other side of B. This asymmetrical arrangement ensures that the cord
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Traditionally, the fencer's uniform is white, and an instructor's uniform is black. This may be due to the occasional pre-electric practice of covering the point of the weapon in dye, soot, or coloured chalk in order to make it easier for the referee to determine the placing of the touches. As this
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The sabre is a light cutting and thrusting weapon that targets the entire body above the waist, including the head and both the hands. Sabre is the newest weapon to be used. Like the foil, the maximum legal weight of a sabre is 500 grams. The hand guard on the sabre extends from hilt to the point at
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The attacks and defences may be performed in countless combinations of feet and hand actions. For example, fencer A attacks the arm of fencer B, drawing a high outside parry; fencer B then follows the parry with a high line riposte. Fencer A, expecting that, then makes his own parry by pivoting his
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A lamé is a layer of electrically conductive material worn over the fencing jacket in foil and sabre fencing. The lamé covers the entire target area, and makes it easier to determine whether a hit fell within the target area. (In épée fencing the lamé is unnecessary, since the target area spans the
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The foil is a light thrusting weapon with a maximum weight of 500 grams. The foil targets the torso, but not the arms or legs. The foil has a small circular hand guard that serves to protect the hand from direct stabs. As the hand is not a valid target in foil, this is primarily for safety. Touches
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From the 16th century onward, the
Italian school of fencing would be dominated by the Bolognese or Dardi-School of fencing, named after its founder, Filippo Dardi, a Bolognese fencing master and Professor of Geometry at the University of Bologna. Unlike the previous traditions, the Bolognese school
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Fencing
Championship, a competition only open to Independent Schools, and the Scottish Secondary Schools Championships, open to all secondary schools in Scotland. It contains both teams and individual events and is highly anticipated. Schools organise matches directly against one another and school
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Starting with épée in 1933, side judges were replaced by the
Laurent-Pagan electrical scoring apparatus, with an audible tone and a red or green light indicating when a touch landed. Foil was automated in 1956, sabre in 1988. The scoring box reduced the bias in judging, and permitted more accurate
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In Sabre, similarly to Foil, the A line is connected to the lamé, but both the B and C lines are connected to the body of the weapon. Any contact between one's B/C line (either one, as they are always connected) and the opponent's A line (their lamé) results in a valid touch. There is no need for
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Point-in-line: A specific position where the arm is straight and the point is threatening the opponent's target area. In foil and sabre, this gives one priority if the extension is completed before the opponent begins the final action of their attack. When performed as a defensive action, the
1301:
Continuation/renewal of Attack: A typical épée action of making a 2nd attack after the first attack is parried. This may be done with a change in line; for example, an attack in the high line (above the opponent's bell guard, such as the shoulder) is then followed with an attack to the low line
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In recent years, attempts have been made to introduce fencing to a wider and younger audience, by using foam and plastic swords, which require much less protective equipment. This makes it much less expensive to provide classes, and thus easier to take fencing to a wider range of schools than
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Counter attack: A basic fencing technique of attacking one's opponent while generally moving back out of the way of the opponent's attack. Used quite often in épée to score against the attacker's hand/arm. More difficult to accomplish in foil and sabre unless one is quick enough to make the
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A chest protector, made of plastic, is worn by female fencers and, sometimes, by males. Fencing instructors also wear them, as they are hit far more often during training than their students. In foil fencing, the hard surface of a chest protector decreases the likelihood that a hit
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of folded fabric is sewn in around the collar to prevent an opponent's blade from slipping under the mask and along the jacket upwards towards the neck. Fencing instructors may wear a heavier jacket, such as one reinforced by plastic foam, to deflect the frequent hits an instructor
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The mechanics of modern fencing originated in the 18th century in an
Italian school of fencing of the Renaissance, and under their influence, were improved by the French school of fencing. The Spanish school of fencing stagnated and was replaced by the Italian and French schools.
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and signalled by a distinct color on the scoring apparatus) stop the action, but are not scored. Only a single touch can be awarded to either fencer at the end of a phrase. If both fencers land touches within 300 ms (± 25 ms tolerance) to register two lights on the machine, the
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which the blade connects to the pommel. This guard is generally turned outwards during sport to protect the sword arm from touches. Hits with the entire blade or point are valid. As in foil, touches that land outside the target area are not scored. However, unlike foil, these
1325:: Basic defence technique, block the opponent's weapon while it is preparing or executing an attack to deflect the blade away from the fencer's valid area and (in foil and sabre) to give fencer the right of way. Usually followed by a riposte, a return attack by the defender.
305:); each discipline uses a different kind of blade, which shares the same name, and employs its own rules. Most competitive fencers specialise in one discipline. The modern sport gained prominence near the end of the 19th century and is based on the traditional skill set of
1357:) and the various types of non-Olympic competitive fencing. Chair fencing is similar to wheelchair fencing, but for the able bodied. The opponents set up opposing chairs and fence while seated; all the usual rules of fencing are applied. An example of the latter is the
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Beat attack: In foil and sabre, the attacker beats the opponent's blade to gain priority (right of way) and continues the attack against the target area. In épée, a similar beat is made but with the intention to disturb the opponent's aim and thus score with a single
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uses the rules of "right of way" to determine which fencer is awarded the touch, or if an off-target hit has priority over a valid hit, in which case no touch is awarded. If the referee is unable to determine which fencer has right of way, no touch is awarded.
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In foil, the A line is connected to the lamé and the B line runs up a wire to the tip of the weapon. The B line is normally connected to the C line through the tip. When the tip is depressed, the circuit is broken and one of three things can happen:
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is necessary to register scoring. It attaches to the weapon and runs inside the jacket sleeve, then down the back and out to the scoring box. In sabre and foil fencing, the body cord connects to the lamé in order to create a circuit to the scoring
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Basic conventions were collated and set down during the 1880s by the French fencing master
Camille Prévost. It was during this time that many officially recognised fencing associations began to appear in different parts of the world, such as the
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A set of electric fencing equipment is required to participate in electric fencing. Electric equipment in fencing varies depending on the weapon with which it is used in accordance. The main component of a set of electric equipment is the
409:: In direct elimination bouts, the bout is for 15 hits or 9 minutes of effective fencing time, split into three 3-minute periods with a 1-minute break between each period. The timer is paused during stoppages, such as when a hit is scored.
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1365:): the format of competitions is different and the right of way rules are interpreted in a different way. In a number of countries, school and university matches deviate slightly from the FIE format. A variant of the sport using toy
1237:Épée fencers lack a lamé, conductive bib, and head cord due to their target area. Also, their body cords are constructed differently as described above. However, they possess all of the other components of a foil fencer's equipment.
415:: In team events, each match consists of a series of nine bouts. Each bout lasts until one fencer scores 5 points, or three minutes have elapsed. The match continues until one team accumulates 45 points or the time limit is reached.
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Riposte: An attack by the defender after a successful parry. After the attacker has completed their attack, and it has been parried, the defender then has the opportunity to make an attack, and (at foil and sabre) take right of
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A plastron is an underarm protector worn underneath the jacket. It provides double protection on the side of the sword arm and upper arm. There is no seam under the arm, which would line up with the jacket seam and provide a weak
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touches do not stop the action, and the fencing continues. In the case of both fencers landing a scoring touch, the referee determines which fencer receives the point for the action, again through the use of "right of way".
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shoulder or, at épée, the wrist even when it is covered by the guard). This technique has become much more difficult due to timing changes which require the point to stay depressed for longer to set off the light.
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traditionally has been the case. There is even a competition series in
Scotland – the Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague – specifically for Primary and early Secondary school-age children using this equipment.
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National fencing organisations have set up programmes to encourage more students to fence. Examples include the
Regional Youth Circuit program in the US and the Leon Paul Youth Development series in the UK.
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The FIE maintains the current rules used by major international events, including world cups, world championships and the
Olympic Games. The FIE handles proposals to change the rules at an annual congress.
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is no longer a factor in the electric era, the FIE rules have been relaxed to allow coloured uniforms (save black). The guidelines also limit the permitted size and positioning of sponsorship logos.
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are scored only with the tip; hits with the side of the blade do not register on the electronic scoring apparatus (and do not halt the action). Touches that land outside the target area (called an
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blade under fencer B's weapon (from straight out to more or less straight down), putting fencer B's tip off target and fencer A now scoring against the low line by angulating the hand upwards.
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current is redirected to the C line. Grounded strips are particularly important in Épée, as without one, a touch to the floor registers as a valid touch (rather than off-target as in Foil).
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holds fencing tournaments in the United Kingdom. Many universities in Ontario, Canada have fencing teams that participate in an annual inter-university competition called the OUA Finals.
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Gaugler, William M. (2004). "The Science of Fencing: A Comprehensive Training Manual for Master and Student: Including Lesson Plans for Foil, Sabre and Epee Instruction". Laureate Press.
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serves as the connection between a fencer and a reel of wire that is part of a system for electrically detecting that the weapon has touched the opponent. There are two types: one for
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The FIE Congress met on November 25 in Lausanne, Switzerland for their annual decisions regarding proposed rule changes as well as the additional decisions by the Executive Committee.
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Flèche: an offensive manoeuvre, in which the fencer leans forward past the point of balance, and then crosses their feet, running past the opponent after the touch is scored.
1415:
336:, but it was dropped after that year and is not a part of modern fencing. Competitive fencing was one of the first sports to be featured in the Olympics and, along with
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was founded in 1891, the Amateur Fencing Association of Great Britain in 1902, and the Fédération Nationale des Sociétés d’Escrime et Salles d’Armes de France in 1906.
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methods were still much different from current practice. Although he intended to prepare his students for real combat, he was the first fencing master to emphasise the
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are short trousers that end just below the knee. The breeches are required to have 10 cm of overlap with the jacket. Most are equipped with suspenders (braces).
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Fencing shoes have flat soles, and are reinforced on the inside for the back foot, and in the heel for the front foot. The reinforcement prevents wear from lunging.
859:, and which do not degrade the way that Kevlar does. FIE rules state that tournament wear must be made of fabric that resists a force of 800 newtons (180 lb
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934:) of penetration resistance on the bib. FIE regulations dictate that masks must withstand 25 kilograms (55 lb) on the mesh and 1,600 newtons (360 lb
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Kellett, Rachel E (2012). "Royal Armouries MS I.33: The Judicial Combat And The Art Of Fencing In Thirteenth- And Fourteenth-Century German Literature".
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competitor's entire body.) In sabre fencing, the lamé's sleeves end in a straight line across the wrist; in foil fencing, the lamé is sleeveless. A
546:. It was followed by a number of treatises, primarily from Germany and Italy, with the oldest surviving Italian treatise being Fior di Battaglia by
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The fencing mask has a bib that protects the neck. The mask should support 12 kilograms (26 lb) on the metal mesh and 350 newtons (79 lb
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Flunge: a technique used by sabreurs in which the attacker makes a flying lunge, as FIE rules state that crossing one's feet is illegal in Sabre.
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Disengage: A blade action whereby the blade is moved around the opponent's blade to threaten a different part of the target or deceive a parry.
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1991:
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557:. However, because they were written for the context of a knightly duel with a primary focus on archaic weapons such as the arming sword,
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Compound attack: An attack preceded by one or more feints which oblige the opponent to parry, allowing the attacker to deceive the parry.
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703:; foil events have been held at every Summer Olympics except 1908; épée events have been held at every Summer Olympics except in the
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was added to top level uniform pieces (jacket, breeches, underarm protector, lamé, and the bib of the mask) following the death of
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acquired the rights to a selection of matches and included it as part of its "ESPN8: The Ocho" programming block in August 2018.
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ESPN had to acquire the rights to show two of the most random events on the schedule (...) and high-level light-saber dueling.
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1288:: A thrust while extending the front leg by using a slight kicking motion and propelling the body forward with the back leg.
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The shift towards fencing as a sport rather than as military training happened from the mid-18th century, and was led by
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The tip is touching the opponent's weapon or the grounded strip: nothing, as the current is still flowing to the C line.
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An instructor or master may wear a protective sleeve or a leg leather to protect their fencing arm or leg, respectively.
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622:. His school was run by three generations of his family and dominated the art of European fencing for almost a century.
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officers and soldiers. Each bout was fought for five hits and the foils were pointed with black to aid the judges. The
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In fencing, a bout consists of a set number of hits or a certain duration, depending on the format of the competition.
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The electric equipment of sabre is very similar to that of foil. In addition, equipment used in sabre includes:
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with a gauntlet that prevents blades from going up the sleeve and causing injury. The glove also improves grip.
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later refined that system. Scoring points in a fencing competition is done by making contact with an opponent.
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Circle parry: A parry where the weapon is moved in a circle to catch the opponent's tip and deflect it away.
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and sporting benefits of fencing more than its use as a killing art, particularly in his influential book
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comic book series, which follows a fictional team of young fencers, was published by the US-based
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The UK hosts two national competitions in which schools compete against each other directly: the
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A foil/sabre body cord. Left to right: alligator clip, connection to reel, connection to weapon.
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scoring of faster actions, lighter touches, and more touches to the back and flank than before.
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Final of the Challenge Réseau Ferré de France–Trophée Monal 2012, épée world cup tournament in
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grounded strips in Sabre, as hitting something other than the opponent's lame does nothing.
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877:) that passes between the legs. In sabre fencing, jackets are cut along the waist. A small
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One of the most notable films related to fencing is the 2015 Finnish-Estonian-German film
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In a professional fencing competition, a complete set of electric equipment is needed.
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633:'s instruction book. Angelo was instrumental in turning fencing into an athletic sport.
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Fencing is governed by the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE), headquartered in
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1992:"Bold strategy, Cotton: Inside ESPN's crazy plans to turn 'The Ocho' into a business"
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1282:: A false attack with the purpose of provoking a reaction from the opposing fencer.
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Others are used defensively, to protect against a hit or obtain the right of way.
2105:(1936). The Art of the Sabre and the Epee. 1936. reprint 2019. ISBN 9783964010056
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577:, or dual-wielded with another sidesword, though some Bolognese masters, such as
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565:, these older treatises do not really stand in continuity with modern fencing.
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The Inner Game of Fencing: Excellence in Form, Technique, Strategy, and Spirit
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Fencing socks are long enough to cover the knee; some cover most of the thigh.
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that features sword fighting. The three disciplines of modern fencing are the
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Vass, Imre (2011). "Epee Fencing: A Complete System". SKA SwordPlay Books.
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The tip is not touching either of the above: Off-target hit (white light).
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age pupils can compete individually in the British Youth Championships.
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Each of the three weapons in fencing has its own rules and strategies.
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as the sole representative of Olympic-style fencing in that country.
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The first regularised fencing competition was held at the inaugural
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being either used alone or in combination with a buckler, a cape, a
512:. Described as "high-speed chess", each bout begins and ends with a
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in June. The Tournament featured a series of competitions between
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that still govern modern sport fencing, although his attacking and
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An electric mask cord, connecting the conductive bib and the lamé.
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Fencing traces its roots to the development of swordsmanship for
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1496:"Fencing | History, Organizations, & Equipment | Britannica"
1204:, which runs under the fencer's jacket on his/her dominant side.
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This article is about the sport. For the computing process, see
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2044:["The Fencer". Two stories, life and truth in film].
2201:
1793:
The Parish of St. Anne, Soho (north of Shaftesbury Avenue)
1690:"Fencing: A guide to the Olympics' most gentlemanly sport"
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in present-day Germany, which discusses the usage of the
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are stressed at every level of training and competition.
1799:, London: University of London, 1966, pp. 143–48,
863:), and that the mask bib must resist twice that amount.
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drew up an official set of fencing regulations in 1896.
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The oldest surviving treatise on western fencing is the
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United States Fencing Association Rules for Competition
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Two handed fencing refers to a type of fencing where a
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United States Fencing Association (September 2010).
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A complete set of foil electric equipment includes:
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1778:. Library.thinkquest.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
3771:(suspended by the European Fencing Confederation)
1656:Home :: Public Schools Fencing Championships
1061:Some pistol grips used by foil and épée fencers
332:featured a fourth discipline of fencing known as
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2198:from MIT OpenCourseWare as taught in Spring 2007
2021:"Two-Handed Fencing | Justin Hebert, SFF Author"
1962:"U.S. Paralympics | Sports | Wheelchair Fencing"
581:, would still cover the usage of the two-handed
1822:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 20–23.
1811:
1809:
1564:"2022 FIE Congress Decisions and Rule Changes"
1213:A conductive bib (often attached to the mask).
531:, also known as the Tower manuscript, written
352:, has been featured in every modern Olympics.
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873:The jacket is form-fitting, and has a strap (
695:Fencing was part of the Olympic Games in the
674:Grand Military Tournament and Assault at Arms
8:
1349:for those with disabilities, chair fencing,
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2112:". Official document. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
2042:""Vehkleja". Kaks lugu, elu ja tõde filmis"
1147:cannot be plugged in the wrong way around.
690:Amateur Gymnastic & Fencing Association
196:Part of Summer Olympic programme since 1896
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84:Between the 17th and 19th centuries Europe
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1353:(one of the five events which constitute
233:Épée fencing, foil fencing, sabre fencing
1402:, which is loosely based on the life of
488:History of physical training and fitness
1759:. Fencing.net. Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
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699:. Sabre events have been held at every
34:. For the act of building a fence, see
2196:Links to videos of basic fencing moves
1635:US Fencing Youth Development Website,
1406:, an accomplished Estonian fencer and
840:. However, Kevlar is degraded by both
637:He established the essential rules of
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1873:Modern Fencing: Foil, Epee, and Sabre
1525:FIE: International Fencing Federation
7:
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1912:FIE International Fencing Federation
1859:"The development of fencing weapons"
1604:FIE International Fencing Federation
2254:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
2108:British Fencing (September 2008). "
2088:Amberger, Johann Christoph (1999).
1990:Steinberg, Brian (August 8, 2018).
1210:A conductive lamé or electric vest.
1163:The tip is touching the opponent's
866:The complete fencing kit includes:
836:at the 1982 World Championships in
367:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
1669:Plastic-and-Foam Fencing FunLeague
25:
1941:United States Fencing Association
1885:Freudenrich, Craig (2000-09-21).
1410:. The film was nominated for the
1363:United States Fencing Association
895:The sword hand is protected by a
851:Other ballistic fabrics, such as
848:, which can complicate cleaning.
667:Amateur Fencers League of America
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3000:International Fencing Federation
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1950:from the original on 2017-01-31.
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2110:FIE Competition Rules (English)
2090:The Secret History of the Sword
1369:earned national attention when
968:Elements of protective clothing
315:historical European martial art
2305:Fencing at the Summer Olympics
2117:The Art and Science of Fencing
1729:10.1179/0078719112Z.0000000003
1233:A conductive glove or overlay.
614:in 1763. There, he taught the
1:
2040:Reiljan, Kaire (2024-07-29).
2019:Hebert, Justin (2014-09-09).
1887:"How Fencing Equipment Works"
1819:The Encyclopedia of the Sword
1230:A completely conductive mask.
820:for fencing is made of tough
818:personal protective equipment
569:would primarily focus on the
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452:National Championships). The
707:because of unknown reasons.
2310:World Fencing Championships
1189:A foil lamé conductive vest
1167:(their A line): Valid touch
855:, have been developed that
586:in fencing within Germany.
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2134:. Chicago: Masters Press.
2130:Evangelista, Nick (2000).
2115:Evangelista, Nick (1996).
1875:. Scribner's, 1975, p. 83.
1416:Best Foreign Language Film
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2092:. Burbank: Multi-Media.
1626:Retrieved on 2012-05-16.
1412:73rd Golden Globe Awards
629:1763 fencing print from
594:Development into a sport
529:Royal Armouries Ms. I.33
426:Universities and schools
259:Present since inaugural
2162:. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
1359:American Fencing League
1345:Other variants include
678:Royal Agricultural Hall
618:the fashionable art of
2192:from rec.sport.fencing
1637:Regional Youth Circuit
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442:World University Games
183:Country or region
40:Fence (disambiguation)
38:. For other uses, see
3912:Summer Olympic sports
2954:Winter Olympic sports
2882:Greco-Roman wrestling
2594:Summer Olympic sports
2324:Modern fencing topics
1932:Bhutta, Omar (2016).
1797:London County Council
1787:F.H.W. Sheppard, ed.
1717:Oxford German Studies
1696:. Gentleman's Journal
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676:in 1880, held at the
659:The School of Fencing
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448:championship and the
365:Further information:
105:Singles or team relay
2893:Discretionary sports
1769:A History of Fencing
1570:. 17 December 2022.
1057:Grip (sport fencing)
3879:World Championships
2877:Freestyle wrestling
2773:Rhythmic gymnastics
2768:Artistic gymnastics
2509:Martial arts manual
2341:High school fencing
2249:Glossary of fencing
1934:"USA Fencing Rules"
1846:. 28 February 2024.
1694:Gentleman's Journal
1457:Glossary of fencing
1449:Martial arts portal
1361:(distinct from the
1251:Glossary of fencing
812:Protective clothing
787:Valid sabre targets
500:, Netherlands, 1610
436:High School Fencing
356:Competitive fencing
217:
172:Glossary of fencing
70:governing body
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32:Fencing (computing)
2346:Wheelchair fencing
2336:Collegiate fencing
2244:History of fencing
1774:2012-09-06 at the
1755:2011-09-29 at the
1674:2020-10-03 at the
1642:2007-07-12 at the
1500:www.britannica.com
1462:Outline of fencing
1388:In popular culture
1347:wheelchair fencing
1227:An electric sabre.
1207:An electric blade.
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764:Valid épée targets
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482:History of fencing
432:Collegiate Fencing
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2950:Paralympic sports
2795:Modern pentathlon
2623:Marathon Swimming
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2484:Modern pentathlon
2315:Fencing World Cup
2298:Main competitions
2103:Barbasetti, Luigi
1688:Wells, Jonathan.
1597:"Technical rules"
1355:modern pentathlon
842:ultraviolet light
655:L'École des armes
498:Leiden University
377:Olympic Committee
319:classical fencing
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768:Main article:
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737:Foil (fencing)
735:Main article:
724:
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705:summer of 1896
697:summer of 1896
604:Carlisle House
595:
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579:Achille Marozo
480:Main article:
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465:Public Schools
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311:Italian school
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18:Modern fencing
14:
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2919:Flag football
2917:
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2867:Weightlifting
2865:
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2820:Skateboarding
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2714:Track cycling
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2700:
2699:Freestyle BMX
2697:
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2499:Swordsmanship
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2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:Fencing – FAQ
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2140:1-57028-230-7
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:1-57028-075-4
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:1-892515-04-0
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2072:Golden Globes
2068:
2062:
2059:
2048:(in Estonian)
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2008:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1963:
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1429:Boom! Studios
1426:
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1076:
1073:Visconti grip
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1006:
1003:Sous-Plastron
999:
994:
987:
982:
975:
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670:
668:
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660:
656:
652:
648:
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640:
632:
627:
623:
621:
620:swordsmanship
617:
613:
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601:
593:
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587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
566:
564:
560:
549:
545:
541:
530:
525:
523:
519:
518:sportsmanship
515:
511:
507:
499:
494:
489:
483:
475:
473:
469:
466:
461:
457:
455:
451:
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443:
437:
433:
425:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
404:
403:
397:
395:
390:
389:Fencing rules
382:
380:
378:
374:
368:
360:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
323:French school
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:swordsmanship
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
275:
269:
265:
262:
261:1896 Olympics
258:
256:Olympic sport
254:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
232:
230:Also known as
228:
224:
219:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:Yes, separate
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
71:
66:
62:
56:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3596:Europe (EFC)
3008:Africa (CAE)
2946:
2835:Table tennis
2805:Rugby sevens
2778:Trampolining
2748:Field hockey
2742:
2736:Show jumping
2709:Road cycling
2682:Canoe sprint
2677:Canoe slalom
2504:Dueling scar
2418:Displacement
2413:Prise de fer
2232:
2184:FIE statutes
2157:
2131:
2116:
2089:
2070:
2067:"The Fencer"
2061:
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2014:
2006:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:
1985:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:the original
1965:
1956:
1940:
1927:
1916:. Retrieved
1914:. p. 82
1911:
1899:
1890:
1880:
1872:
1867:
1852:
1838:
1818:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1764:
1745:
1723:(1): 32–56.
1720:
1716:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1693:
1683:
1663:
1651:
1631:
1619:
1608:. Retrieved
1603:
1591:
1583:
1576:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1502:. 2024-01-19
1499:
1490:
1422:
1420:
1393:
1391:
1375:
1351:one-hit épée
1350:
1344:
1258:
1254:
1236:
1219:
1200:An electric
1195:
1192:
1180:
1176:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1125:
1118:
1097:Russian grip
1085:Belgian grip
1060:
1045:
874:
865:
850:
815:
799:
796:
773:
743:
740:
718:
709:
694:
671:
663:
658:
654:
636:
597:
588:
567:
540:arming sword
526:
510:self-defence
503:
470:
462:
458:
439:
419:Sudden death
418:
413:Team matches
412:
406:
401:
392:
370:
327:
313:altered the
302:
287:combat sport
282:
281:
251:Semi-contact
102:Team members
97:Semi-contact
81:First played
44:
2489:Knife fight
2432:Equipment (
1568:fencing.net
1546:"About FIE"
1521:"About FIE"
1404:Endel Nelis
1367:lightsabers
616:aristocracy
555: 1400
536: 1300
334:singlestick
3901:Categories
3373:Asia (FCA)
2855:Volleyball
2763:Gymnastics
2721:Equestrian
2694:BMX racing
2655:Basketball
2633:Water polo
2494:Half-sword
2171:0978902270
2151:1884528309
2083:References
2052:2016-01-09
2026:2024-03-07
1976:2017-09-21
1918:2024-07-29
1791:volume 33
1610:2024-07-29
1506:2024-02-02
1418:category.
1400:Klaus Härö
1395:The Fencer
1245:See also:
1241:Techniques
945:registers.
800:off-target
583:greatsword
550:, written
486:See also:
430:See also:
350:gymnastics
321:, and the
297:, and the
202:Paralympic
2947:See also:
2872:Wrestling
2850:Triathlon
2840:Taekwondo
2650:Badminton
2645:Athletics
2443:Body cord
2360:Bladework
2046:Lääne Elu
2001:August 8,
1844:"Fencing"
1737:161823139
1700:25 August
1317:Defensive
1264:Offensive
1202:body cord
1126:body cord
1122:body cord
1015:Breeches/
954:body cord
875:croissard
807:Equipment
682:Islington
571:sidesword
559:longsword
338:athletics
328:The 1904
186:Worldwide
144:body cord
128:Equipment
111:Mixed-sex
3884:Olympics
2929:Lacrosse
2909:Softball
2905:Baseball
2900:Breaking
2815:Shooting
2785:Handball
2753:Football
2731:Eventing
2726:Dressage
2672:Canoeing
2628:Swimming
2613:Artistic
2608:Aquatics
2527:Category
2434:glossary
2423:Priority
2356:Footwork
1966:Team USA
1945:Archived
1772:Archived
1753:Archived
1678:website.
1672:Archived
1640:Archived
1578:1 August
1572:Archived
1530:4 August
1435:See also
1017:Knickers
910:knickers
906:Breeches
902:Breeches
885:Plastron
882:endures.
846:chlorine
647:parrying
643:footwork
373:Lausanne
346:swimming
248:Hardness
242:Weaponry
178:Presence
168:Glossary
68:Highest
3907:Fencing
2998:of the
2914:Cricket
2830:Surfing
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2743:Fencing
2689:Cycling
2640:Archery
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2263:Weapons
2233:Fencing
1996:Variety
1550:fie.org
1414:in the
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639:posture
563:poleaxe
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516:. Good
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2934:Squash
2924:Karate
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2800:Rowing
2667:Boxing
2618:Diving
2403:Flèche
2388:Remise
2383:Attack
2169:
2149:
2138:
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2096:
1826:
1735:
1624:USACFC
1382:dagger
1292:light.
1270:Attack
1124:. The
979:Jacket
960:Sleeve
879:gorget
870:Jacket
830:Kevlar
822:cotton
651:health
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514:salute
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301:(also
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2458:Forte
2448:Piste
2408:Flick
2378:Feint
2373:Lunge
2368:Parry
2280:Sabre
2186:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1908:(PDF)
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1600:(PDF)
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1371:ESPN2
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915:Socks
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826:nylon
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299:sabre
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2167:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2121:ISBN
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3551:SYR
3546:SRI
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3521:PLE
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3283:ECU
3278:DOM
3273:DMA
3268:CUB
3263:CRC
3258:COL
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3243:BRA
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3233:BER
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3141:RWA
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3021:ANG
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2660:3x3
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