293:
340:. They are not as rugged as the Snowdon massif or the Glyderau but are impressive nevertheless. Much of the higher ground is covered with rough grass and heather, with patches of shattered rocks. Pen-yr-Ole-Wen lies on the western edge of the range and dominates the Nant Ffrancon pass. To the northeast along the main Carneddau ridge is Carnedd Dafydd, then Carnedd Llewellyn and beyond are other lower summits. To the north and west of the ridge are mostly grassy slopes, while to the east there are some high cliffs, deep valleys and small lakes. The Carneddau range is home to the only population of wild horses in the United Kingdom.
400:
251:, the land was controlled once again by Welsh princes who schemed and formed alliances among themselves. The clearance of the native forests continued and at one time goats were the main form of livestock. Their feral descendants are still found in the area today on the Glyderau. They were later followed by cattle and it was not till the 18th century desire for wool that sheep became numerous. By the thirteenth century, English ambitions were increasing under
324:. Another legend has it that the two small lakes nestling below the towering cliffs to the east of Carnedd Llywelyn were haunted and that deformed fish with heads but no bodies lurked in their depths. A more recent legend records that the two great boulders known as the "Meini Gwynedd" near the summit of Carnedd Llywelyn were lifted there bodily in 1542 from the banks of one of these lakes.
615:
644:
31:
629:
410:
The plants growing on the
Carneddau need to be extremely hardy to withstand the snow, frosts, and gales they will encounter during the year and those found by sheltered streams in the valleys are very different from those clinging to crevices on windswept rocks. Sheep graze the mountains and impact
194:
moving together and colliding over a protracted period. Over time, these mountains have been eroded by the weather and scoured by advancing and retreating ice sheets. The
Carneddau were formed in this way and consist of volcanic and sedimentary rock. The last ice sheet retreated about 10,000 years
299:
292:
390:
In
September 2009 the peak referred to as Carnedd Uchaf was renamed Carnedd Gwenllian following a campaign by the Gwenllian Society to honour Princess Gwenllian, the daughter of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.
605:
Wild ponies roam the
Carneddau, and a study of their DNA in 2012 revealed that they have been isolated as a breed for at least several hundred years. Numbers were severely reduced by the heavy snows of spring 2013.
224:
231:
ranges). The remains of circular stone huts dating back to this time have been found and the cairns on the mountain summits contain cremated human remains, presumably from prominent people of this time.
195:
ago. It left behind a landscape of smooth summits above erratic boulders and scree at the foot of cliffs on the eastern side of the mountains, and moraines that created shallow lakes in the cwms.
239:
huts and three cairns were built on the top of Moel Faban. This settlement endured for a thousand years, lasting until after the Romans arrived. There are other huts elsewhere and traces of
1751:
114:
to the south and west. The area covers nearly 200 square kilometres (80 sq mi), about 10% of the area of
Snowdonia. The area is bordered by three main roads—the
256:
247:
situated at strategic upland sites. The Romans subdued the area and built a road, Bwlch y
Ddeufaen across the northern slopes of the Carneddau. After they left in
262:
The two highest mountains in the range are named
Carnedd Llewellyn and Carnedd Dafydd after the thirteenth-century Prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth or
1761:
78:(although larger areas over 2,000 feet (610 m) are found in Northern England), as well as six or seven of the highest peaks in the country—the
1756:
274:, at a place called Nanhysglain, that Prince Dafydd ap Gruffudd and his family were captured in June 1283. In October, Dafydd was executed at
211:
farmers started clearing the native forests of oak and birch that covered all but the uppermost ridges and summits. They were followed by
1562:
1300:
1280:
1261:
1242:
1223:
1204:
1185:
1166:
1147:
1127:
1107:
1087:
1068:
1048:
1028:
1008:
988:
968:
947:
927:
907:
887:
867:
847:
827:
807:
787:
767:
747:
727:
707:
687:
135:
1381:
74:, Wales. They include the largest contiguous areas of high ground (over 2,500 feet (760 m) or 3,000 feet (910 m) high) in
399:
671:
1432:
1468:
979:
34:
The snow-covered
Carneddau with Yr Elen in the centre, Carnedd Llywelyn behind and Carnedd Dafydd to the right
1736:
1706:
1555:
167:
119:
103:
178:
of the Cwm Eigiau
Formation. Within the Nant Ffrancon sequence are a variety of igneous intrusions and the
1176:
468:
460:
522:
would have roamed the
Carneddau. They have long gone, and, besides the ubiquitous sheep, there are now
1741:
1731:
1716:
698:
252:
1726:
1548:
1442:
579:
492:
444:
436:
267:
263:
187:
1497:
411:
the composition of the sward, nibbling out the most succulent young growth. Where the sheep are
1540:
328:
is said to have ordered the investigation of this claim and later proclaimed that it was true.
1679:
1620:
1428:
1377:
958:
718:
575:
567:
377:
337:
111:
75:
1746:
1711:
1663:
1317:
678:
636:
591:
583:
559:
539:
359:
236:
220:
1454:
1059:
878:
183:
1721:
1658:
1653:
1579:
1252:
778:
758:
618:
551:
547:
543:
353:
347:
283:
216:
159:
57:
1498:"BBC News - Carneddau ponies a 'unique' breed, say Aberystwyth University researchers"
1700:
1592:
1290:
1118:
622:
555:
527:
336:
The Carneddau are the largest continuous stretch of mountain land over 2,500 feet in
191:
1397:
1039:
918:
587:
563:
488:
476:
464:
420:
416:
240:
107:
182:
and tuffs of the Foel Fras Volcanic Complex. The complex geology results from the
1476:
1422:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1571:
1337:
1271:
1214:
1019:
535:
456:
428:
317:
99:
87:
83:
79:
1673:
1157:
1078:
798:
647:
571:
371:
325:
275:
212:
139:
91:
1685:
1597:
1195:
1138:
1098:
999:
898:
838:
738:
663:
614:
383:
321:
271:
244:
208:
204:
171:
151:
123:
95:
71:
17:
1607:
1523:
1233:
858:
599:
480:
432:
424:
313:
228:
147:
115:
67:
1668:
1587:
818:
643:
632:
523:
484:
365:
279:
175:
30:
1635:
938:
508:
496:
472:
404:
155:
628:
642:
627:
613:
595:
531:
500:
452:
448:
440:
412:
398:
47:
29:
302:
Carneddau mountain range panorama, seen from the top of Moel-y-Ci
519:
515:
504:
179:
163:
138:, the rocks forming the Carneddau originated largely during the
1544:
248:
143:
235:
On the north western slopes of Drosgl there are clusters of
1524:"BBC News - Bad weather kills half of Welsh wild pony herd"
278:
by Edward I and this ended the seven-hundred-year rule of
270:(1238-1283). It was in a bog in the northern foothills of
190:
involving continental landmasses on either side of the
219:
across the uplands. There are more than one thousand
82:. The range also encloses a number of lakes such as
1644:
1606:
1578:
146:(million years ago). Principal among these are the
312:Llyn Ogwen was reputed to be the place from which
162:age (459-449 Ma) Nant Ffrancon Subgroup and the
223:on the Carneddau estate (the land owned by the
1556:
602:are found passing through the upper slopes.
435:can be found at lower elevations, along with
8:
1572:Welsh mountains over 3000 feet (Welsh 3000s)
343:The peaks in the central Carnedd ridge are:
215:people who cleared more forests and erected
60:plural form, and is sometimes anglicised to
1752:Mountains and hills of Conwy County Borough
1421:Pryce, Huw; Insley, Charles (eds.) (2005).
51:
40:
1563:
1549:
1541:
656:
459:and in damp crevices under rocks the rare
495:and the summit ridge has prostrate dwarf
170:. These are overlain by the sandstones,
1329:
479:. The better-drained rocky slopes have
286:and the end of independence for Wales.
1450:
1440:
598:inhabits the Nant Ffrancon Valley and
266:(1172-1240), and his grandson Prince
227:, which covers the Carneddau and the
7:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
257:English castles encircled Snowdonia
1424:The Acts of Welsh Rulers 1120-1283
94:waterfall. It is delimited by the
25:
582:are all at home here, as are the
203:This area was first colonised in
1762:Mountains and hills of Snowdonia
594:nest beside the lakes, the rare
291:
1680:Garnedd Uchaf/Carnedd Gwenllian
455:. Higher up on scree there are
1757:Mountains and hills of Gwynedd
1522:Bomford, Andrew (2013-04-18).
546:. Birds breeding here include
542:, and an increasing number of
514:Until five hundred years ago,
255:in this part of Wales and the
1:
1427:. University of Wales Press.
403:Wild ponies on the flanks of
362:(1,064 metres, 3,491 ft)
356:(1,044 metres, 3,425 ft)
282:by the family descended from
1340:. British Geological Survey
1295:
1275:
1256:
1237:
1218:
1199:
1180:
1161:
1142:
1122:
1102:
1082:
1063:
1043:
1023:
1003:
983:
980:Creigiau Gleision North Top
963:
942:
922:
902:
882:
862:
842:
822:
802:
782:
762:
742:
722:
702:
682:
386:(942 metres, 3,091 ft)
380:(926 metres, 3,038 ft)
374:(976 metres, 3,202 ft)
368:(962 metres, 3,156 ft)
350:(978 metres, 3,209 ft)
142:period between 485 and 444
1778:
1374:The Carneddau and Glyderau
1372:Firbank, Johanna (1999).
753:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
733:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
713:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
693:Nuttall, Hewitt, Marilyn
41:
253:King Edward I of England
186:taking place during the
184:plate tectonic processes
166:etc. of the Caradoc age
102:to the east, and by the
168:Llewelyn Volcanic Group
27:Mountain group in Wales
1376:. The National Trust.
654:
640:
625:
463:. Boggy areas support
407:
52:
35:
1402:The Megalithic Portal
650:, at the foot of the
646:
631:
617:
402:
122:to the south and the
33:
699:Pen Llithrig y Wrach
538:(probably extinct),
118:(to the north), the
1588:Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa)
461:Wilson's filmy fern
1453:has generic name (
1398:"Moel Faban Cairn"
1338:"GeoIndex Onshore"
655:
641:
626:
493:cross-leaved heath
408:
268:Dafydd ap Gruffudd
264:Llywelyn the Great
188:Caledonian orogeny
98:to the north, the
36:
1694:
1693:
1309:
1308:
1293:/ Conwy Mountain
959:Carnedd Gwenllian
719:Creigiau Gleision
592:Common sandpipers
378:Carnedd Gwenllian
221:ancient monuments
136:much of Snowdonia
76:Wales and England
66:) are a group of
16:(Redirected from
1769:
1664:Carnedd Llewelyn
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1475:. Archived from
1465:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1369:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1334:
1318:Carneddau ponies
1303:
1283:
1264:
1245:
1226:
1207:
1188:
1169:
1150:
1130:
1110:
1090:
1071:
1051:
1031:
1011:
994:Nuttall, Hewitt
991:
974:Nuttall, Hewitt
971:
961:(Carnedd Uchaf)
953:Nuttall, Hewitt
950:
933:Nuttall, Hewitt
930:
913:Nuttall, Hewitt
910:
893:Nuttall, Hewitt
890:
873:Nuttall, Hewitt
870:
853:Nuttall, Hewitt
850:
833:Nuttall, Hewitt
830:
813:Nuttall, Hewitt
810:
793:Nuttall, Hewitt
790:
773:Nuttall, Hewitt
770:
750:
730:
710:
690:
679:Carnedd Llewelyn
657:
637:Carnedd Llewelyn
360:Carnedd Llewelyn
295:
158:(478-470 Ma) to
55:
44:
43:
21:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1640:
1602:
1574:
1569:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1504:. 25 April 2013
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1435:
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1415:
1406:
1404:
1396:
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1391:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1353:
1343:
1341:
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1314:
1299:
1279:
1260:
1241:
1222:
1203:
1184:
1165:
1146:
1126:
1106:
1086:
1067:
1060:Carnedd y Ddelw
1047:
1027:
1007:
987:
967:
946:
926:
906:
886:
879:Pen yr Helgi Du
866:
846:
826:
806:
786:
766:
746:
726:
706:
686:
668:Grid reference
612:
610:List of summits
397:
395:Flora and fauna
334:
316:failed to draw
310:
305:
304:
303:
301:
296:
217:standing stones
201:
134:In common with
132:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Llanfairfechan
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Abergwyngregyn
1699:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Carnedd Dafydd
1656:
1654:Pen yr Ole Wen
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1580:Snowdon Massif
1576:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1514:
1489:
1473:The Snowdonian
1460:
1433:
1413:
1389:
1382:
1351:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
985:
982:
976:
975:
972:
965:
962:
955:
954:
951:
944:
941:
935:
934:
931:
924:
921:
915:
914:
911:
904:
901:
895:
894:
891:
884:
881:
875:
874:
871:
864:
861:
855:
854:
851:
844:
841:
835:
834:
831:
824:
821:
815:
814:
811:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
784:
781:
779:Pen yr Ole Wen
775:
774:
771:
764:
761:
759:Carnedd Dafydd
755:
754:
751:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
724:
721:
715:
714:
711:
704:
701:
695:
694:
691:
684:
681:
675:
674:
669:
666:
661:
619:Pen yr Ole Wen
611:
608:
548:common buzzard
396:
393:
388:
387:
381:
375:
369:
363:
357:
354:Carnedd Dafydd
351:
348:Pen yr Ole Wen
333:
330:
309:
306:
298:
297:
290:
289:
288:
284:Cunedda Wledig
225:National Trust
200:
197:
131:
128:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1774:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
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1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1593:Garnedd Ugain
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1479:on 2013-06-15
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1451:|first2=
1444:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1414:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1383:0-7078-0300-4
1379:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1291:Mynydd y Dref
1289:
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1228:
1225:
1221:
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1213:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
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1119:Pen y Castell
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990:
986:
981:
978:
977:
973:
970:
966:
960:
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956:
952:
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945:
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880:
877:
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869:
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856:
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849:
845:
840:
837:
836:
832:
829:
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820:
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816:
812:
809:
805:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
785:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
765:
760:
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756:
752:
749:
745:
740:
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732:
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700:
697:
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692:
689:
685:
680:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
665:
662:
659:
658:
653:
649:
645:
638:
634:
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1678:
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1528:. Retrieved
1517:
1506:. Retrieved
1501:
1492:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1472:
1463:
1423:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1373:
1342:. Retrieved
1332:
1040:Craig Eigiau
651:
604:
588:meadow pipit
536:pine martens
513:
489:bell heather
477:bog asphodel
469:marsh orchid
465:cotton grass
409:
389:
342:
335:
314:Sir Bedivere
311:
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207:times, when
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174:, tuffs and
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108:Betws-y-Coed
100:Conwy valley
62:
61:
39:
37:
1742:Penmaenmawr
1732:Llanllechid
1717:Capel Curig
1631:Glyder Fach
1626:Glyder Fawr
1616:Elidir Fawr
1526:. Bbc.co.uk
1469:"Carneddau"
1272:Penmaenbach
1020:Foel Meirch
570:. The rare
429:red campion
338:the country
318:King Arthur
88:Llyn Eigiau
84:Llyn Cowlyd
46:(lit. 'the
1701:Categories
1674:Foel Grach
1530:2013-04-27
1508:2013-04-27
1483:2013-02-26
1434:0708318975
1407:2013-02-27
1324:References
1177:Moel Eilio
1158:Moel Wnion
1079:Gyrn Wigau
799:Foel Grach
648:Aber Falls
572:ring ouzel
421:wood avens
372:Foel Grach
326:Henry VIII
276:Shrewsbury
245:hill forts
213:Bronze Age
172:siltstones
152:sandstones
140:Ordovician
92:Aber Falls
90:, and the
18:Moel Wnion
1727:Dolgarrog
1686:Foel-fras
1646:Carneddau
1598:Crib Goch
1443:cite book
1196:Craig Wen
1139:Foel Lwyd
1099:Craiglwyn
1000:Bera Bach
899:Bera Mawr
839:Foel-fras
739:Tal y Fan
664:Elevation
652:Carneddau
600:dotterels
580:stonechat
560:peregrine
524:red foxes
384:Foel-fras
332:Geography
322:Excalibur
320:'s sword
272:Bera Mawr
209:Stone Age
205:Neolithic
148:mudstones
96:Irish Sea
72:Snowdonia
68:mountains
53:Carneddau
42:Carneddau
1608:Glyderau
1502:BBC News
1344:25 April
1312:See also
1301:SH759778
1281:SH748780
1262:SH745772
1243:SH776624
1234:Grinllwm
1224:SH732761
1215:Foel Lûs
1205:SH729602
1186:SH747659
1167:SH649697
1148:SH720723
1133:Nuttall
1128:SH721688
1113:Nuttall
1108:SH730608
1093:Nuttall
1088:SH730608
1069:SH707705
1054:Nuttall
1049:SH713654
1034:Nuttall
1029:SH656637
1014:Nuttall
1009:SH672677
989:SH730608
969:SH687669
948:SH664679
928:SH708695
908:SH674682
888:SH698630
868:SH689692
859:Llwytmor
848:SH696681
828:SH673650
808:SH688658
788:SH655619
768:SH663630
748:SH729726
728:SH729615
708:SH716623
688:SH683644
586:and the
578:and the
576:wheatear
540:polecats
534:, a few
481:bilberry
445:hawthorn
433:roseroot
425:angelica
237:Iron Age
229:Glyderau
176:tuffites
112:Bethesda
63:Carnedds
1747:Trefriw
1712:Caerhun
1669:Yr Elen
1253:Alltwen
819:Yr Elen
635:, with
633:Yr Elen
584:skylark
552:kestrel
509:lichens
497:willows
366:Yr Elen
280:Gwynedd
199:History
160:Caradoc
154:of the
130:Geology
104:A5 road
1636:Tryfan
1621:Y Garn
1431:
1380:
939:Drosgl
672:Status
639:behind
574:, the
568:chough
556:merlin
544:otters
516:wolves
505:mosses
501:sedges
473:sundew
413:fenced
405:Drosgl
308:Legend
156:Arenig
48:cairns
1722:Conwy
660:Peak
596:twite
564:raven
528:moles
453:rowan
449:holly
441:alder
180:lavas
164:tuffs
106:from
58:Welsh
56:is a
1455:help
1429:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1346:2022
919:Drum
763:1044
683:1064
566:and
558:and
532:mice
520:deer
518:and
507:and
491:and
485:ling
475:and
451:and
431:and
415:out
150:and
124:A470
86:and
38:The
1296:244
1276:245
1257:255
1238:287
1219:362
1200:543
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1162:580
1143:603
1123:623
1103:623
1083:643
1064:688
1044:735
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943:758
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843:942
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783:978
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116:A55
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