29:
288:, he took up Caesar's project and aimed to advance the empire's south-eastern European border from Macedonia to the line of the Danube. The main objective was to increase strategic depth between the border and Italy and also to provide a major river supply route between the Roman armies in the region. The lower Danube was given priority over the upper Danube and required the annexation of Moesia. It was therefore necessary to conquer the tribes who dwelt south of the Danube namely (from west to east) the
1507:
465:
617:
539:
322:
was appointed for the task. He was an experienced general at 33 years of age, and proconsul of
Macedonia from 29 BC. After a successful campaign against the Moesi, he drove the Bastarnae back toward the Danube and finally defeated them in pitched battle, killing their King Deldo in single combat.
251:(Dacian) king who established his rule over a large part of the northern Balkans between 82 BC and 44 BC. He led raids for plunder and conquest across Central and Southeastern Europe, subjugating most of the neighbouring tribes. After his assassination in a
345:(sometime between 1-11 AD). Lentulus pushed them back across the Danube and placed numerous garrisons on the right bank of the river to defend against possible and future incursions. These became the
1549:
28:
579:
During administrative reforms of
Emperor Diocletian (284–305), both of the Moesian provinces were reorganised. Moesia Superior was divided in two, northern part forming the province of
921:
Georgescu, Vlad (1991). Călinescu, Matei (ed.). The
Romanians: a history. Romanian literature and thought in translation series. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
1092:
Bennett, Matthew (2004). "Goths". In Holmes, Richard; Singleton, Charles; Jones, Spencer (eds.). The Oxford
Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press. p. 367.
1542:
1246:
1506:
337:
As a result of the
Dacians constant looting that occurred whenever the Danube froze, Augustus decided to send against them some of his proven generals such as
2685:
1535:
907:
366:
749:
558:(270–275) and the transfer of the Roman citizens from the former province to the south of the Danube, the central portion of Moesia took the name of
2745:
2690:
2675:
764:
759:
2695:
2680:
311:
2700:
1005:
926:
862:
259:
273:
The expansion of the
Dacians on the middle and lower reaches of the Danube worried the Romans and destruction of Dacian power became one of
1239:
2720:
2710:
2730:
2715:
2055:
1130:
1097:
2204:
1186:
1169:
1155:
847:
754:
2735:
1214:
2629:
1880:
1232:
829:
342:
1948:
1872:
1861:
1113:
610:
437:
to attack who, in the summer of 87, led five or six legions across the Danube. The war ended without a decisive outcome and
1613:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
2015:
1649:
2452:
1558:
1451:
769:
519:
1935:
1329:
1436:
1037:
671:
666:(376) and with his permission settled in Moesia. After they settled, quarrels soon took place, and the Goths under
378:
267:
1527:
1148:
Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube
Provinces of the Roman Empire, Routledge Revivals Series
1125:
Heather, Peter (2010). Empires and
Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe. Oxford University Press.
2740:
2705:
2132:
2074:
1885:
1359:
594:
511:
2472:
2457:
2281:
2010:
1957:
1953:
1915:
1847:
1668:
1496:
1486:
1369:
1334:
1314:
1294:
1162:
Exercitus
Moesiae: The Roman Army in Moesia from Augustus to Severus Alexander. BAR international series, S2825
1108:
Wolfram, Herwig (1990). History of the Goths. Translated by Dunlap, Thomas J. University of
California Press.
703:
430:
2276:
2223:
2160:
2000:
1990:
1819:
1789:
1441:
1426:
1364:
1279:
1269:
1202:
727:
454:
374:
315:
233:
2725:
2482:
1925:
1809:
1414:
1274:
1206:
981:
719:
547:
418:(from the Danube river's mouth and then upstream). Each was governed by an imperial consular legate and a
301:
297:
2497:
2266:
2079:
2005:
1598:
1309:
104:
270:, took an army as far as the Danube and chased the Geto-Dacians to the border of their remote country.
1920:
2635:
2152:
1804:
1636:
1606:
1446:
1339:
389:
292:, Moesi, Getae and the Bastarnae who had recently subjugated the Triballi, and with their capital at
2641:
2596:
2414:
2404:
2066:
1895:
1842:
1837:
1610:
1344:
1319:
481:
392:
338:
323:
Augustus formally proclaimed this victory in 27 BC in Rome but blocked Cassius' entitlement to the
277:'s key political objectives, who made plans to launch an offensive from Macedonia in about 44 BC.
2492:
2467:
2374:
2349:
2238:
2122:
1972:
1784:
1581:
1431:
1389:
1384:
711:
572:
523:
419:
1224:
402:
personally arrived in Moesia and reorganised it in 87 into two provinces, divided by the river
2619:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2215:
2185:
1982:
1832:
1723:
1713:
1688:
1683:
1516:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
1476:
1471:
1399:
1394:
1182:
1165:
1151:
1126:
1109:
1093:
1070:
1001:
922:
858:
843:
739:
155:
134:
as 'Civitates of Moesia and Triballia'. It included most of the territory of modern eastern
2555:
2550:
2507:
2462:
2369:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2042:
1779:
1771:
1404:
1374:
715:
652:
500:
477:
434:
304:
32 years before and to recover the lost military standards held in the powerful fortress of
285:
183:
163:
159:
42:
538:
464:
2670:
2535:
2525:
2432:
2384:
2339:
2258:
2180:
2165:
2084:
1827:
1731:
1703:
1678:
1660:
1289:
1083:
Kovács, Péter (2009). Marcus Aurelius' rain miracle and the Marcomannic wars. Brill. p 198
744:
699:
648:
560:
492:
252:
225:
147:
381:). In 15 AD complaints about the corruption of the governors of Macedonia and Achaia led
2545:
2540:
2530:
2477:
2422:
2233:
2127:
2099:
2089:
1967:
1756:
1751:
1708:
1698:
1379:
1299:
1255:
621:
566:
495:
and Tropaeum Traiani. Afterwards Moesia was frequently invaded or raided by the Dacian
488:
358:
119:
95:
897:
2664:
2427:
2379:
2344:
2334:
2243:
1943:
1746:
1741:
1693:
1673:
1602:
1586:
1324:
1304:
1284:
1219:
902:
779:
396:
346:
274:
211:
2625:
2442:
2437:
2389:
2175:
2142:
2137:
1962:
1736:
1614:
1349:
714:, conquered Lower Moesia by the end of the 7th century. During the 8th century the
616:
581:
324:
127:
636:
445:, later brazenly flouted the terms of the peace (89 AD) which had been agreed on.
1176:
852:
530:
was killed, one of the most disastrous defeats in the history of the Roman army.
2648:
2520:
2487:
2399:
2354:
2228:
2170:
1491:
1420:
1354:
1053:
977:
675:
179:
1621:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
2515:
2359:
1761:
1590:
1517:
938:
774:
644:
590:
586:
911:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 643–644.
2301:
2190:
1799:
1794:
1409:
667:
632:
473:
438:
403:
334:
Moesia was split off as a separate military command some time before 10 BC.
284:
had established himself as sole ruler of the Roman state in 30 BC after the
263:
244:
221:
217:
655:, as well as auxiliary infantry units, cavalry units, and river flotillas.
2394:
2364:
2286:
1995:
1910:
1618:
723:
640:
631:
erected along the southern bank of the Danube, and a wall was built from
555:
496:
399:
382:
362:
319:
289:
281:
472:
The first incursion in Moesia that can be attributed to Goths is by the
178:
In ancient geographical sources, Moesia was bounded to the south by the
130:. As a Roman domain Moesia was administered at first by the governor of
2591:
2447:
2306:
2248:
1905:
1900:
1890:
1466:
1065:
707:
679:
602:
370:
305:
195:
187:
143:
131:
123:
851:
Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Lintott, Andrew (8 February 1996).
2601:
1481:
814:
Daniel Jones (2006). Peter Roach; James Hartman; Jane Setter (eds.).
663:
628:
527:
293:
240:
199:
191:
139:
135:
115:
20:
385:
to put these provinces under the control of the governor of Moesia.
2647: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
941:
divi Augusti (Monumentum Ancyranum) 30 = Dobó, Inscriptiones... 769
2296:
2291:
2271:
695:
683:
598:
551:
515:
504:
463:
442:
426:
248:
229:
87:
2011:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
659:
627:
As a frontier province, Moesia was strengthened by stations and
232:, the Latin name of a Thracian tribe who lived there before the
2580:
2040:
1634:
1570:
1531:
1228:
593:, while the southern part was organised as the new province of
522:
and then inflicted a devastating defeat upon the Romans at the
75:
51:
896:
349:
frontier defensive system that was developed further later.
1215:
Cities in the Provinces Moesia Superior and Moesia Inferior
1175:
Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Lintott, Andrew (1996).
78:
69:
66:
57:
1605:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
425:
From Moesia Domitian began planning future campaigns into
54:
662:, the Goths again crossed the Danube during the reign of
830:"C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Vitellius Maximilian Ihm, Ed"
722:.. The region would return to Byzantine control under
702:
invaded and destroyed much of Moesia in 583–587 in the
369:. As a province, Moesia was under an imperial consular
1000:. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 269–270.
706:. Moesia was settled by Slavs during the 7th century.
255:, the empire was divided into several smaller states.
605:. At the same time, Moesia Inferior was divided into
63:
2506:
2413:
2325:
2257:
2214:
2203:
2151:
2113:
2065:
2054:
1981:
1934:
1871:
1860:
1818:
1770:
1722:
1659:
1648:
365:' reign; in 6 AD, mention is made of its governor,
109:
48:
45:
726:in 1018 and would last until the formation of the
620:The Moesian provinces and the northern Balkans in
996:". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.).
799:Lena Olausson; Catherine Sangster, eds. (2006).
296:. Augustus also wanted to avenge the defeat of
216:The region of Moesia was inhabited chiefly by
2628:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1543:
1240:
8:
357:The region, however, was not organised as a
2651:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
228:peoples. The name of the region comes from
2577:
2211:
2062:
2051:
2037:
1868:
1656:
1645:
1631:
1567:
1550:
1536:
1528:
1247:
1233:
1225:
750:List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
647:. The garrison of Moesia Secunda included
331:apparently in favour of his own prestige.
1585:. Provincial administration reformed and
718:lost also Upper Moesian territory to the
1559:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
615:
537:
27:
791:
765:List of Roman governors of Upper Moesia
760:List of Roman governors of Lower Moesia
1178:The Cambridge Ancient History, Том 10
854:The Cambridge Ancient History, Том 10
7:
1256:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
190:(Šar) mountains, to the west by the
2686:Romanization of Southeastern Europe
682:made the Gothic translation of the
194:(Drina) river, on the north by the
410:(meaning upriver) and to the east
373:(who probably also had control of
14:
801:Oxford BBC Guide to Pronunciation
755:List of Roman governors of Moesia
1991:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1617:in c. 640–660, although in
1505:
998:A companion to ancient Macedonia
816:Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary
395:attacked Moesia after which the
239:Parts of Moesia belonged to the
198:(Danube) and on the east by the
41:
16:Historical region of the Balkans
2746:Former countries in the Balkans
1601:established after the death of
1203:Inscriptions of Moesia Superior
343:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Augur
2691:Historical regions in Bulgaria
2676:Ancient history of the Balkans
1949:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1873:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
1181:. Cambridge University Press.
857:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
2696:Historical regions in Romania
2681:Provinces of the Roman Empire
2016:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1594:
818:. Cambridge University Press.
526:, in which the Roman Emperor
2701:Historical regions in Serbia
770:Inscriptions of Upper Moesia
639:as a protection against the
433:started by ordering General
2624: Re-established after
1936:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
992:Vanderspoel, John (2010). "
895:Freese, John Henry (1911).
674:. These Goths are known as
670:defeated Valens in a great
468:Gothic invasions of 250-251
110:
2762:
2721:Ancient history of Ukraine
2711:Ancient history of Romania
803:. Oxford University Press.
452:
209:
18:
2731:Bulgaria in the Roman era
2716:Ancient history of Serbia
2614:
2597:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2587:
2576:
2050:
2036:
1644:
1630:
1577:
1566:
1514:
1503:
1265:
1024:, London 1971, p. 40 and
546:After the abandonment of
99:
2473:Palaestina III Salutaris
1669:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1295:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1042:Epitome of Roman History
361:until the last years of
19:Not to be confused with
2736:Serbia in the Roman era
2640: Placed under the
2001:Mauretania Caesariensis
1820:Diocese of the Britains
1442:Mauretania Caesariensis
908:Encyclopædia Britannica
728:Second Bulgarian Empire
406:(Ciabrus): to the west
312:Marcus Licinius Crassus
2483:Phoenice II Libanensis
2186:Macedonia II Salutaris
1599:praetorian prefectures
1561:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1415:Hispania Tarraconensis
1207:University of Belgrade
720:First Bulgarian Empire
672:battle near Adrianople
624:
543:
469:
298:Gaius Antonius Hybrida
33:
2205:Praetorian prefecture
2080:Noricum mediterraneum
2056:Praetorian prefecture
2006:Mauretania Sitifensis
1901:Picenum Suburbicarium
1862:Praetorian prefecture
1650:Praetorian prefecture
1597: 293. Permanent
619:
541:
518:captured the city of
467:
431:Domitian's Dacian War
31:
2636:Diocese of Illyricum
2630:Prefecture of Africa
2385:Galatia II Salutaris
2153:Diocese of Macedonia
2043:Eastern Roman Empire
1805:Mauretania Tingitana
1637:Western Roman Empire
1447:Mauretania Tingitana
1340:Corsica and Sardinia
1280:Africa proconsularis
832:. perseus.tufts.eud.
658:Hard-pressed by the
564:(later divided into
512:Gothic War (248–253)
501:East Germanic tribes
480:when they destroyed
455:Trajan's Dacian Wars
327:and use of the term
146:, northern parts of
2642:Quaestura exercitus
2415:Diocese of the East
2405:Pontus Polemoniacus
2067:Diocese of Pannonia
1896:Lucania et Bruttium
1843:Maxima Caesariensis
1838:Flavia Caesariensis
1345:Crete and Cyrenaica
1320:Bithynia and Pontus
994:Provincia Macedonia
704:Avar–Byzantine wars
542:Provinces in 400 AD
339:Sextus Aelius Catus
260:C. Scribonius Curio
162:and small parts of
2493:Syria II Salutaris
2350:Armenian Satrapies
2123:Dacia Mediterranea
2045:(395–c. 640)
1973:Venetia et Histria
1881:Apulia et Calabria
1582:Notitia Dignitatum
1432:Lycia et Pamphylia
1410:Hispania Lusitania
1390:Gallia Narbonensis
1385:Gallia Lugdunensis
712:Old Great Bulgaria
625:
573:Dacia Mediterranea
544:
534:Retreat from Dacia
524:Battle of Abrittus
514:, the Gothic king
470:
34:
32:Moesia after 87 AD
2658:
2657:
2620:Septem Provinciae
2610:
2609:
2582:Other territories
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2355:Armenia III (536)
2327:Diocese of Pontus
2317:Phrygia Salutaris
2312:Phrygia Pacatiana
2216:Diocese of Thrace
2199:
2198:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
1983:Diocese of Africa
1856:
1855:
1724:Diocese of Vienne
1714:Maxima Sequanorum
1626:
1625:
1525:
1524:
1477:Pannonia Superior
1472:Pannonia Inferior
1400:Germania Superior
1395:Germania Inferior
1259:
1007:978-1-405-17936-2
927:978-0-8142-0511-2
864:978-0-521-26430-3
740:Diocese of Moesia
585:including cities
156:Northern Bulgaria
114:) was an ancient
108:
2753:
2706:Ancient Bulgaria
2634: Later the
2618: Later the
2578:
2556:Thebais Inferior
2551:Thebais Superior
2508:Diocese of Egypt
2498:Theodorias (528)
2360:Armenia IV (536)
2212:
2115:Diocese of Dacia
2105:Valeria ripensis
2063:
2052:
2038:
1921:Tuscia et Umbria
1869:
1772:Diocese of Spain
1657:
1646:
1632:
1596:
1579:As found in the
1568:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1529:
1509:
1405:Hispania Baetica
1375:Gallia Aquitania
1257:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1226:
1211:
1192:
1164:. Oxford: 2016.
1134:
1123:
1117:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1044:, II, 28, 18-19.
1035:
1029:
1018:
1012:
1011:
989:
983:
975:
969:
966:
960:
957:
951:
948:
942:
936:
930:
919:
913:
912:
900:
892:
869:
868:
840:
834:
833:
826:
820:
819:
811:
805:
804:
796:
716:Byzantine Empire
710:, arriving from
698:allied with the
653:Legio XI Claudia
482:Tropaeum Traiani
478:Marcomannic Wars
435:Cornelius Fuscus
286:battle of Actium
184:Balkan Mountains
164:Southern Ukraine
160:Romanian Dobruja
142:, north-eastern
122:situated in the
113:
103:
101:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
72:
71:
68:
65:
60:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2606:
2583:
2560:
2536:Augustamnica II
2502:
2409:
2321:
2259:Diocese of Asia
2253:
2206:
2195:
2181:Macedonia Prima
2147:
2109:
2085:Noricum ripense
2057:
2046:
2020:
1977:
1930:
1863:
1852:
1814:
1766:
1732:Alpes Maritimae
1718:
1704:Lugdunensis III
1661:Diocese of Gaul
1651:
1640:
1639:(395–476)
1622:
1589:established by
1573:
1562:
1556:
1526:
1521:
1510:
1501:
1462:Moesia Superior
1457:Moesia Inferior
1290:Alpes Maritimae
1261:
1253:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1174:
1160:Conor Whately,
1143:
1141:Further reading
1138:
1137:
1124:
1120:
1107:
1103:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1036:
1032:
1022:Danubian Papers
1019:
1015:
1008:
991:
990:
986:
976:
972:
967:
963:
958:
954:
949:
945:
937:
933:
920:
916:
894:
893:
872:
865:
850:
841:
837:
828:
827:
823:
813:
812:
808:
798:
797:
793:
788:
745:Dacia Aureliana
736:
692:
649:Legio I Italica
561:Dacia Aureliana
536:
462:
457:
451:
412:Moesia Inferior
408:Moesia Superior
367:Caecina Severus
355:
253:palace intrigue
226:Thraco-Illyrian
214:
208:
176:
168:Moesia Inferior
152:Moesia Superior
148:North Macedonia
74:
62:
44:
40:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2622:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Libya Inferior
2543:
2541:Libya Superior
2538:
2533:
2531:Augustamnica I
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
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2480:
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2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
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2445:
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2411:
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2397:
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2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2287:Lycaonia (370)
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2254:
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2241:
2236:
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2220:
2218:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2197:
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2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Dacia Ripensis
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2048:
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1858:
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1830:
1824:
1822:
1816:
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1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1790:Carthaginensis
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1757:Novempopulania
1754:
1752:Narbonensis II
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1709:Lugdunensis IV
1706:
1701:
1699:Lugdunensis II
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
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1654:
1642:
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1417:
1412:
1407:
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1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Gallia Belgica
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:Arabia Petraea
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1263:
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1251:
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1198:
1197:External links
1195:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1172:
1158:
1146:András Mócsy,
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:978-0199892266
1118:
1101:
1098:978-0191727467
1085:
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1046:
1030:
1013:
1006:
984:
970:
961:
952:
943:
931:
914:
903:Chisholm, Hugh
898:"Moesia"
870:
863:
835:
821:
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783:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
735:
732:
691:
688:
622:Late Antiquity
607:Moesia Secunda
567:Dacia Ripensis
535:
532:
476:in 170 in the
461:
458:
453:Main article:
450:
447:
354:
353:Roman Province
351:
314:, grandson of
234:Roman conquest
207:
204:
175:
172:
120:Roman province
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2758:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Šar Mountains
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Roman Balkans
2724:
2722:
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2484:
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2479:
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2468:Palaestina II
2466:
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2375:Cappadocia II
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Armenia Maior
2343:
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2328:
2324:
2318:
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2240:
2237:
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2210:
2208:
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2192:
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2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
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2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
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1947:
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1944:Alpes Cottiae
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
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1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
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1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1810:Tarraconensis
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Narbonensis I
1745:
1743:
1742:Aquitanica II
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Lugdunensis I
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
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1658:
1655:
1653:
1647:
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1638:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:Constantine I
1600:
1592:
1588:
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1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Alpes Cottiae
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1220:Timacum Maius
1218:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1188:9780521264303
1184:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1170:9781407314754
1167:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:9781317754251
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1132:
1128:
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1111:
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1099:
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1077:
1073:
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1067:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
985:
982:
979:
974:
971:
965:
962:
956:
953:
947:
944:
940:
935:
932:
928:
924:
918:
915:
910:
909:
904:
899:
891:
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848:9780521264303
845:
839:
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831:
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822:
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802:
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780:Margus (city)
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766:
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751:
748:
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743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
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642:
638:
634:
630:
623:
618:
614:
612:
611:Scythia Minor
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:
577:
575:
574:
569:
568:
563:
562:
557:
553:
549:
540:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
520:Philippopolis
517:
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490:
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459:
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423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
397:Roman emperor
394:
391:
388:In 86 AD the
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
347:Moesian Limes
344:
340:
335:
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330:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
275:Julius Caesar
271:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213:
212:Moesian Limes
205:
203:
202:(Black Sea).
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
173:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:south of the
125:
121:
117:
112:
106:
97:
93:
89:
83:
38:
30:
26:
22:
2602:Spania (552)
2463:Palaestina I
2443:Euphratensis
2390:Helenopontus
2370:Cappadocia I
2277:Hellespontus
2176:Epirus Vetus
2143:Praevalitana
2058:of Illyricum
1848:Valentia (?)
1833:Britannia II
1737:Aquitanica I
1615:theme system
1580:
1461:
1456:
1419:
1177:
1161:
1147:
1121:
1104:
1088:
1079:
1069:
1061:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1016:
997:
993:
987:
980:51.23.3 ff.
973:
964:
955:
946:
934:
917:
906:
853:
838:
824:
815:
809:
800:
794:
693:
657:
626:
606:
597:with cities
582:Moesia Prima
580:
578:
571:
565:
559:
545:
509:
486:
471:
460:Gothic raids
424:
416:Ripa Thracia
415:
411:
407:
387:
356:
336:
333:
328:
325:Spolia opima
310:
279:
272:
257:
238:
215:
177:
167:
151:
128:Danube River
91:
36:
35:
25:
2649:Justinian I
2521:Aegyptus II
2453:Mesopotamia
2400:Paphlagonia
2229:Haemimontus
2207:of the East
2171:Epirus Nova
2095:Pannonia II
1828:Britannia I
1689:Germania II
1520:'s reforms.
1452:Mesopotamia
1210:(in French)
1054:Cassius Dio
978:Cassius Dio
968:Dio LI.23.2
959:Dio LI.26.5
690:Late Empire
678:, for whom
676:Moeso-Goths
548:Roman Dacia
487:In 238 the
449:Dacian Wars
443:Dacian King
390:Dacian king
2665:Categories
2626:reconquest
2516:Aegyptus I
2478:Phoenice I
2433:Cilicia II
2340:Armenia II
2090:Pannonia I
1762:Viennensis
1684:Germania I
1679:Belgica II
1619:Asia Minor
1591:Diocletian
1518:Diocletian
1330:Cappadocia
1114:0520069838
939:Res gestae
786:References
775:Moesogoths
645:Sarmatians
591:Singidunum
587:Viminacium
499:, and the
420:procurator
258:In 74 BC,
210:See also:
118:and later
2428:Cilicia I
2380:Galatia I
2335:Armenia I
2302:Pamphylia
2234:Moesia II
2191:Thessalia
1968:Raetia II
1800:Lusitania
1795:Gallaecia
1785:Balearica
1674:Belgica I
1437:Macedonia
1325:Britannia
1133:pp=109–20
1020:R. Syme,
842:(p. 581)
730:in 1185.
668:Fritigern
641:Scythians
633:Axiopolis
474:Costoboci
439:Decebalus
379:Macedonia
329:imperator
268:Macedonia
264:proconsul
245:Burebista
174:Geography
105:romanized
2395:Honorias
2365:Bithynia
2138:Moesia I
2133:Dardania
2075:Dalmatia
1996:Byzacena
1963:Raetia I
1911:Sardinia
1886:Campania
1864:of Italy
1587:dioceses
1360:Dalmatia
1275:Aegyptus
1258:(117 AD)
1150:, 2014.
1028:p. 69 ff
734:See also
724:Basil II
595:Dardania
556:Aurelian
400:Domitian
383:Tiberius
363:Augustus
359:province
320:triumvir
290:Triballi
282:Augustus
222:Illyrian
218:Thracian
2592:Taurica
2526:Arcadia
2488:Syria I
2458:Osroene
2448:Isauria
2307:Pisidia
2282:Islands
2249:Thracia
2244:Scythia
2239:Rhodope
1958:Aemilia
1954:Liguria
1926:Valeria
1916:Sicilia
1906:Samnium
1891:Corsica
1780:Baetica
1652:of Gaul
1607:Ravenna
1572:History
1497:Thracia
1487:Sicilia
1467:Noricum
1370:Galatia
1335:Cilicia
1315:Assyria
1305:Armenia
1071:Annales
1066:Tacitus
1056:, lv.29
1026:Addenda
950:Ptolemy
905:(ed.).
708:Bulgars
680:Ulfilas
603:Ulpiana
550:to the
510:In the
503:of the
493:Histria
491:sacked
316:Crassus
306:Genucla
302:Histria
206:History
196:Donaris
188:Scardus
144:Albania
132:Noricum
124:Balkans
107::
2671:Moesia
2644:in 536
2438:Cyprus
2423:Arabia
2224:Europa
2161:Achaea
1611:Africa
1482:Raetia
1427:Iudaea
1421:Italia
1365:Epirus
1350:Cyprus
1270:Achaia
1185:
1168:
1154:
1129:
1112:
1096:
1074:1.76.4
1038:Florus
1004:
925:
861:
846:
664:Valens
528:Decius
441:, the
404:Cebrus
375:Achaea
371:legate
294:Oescus
241:polity
224:, and
200:Euxine
192:Drinus
186:) and
180:Haemus
140:Kosovo
136:Serbia
116:region
111:Moisía
100:Μοισία
92:Moesia
37:Moesia
21:Moesha
2297:Lydia
2292:Lycia
2272:Caria
2166:Creta
2100:Savia
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