642:, was considered pro-Western. Mohamed Khouna officially came in second place with about 19% of the vote, although he alleged fraud; he was arrested immediately after the election, accused of plotting a coup. Mohamed Khouna had also been briefly detained just prior to the vote. On December 28, 2003 he received a five-year suspended sentence and therefore was set free, but barred from politics for five years. An appeals court confirmed this sentence in April 2004. Also in April, his supporters attempted to register a political party, the Party for Democratic Convergence.
1735:
1649:
230:
588:. This led to a crisis in relations with the country's until-then ally Morocco, which had similarly annexed the remainder of Western Sahara, with Mohamed Khouna's government facing an attempted coup, troop clashes and military tension. Relations were completely severed between 1981 and 1985, when they were restored by Mohamed Khouna's successor. However, relations improved with POLISARIO's main regional backer,
696:, requesting for help to bring his son back to Mauritania or to liberate him. He denounced the conditions of imprisonment of his son, who is handicapped. On June 24, 2010, El Ghassem Ould Bellali, a Mauritanian deputy, declared that the imprisonment of Sidi Mohamed Ould Haidalla is a Moroccan "political vengeance" against his's father, for the recognition he gave to the
833:
633:
After returning to
Mauritania in late 1984, Mohamed Khouna was held in administrative detention for several years by Ould Taya, during which time he fell sick. After his release, he stayed outside politics until 2003, when he returned to head the opposition. He then unsuccessfully ran for president
681:
in August 2008, Mohamed Khouna expressed his support for the coup in a statement on August 29, 2008, saying that it was necessary under the circumstances and urging all
Mauritanians to support it. He also criticized the negative reactions of Western governments to the coup, alleging that they were
661:
scheduled for March 11, 2007. He campaigned on a nationalist-Islamist platform, citing the struggle against poverty and slavery as priorities. On
February 3, he gained the support of another registered presidential candidate, former opposition politician and prisoner under Ould Taya,
616:
law in 1980-83, as well as several failed attempts to rebuild the political system shattered by the 1978 coup—first as a multiparty system, and then, after the first coup attempt against him, as a one-party state. It was also during
Mohamed Khouna's rule that
621:
was formally and completely abolished in
Mauritania, although the practice continues at a diminished level still today. He made a statement announcing the abolition of slavery in July 1980, and this was followed by a legal decree in November 1981.
669:
However, no longer having the political base that came with being the main candidate of the opposition under Ould Taya, Mohamed Khouna was even less successful in the 2007 election, coming in tenth place and receiving 1.73% of the vote.
645:
Mohamed Khouna was arrested again on
November 3, 2004, accused of involvement in coup plots. The prosecutor sought a five-year prison sentence, but he was acquitted on February 3, 2005, at the end of a mass trial of 195 people.
499:— started by Ould Daddah in 1975 — and his regime faced a number of coups attempts and military intrigues. On March 16, 1981, a violent coup attempt against Mohamed Khouna failed. Mohamed Khouna accused
654:
Following a military coup against Taya in August 2005, an amnesty in early
September freed Mohamed Khouna from his sentences, along with more than a hundred others sentenced for political offenses.
1913:
887:
851:
1697:
1958:
1558:
1928:
1923:
1938:
1690:
404:
51:
1310:
1113:
625:
Political opponents were treated harshly, with imprisonments and those responsible for one of the failed coups against his government were executed.
340:
70:
449:
1943:
1918:
1683:
1551:
658:
351:
347:
1953:
1706:
485:
113:
1262:
1855:
1567:
442:
332:
66:
517:
On
December 12, 1984, however, Taya ousted Mohamed Khouna in a coup while the latter was out of the country. Mohamed Khouna had been at a
1933:
1815:
1805:
592:, with the Algerian government sending arms, ammunitions and supplies to bolster his regime. Mohamed Khouna's 1984 recognition of the
514:
On 8 March 1984, Mohamed Khouna took the office of prime minister again, replacing Taya, in a move to strengthen his personal power.
678:
553:
1948:
1544:
1418:
1376:
1292:
697:
593:
549:
1794:
1782:
1605:
1528:
1511:
1501:
601:
504:
184:
172:
105:
1000:
1850:
1840:
1518:
1491:
1464:
1061:
815:
1835:
1825:
1800:
1616:
1593:
1484:
1056:
674:
481:
93:
1333:"Le conseil constitutionnel proclame les résultats du premier tour de l'élection présidentielles du 11 mars 2007"
663:
724:
403:, Senegal, in 1961. After joining the Mauritanian army in 1962, he studied in French military colleges, notably
1810:
1734:
1648:
1318:
692:
On June 18, 2010, Mohamed Khouna wrote an open letter to the heads of state who have good relations with the
1820:
1777:
1633:
1621:
1474:
489:
149:
1110:
518:
1908:
1638:
912:
495:
His reign was marked by severe political turbulence, as
Mauritania extracted itself from the war with the
1765:
1610:
1457:
1345:
1122:
869:
755:
534:
453:
136:
50:
1903:
1248:
1230:
1212:
1194:
1176:
1158:
1079:
530:
1358:
1845:
1627:
982:
963:
944:
874:
802:
760:
597:
1860:
1830:
1759:
1749:
1724:
1587:
1582:
1270:
701:
686:
581:
473:
469:
445:
419:
411:
304:
287:
217:
1372:
1865:
438:
426:
685:
In July 2007, Sidi
Mohamed Ould Haidalla (Mohamed Khouna's son) was detained in Morocco for
259:
17:
1311:"Nouvelle coalition de parti et Ould Cheikh Melainine se retire en faveur de Ould Haidalla"
1422:
1140:
1117:
1111:"Mauritania: Fear of ill-treatment or torture / Incommunicado detention / Medical concern"
1097:
1030:
838:
693:
569:
496:
423:
317:
677:, Mohamed Khouna announced his support for Abdallahi in October 2007. However, following
392:
1430:
977:
939:
908:
892:
856:
820:
576:
in 1975. The CMSN opted for complete withdrawal from the conflict, evacuating southern
573:
565:
415:
363:
209:
1296:
464:
Mohamed Khouna became prime minister on 31 May 1979, a few days after the death in an
1897:
1293:"Ch'Bih Ould Cheikh Melainine retire sa candidature à la présidentielle de mars 2007"
1243:
1225:
1207:
1189:
1171:
1153:
1074:
577:
477:
1400:(in French). Carrefour de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (CRIDEM). 2010-06-18
1332:
1190:"Opposition leader stripped of political rights as putchists prepare to face trial"
924:
434:
1397:
537:. Mohamed Khouna returned to Mauritania anyway and was arrested at the airport in
612:
On the domestic front, his most notable policies were the institution of Islamic
1675:
1295:(in French). Agence Mauritanienne d'Information. 3 February 2007. Archived from
1135:
1092:
1008:
526:
507:
was appointed prime minister. Another attempted coup was allegedly sponsored by
375:
205:
1536:
1419:"Diputado considera "venganza" encarcelamiento en Marruecos hijo ex presidente"
657:
On December 27, 2006, Mohamed Khouna announced that he would be a candidate in
476:
and the CRMN. On 4 January 1980 he seized power from Ould Salek's successor as
1710:
1571:
600:) as a sovereign nation appears to have been one of the triggering causes for
538:
430:
367:
336:
244:
234:
229:
213:
1226:"Mauritania: Three opposition leaders arrested in connection with coup plots"
958:
797:
472:, with whom he had seized power for the CMSN just a month earlier, from Col.
545:
1315:
Convergence Républicaine pour l'Instauration de la Democratie en Mauritanie
1359:"L'ancien président Ould Haidalla défend le nouveau pouvoir en Mauritanie"
705:
635:
585:
572:, which had been fighting Mauritania since it annexed part of the former
465:
371:
1244:"Mauritania: Coup plotters get life in prison but escape death sentence"
618:
589:
522:
500:
396:
388:
310:
277:
638:
platform, whereas Taya, who had established full diplomatic ties with
503:
of being behind the coup, which Morocco denied, and in the next month
1057:"Mauritanian ruler from the 1980s enters post-coup presidential race"
909:"Former Mauritanian President Ould Haidalla seeks new term in office"
776:
639:
613:
437:. In 1978, with the country in severe disorder, he participated in a
384:
689:
charges. In 2008 he was judged and condemned to 7 years in prison.
508:
400:
380:
1346:"Former Mauritanian leader pledges support for current president"
328:
300:
1679:
1540:
1335:(in French). Agence Mauritanienne d'Information. 15 March 2007.
456:, he was promoted to the post of Chief of the General Staff.
410:
After 1975, he commanded forces in the north of Mauritania and
1426:
1373:"La Cour d'appel condamne les accusés à des peines de prison"
1208:"Mauritania: Haidalla supporters create new opposition party"
584:) and recognizing the POLISARIO as the representative of the
564:
Mohamed Khouna's main achievement was to make peace with the
978:
Mauritania: Relations with Other States of the Maghrib
634:
against Taya in November, campaigning on a moderately
362:
Born in 1940 in the Nouadhibou region (either in then-
1075:"MAURITANIA: Ould Haidallah trial to begin on Monday"
834:"Mauritanian Coup Attempt Fails After Bloody Clashes"
343:, CMSN) from 4 January 1980 to 12 December 1984.
852:"Career Soldier Takes Over As Premier of Mauritania"
27:
Former head of state of Mauritania from 1980 to 1984
1742:
1717:
751:
749:
747:
745:
283:
273:
265:
255:
250:
240:
223:
199:
194:
178:
166:
143:
130:
111:
99:
87:
64:
32:
1361:(in French). African Press Agency. 29 August 2008.
725:"MAURITANIA COUP OUSTS PRESIDENT (Published 1984)"
541:; he was eventually released in December 1988.
904:
902:
816:"Mauritanian Group Says It Killed Libyan in Rome"
888:"Mauritania's President Arrested by Coup Leader"
935:
933:
1263:"Political exiles flocking back to Mauritania"
1154:"Peaceful election, but opposition cries foul"
994:
992:
488:until December of that year, when a civilian,
1959:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
1691:
1552:
1172:"Haidalla walks free with suspended sentence"
8:
1914:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
1317:(in French). 3 February 2007. Archived from
484:. He continued to also hold the position of
468:crash of the previous prime minister, Col.
379:tribe, he passed to secondary education in
1698:
1684:
1676:
1559:
1545:
1537:
1446:
83:4 January 1980 – 12 December 1984
29:
1348:, African Press Agency, October 25, 2007.
1052:
1050:
1048:
708:, when he was president of Mauritania.
341:Military Committee for National Salvation
71:Military Committee for National Salvation
1033:. Amnesty International. 7 November 2002
1031:"Mauritania: A future free from slavery"
940:"Mauritania: Regional Security Concerns"
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
772:
770:
529:, during his return to Mauritania, from
346:He was an unsuccessful candidate in the
162:8 March 1984 – 12 December 1984
716:
126:31 May 1979 – 12 December 1980
870:"Mauritania: Political Disintegration"
1398:"Appel pour des raisons humanitaires"
682:interfering in Mauritanian affairs.
673:After the election, which was won by
7:
1929:20th-century Mauritanian politicians
1924:21st-century Mauritanian politicians
756:"Mauritania: Consolidation of Power"
1939:Mauritanian prisoners and detainees
1269:. 12 September 2005. Archived from
925:"Mauritania: The Polisario Problem"
321:
1136:"Charges for Mauritania candidate"
358:Family background and early career
25:
1093:"Top Mauritanian politician held"
798:"Mauritania: The Haidalla Regime"
548:, but his rule was considered as
1733:
1647:
666:, who dropped out of the race.
594:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
492:, was appointed to the post.
228:
49:
1944:Leaders who took power by coup
1919:Mauritanian military personnel
1881:
1663:
679:the coup that ousted Abdallahi
1:
1755:office abolished, 1961 – 1979
1429:). 2010-06-24. Archived from
777:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah
629:Activities after losing power
552:by many; he was deposed by a
325:Muḥammad Khouna Wald Haidalla
1954:Heads of state of Mauritania
1519:Prime Minister of Mauritania
1465:Prime Minister of Mauritania
1062:International Herald Tribune
314:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
114:Prime Minister of Mauritania
34:Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
18:Mohamed Khouna Ould Heidalla
1529:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
1512:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
1502:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
702:right of self-determination
664:Chbih Ould Cheikh Melainine
602:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
580:(which had been annexed as
525:and learned of the coup in
505:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
441:that overthrew Mauritanian
203:1940 (age 83–84)
185:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
173:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
106:Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
1975:
1485:Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
675:Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
482:Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
352:2007 presidential election
348:2003 presidential election
299:In this Mauritanian name,
298:
94:Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Louly
1934:Mauritanian Sunni Muslims
1874:
1731:
1656:
1645:
1578:
1525:
1516:
1508:
1498:
1489:
1481:
1471:
1462:
1454:
1449:
659:the presidential election
544:Taya promised to install
293:
190:
155:
119:
76:
60:
48:
39:
1949:Leaders ousted by a coup
370:), into a family of the
55:Colonel Haidalla in 1983
40:
1492:President of Mauritania
1475:Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara
604:'s coup in late 1984.
596:(SADR, the POLISARIO's
533:, the president of the
490:Sid'Ahmed Ould Bneijara
150:Sid Ahmed Ould Bneijara
1001:"Mauritania / History"
1458:Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi
1321:on 28 September 2007.
1123:Amnesty International
959:"Mauritania: Morocco"
824:, September 23, 1984.
535:Republic of the Congo
519:Franco-African Summit
448:. As a member of the
266:Years of service
137:Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi
1180:, December 29, 2003.
1144:, November 10, 2003.
1065:, December 28, 2006.
1011:on 29 September 2018
1005:LookLex Encyclopedia
913:African Press Agency
896:, December 14, 1984.
531:Denis Sassou Nguesso
322:محمد خونا ولد هيداله
42:محمد خونا ولد هيداله
1252:, February 3, 2005.
1234:, November 4, 2004.
1162:, November 7, 2003.
1101:, November 9, 2003.
1083:, 27 November 2003.
983:Library of Congress
964:Library of Congress
945:Library of Congress
875:Library of Congress
803:Library of Congress
761:Library of Congress
650:After the 2005 coup
598:government-in-exile
446:Mokhtar Ould Daddah
383:near the border to
1450:Political offices
1273:on 20 October 2006
1267:Middle East Online
1126:, 14 November 2003
1116:2006-11-28 at the
729:The New York Times
556:in August 2005.
474:Mustafa Ould Salek
470:Ahmed Ould Bouceif
305:patronymic surname
288:Western Sahara War
218:French West Africa
1891:
1890:
1673:
1672:
1535:
1534:
1526:Succeeded by
1499:Succeeded by
1472:Succeeded by
1299:on 27 March 2007.
1198:, April 22, 2004.
860:, April 27, 1981.
842:, March 17, 1981.
582:Tiris El Gharbiya
429:, notably in the
412:Tiris al-Gharbiya
339:(Chairman of the
297:
296:
16:(Redirected from
1966:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1737:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1651:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1509:Preceded by
1482:Preceded by
1455:Preceded by
1447:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1241:
1235:
1223:
1217:
1216:, April 7, 2004.
1205:
1199:
1187:
1181:
1169:
1163:
1151:
1145:
1133:
1127:
1108:
1102:
1090:
1084:
1072:
1066:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1007:. Archived from
996:
987:
975:
969:
956:
950:
937:
928:
922:
916:
915:, March 7, 2007.
906:
897:
885:
879:
867:
861:
849:
843:
831:
825:
813:
807:
795:
780:
774:
765:
753:
740:
739:
737:
736:
721:
687:drug trafficking
323:
260:Mauritanian Army
251:Military service
233:
232:
195:Personal details
181:
169:
160:
146:
133:
124:
102:
90:
81:
53:
43:
30:
21:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1870:
1738:
1729:
1713:
1707:Prime ministers
1704:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1574:
1565:
1531:
1522:
1514:
1504:
1495:
1487:
1477:
1468:
1460:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1242:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1206:
1202:
1188:
1184:
1170:
1166:
1152:
1148:
1141:BBC News Online
1134:
1130:
1118:Wayback Machine
1109:
1105:
1098:BBC News Online
1091:
1087:
1073:
1069:
1055:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
999:Kjeilen, Tore.
998:
997:
990:
985:Country Studies
976:
972:
966:Country Studies
957:
953:
947:Country Studies
938:
931:
923:
919:
907:
900:
886:
882:
877:Country Studies
868:
864:
850:
846:
839:Washington Post
832:
828:
814:
810:
805:Country Studies
796:
783:
775:
768:
763:Country Studies
754:
743:
734:
732:
723:
722:
718:
714:
694:king of Morocco
652:
631:
610:
608:Domestic policy
570:Polisario Front
562:
497:Polisario Front
462:
460:As head of CMSN
424:Polisario Front
360:
308:
227:
204:
179:
167:
161:
156:
144:
131:
125:
120:
100:
88:
82:
77:
56:
44:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1568:Heads of state
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1421:(in Spanish).
1410:
1389:
1364:
1350:
1338:
1324:
1302:
1284:
1254:
1236:
1218:
1200:
1182:
1164:
1146:
1128:
1103:
1085:
1067:
1044:
1022:
988:
970:
951:
929:
917:
898:
893:New York Times
880:
862:
857:New York Times
844:
826:
821:New York Times
808:
781:
766:
741:
715:
713:
710:
706:Sahrawi people
651:
648:
630:
627:
609:
606:
586:Sahrawi people
574:Spanish colony
566:Western Sahara
561:
560:Foreign policy
558:
486:prime minister
461:
458:
416:Western Sahara
391:. He earned a
387:-administered
364:Spanish Sahara
359:
356:
303:Haidalla is a
295:
294:
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
257:
256:Branch/service
253:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
225:
221:
220:
210:Spanish Sahara
201:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
134:
128:
127:
117:
116:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
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1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1413:
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1392:
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1379:. 2008-10-17
1367:
1353:
1341:
1327:
1319:the original
1314:
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1297:the original
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1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
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1025:
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1009:the original
1004:
981:
973:
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943:
920:
891:
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873:
865:
855:
847:
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779:, Rulers.org
759:
733:. Retrieved
731:. 1984-12-13
728:
719:
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672:
668:
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653:
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624:
611:
563:
543:
516:
513:
494:
463:
435:Bir Moghrein
409:
393:baccalaureat
374:
366:or colonial
361:
345:
324:
313:
309:
284:Battles/wars
180:Succeeded by
157:
145:Succeeded by
121:
101:Succeeded by
78:
1904:1940 births
1743:Independent
1037:27 February
1015:27 February
927:, Arab.net.
700:and to the
527:Brazzaville
439:coup d'état
433:region and
376:Laaroussien
235:Mauritanian
224:Nationality
168:Preceded by
132:Preceded by
89:Preceded by
1898:Categories
1711:Mauritania
1634:Abdel Aziz
1622:Abdel Aziz
1572:Mauritania
1496:1980–1984
1469:1979–1980
1437:2010-05-08
1404:2010-05-08
1383:2010-05-08
735:2024-01-31
712:References
578:Rio de Oro
539:Nouakchott
427:guerrillas
418:), in the
368:Mauritania
337:Mauritania
331:) was the
245:Nouakchott
214:Nouadhibou
1639:Ghazouani
1617:Abdallahi
546:democracy
452:military
443:President
405:Saint-Cyr
269:1962–1984
241:Residence
158:In office
122:In office
79:In office
1885:military
1846:Hamedine
1826:Boubacar
1821:M'Bareck
1801:Boubacar
1789:Haidalla
1778:Bneijara
1772:Haidalla
1718:Colonial
1667:military
1600:Haidalla
1377:Le Matin
1277:21 April
1114:Archived
636:Islamist
466:airplane
431:Zouerate
422:against
350:and the
206:La Güera
139:(Acting)
67:Chairman
1841:Laghdaf
1831:Zeidane
1760:Bouceif
890:, UPI,
704:of the
619:slavery
590:Algeria
568:-based
523:Burundi
501:Morocco
397:science
389:Senegal
372:Sahrawi
327:; born
278:Colonel
69:of the
1878:acting
1856:Sidiya
1851:Béchir
1836:Waghef
1816:Khouna
1806:Khouna
1750:Daddah
1725:Daddah
1660:acting
1583:Daddah
640:Israel
614:Sharia
385:French
318:Arabic
1861:Bilal
1628:Mbaré
1594:Louly
1588:Salek
1523:1984
509:Libya
454:junta
401:Dakar
381:Rosso
1866:Djay
1811:Guig
1795:Taya
1783:Taya
1766:Sidi
1611:Vall
1606:Taya
1279:2015
1249:IRIN
1231:IRIN
1213:IRIN
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1177:IRIN
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1080:IRIN
1039:2022
1017:2022
698:SADR
511:.
450:CRMN
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311:Col.
301:Ould
274:Rank
200:Born
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420:war
407:.
399:in
395:in
335:of
212:or
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