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and the two worked closely together. By the time of his death, he remained distrustful, but publicly urged Iraqis to abandon violence, at least for the time being, and give the interim government a chance to earn their trust. Although Al-Hakim publicly urged the abandonment of violence, his Badr
283:
The Badr
Brigades were the military wing of SCIRI until 2003. Al-Hakim created the Badr Brigades which fought against Saddam Hussein. The Badr Brigades contained to number about 10,000 equipped and trained soldiers. On 11 February 1995, Badr corps attacked Iraqi government forces in
312:
after spending more than two decades of exile in neighboring Iran. There he emerged as one of the most influential Iraqi leaders, with his longtime opposition to Saddam gaining him immense credibility, especially among the majority Shia population.
274:
and installing clerical rule.With
Iranian military aid, SCIRI became an armed resistance group, periodically making cross-border attacks against Baathist and maintaining covert connections with resistance elements within the country.
227:(SCIRI), a highly influential group within Iraq's Shia community and high ranking U.S. officials had met with the brother of Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim, intent on securing a new ally against Saddam Hussein. He co-founded the modern
239:
and Najaf. This incident prompted the
Baathist government to arrest Baqir Al-Hakim, he was subsequently imprisoned and tortured. When Mohammad Baqir Al-Sadr was on house arrest remained in communication with Baqir Al-Hakim.
169:
compared the two in terms of their times in exile and their support in their respective homelands. After his return to Iraq, al-Hakim's life was in danger because of his work to encourage Shiite resistance to
418:
Hundreds of thousands of people attended his funeral in Najaf and showed their hatred of the US military occupation on 2 September 2003. They protested the US forces and demanded their withdrawal from Iraq.
320:, but Al-Hakim gave the US credit for overthrowing Saddam's government first, so that SCIRI and other Shia opposition parties found time to re-establish themselves between Shia people. Al-Hakim's brother,
235:, with whom he worked closely until the latter's death in 1980. In an event, Mohammad Baqir Al-Sadr sent Al-Hakim to calm the people who were trapped by Saddam Hussein's government troops between
178:, the son of the late Ayatollah Mohammed Sadeq al-Sadr, who had himself been assassinated in Najaf in 1999. Al-Hakim was assassinated in a massive car-bomb explosion in his hometown
392:, a top Zarqawi bombmaker who was captured in January 2005, confessed to carrying out this bombing. They also cite Zarqawi's praising of the assassination in several audiotapes.
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361:. The blast killed at least 84 others; some estimate that as many as 125 died in the bombing. Fifteen bodyguards of al-Hakim were among the people killed in the blast.
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led to an ever-increasing distrust of Iraq's Shia population by the ruling Ba'ath party; combined with his previous arrests, Al-Hakim defected to Iran in 1980.
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211:. Al-Hakim's father was a senior cleric in Najaf. He learned a traditional Shiite imam's training. He was arrested and tortured for his beliefs by the
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However, his sentence was commuted and he was released in July 1979. The subsequent eruption of war between Iraq and largely Shia
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Safely in Iran under the protection of the
Iranian government, Al-Hakim became an open enemy of the Ba'athists, forming the
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396:, the brother-in-law of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi claimed that his father, Yassin, was the suicide bomber in the attack.
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On 30 August 2003, Iraqi authorities arrested four people in connection with the bombing: two former members of the
247:
regime, largely because of his agitation on behalf of Iraq's majority Shia population (the ruling regime was mostly
182:
in 2003 when he emerged from the shrine of Imam Ali. He was 63. At least 75 others were also killed in the bombing.
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government in 1972 and fled to Iran in 1980. Many relatives of Al-Hakim were killed by the
Baathist government.
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155:(SCIRI). Al-Hakim spent more than 20 years in exile in Iran and returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003 following the
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in July 2007 after being sentenced to death in
October 2006 for his role in the assassination of al-Hakim.
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Though not among the most hard-line of
Islamists, Al-Hakim was seen as dangerous by the ruling
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Al-Hakim returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003 following the overthrow of Saddam's regime by the
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From
Dictatorship to Democracy: An Insider's Account of the Iraqi Opposition to Saddam
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1021:
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442:
200:
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678:(Illustrated ed.). USA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014. p. 386.
911:"Study uses 'martyr' posts to break down 'foreign fighters' aiding Syrian rebels"
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as "one of the main groups accused of carrying out sectarian killings".
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His grave was petrol-bombed by anti-government protesters during the
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was responsible for Hakim's assassination. They claim that
270:(SCIRI), a revolutionary group dedicated to overthrowing
147:), also known as Shaheed al-Mehraab, was a senior Iraqi
1017:"Elites backed by Iran are clinging to power in Iraq"
27:
Iraqi Shia
Islamic scholar and politician (1939–2003)
231:
political movement in Iraq in the 1960s, along with
207:
and
Fawzieh Hassan Bazzi. Al-Hakim was the uncle of
117:
107:
97:
82:
64:
34:
783:"Iraq's death squads: on the brink of civil war",
268:Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq
862:"Shiites mark Ashura Day with Karbala pilgrimage"
203:of Shi'ite religious scholars. He was the son of
763:"No Power Capable of Dividing Iran, Iraq: Zarif"
1062:Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq
964:"Mourners demand vengeance for cleric's death"
890:"Zarqawi kin reportedly bombed shrine in Iraq"
805:. Archived from the original on 2 October 2003
349:Al-Hakim was killed on 29 August 2003, when a
153:Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq
102:Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq
480:"Cleric slain months after returning to Iraq"
8:
137:Muhammad Baqir Muhsin al-Hakim at-Tabataba'i
1170:Asian politicians assassinated in the 2000s
1120:Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians
991:"Shia mourners demand end to US occupation"
579:
577:
159:. Al-Hakim was a contemporary of Ayatollah
1044:
56:
31:
799:"Ayatollah's killing: Winners and losers"
225:Supreme Council of the Revolution in Iraq
860:Cummins, Christopher (12 October 2016).
466:
384:According to U.S. and Iraqi officials,
316:Initially, he was very critical of the
1040:Website dedicated to al-Hakim (Arabic)
816:
712:"A Major Crack in Iraqi Shia Politics"
151:Islamic Scholar and the leader of the
145:السيد محمد باقر محسن الحكيم الطباطبائي
934:"Alleged Al Qaeda Militant Is Hanged"
904:
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761:IFP, Editorial Staff (9 March 2019).
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740:"Iraqi opposition 'moves troops in'"
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672:Al-Bayati, Hamid (30 January 2014).
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989:McCarthy, Rory (3 September 2003).
892:, by Mohamad Bazzi, 7 February 2005
557:"Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim"
377:, and two non-Iraqi Arabs from the
144:
1155:People of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings
797:Escobar, Pepe (2 September 2003).
555:Joffe, Lawrence (30 August 2003).
510:Joffe, Lawrence (30 August 2003).
25:
1150:People killed by al-Qaeda in Iraq
1175:Politicians assassinated in 2003
839:"U.S. Blamed For Mosque Attack"
633:Smyth, Frank (3 October 2003).
292:, Badr Brigades fought against
139:(8 July 1939 – 29 August 2003;
1135:Assassinated Iraqi politicians
710:Kadhim, Abbas (26 July 2017).
326:Iraq interim governing council
1:
940:. Baghdad. AP. Archived from
932:Mroue, Bassem (6 June 2007).
486:. Baghdad. AP. 30 August 2003
841:. CBS News. 11 February 2009
742:. BBC News. 19 February 2003
219:Political activities in Iraq
635:"Iraq's Forgotten Majority"
298:Popular Mobilization Forces
1196:
1180:Deaths by explosive device
1140:Deaths by car bomb in Iraq
585:"Muhammad Baqir al- Hakim"
449:Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah
342:
1068:
1058:
1052:
1047:
864:. euronews.com. Euro news
823:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
607:"Who is Muqtada al-Sadr?"
329:Brigade was described by
318:U.S.-led invasion of Iraq
310:U.S.-led invasion of Iraq
223:Al-Hakim was head of the
55:
1130:Terrorism deaths in Iraq
1048:Party political offices
406:militant, was hanged in
353:exploded as he left the
174:and from a rivalry with
86:29 August 2003 (aged 64)
400:Oras Mohammed Abdulaziz
345:Imam Ali Mosque bombing
324:, was appointed to the
209:Muhammad Sayid al-Hakim
91:Coalition-occupied Iraq
44:Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim
18:Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim
970:. AP. 2 September 2003
455:Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr
394:Muhammad Yassin Jarrad
233:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
1145:Iraqi revolutionaries
290:War in Iraq (2013–17)
195:Al-Hakim was born in
1100:Badr Brigade members
386:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
1072:Abdul Aziz al-Hakim
787:, 26 February 2006.
716:The Huffington Post
609:. CNN. 6 April 2004
424:2019 Iraqi protests
322:Abdul Aziz al-Hakim
1115:Iraqi Shia Muslims
1110:Iraqi Shia clerics
1025:. 7 December 2019.
944:on 12 October 2017
587:. Oxford Reference
355:Shrine of Imam Ali
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1069:Succeeded by
437:Ruhollah Khomeini
390:Abu Omar al-Kurdi
199:in 1939 into the
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16:(Redirected from
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48:محمد باقر الحكيم
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1125:Al-Hakim family
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205:Muhsin al-Hakim
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176:Muqtada al-Sadr
157:US-led invasion
112:Muhsin al-Hakim
98:Political party
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76:Kingdom of Iraq
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999:. Retrieved
995:The Guardian
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564:. Retrieved
561:The Guardian
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519:. Retrieved
516:The Guardian
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443:Ali Khamenei
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371:Ba'ath Party
368:
365:Perpetrators
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201:Hakim Family
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166:The Guardian
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1095:2003 deaths
1090:1939 births
68:8 July 1939
1084:Categories
1066:1982–2003
1001:27 January
974:27 January
948:27 January
913:. NBC News
845:27 January
809:27 January
803:Asia Times
613:27 January
591:27 January
521:27 January
512:"Obituary"
490:27 January
461:References
453:Ayatollah
447:Ayatollah
441:Ayatollah
435:Ayatollah
296:under the
191:Early life
819:cite news
213:Ba'athist
186:Biography
130:Ayatollah
37:Ayatollah
1160:Twelvers
868:12 March
769:13 March
746:13 March
721:12 March
644:12 March
566:10 March
430:See also
404:Al-Qaeda
351:car bomb
161:Khomeini
997:. Najaf
938:The Sun
414:Funeral
408:Baghdad
237:Karbala
229:Islamic
89:Najaf,
917:4 June
682:
381:sect.
379:Salafi
286:Amarah
249:Sunnis
245:Ba'ath
163:, and
141:Arabic
135:Sayyid
118:Family
108:Father
40:Sayyid
375:Basra
373:from
359:Najaf
197:Najaf
180:Najaf
72:Najaf
1003:2013
976:2013
950:2013
919:2013
870:2019
847:2013
825:link
811:2013
771:2019
748:2019
723:2019
680:ISBN
646:2019
615:2013
593:2013
568:2019
523:2013
492:2013
294:ISIL
256:Iran
149:Shia
83:Died
65:Born
357:in
251:).
133:al-
1086::
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993:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
