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The most common social belief regarding the tradition of flying kites is that kites go up to the heavens carrying a message to the gods to stop sending rain for the year. Another belief says that it brings prosperity to the family. Flying kites is also believed to be a way of communicating with one's
374:
Other ceremonies consist of chopping up an ash gourd painted with the face of the devil at the shrine house of the tutelary deity. In some localities, participants parade through the streets holding ceremonial swords aloft prior to the event. The procession is known as Pāyā (पाया). The festivities
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Flying kites is the most popular sport that people engage in on the sidelines of Mohani. This is the season for flying kites because of the pleasant weather and windy conditions. Rooftops and open fields are crowded with revelers, and dogfights in the sky in which kite fliers try to cut the
442:, is placed on a palanquin and carried around town accompanied by musical bands. The Asan Pāyā sword procession is also held on this day, with the youngest member of the community leading the parade. The day is the last day of Mohani for the locals of Asan, and is known as Asan Chālan.
321:
Mohani starts with Nalāswane (नःलास्वने), the planting of barley seeds, on the first day of the fortnight. The seeds are planted in sand in earthen basins and small bowls. This is done in the shrine room at one's home and at the Agam Chhen (आगं छेँ) the house where the family's
348:, the ninth day of the fortnight in the lunar calendar. Sacred rituals are performed at the shrine room of the tutelary deity. People also make sacred offerings to their tools of the trade, weighing scales, looms, machinery and vehicles. The Taleju Temple located at
371:, the tenth day of the fortnight. Family members go to the shrine room of their tutelary deity for a service. They receive bunches of barley shoots planted on the first day as sacred gifts. Dabs of red paste are put on their foreheads as a blessing.
510:
accompanied by musical bands playing nāykhin (नायखिं) drums. They went to the
Nepalese Legation for the ceremony where they chopped up a radish. After the ceremony, they returned to their own places in a similar procession.
405:, the masked dance of Nava Durgā is held. Nava Durga means group of nine goddesses who are believed to protect the city from external harm. Nine shrines dedicated to the deities mark the city's perimeter.
514:
There was another pageant in which the merchants carried a huge demon mask. The parade was led by a few men dressed in women's clothes. The Paya ceremony was also celebrated in other towns in Tibet like
530:
In recent years, with
Nepalese migrating to various parts of the world to work or settle, they have been celebrating their festivals wherever they reside with community feasts and cultural programs.
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228:
The festival involves a packed itinerary of religious services, pilgrimages, family gatherings and outdoor celebrations lasting several days. Special dinners known as
Nakhtya (
398:, a village to the south of Kathmandu, on the seventh day of the fortnight. The festival consists of dance performances and religious rituals, and continues for five days.
420:
is also performed to remove obstacles in the city caused by bad spirits. Worshipping the eight goddesses is believed to bring good to the country and the people.
449:
used to be performed at Durbar Square and Asan as symbolic protection of the image of the goddess Taleju when it is brought out of her temple during Mohani.
438:
Asanbhalu Dyah Jātrā, also known as
Annapurna Jatra, is held on the 11th day of the fortnight. An image of the goddess Asanbhalu Ajimā, the patron deity of
360:
are opened to the public on this day only, and devotees visit the temple to offer worship to the goddess, who is also the tutelary deity of Nepal's
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474:
opponent's line with one's line are keenly watched. The kites are highly maneuverable, and are flown using a spindle. The line is coated with
1014:
524:
416:(eight mother goddesses) reenact the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahisasur. The performances were begun in the 17th century. The
391:
whose shrine is located at the southern part of the historic section of the city. The parade takes place on the fifth day of the fortnight.
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341:. Family members sit in a row for the feast with the eldest taking the place of honor at the top and the youngest at the bottom.
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271:, so the dates are changeable. The main celebrations last for four days from the 8th to the 11th days of the bright half of
847:
394:
The Sikāli Jātrā is a sacred masked dance festival which is held as part of the celebrations of Mohani. It takes place in
232:), to which all the relatives are invited, continue for weeks later. The festival is also dedicated to Taleju, the
118:, veneration of tools of the trade, religious rituals, sword processions, sacred masked dances, animal sacrifices, feasts
1056:
603:
461:(मालश्री धुन) is played and heard during this time. The joyous melody is one of the six seasonal tunes in traditional
39:
33:
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used to celebrate Mohani like in
Kathmandu, and they held the Paya procession on the 10th day of the fortnight. In
313:, literally the ninth great day, which is the name for the ninth day and the most important day of the festival.
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726:"Guardians of the Royal Goddess: Daitya and Kumar as the Protectors of Taleju Bhavani of Kathmandu"
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is held on the ninth day of the fortnight. A dance featuring a masked man riding a
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762:] (in Newari) (1st ed.). Kathmandu: Nepal Bhasa Academy. pp. 40–52.
976:
Bajracharya, Nhuchhe
Bahadur (2001). "A Tibetan Odyssey". In Lall, Kesar (ed.).
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renouncing arms in disgust after a particularly bloody battle and becoming a
605:
Mesocosm: Hinduism and the
Organization of a Traditional Newar City in Nepal
478:, a sticky paste mixed with powdered glass to help cut the opponent's line.
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Girls chop up an ash gourd symbolising the destruction of evil during Mohani
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The festival has been variously described as a celebration of
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The modern name of the festival, Mohani, is derived from the
427:, 9 km south of Kathmandu, a festive parade of Goddess
364:
kings of old. The day ends with another grand family feast.
221:, around late September and lasts for fifteen days till the
344:
The next day, known as Syākwa Tyākwa (स्याक्व त्याक्व), is
217:
and starts on the first day of the bright fortnight of
848:"The Tradition of the Nava Durga in Bhaktapur, Nepal"
667:
665:
506:, the participants holding swords paraded around the
724:
Hoek, Bert van den; Shrestha, Balgopal (July 1992).
329:
A week later, a family feast known as Kuchhi Bhoy (
138:
130:
122:
110:
102:
83:
383:The Pachali Bhairav Jātrā is a procession held in
709:Mitra, Kalyan (11 October 2013). "Mohani Nakha".
643:A Dictionary of Classical Newari (Kamal P. Malla)
367:The next day is Chālan (चालं), which occurs on
259:destroying the demon Chunda and Indian emperor
189:is annual religious festival celebrated by the
408:At a courtyard inside the old royal palace at
375:end with another family feast in the evening.
337:, the eighth day of the fortnight as per the
8:
1062:Observances set by the Nepal Sambat calendar
1009:. Kathmandu: Lijala & Tisa. p. 89.
882:. Asian Educational Services. p. 245.
91:
80:
435:is also shown, among other performances.
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
777:. Rupa & Company. pp. 156–163.
760:Festivals and Processions in Our Culture
688:. Rupa & Company. pp. 142–155.
489:
267:. Mohani is celebrated according to the
149:
32:This article includes a list of general
629:
537:
275:(कौला), the twelfth month in the lunar
754:Pradhan, Ishwar Man (2001). "Mohani".
548:Devotees at temple of Pachali Bhairav
205:, although Mohani celebrated by both
7:
671:
656:
635:
633:
494:Paya procession in Lhasa, ca. 1950s
608:. University of California Press.
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
201:, a Hindu festival celebrated in
799:"Sikali Jatra lights up Khokana"
756:Jheegu Tajilajii Nakhah Wa Jatra
554:
540:
23:
956:"Kite-Flying Heritage in Nepal"
333:) is held on the day of
213:. The festival is based on the
1005:Tuladhar, Kamal Ratna (2011).
826:"Nava Durga Dance - Bhaktapur"
412:, masked dancers representing
1:
640:Malla, Kamal Prakash (2000).
561:
547:
106:Nepalese Hindus and Buddhists
978:The Newar Merchants in Lhasa
1037:Buddhist festivals in Nepal
602:Levy, Robert Issac (1990).
387:to honor the deity Pachali
134:11th day of lunar fortnight
1078:
773:Anderson, Mary M. (2005).
684:Anderson, Mary M. (2005).
646:. Cvasa Pasa. p. 358.
486:Celebrations outside Nepal
126:1st day of lunar fortnight
154:Nalāswān or barley shoots
90:
1047:Hindu festivals in Nepal
562:Taleju Temple, Kathmandu
527:merchants and artisans.
912:"The Astamatrika Dance"
876:Wright, Daniel (1877).
358:Bhaktapur Durbar Square
350:Kathmandu Durbar Square
53:more precise citations.
16:Newar festival in Nepal
954:Tuladhar, Nirmal Man.
824:Manandhar, Jnan Kaji.
775:The Festivals of Nepal
686:The Festivals of Nepal
495:
155:
1052:September observances
933:"The Himalayan Times"
910:Shakya, Min Bahadur.
498:Newar expatriates in
493:
197:. It is analogous to
153:
982:Ratna Pustak Bhandar
846:Teilhet, Jehanne H.
1057:October observances
453:Music of the season
447:Kumha Pyakhan dance
354:Patan Durbar Square
331:𑐎𑐹𑐕𑐶 𑐨𑑂𑐰𑐫𑑂
297:Gautama Vajracharya
803:The Kathmandu Post
496:
418:Asta Matrika Dance
251:slaying the demon
156:
1016:978-99946-58-91-6
805:. 11 October 2013
523:where there were
303:derives from the
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935:. 8 October 2013
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324:tutelary deity
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269:lunar calendar
230:𑐣𑐏𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐫𑐵
215:lunar calendar
169:; from
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414:Asta Matrikā
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242:
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191:Newar people
186:
182:
178:
167:𑐩𑑀𑐴𑑂𑐣𑐷
158:
157:
84:
65:
56:
37:
525:Lhasa Newar
482:ancestors.
469:Kite flying
463:Newar music
445:The sacred
433:hobby horse
299:, the word
238:Malla kings
163:Nepal Bhasa
114:Worship of
111:Observances
51:introducing
1031:Categories
831:23 October
809:11 October
591:References
585:Durga Puja
429:Manakamana
310:Mahanavami
279:calendar.
255:, Goddess
203:South Asia
34:references
961:4 October
939:8 October
917:5 October
895:5 October
861:5 October
739:4 October
672:Levy 1990
657:Levy 1990
624:Citations
403:Bhaktapur
385:Kathmandu
283:Etymology
277:Nepal Era
253:Mahisasur
223:full moon
211:Buddhists
177:,
569:See also
517:Shigatse
305:Sanskrit
265:Buddhist
257:Chamunda
247:Goddess
175:𑐩𑐴𑐣𑐷
855:Kailash
534:Gallery
521:Gyantse
508:Barkhor
396:Khokana
389:Bhairav
369:Dashami
335:Ashtami
293:mahani.
236:of the
199:Dashain
47:improve
1013:
988:
886:
781:
692:
612:
575:Dasain
346:Navami
301:mahani
291:word,
261:Ashoka
207:Hindus
179:mahani
159:Mohani
143:Dasain
123:Begins
36:, but
851:(PDF)
758:[
729:(PDF)
504:Lhasa
500:Tibet
425:Bunga
410:Patan
362:Malla
307:word
273:Kaulā
249:Durga
245:Hindu
219:Kaula
195:Nepal
187:Mohni
85:Mohni
1011:ISBN
986:ISBN
963:2013
941:2013
919:2013
897:2013
884:ISBN
863:2013
833:2013
811:2013
779:ISBN
741:2013
690:ISBN
610:ISBN
519:and
476:mājā
457:The
356:and
209:and
183:Moni
131:Ends
423:In
401:In
193:of
185:or
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