532:
active manner up to a short time before his death, and his health and mental faculties remained unimpaired almost to the last. His father fought under
General Monroe in the County Down in the early part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. He was made prisoner and executed from the back of a cart and his homestead burned by the British. The children were stolen away to this county by their uncle priest, and arrived in this county while the Battle of Ballinamuck was raging. The old man who has just passed away was of a very discoursive nature and had a clear and vivid recollection of the thrilling period referred to, and many people in recent years found in him a special source of interest as an eye-witness of many dramatic events during and after the period of the Irish Rebellion which he used to relate in his usual kindly Irish style. He was always an industrious and hard-working farmer and a heavy smoker almost to the last.
461:
head is rather narrower than usual; a portion of each stem and both brow antlers are perfect. The palm of the brow antler is seven inches across ; there is some irre gularity in the crown of the left beam, as if from exuberant growth; a small tit-like projection, apparently the commencement of a third horn, springs from the bone beneath the base of the beam on this side. The colour of the whole is very dark, but both the bone and horn are in a fine state of preservation; it is heavier than any of the other specimens held by the
1256:
367:
444:
64:
460:
was "found in the parish of Cloone, barony of Mohill, county of
Leitrim. This head was in the possession of a labourer, who said he found it in the river, under the village of Cloone. A very perfect, large head, measuring, from the occipital crest at top to the end of the mouth bone, 22 inches. The
531:
The death of a centenarian is an incident of rare occurrence whenever it takes place. On
Thursday evening last all that was mortal of Mr. Bernard Killrain of Towneymore, who attained the remarkable age of 113 years was laid to rest in the Mohill Churchyard. Deceased was moving about in his usually
296:. The long narrow sword blade, of the leaf-shape style, measures 39 centimetres (15.4 in) long by 2.5 centimetres (1.0 in) width, imperfect at both extremities, with four rivet-holes on the hand-plate.
1217:
1077:
Beiner, Guy (2003). "Mapping the 'Year of the French': The
Vernacular Landscape of Folk Memory Landscape of Folk Memory". In Caldicott, C. E. J.; Fuchs, Anne (eds.).
1647:
288:
A medieval sword was found buried 0.6 metres (1 ft 11.6 in) deep in hard clay and gravel in the Black river running through the
Clooncumber
1184:
1683:
1657:
1678:
1637:
1107:
1652:
529:
names "Bernard
Killbrain" at Cloone in Mohill, but the obituary in the Leitrim Observer on 6 September 1900, names Bernard Kilrane-
226:
1055:
1642:
908:
222:
1088:
904:
891:
428:
315:. This bolt or arrow head measures 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long, with the length of the socket as long as the blade.
957:. Vol. The South Wales Daily Post, 1889-1910 (2, 700 issues). Swansea: William Llewellyn Williams. 4 September 1900.
1177:
778:
Annála
Rioghachta Éireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters ... with a Translation and Copious Notes
1459:
772:
776:
266:
1332:
875:
327:
71:
876:"'Index of Persons and Places: M, N, O', in Calendar of Papal Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland"
1362:
1255:
1170:
432:
376:
339:
178:
1322:
1142:
1014:
1126:
1134:
1588:
218:
83:
366:
1608:
1593:
1539:
782:
462:
304:
299:
A medieval spear-head was found buried 0.6 metres (1 ft 11.6 in) deep in gravel, between
278:
146:
95:
76:
1565:
1560:
1509:
1464:
1230:
1208:
1040:
974:
962:
950:
899:. Vol. I. Shannon: Irish University Press, for the Catholic Record Society of Ireland. 1912.
343:
1572:
1484:
1103:
1084:
443:
435:, and was imprisoned and martyred afterwards. Tom Coughlan compiled his unverified biography.
381:
234:
836:
1598:
1555:
1469:
791:
238:
138:
54:
938:
1688:
1603:
981:. Vol. 1872-1900 (8, 248 issues). Cardiff: David Duncan & Sons. 5 September 1900.
230:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
169:, "soft or spongy ground") village. Historically a variety of corrupted names were used-
1489:
1449:
1428:
1194:
1031:
Wilde, W. R. (1857a). "On the
Unmanufactured Animal Remains Belonging to the Academy".
385:
312:
293:
254:
202:
186:
170:
162:
142:
126:
100:
1672:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1403:
1240:
1057:
A descriptive catalogue of the antiquities … in the Museum of the Royal Irish academy
404:
250:
134:
1524:
1474:
1454:
1357:
1352:
1337:
1272:
214:
206:
1078:
1001:
986:
1479:
1444:
1418:
1367:
1282:
1225:
1203:
335:
17:
1624:
1534:
1529:
1494:
1408:
1312:
1235:
760:
331:
300:
225:(both the preceding baronies are also in County Leitrim); to the southeast by
210:
63:
1413:
1382:
1377:
1327:
1297:
855:. Department of Arts, Heritage, Regional, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs. 2008.
767:(online ed.). University College Cork. pp. U536.3, U539.1, U545.1.
457:
1162:
1150:
907:(1864). O'Donovan, Michael; Reeves, William; Todd, James Henthorn (eds.).
1398:
1347:
1342:
1307:
355:
289:
88:
1100:
Remembering the Year of the French: Irish Folk
History and Social Memory
1045:
1423:
1317:
1277:
1372:
1302:
1287:
1245:
910:
The martyrology of
Donegal : a calendar of the saints of Ireland
630:
628:
626:
624:
492:
487:
482:
477:
416:
408:
308:
282:
158:
787:
1292:
916:. Dublin: A. Thom, for the Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society
567:
442:
365:
848:
447:
Illustration of a skull of an Irish Elk from Chapelizod in Dublin
1102:(illustrated, reprint ed.). University of Wisconsin Press.
1166:
415:. A telegram reporting his death was sent to news outlets from
1254:
1080:
Cultural Memory: Eassays on European Literature and History
945:(special ed.). Walter Alfred Pearce. 5 September 1900.
781:. 7 vols. Translated by O'Donovan (2nd ed.). Dublin:
969:. Vol. 1869-1900 (8, 520 issues). 5 September 1900.
551:
549:
175:
Maethail, Maothail, Maothail-Manchan, Maethail-Manachain
670:
269:
devastated the population of Mohill barony and parish.
1063:. Vol. 1, part 2. Dublin: Hodges, Smith & Co.
706:
682:
878:. London: British History Online. pp. 1081–1145
277:The following are preserved in a collection at the
253:. After the 9th century the Reynolds (MacRannall or
1617:
1581:
1548:
1437:
1391:
1265:
1216:
111:
106:
94:
82:
70:
37:
987:"Death of a Centranrian, Mohill, Leitrim, Tuesday"
893:Archivium hibernicum; or, Irish historical records
718:
473:Below is a list of settlements in Mohill barony:
730:
694:
1151:"Plague burial townland's in AirgĂalla (query)"
1648:Category:Mountains and hills of County Leitrim
1178:
759:Bambury, Pádraig; Beechinor, Stephen (2000).
8:
456:In the 19th Century the skull of an ancient
1185:
1171:
1163:
34:
1044:
975:"Centenarians, A remarkable Irish Record"
939:"A Mohill, county Leitrim telegram says"
634:
853:Logainm: Placenames Database of Ireland
579:
568:Catholic Record Society of Ireland 1912
555:
545:
514:
397:Bernard Killain, or Kilrane (1789-1900)
105:
69:
60:
1143:"Tamlaghtavally Townland, Co. Leitrim"
1033:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
1008:. Rochester, New York. 6 October 1900.
742:
658:
646:
615:
603:
115:254.56 km (98.29 sq mi)
1127:"Tamlaght More Townland, Co. Leitrim"
1002:"Our Irish Letter, Connacht, Leitrim"
591:
326:, according to tradition recorded by
217:. It is bordered to the northeast by
110:
93:
81:
7:
1658:Category:Geography of County Leitrim
1135:"Tamlaght Beg Townland, Co. Leitrim"
354:, is still pointed out at Breanross
1638:List of townlands in County Leitrim
183:Moithla, Moethla, Maethla, Maothail
157:Mohill barony shares its name with
249:This place was historically named
25:
1653:Category:Rivers of County Leitrim
257:) were chiefs of this territory.
27:Barony in County Leitrim, Ireland
1643:Category:Lakes of County Leitrim
1083:. Peter Lang. pp. 191–208.
765:CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
62:
521:The telegram from Mohill named
424: Tuesday 4 September 1900
351: Friday, 7 September 1798
1684:Places of Conmaicne Maigh Rein
837:"The Baronies of Ireland, L-M"
427:. His father had fought under
1:
420:
347:
265:Back in the 6th century, the
671:Cardiff Evening Express 1900
707:South Wales Daily News 1900
683:South Wales Daily Post 1900
637:, pp. Bernard Kilrane.
370:The Cloonmorris Ogham Stone
32:Barony in Connacht, Ireland
1705:
1679:Baronies of County Leitrim
993:. Cork. 15 September 1900.
267:Justinian plague of Mohill
233:; and to the southwest by
1633:
1252:
1201:
328:Irish Folklore Commission
201:Mohill is found in south
61:
52:
405:oldest recorded Irishman
996:(subscription required)
943:Cardiff Evening Express
433:Irish Rebellion of 1798
377:Cloonmorris Ogham stone
362:Cloonmorris Ogham stone
182:
1259:
1054:Wilde, W. R. (1857b).
1039:(1857–1861): 181–212.
1013:Coughlan, Tom (2016).
979:South Wales Daily News
955:South Wales Daily Post
835:Walsh, Dennis (2003).
761:"The Annals of Ulster"
719:Skibberreen Eagle 1900
448:
371:
324:Breanross hanging tree
319:Breanross hanging tree
221:; to the northwest by
190:
174:
166:
130:
1258:
874:Twemlow, J A (1955).
731:Catholic Journal 1900
695:The Western Mail 1900
582:, pp. 1081–1145.
446:
382:Ogham inscribed stone
380:is the only recorded
369:
251:ConmhaĂcne Maigh RĂ©in
135:ConmhaĂcne Maigh RĂ©in
1098:Beiner, Guy (2007).
661:, pp. 216, 227.
649:, pp. 202, n23.
499:Notes and references
340:Irish rebels of 1798
292:, in Cloone parish,
905:Ă“ ClĂ©irigh, MĂcheál
783:Royal Irish Academy
469:List of settlements
465:museum in Dublin."
463:Royal Irish Academy
409:Tawnymore in Cloone
279:Royal Irish Academy
1566:Truskmore SE Cairn
1510:Keshcarrigan Lough
1465:Carrickaport Lough
1260:
1231:Carrick-on-Shannon
1209:Carrick-on-Shannon
849:"Mohill, Maothail"
527:Griffins Valuation
449:
372:
338:'s tree, on which
112: • Total
1666:
1665:
1573:Sliabh an Iarainn
1485:Drumaleague Lough
1015:"Bernard Kilrane"
991:Skibberreen Eagle
862:Secondary sources
235:Ballintober North
119:
118:
47:
16:(Redirected from
1696:
1556:Dartry Mountains
1540:St. John's Lough
1470:Castlefore Lough
1187:
1180:
1173:
1164:
1158:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1113:
1094:
1064:
1062:
1050:
1048:
1018:
1009:
1006:Catholic Journal
997:
994:
982:
970:
967:The Western Mail
958:
946:
925:
923:
921:
915:
900:
898:
887:
885:
883:
856:
844:
792:Internet Archive
790:. Full scans at
786:
768:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
534:
519:
426:
425:
422:
414:
402:
353:
352:
349:
273:Museum artefacts
239:County Roscommon
191:Mathail, Nouella
137:) is an ancient
66:
42:
35:
21:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1629:
1613:
1577:
1544:
1433:
1387:
1261:
1250:
1212:
1197:
1191:
1161:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1097:
1091:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1000:
995:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
933:
931:Oldest Irishman
928:
919:
917:
913:
903:
896:
890:
881:
879:
873:
869:
864:
859:
847:
834:
830:
828:Primary sources
825:
773:O'Donovan, John
771:
758:
754:
749:
745:, pp. 197.
741:
737:
729:
725:
717:
713:
705:
701:
693:
689:
681:
677:
669:
665:
657:
653:
645:
641:
633:
622:
618:, pp. 514.
614:
610:
606:, pp. 470.
602:
598:
590:
586:
578:
574:
570:, pp. 345.
566:
562:
558:, pp. 136.
554:
547:
543:
538:
537:
523:Bernard Killain
520:
516:
511:
506:
501:
471:
454:
441:
439:Natural history
423:
419:
412:
400:
394:
392:Oldest Irishman
364:
350:
346:
321:
275:
263:
247:
231:County Longford
199:
155:
133:, historically
57:
48:
40:
33:
28:
23:
22:
18:Mohill (barony)
15:
12:
11:
5:
1702:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1490:Garadice Lough
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Belhavel Lough
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1429:Fivemilebourne
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:County Leitrim
1192:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1119:External links
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:978-0299218249
1108:
1095:
1089:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1027:
1025:
1024:Archaeological
1022:
1020:
1019:
1010:
998:
983:
971:
963:"Death at 111"
959:
951:"Dead at Last"
947:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:
901:
888:
870:
868:
867:Ecclesiastical
865:
863:
860:
858:
857:
845:
831:
829:
826:
824:
823:
775:, ed. (1856).
769:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:
735:
733:, pp. 10.
723:
711:
699:
687:
675:
663:
651:
639:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
560:
544:
542:
539:
536:
535:
524:
513:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
490:
485:
480:
470:
467:
453:
450:
440:
437:
413:29 August 1900
398:
393:
390:
386:county Leitrim
384:discovered in
379:
363:
360:
325:
320:
317:
313:county Leitrim
294:county Leitrim
274:
271:
262:
259:
255:Muintir Eolais
246:
243:
213:and bordering
203:County Leitrim
198:
195:
179:Middle English
154:
151:
143:County Leitrim
121:The barony of
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
86:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
59:
58:
53:
50:
49:
41:
38:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1701:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Lough Marrave
1518:
1516:
1515:Lough MacNean
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Glencar Lough
1503:
1501:
1500:Glenade Lough
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Cloonsheebane
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Manorhamilton
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:
930:
912:
911:
906:
902:
895:
894:
889:
877:
872:
871:
866:
861:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
832:
827:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:CELT editions
784:
780:
779:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
756:
751:
744:
739:
736:
732:
727:
724:
721:, pp. 2.
720:
715:
712:
709:, pp. 3.
708:
703:
700:
697:, pp. 6.
696:
691:
688:
685:, pp. 3.
684:
679:
676:
673:, pp. 2.
672:
667:
664:
660:
655:
652:
648:
643:
640:
636:
635:Coughlan 2016
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
609:
605:
600:
597:
593:
588:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
564:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
540:
533:
528:
522:
518:
515:
508:
503:
498:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
474:
468:
466:
464:
459:
451:
445:
438:
436:
434:
430:
429:General Munro
418:
410:
406:
396:
391:
389:
387:
383:
378:
375:
368:
361:
359:
357:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
323:
318:
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:Lough Sallagh
302:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
272:
270:
268:
260:
258:
256:
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:, containing
208:
204:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
114:
102:
99:
97:
90:
87:
85:
78:
75:
73:
65:
56:
51:
45:
36:
30:
19:
1525:Lough Melvin
1475:Lough Conway
1455:Lough Boderg
1358:Largydonnell
1353:Kiltyclogher
1338:Keshcarrigan
1273:Ballinaglera
1207:
1155:Townlands.ie
1154:
1099:
1079:
1056:
1036:
1032:
1005:
990:
978:
966:
954:
942:
918:. Retrieved
909:
892:
880:. Retrieved
852:
840:
777:
764:
752:Irish annals
738:
726:
714:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
611:
599:
587:
580:Twemlow 1955
575:
563:
556:Logainm 2008
530:
526:
517:
509:Mohill notes
504:Plague notes
472:
455:
395:
373:
322:
298:
287:
276:
264:
248:
215:Lough Boderg
207:Cloone River
200:
156:
122:
120:
43:
29:
1589:Carrigallen
1480:Lough Corry
1460:Lough Bofin
1445:Lough Allen
1419:Eslinbridge
1368:Newtowngore
1283:Carrigallen
1226:Ballinamore
1204:County town
882:12 November
843:. Ancestry.
743:Wilde 1857a
659:Beiner 2007
647:Beiner 2003
616:Wilde 1857b
604:Wilde 1857b
407:, dying at
403:may be the
219:Carrigallen
1673:Categories
1625:Bornacoola
1609:Rosclogher
1594:Drumahaire
1535:Lough Scur
1530:Rinn Lough
1495:Lough Gill
1409:Dristernan
1313:Drumkeeran
1236:Drumshanbo
1193:Places in
1090:303910053X
592:Walsh 2003
301:Rinn Lough
281:museum in
211:Lough Rynn
1561:Tievebaun
1549:Mountains
1414:Effrinagh
1392:Townlands
1383:Tullaghan
1378:Rossinver
1333:Jamestown
1328:Glenfarne
1298:Dromahair
1070:Rebellion
920:1 October
541:Citations
458:Irish elk
452:Irish elk
401:111 years
330:, is the
205:, on the
153:Etymology
1618:Parishes
1582:Baronies
1399:Aghamore
1348:Killarga
1343:Kinlough
1308:Drumcong
1266:Villages
1046:20489862
841:RootsWeb
356:townland
344:executed
290:townland
227:Longford
197:Location
167:Maothail
131:Maothail
89:Connacht
84:Province
44:Maothail
1599:Leitrim
1424:Gorvagh
1363:Leitrim
1318:Drumsna
1278:Buckode
820:Indices
431:in the
336:hangman
307:, near
245:History
223:Leitrim
147:Ireland
101:Leitrim
77:Ireland
72:Country
46:(Irish)
1689:Mohill
1604:Mohill
1373:Roosky
1323:Fenagh
1303:Dromod
1288:Cloone
1246:Mohill
1106:
1087:
1043:
816:Vol. 6
812:Vol. 5
808:Vol. 4
804:Vol. 3
800:Vol. 2
796:Vol. 1
493:Roosky
488:Dromod
483:Mohill
478:Cloone
417:Mohill
309:Mohill
283:Dublin
261:Plague
185:, and
159:Mohill
139:barony
123:Mohill
96:County
55:Barony
39:Mohill
1438:Lakes
1293:Dowra
1218:Towns
1061:(PDF)
1041:JSTOR
914:(PDF)
897:(PDF)
399:aged
342:were
334:of a
332:stump
187:Latin
171:Irish
163:Irish
127:Irish
1104:ISBN
1085:ISBN
922:2016
884:2016
374:The
303:and
107:Area
411:on
311:in
141:in
1675::
1206::
1153:.
1035:.
1004:.
989:.
977:.
965:.
953:.
941:.
851:.
839:.
818:;
814:;
810:;
806:;
802:;
798:;
794::
763:.
623:^
548:^
525:,
421:c.
388:.
358:.
348:c.
285:.
241:.
237:,
229:,
193:.
189::
181::
177:,
173::
165::
149:.
145:,
129::
1186:e
1179:t
1172:v
1157:.
1145:.
1137:.
1129:.
1112:.
1093:.
1049:.
1037:7
1017:.
924:.
886:.
822:.
785:.
594:.
161:(
125:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.