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has also acted as a developer, establishing hotels and related amenities for resort tourists on their property. The local indigenous community fought for many decades to inhibit the development by
Molokai Ranch in order to preserve their community and unique way of life. In some cases, protests have
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as the sites of a leper colony that operated from 1866 to 1969. Because
Kalaupapa had a better climate and sea access, it developed as the main community. A research hospital was developed at Kalawao. The population of these settlements reached a peak of 1,100 shortly after the beginning of the 20th
1114:
The island can be traversed by a two-lane highway running east to west (highways 450 and 460). Highway 470 is a spur up to the barrier mountains of
Kalawao County and the Kalaupapa peninsula. By land this area (Kalaupapa) can only be reached by a hiking trail. Mule rides on the trail were suspended
973:
The tourism industry on
Molokai is relatively small, compared to the other islands in Hawaiʻi. Only 64,767 tourists visited Molokai in 2015. For decades, residents of Molokai have resisted private developers' attempts to increase tourism because of the irreparable changes to community and culture
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Due to the fight against development and tourism, Molokai has Hawaii's highest unemployment rate. The residents have fought hard to maintain a lifestyle based on indigenous subsistence practices. This lifestyle is not without challenges, however, and many live below the federal poverty line. One
928:
In 2007, community residents organized the "Save Laʻau Point" movement to oppose
Molokai Ranch's attempt to expand its resort operation. As a result, on March 24, 2008, Molokai Ranch, then the island's largest employer, decided to shut down all resort operations, including hotels, movie theater,
825:
In total over the decades, more than 8,500 men, women and children living throughout the
Hawaiian islands and diagnosed with leprosy were exiled to the colony by the Hawaiian government and legally declared dead. This public health measure was continued after the Kingdom became a U.S. territory.
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The island contains many parks and other protected areas, but most parks do not have service staff, potable water, or restroom facilities. Parks within the Maui County parks jurisdiction include Palaʻau State Park, Kiowea Beach Park, Kakahaiʻa
National Wildlife Refuge, Molokaʻi Forest Reserve,
701:. However, a 2010 study using revised, high-precision radiocarbon dating based on more reliable samples has established that the period of eastern Polynesian colonization of the Marquesas Islands took place much later, in a shorter time frame of two waves: the "earliest in the Society Islands
543:
Molokai is split into two main geographical areas. The low western half is very dry and the soil is heavily denuded due to poor land management practices, which allowed over-grazing by deer and goats. It lacks significant ground cover and virtually the entire section is covered in non-native
911:
In 1969, the century-old laws of forced quarantine were abolished. Former patients living in
Kalaupapa today have chosen to remain here, most for the rest of their lives. In the 21st century, there are no persons on the island with active cases of leprosy, which has been controlled through
349:
production and small-scale farming. Tourism comprises a small fraction of the island's economy, and much of the infrastructure related to tourism was closed and barricaded in the early 2000s when the primary landowner, Molokai Ranch, ceased operations due to substantial revenue losses. In
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restaurants, and golf course, and dismiss 120 workers. In
September 2017 the company that owns Molokai Ranch, Singapore-based Guoco Leisure Ltd, put this 55,575 acres (22,490 ha) property, encompassing 35% of the island of Molokai, on the market for $ 260 million.
1917:
1569:
This island name is often mispronounced without an ʻokina, but we know from listening to many kūpuna (or elders) recorded from the 1950s to 1970s, who were native speakers from Molokaʻi, that the name did indeed have an ʻokina in
447:, is what remains of the southern half of the original mountain. The northern half suffered a catastrophic collapse about 1.5 million years ago and now lies as a debris field scattered northward across the bottom of the
869:
in 1883, came to
Molokai in 1886 to help Pater Damiaan and the rest of the population who suffered from leprosy. Pater Damiaan died at Kalaupapa in 1889 while Joseph Dutton died in Honolulu in 1931 at the age of 87.
925:
become violent, such as fence cutting, poisoning of the Ranch's exotic African Safari animals in 1994, an arson attack in Kaupoa in 1995, and the destruction of 5 mi (8.0 km) of Ranch water pipes in 1996.
314:. It is 38 by 10 miles (61 by 16 km) at its greatest length and width with a usable land area of 260 sq mi (673.40 km), making it the fifth-largest in size of the main Hawaiian Islands and the
998:
around the world. Molokai ranked 10th among the 111 destination locales. The survey cited Molokai's undeveloped tropical landscape, environmental stewardship, and rich, deep Hawaiian traditions (the island's
1050:
Harbor, Maui closed operations on October 27, 2016. Sea Link President and Senior Capt. Dave Jung attributed the closure to competition from federally subsidized commuter air travel and declining ridership.
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rising up to an elevation of 4,900 ft (1,500 m) on Kamakou peak and includes the 2,774 acres (11.23 km; 4.334 sq mi) Molokai Forest Reserve. The eastern half is covered with lush
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Pelekunu Preserve, George Murphy Beach Park, Hālawa Beach Park, and Papohaku Beach Park (with a 3 mi (4.8 km) beach) in the portion within Maui County. Today Kalawao County is preserved by the
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The island is known under several names by the local population: Molokaʻi ʻĀina Momona (land of abundance), Molokaʻi Pule Oʻo (powerful prayer), and Molokaʻi Nui A Hina (of the goddess Hina).
2245:
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The island of Molokai is served by Molokaʻi General Hospital, which operates all day, every day. It is also serviced by Molokai Community Health Center and Molokai Family Health Center.
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that are associated with a tourism industry. Accommodations are limited; as of 2014, only one hotel was open on the island. Most tourists find lodgings at rental condos and houses.
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of the British Royal Navy in 1786. The first significant European influence came in 1832 when a Protestant mission was established at Kaluaʻaha on the East End of the island by the
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Molokai can be reached by plane. Planes fly into Molokaʻi daily from other Hawaiian islands including Oʻahu (Honolulu and Kalaeloa), Maui (Kahului) and Hawaii (Kona), operated by
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now preserves this entire county and area. Several other islands are visible from the shores of Molokai, including Oahu from the west shores; Lanai from the south shores, and
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397:(with) have long been used by native speakers of Hawaiian, and there is debate as to which is the original form, with conflicting claims as to which the elders used. The
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3770:
802:, as well as leprosy. Sugar planters were worried about the effects on their labor force and pressured the government to take action to control the spread of leprosy.
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set up a country estate on the island, which was managed by Meyer and became what is now the Molokai Ranch. In the late 1800s, Kamehameha V built a vacation home in
2779:
631:) roam native forests, destroying native plants, expanding spreading invasive plants through disturbance and distribution of their seeds, and threatening endemic
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has been used for leprosy since 1945. Modern Multidrug therapy (MDT) remains highly effective, and people are no longer infectious after the first monthly dose.
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315:
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for their charitable work and devotion to sufferers of leprosy. In December 2015, the cause of Joseph Dutton was formally opened, obtaining him the title
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population of these was 7,345, living on a land area of 260.02 sq mi (673.45 km). Molokai is separated from Oahu to the northwest by the
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1025–1120, four centuries later than previously assumed; then after 70–265 years, dispersal continued in one major pulse to all remaining islands
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diseases introduced to the Hawaiian islands by traders, sailors, workers and others who lived in societies where these diseases were
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in 2018 when the trail temporarily closed due to a landslide and bridge damage. Most access to the Kalaupapa peninsula is by sea.
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magazine and the National Geographic Center for Sustainable Destinations conduct annual Destination Scorecard surveys, aided by
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878:, brought six of her Sisters to work in Hawaiʻi with leprosy sufferers in the late 19th century, also serving on Molokai.
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Exile in Paradise, the isolation of Hawaii's leprosy victims and development of Kalaupapa settlement, 1865 to the present
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that get more than 300 in (7,600 mm) of rain per year. The high-elevation forests are populated by native
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1753:"Quantitative morphology of a fringing reef tract from high-resolution laser bathymetry: Southern Molokaʻi, Hawaii"
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The island public school system includes four elementary schools, one charter school, one middle school, and one
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1211:, popular Hawaiian attorney and politician, who served as superintendent at Kalaupapa for four years (1874–1878)
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1217:, physician to the leper settlement in Molokai, Hawaii, from 1884 to 1887. He explained how leprosy was spread.
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medication, but some former patients chose to continue to live in the settlement after its official closure.
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The legislature passed a control act requiring quarantine of people with leprosy. The government established
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Below 4,000 ft (1,200 m), the vegetation is dominated by introduced and invasive flora, including
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Patients were not allowed to leave the settlement nor have visitors and had to live out their days here.
592:. Much of the summit area is protected by the Nature Conservancy's Kamakou and Pelekunu valley preserves.
563:
501:, Census Tract 317 and Census Tract 318 of Maui County and Census Tract 319 of Kalawao County. The total
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3959:
3866:
3658:
3537:
3444:
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2244:
Wermager, Paul; Carl, Heltzel (1 February 2007). Heltzel, Carl; Tinnesand, Michael; et al. (eds.).
1281:
1202:
745:
2204:
1913:"High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia"
1752:
66:
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served as a physician to the leper settlement from 1884 to 1887. He explained how leprosy was spread.
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1171:
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2307:"A tribute to Alice Bell: A Scientist whose Work with Leprosy was Overshadowed by a White Successor"
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on the north coast, settlements were established in 1866 for quarantined treatment of persons with
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2336:
Zhu YI, Stiller MJ (September 2001). "Dapsone and sulfones in dermatology: overview and update".
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783:
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2154:. Kalaupapa Historical Park. Molokai, Hawaii: National Park Service. p. 11. Archived from
1972:
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1936:
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In the 1920s, people confined in the leper colony were treated with a new method devised by
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1710:
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1322:
1006:
744:. The first farmer on Molokai to grow, produce and mill sugar and coffee commercially was
665:
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487:
4771:
2018:
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located on the isolated Kalaupapa peninsula on the northern side of Molokai, followed by
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3156:
439:
on East Molokai, at 4,970 ft (1,510 m). Today, East Molokai volcano, like the
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2434:
Kalaupapa National Historical Park – Hansen's Disease Patients at Kalawao and Kalaupapa
2099:
Human Inoculation Experiments in Hawaii Including Notes On Those of Arning and Of Fitch
1941:
1912:
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886:
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514:
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recorded sighting Molokai in 1778, the first European sailor to visit the island was
456:
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311:
168:
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1076:. There is also a community college. The island has one private middle/high school.
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1220:
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1838:
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2459:"Why Molokaʻi, With All Its Wonders, Is the Least Developed of Hawai'i's Islands"
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1378:
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served as a missionary for 16 years in the communities of sufferers of leprosy.
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and ordered the planting of over 1,000 coconut trees in Kapuaiwa Coconut Grove.
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554:) trees. One of the few natural areas remaining almost intact are the coastal
3141:
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2268:
1911:
Janet M. Wilmshurst; Terry L. Hunt; Carl P. Lipo; Atholl J. Anderson (2011).
748:, an immigrant from Germany who arrived in 1850. He built the first and only
105:
92:
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4497:
4347:
4336:
4326:
4320:
3562:
3487:
3072:
2447:)." U.S. National Park Service – Experience Your America. Web. 19 Nov. 2009.
2423:)." U.S. National Park Service – Experience Your America. Web. 19 Nov. 2009.
2349:
1931:
1806:
Census Tracts 317 and 318, Maui County; and Census Tract 319, Kalawao County
818:
611:
532:
521:
479:
452:
346:
342:
341:
The island's agrarian economy has been driven primarily by cattle ranching,
193:
4361:
2357:
2276:
1950:
1422:
965:
386:
861:, who served in the 13th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the
786:
to the new diseases, they suffered high rates of infection and death from
470:, except for the Kalaupapa Peninsula, which is separately administered as
409:
306:) is the fifth most populated of the eight major islands that make up the
4201:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3857:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3600:
3221:
2559:"Molokai Ranch: A year after closure, times are hard but spirit is alive"
1299:
1275:
1269:
938:
787:
650:
636:
2754:
2098:
937:. As of 2014, the largest industry on the island is seed production for
17:
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905:
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814:
795:
791:
779:
775:
771:
570:
435:
414:
359:
154:
2823:
1998:
724:, Kalaupapa Peninsula, northern shore of Molokai. It is listed on the
693:
It used to be thought that Molokai was first settled around AD 650 by
685:. Molokai is home to a wingless fly among many other endemic insects.
653:
plant and animal species. However, many of its species, including the
4487:
4410:
3552:
3512:
3412:
3407:
3276:
3211:
3171:
3083:
1123:
Maui Economic Opportunity operates public transportation on Molokai.
991:
755:
Ranching began on Molokai in the first half of the 19th century when
710:
632:
616:
463:
72:
2592:
Pacific Business News, 7 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
2219:"Bishop Silva moves forward with Joseph Dutton's canonization cause"
2074:
904:
were developed and provided a more effective treatment. Antibiotic
51:
4512:
4368:
4354:
3572:
3497:
3492:
3179:
3166:
2606:"Molokai has the Most to Lose but the Least Say in the GMO Debate"
1083:
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990:
and destination stewardship reviewed 111 selected human-inhabited
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834:
804:
715:
531:
475:
459:
in the U.S. and its holdings—nearly 25 mi (40 km) long.
408:
331:
3825:
2410:
Kalaupapa National Historical Park – A Brief History of Kalaupapa
2119:
A Wholesome Horror: The Stigmas of Leprosy in 19th Century Hawaii
1302:, High Chieftess and Queen Regent of Molokaʻi in the 18th century
4416:
4374:
3517:
3502:
3037:
Ancient Hawaiian Fishponds: Can Restoration Succeed on Molokaʻi?
3025:
2519:
Honolulu Advertiser, 26 March 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
1098:
1025:
1018:
1014:
588:) trees and an extremely diverse endemic flora and fauna in the
555:
451:. What remains of the volcano on the island include the highest
444:
398:
367:
319:
4234:
3890:
3752:
3183:
2498:
Hawai'i Free Press, 22 March 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
1370:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii#Molokai
4114:
3122:
Starbird, Ethel A. (August 1981). "Molokai—Forgotten Hawaii".
946:
3097:
The Colony: The Harrowing True Story of the Exiles of Molokai
4450:
4113:
3824:
1854:"Lawmakers working to manage deer population in Maui County"
969:
Sign greeting visitors to Molokai at exit to Molokai Airport
455:
in the world. The south shore of Molokai boasts the longest
2848:
282:
273:
267:
2978:
The Island Edge of America: A Political History of Hawai'i
482:
in addition to Molokai. The largest town on the island is
2700:
2488:
Molokai Ranch: Protesters to Cash in with Takeover Plan?
2921:"Transportation Services, Schedules & Applications"
1398:"Molokai Shows Population Decline Over the Past Decade"
539:
Beach Park, located at the extreme east end of Molokai
279:
261:
2246:"Alice A. Ball: Young Chemist Gave Hope to Millions"
1205:, politician and agricultural businessman in Hawaiʻi
270:
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4125:
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3793:
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3649:
3586:
3526:
3473:
3370:
3230:
1825:Kempe, Stephan; Kazmierczak, Józef (January 2011).
1741:
Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawaii.
1147:, Catholic missionary who worked with Father Damien
855:
Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
276:
264:
242:
234:
226:
221:
211:
199:
189:
160:
150:
142:
129:
121:
84:
79:
42:
2650:Tourtellot, Jonathan B. (November–December 2007).
2145:Greene, Linda W. (1985). "III Leprosy in Hawaii".
881:Both Father Damiaan and Mother Marianne have been
2809:Honolulu Star Advertiser. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
2640:Hawaii Tourism Authority. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
1046:A ferry that formerly sailed between Molokai and
486:, which is one of two small ports on the island.
2132:. Volume 30 Number 3/4. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
2113:
2111:
1024:Molokai is believed to be the birthplace of the
883:canonized as Saints by the Roman Catholic Church
3128:. Vol. 160, no. 2. pp. 188–219.
2582:Hawaii's Molokai Ranch on the market for $ 260M
2140:
2138:
3167:Official Molokaʻi Visitors Association website
2951:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 89–92.
2338:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1621:"What's in a Name? Is it Molokai OR Molokaʻi?"
876:Sisters of Saint Francis of Syracuse, New York
752:on the island in 1878, which is now a museum.
4246:
3902:
3764:
3195:
2105:. Volume 19 Number 2. Retrieved April 5, 2020
1829:. In Joachim Reitner and Volker Thiel (ed.).
1776:"Resident Population of Islands 1960 to 2010"
490:is located on the central plains of Molokai.
8:
3917:Islands, municipalities, and communities of
3779:Islands, municipalities, and communities of
2531:"starbulletin.com – Business – /2007/01/14/"
2071:"Kalaupapa, Molokai, Hawaii – Father Damien"
2030:Hookuleana LLC 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
1743:Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 17.
709:1190–1290." Later migrants likely came from
37:
2600:
2598:
2073:. VisitMolokai.com web site. Archived from
1497:. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library,
1470:. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library,
1021:, ranked 50, 61, 81 and 104, respectively.
774:(also known as Hansen's disease) was among
635:. Near the summit of Kamakou is the unique
4253:
4239:
4231:
3909:
3895:
3887:
3771:
3757:
3749:
3202:
3188:
3180:
3086:, a traditional delicacy known locally as
1676:"Table 5.11 – Elevations of Major Summits"
65:
50:
36:
34:Island of the Hawaiian Islands archipelago
3829:Map of Hawaii highlighting Kalawao County
2311:The Daily of the University of Washington
1940:
1930:
1513:"Table 5.08 – Land Area of Islands: 2000"
646:and other plants cover the soggy ground.
569:The eastern half of the island is a high
44:Nickname: The Friendly Isle, ʻĀina Momona
1141:, 19th-century Catholic priest and saint
1088:Sea Cliffs on the island's northern side
326:across the 25 mi (40 km) wide
316:27th largest island in the United States
2198:
2196:
1389:
184:
4118:Map of Hawaii highlighting Maui County
2202:Mouritz, Arthur Albert St. M. (1916).
2182:
2172:
2093:
2091:
1167:1913 College Football All-America Team
301:
2305:Cederlind, Erika (29 February 2008).
1558:from the original on 26 February 2020
986:. In 2007, a panel of 522 experts in
649:Molokai is home to a great number of
198:
188:
7:
2901:from the original on 28 January 2017
2612:from the original on 29 October 2014
2390:from the original on 31 January 2021
1631:from the original on 24 January 2021
782:. Because of the islanders' lack of
726:National Register of Historic Places
509:, from Maui to the southeast by the
421:Molokai developed from two distinct
2263:, United States of America: 17–19.
1883:"Division of Forestry and Wildlife"
513:and from Lanai to the south by the
29:Molokai: The Story of Father Damien
3317:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)
3176:, weekly print community newspaper
3055:Lee, Pali Jae Kealohilani (1984).
2948:Holy Man: Father Damien of Molokai
2870:"Kalaupapa National Historic Park"
2051:from the original on 16 April 2017
1619:Dudley, Malika (28 January 2016).
1595:Aki, Catherine (15 October 2008).
1548:"Hawaii Board on Geographic Names"
1095:Kalaupapa National Historical Park
413:Eastern Molokai with a portion of
364:Kalaupapa National Historical Park
25:
3715:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1887:Division of Forestry and Wildlife
1833:. pp. 824-829 (see p. 825).
1607:from the original on 19 July 2020
1032:festival is held on this island.
713:and other south Pacific islands.
362:; these operated until 1969. The
125:260 sq mi (670 km)
4626:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
3732:
3155:
2457:Graham, Wade (August 30, 2019).
2103:International Journal of Leprosy
1721:from the original on 27 May 2009
1574:"Pronunciation Practice: ʻOkina"
1195:, professional baseball player (
474:. Maui County encompasses Maui,
462:Molokai is part of the state of
370:from the south and east shores.
257:
4722:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
4717:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
4707:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
2927:from the original on 2018-12-02
2897:. Go Hawaii. 14 February 2017.
2782:from the original on 2017-04-20
2707:from the original on 2014-08-28
2541:from the original on 2011-11-14
2469:from the original on 2019-08-31
1971:. March 3, 2014. Archived from
1893:from the original on 2011-11-15
1864:from the original on 2021-01-28
1788:from the original on 2014-10-29
1692:from the original on 2012-02-01
1657:from the original on 2020-05-20
1597:"So is it Molokai or Moloka'i?"
1584:from the original on 2020-08-05
1529:from the original on 2012-02-01
1433:from the original on 2016-05-15
1404:from the original on 2019-06-03
1176:Brigham Young University–Hawaii
401:uses the form with the ʻokina.
3327:Pearl Harbor National Memorial
3040:. Neptune House Publications.
2981:. University of Hawaii Press.
1683:2004 State of Hawaii Data Book
1520:2004 State of Hawaii Data Book
839:The Kalaupapa Leper Settlement
497:divides the island into three
303:[ˈmoloˈkɐi,ˈmoloˈkɐʔi]
1:
3710:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
3061:. Paia-Kapela-Willis, ʻOhana.
2996:Engledow, Jill (March 2007).
2652:"Destinations Rated: Islands"
1839:10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_192
1711:"Submarine volcanoes – MBARI"
1174:– Biologist and president of
1163:Harvey Rexford Hitchcock, Jr.
706:
702:
520:The Kauhako Crater Lake is a
146:4,961 ft (1512.1 m)
4732:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
3163:travel guide from Wikivoyage
3094:Tayman, John (11 May 2010).
2998:"Where Tradition Holds Sway"
2726:"Mokulele Airlines Schedule"
2660:National Geographic Traveler
2130:Disability Studies Quarterly
1764:Bulletin – Geo Science World
1248:, High Chieftess of Molokaʻi
1242:, High Chieftess of Molokaʻi
1135:, 19th-century nun and saint
984:George Washington University
979:National Geographic Traveler
809:Leper colony 1907 on Molokai
308:Hawaiian Islands archipelago
1852:Boneza, Jenn (2021-01-24).
1815:United States Census Bureau
1423:"the definition of Molokai"
1005:). The neighbor islands of
933:third of its residents use
495:United States Census Bureau
417:and Molokaʻi Forest Reserve
334:, separated from it by the
4834:
4646:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
4636:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
4631:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
3034:Farber, Joseph M. (1997).
3023:Article about traditional
2445:U.S. National Park Service
2421:U.S. National Park Service
1969:Historic Hawaii Foundation
1831:Encyclopedia of Geobiology
1499:University of Hawaii Press
1472:University of Hawaii Press
26:
4448:
4437:North Arch volcanic field
4285:South Arch volcanic field
4206:
4111:
3931:
3862:
3822:
3728:
3423:Colleges and universities
3218:
2663:: 108–127. Archived from
2535:archives.starbulletin.com
2529:Star-Bulletin, Honolulu.
2384:World Health Organization
2205:The Path of the Destroyer
1739:Culliney, John L. (2006)
1685:. State of Hawaii. 2004.
1593:For counter opinions see
1522:. State of Hawaii. 2004.
1215:Arthur Albert St. Mouritz
1189:, 6th Governor of Hawaiʻi
830:Arthur Albert St. Mouritz
742:Reverend Harvey Hitchcock
207:
185:
180:
176:
165:
64:
49:
4641:2018 lower Puna eruption
3255:Discovery and settlement
2208:Retrieved April 5, 2020.
1365:Father Damien of Molokai
1296:, High Chief of Molokaʻi
1290:, High Chief of Molokaʻi
1278:, High Chief of Molokaʻi
1272:, High Chief of Molokaʻi
1254:, High Chief of Molokaʻi
1157:Harvey Rexford Hitchcock
1139:Father Damien de Veuster
844:Pater Damiaan de Veuster
4777:Puna Geothermal Venture
4712:Haleakalā National Park
3082:Article about Hawaiian
3058:Moʻolelo O Na Po Makole
3003:Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine
2350:10.1067/mjd.2001.114733
1965:"Molokai Light Station"
1932:10.1073/pnas.1015876108
1260:, Chieftess of Molokaʻi
1159:, Protestant missionary
1153:, Protestant missionary
585:Metrosideros polymorpha
433:. The highest point is
318:. It lies southeast of
246:28/sq mi (10.8/km)
27:For the 1999 film, see
4813:Kalawao County, Hawaii
4518:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
4455:
4119:
3830:
3782:Kalawao County, Hawaii
3100:. Simon and Schuster.
2690:, Aloha-Hawaii website
2509:Molokai Ranch Timeline
2223:Hawaii Catholic Herald
2117:Amundson, Ron (2010).
1495:in Hawaiian Dictionary
1468:in Hawaiian Dictionary
1360:Alii Aimoku of Molokai
1097:(accessible by guided
1089:
970:
962:
840:
810:
729:
562:, which are part of a
540:
418:
143:Highest elevation
106:21.13500°N 157.01000°W
4473:French Frigate Shoals
4454:
4117:
3828:
3688:Pre-statehood history
3538:French Frigate Shoals
3378:Hawaiian architecture
3173:The Molokaʻi Dispatch
2975:Coffman, Tom (2003).
2895:"Papohaku Beach Park"
2751:"Getting to Molokaʻi"
2681:Molokaʻi Ka Hula Piko
1203:Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer
1087:
1030:Molokaʻi Ka Hula Piko
968:
960:
838:
808:
746:Rudolph Wilhelm Meyer
719:
697:most likely from the
535:
429:and the much smaller
412:
310:in the middle of the
4405:East Molokai Volcano
4400:West Molokai Volcano
4219:United States portal
3875:United States portal
3705:Hawaiian Renaissance
3695:Bayonet Constitution
2945:Daws, Gavan (1984).
2097:Wade, H. W. (1951).
2047:. 14 February 2017.
1625:The Molokai Dispatch
1601:The Molokai Dispatch
1284:, Prince of Molokaʻi
1172:John S. K. Kauwe III
1151:Peter Johnson Gulick
1133:Mother Marianne Cope
872:Mother Marianne Cope
738:Captain George Dixon
661:Myadestes lanaiensis
609:spp.), and cypress (
111:21.13500; -157.01000
4818:Maui County, Hawaii
4752:Mauna Loa eruptions
4651:Keanakakoi eruption
3920:Maui County, Hawaii
3720:Territory of Hawaii
3588:Notable communities
3125:National Geographic
3010:(2). Archived from
2800:Ferry service ended
1717:. 22 October 2015.
1377:, a short story by
1229:, poet and novelist
988:sustainable tourism
671:Paroreomyza flammea
468:Maui County, Hawaii
356:Kalaupapa Peninsula
102: /
39:
4456:
4262:Hawaiian volcanism
4120:
3831:
2805:2017-09-10 at the
2701:"Molokaʻi Airport"
2686:2014-02-10 at the
2636:2017-02-20 at the
2631:Visitor Statistics
2588:2017-09-09 at the
2564:2011-06-17 at the
2515:2017-09-12 at the
2494:2017-09-11 at the
2439:2013-05-16 at the
2415:2019-07-23 at the
2313:. . Archived from
2124:2020-06-06 at the
2026:2019-09-12 at the
1758:2009-01-22 at the
1483:Samuel Hoyt Elbert
1456:Samuel Hoyt Elbert
1307:Towns and villages
1282:Kaupeepeenuikauila
1266:, Lady of Molokaʻi
1090:
1039:, Paragon Air and
971:
963:
863:American Civil War
841:
811:
730:
695:indigenous peoples
615:spp.). Introduced
564:Nature Conservancy
541:
419:
212:Largest settlement
203:ʻŌmaʻomaʻo (green)
151:Highest point
4808:Islands of Hawaii
4790:
4789:
4737:Kīlauea eruptions
4727:Hawaiian eruption
4656:ʻAilāʻau eruption
4617:Notable eruptions
4478:Gardner Pinnacles
4228:
4227:
3884:
3883:
3746:
3745:
3739:Hawaii portal
3107:978-1-4165-5192-8
3047:978-0-9659782-0-0
2988:978-0-8248-2662-8
2958:978-0-8248-0920-1
2820:"Molokai Schools"
2041:"Molokai History"
1995:"Molokai History"
1479:Mary Kawena Pukui
1452:Mary Kawena Pukui
1227:Lois-Ann Yamanaka
1223:, poet and writer
1101:or hiking tour).
1041:Hawaiian Airlines
1037:Mokulele Airlines
961:Molokai Waterfall
902:sulfonamide drugs
867:Roman Catholicism
865:and converted to
757:King Kamehameha V
732:Although Captain
720:U.S. Coast Guard
699:Marquesas Islands
601:Psidium littorale
250:
249:
16:(Redirected from
4825:
4493:Lisianski Island
4453:
4290:Kamaʻehuakanaloa
4255:
4248:
4241:
4232:
4220:
4213:
4116:
4060:Napili-Honokowai
3943:
3936:
3926:
3921:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3888:
3876:
3869:
3827:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3700:Hawaiian Kingdom
3578:Pearl and Hermes
3312:Native Hawaiians
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3159:
3145:
3111:
3081:
3062:
3051:
3022:
3020:
3019:
2992:
2963:
2962:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2872:. Archived from
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2847:. Archived from
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2822:. Archived from
2816:
2810:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2753:. Archived from
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2728:. Archived from
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2697:
2691:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2656:
2647:
2641:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2608:. 14 July 2014.
2602:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2526:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2454:
2448:
2430:
2424:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2279:. Archived from
2261:Washington, D.C.
2250:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2142:
2133:
2115:
2106:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2045:www.gohawaii.com
2037:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1997:. Archived from
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1822:
1816:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1766:
1750:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1651:"Domestic Names"
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1475:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1394:
1375:Koolau the Leper
1209:William Ragsdale
900:. In the 1940s,
708:
704:
597:strawberry guava
551:Prosopis pallida
423:shield volcanoes
305:
300:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
73:state of Hawaiʻi
71:Location in the
69:
54:
40:
21:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4757:Pāhoehoe (lava)
4690:
4666:Kīlauea Caldera
4618:
4612:
4529:
4522:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4446:
4276:
4269:
4259:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4211:
4202:
4192:
4128:
4121:
4109:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3885:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3848:
3832:
3820:
3796:
3789:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3747:
3742:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3683:
3645:
3582:
3529:
3522:
3469:
3366:
3282:Hawaiianization
3226:
3214:
3208:
3152:
3121:
3118:
3116:Further reading
3108:
3093:
3066:Lo, Catharine.
3065:
3054:
3048:
3033:
3017:
3015:
2995:
2989:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2959:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2845:"Akaula School"
2843:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2807:Wayback Machine
2798:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2776:"Molokai Ferry"
2774:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2688:Wayback Machine
2679:
2675:
2667:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2638:Wayback Machine
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2590:Wayback Machine
2579:
2575:
2566:Wayback Machine
2557:
2553:
2544:
2542:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2517:Wayback Machine
2506:
2502:
2496:Wayback Machine
2485:
2481:
2472:
2470:
2463:Smithsonian.com
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:Wayback Machine
2431:
2427:
2417:Wayback Machine
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2286:on 13 July 2014
2283:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2201:
2194:
2181:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2126:Wayback Machine
2116:
2109:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2028:Wayback Machine
2017:
2013:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1894:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1760:Wayback Machine
1751:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1678:
1674:
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1594:
1587:
1585:
1572:
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1559:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1477:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1356:
1309:
1258:Kapau-a-Nuʻakea
1236:
1129:
1121:
1112:
1107:
1082:
1070:
1062:
1057:
955:
920:Over the years
918:
898:chaulmoogra oil
769:
691:
603:), eucalyptus (
530:
511:Pailolo Channel
507:Molokai Channel
488:Molokai Airport
466:and located in
407:
376:
298:
260:
256:
172:
137:Hawaiian Island
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
75:
60:
57:Satellite image
45:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4831:
4829:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4681:Powers Caldera
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
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4172:Spreckelsville
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3795:Unincorporated
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3388:Climate change
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3357:Transportation
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3337:
3324:
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3309:
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3302:Kūʻē Petitions
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3150:External links
3148:
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3117:
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3113:
3112:
3106:
3091:
3068:"On the Rocks"
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2673:
2670:on 2011-10-05.
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2344:(3): 420–434.
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2011:
1986:
1975:on May 6, 2018
1956:
1925:(5): 1815–20.
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1811:2020-02-16 at
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1197:Anaheim Angels
1190:
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1128:
1127:Notable people
1125:
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1105:Transportation
1103:
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1078:
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1055:Infrastructure
1053:
954:
951:
917:
914:
896:and involving
887:Servant of God
800:whooping cough
768:
765:
690:
687:
681:) have become
642:, where dwarf
529:
526:
515:Kalohi Channel
472:Kalawao County
406:
403:
381:Both the form
375:
372:
352:Kalawao County
336:Kalohi Channel
328:Kaʻiwi Channel
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4508:Necker Island
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4212:Hawaii portal
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4090:Waihee-Waiehu
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3960:Haiku-Pauwela
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3868:Hawaii portal
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3347:State symbols
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3014:on 2009-07-20
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2876:on 2014-12-06
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2851:on 2016-10-01
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2826:on 2015-05-12
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2161:on 2019-06-15
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1193:Keith Luuloa
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222:Demographics
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4767:Pele's hair
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4702:ʻAʻā (lava)
4671:Kīlauea Iki
4309:Kīlauea Iki
4129:communities
3935:County seat
3837:Ghost Towns
3797:communities
3611:Kailua-Kona
3445:LGBT rights
3362:Unification
3260:Earthquakes
3250:Delegations
3030:on Molokaʻi
2394:10 February
2253:ChemMatters
2183:|work=
2020:Meyer Sugar
1979:February 1,
1379:Jack London
1074:high school
1060:Health care
935:food stamps
673:), and the
576:wet forests
503:2010 census
109: /
97:157°00′36″W
85:Coordinates
4797:Categories
4483:Kure Atoll
4348:Kahoʻolawe
4152:Kaumalapau
4035:Mahinahina
4025:Launiupoko
4020:Lanai City
3990:Kaunakakai
3965:Haliimaile
3636:Pearl City
3488:Kahoʻolawe
3292:Hurricanes
3277:Government
3018:2008-05-20
2969:References
2931:2018-12-02
2905:29 October
2880:2014-10-29
2855:2014-10-29
2830:2014-10-29
2786:2017-04-20
2761:2014-10-29
2736:2014-10-29
2711:2014-10-29
2616:29 October
2545:2011-05-10
2473:2019-08-31
2081:2009-09-29
2055:29 October
2005:2014-10-29
1897:2011-09-27
1868:2021-01-25
1792:2014-10-29
1696:2007-07-23
1661:2020-07-02
1588:2020-04-23
1562:6 February
1552:hawaii.gov
1533:2007-07-23
1437:2017-10-14
1408:2014-10-29
1328:Kaunakakai
1294:Kalanipehu
1288:Kahokuohua
1252:Keʻoloʻewa
894:Alice Ball
761:Kaunakakai
750:sugar mill
734:James Cook
629:Sus scrofa
625:feral pigs
606:Eucalyptus
590:understory
566:preserve.
537:Halawa Bay
484:Kaunakakai
453:sea cliffs
299:pronounced
235:Population
216:Kaunakakai
94:21°08′06″N
59:of Molokai
4686:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
4676:Mauna Ulu
4619:and vents
4548:Daikakuji
4530:Seamounts
4498:Maro Reef
4385:West Maui
4380:Haleakalā
4337:Mauna Kea
4327:Mauna Loa
4321:Mauna Ulu
4317:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
4197:Footnotes
4147:Kahakuloa
4142:Hoʻolehua
4085:ʻUalapuʻe
3975:Kaanapali
3853:Footnotes
3810:Makanalua
3805:Kalaupapa
3563:Maro Reef
3558:Lisianski
3418:Education
3265:Geography
3225:(capital)
3210:State of
3142:643483454
3134:0027-9358
3073:Hana Hou!
2570:Maui News
2380:"Leprosy"
2269:0736-4687
2185:ignored (
2175:cite book
1343:ʻUalapuʻe
1318:Kalaupapa
1068:Education
822:century.
819:Kalaupapa
666:kākāwahie
637:Pēpēʻōpae
621:Axis axis
617:axis deer
612:Cupressus
522:soda lake
480:Kahoolawe
425:known as
405:Geography
354:, on the
347:sugarcane
343:pineapple
230:Molokaian
131:Area rank
80:Geography
4442:Waiʻanae
4422:Honolulu
4390:Molokaʻi
4332:Hualālai
4295:Māhukona
4275:Windward
4264:topics (
4167:Puʻunene
4162:Kipahulu
4080:Pukalani
4055:Maunaloa
4005:Kualapuu
3664:Honolulu
3651:Counties
3616:Kāneʻohe
3601:Honolulu
3508:Molokaʻi
3460:Politics
3450:Folklore
3435:Gun laws
3383:Abortion
3270:Seamount
3222:Honolulu
3161:Molokaʻi
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2899:Archived
2803:Archived
2780:Archived
2705:Archived
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2634:Archived
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2492:Archived
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2366:39874987
2358:11511841
2229:11 April
2165:April 5,
2122:Archived
2049:Archived
2024:Archived
1951:21187404
1891:Archived
1862:Archived
1809:Archived
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1756:Archived
1719:Archived
1687:Archived
1655:Archived
1635:23 April
1629:Archived
1611:23 April
1605:Archived
1582:Archived
1556:Archived
1524:Archived
1489:Molokaʻi
1485:(2003).
1462:Molokaʻi
1458:(2003).
1431:Archived
1402:Archived
1354:See also
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1300:Kanealai
1276:Kamauaua
1270:Kanipahu
1183:, singer
1110:Highways
939:Monsanto
788:smallpox
784:immunity
776:Eurasian
560:Moʻomomi
296:Molokaʻi
292:Hawaiian
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4803:Molokai
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4553:Detroit
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4528:Emperor
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4411:Niʻihau
4305:Kīlauea
4300:Hawaiʻi
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4105:Wailuku
4095:Waikapu
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4030:Maalaea
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3669:Kalawao
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3641:Waipahu
3621:Kapolei
3606:Kahului
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3530:Islands
3513:Niʻihau
3483:Hawaiʻi
3413:Economy
3403:Culture
3398:Cuisine
3371:Society
3352:Tourism
3334:Arizona
3297:Islands
3287:History
3240:Outline
3084:limpets
2386:(WHO).
2290:22 June
2277:9135366
1942:3033267
1323:Kalawao
1246:Hualani
1240:Nuʻakea
1234:Royalty
1048:Lāhainā
992:islands
953:Tourism
949:seeds.
916:Economy
906:Dapsone
874:of the
853:of the
848:Belgian
815:Kalawao
796:measles
792:cholera
780:endemic
772:Leprosy
689:History
683:extinct
656:olomaʻo
651:endemic
633:insects
571:plateau
528:Ecology
436:Kamakou
415:Kamakou
383:Molokai
360:leprosy
253:Molokai
227:Demonym
181:Symbols
155:Kamakou
38:Molokai
4695:Topics
4573:Kimmei
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4427:Kaʻena
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3465:Sports
3430:Energy
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3232:Topics
3212:Hawaii
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464:Hawaii
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389:) and
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4127:Other
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1385:Notes
1080:Parks
1011:Kauai
556:dunes
546:kiawe
476:Lanai
445:Oʻahu
238:7,345
200:Color
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