109:
121:
900:
909:
921:
133:
471:
refused to join the alliance fearing that
Moldavia would be the main scene of any Polish–Ottoman war. Albert's efforts to displace him led to a quarrel with Ladislas of Hungary who considered Stephen as his vassal. This broke up their recent alliance and as a result, Albert planned on achieving his
662:
The
Crusade against Ottomans and the Political Backdrop in East-Central Europe at the End of the Fifteenth Century In: The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during the 15th Century Authors: Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea Type: Chapter Pages: 242–285 DOI:
216:
678:
Page 42: Shirogorov V. V. Ukrainian War. The Armed
Conflict for the Eastern Europe in XVI – XVII cеnturies. Volume I. The Melee of Rus’. (Up to the middle of XVI century) Vladimir Shirogorov. – Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 2017. – 919
209:
306:
959:
1869:
202:
496:, while Stephen the Great of Moldavia was able to secure Ottoman support. The Polish offensive began in the month of June in 1497, but the Moldavians, supported by the Ottomans, crossed into
488:
Albert was able to raise an army of 80,000 men and 200 cannons, in the summer of 1497 he set out planning to reconquer the fortresses on the northern Black Sea coast and take control of
632:
833:
876:
512:. Albert's campaign was disastrous and his objectives had failed, so he made peace with the Moldavians and Ottomans in 1499 and recognised Ottoman control of the Black Sea.
1402:
1038:
1922:
292:
1728:
1917:
1166:
1305:
551:
after his successive defeats. The walls of Kraków were strengthened and additional fortifications were built to defend the city in case of a
Turkish invasion.
463:
was elected due to his advocacy for an offensive policy against the
Ottomans, and he made an alliance with Venice and Hungary for a joint effort against them.
1912:
1724:
932:
380:
316:
360:
355:
1109:
1094:
1060:
370:
1638:
1122:
1424:
1407:
1397:
1385:
1338:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1234:
1229:
1072:
866:
826:
395:
390:
385:
330:
226:
27:
1205:
1055:
1099:
964:
954:
1819:
1829:
1127:
340:
1609:
335:
1857:
1837:
1183:
819:
1806:
1720:
1690:
1530:
1464:
299:
113:
1907:
597:
History of the
Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808
1496:
375:
1892:
1012:
539:, John I Albert hastily returned to Poland (suffering another major defeat on the way where 5,000 Polish soldiers were killed in
365:
1770:
1017:
1007:
1511:
1902:
1589:
800:
345:
1757:
1263:
1154:
252:
764:
871:
842:
1752:
1707:
1501:
1212:
1643:
1864:
1613:
1558:
1553:
1104:
536:
505:
270:
700:
1897:
1842:
1577:
1565:
886:
861:
258:
1675:
991:
1582:
1633:
969:
240:
1670:
50:
1372:
1192:
1047:
944:
1680:
1658:
1648:
1412:
1390:
701:
Our
Kingdom Come: The Counter-Reformation, the Republic of Dubrovnik, and the Liberation of the Balkan Slavs
1747:
1625:
1516:
1350:
1333:
1300:
1293:
1222:
1653:
1852:
1780:
1663:
1489:
1217:
980:
246:
1814:
1484:
1360:
1355:
1320:
856:
1454:
1065:
881:
792:
437:
1714:
1476:
1343:
1328:
1275:
1239:
1132:
1077:
544:
623:
1775:
1594:
1570:
1506:
1419:
1310:
1022:
949:
796:
724:
712:
472:
objectives without any foreign help. After some years of preparation, Albert sent an envoy to
464:
429:
159:
688:
596:
569:
1785:
1739:
1599:
1538:
1471:
1449:
1429:
1288:
1268:
1137:
778:
752:
636:
614:
524:
were now left with a major empire including the entire steppe north of the Crimea from the
1790:
1543:
1159:
1142:
521:
619:"Poland as the Bastion of Christianity and the Issue of a Union with the Orthodox Church"
1548:
899:
786:
782:
548:
422:
126:
54:
908:
1886:
501:
460:
418:
150:
1702:
1459:
1200:
920:
493:
449:
80:
428:. John Albert set out with an army of 80,000 men with the objectives of deposing
1604:
194:
1089:
1084:
618:
477:
155:
641:
811:
664:
441:
88:
1847:
540:
525:
497:
473:
468:
433:
425:
138:
74:
70:
975:
743:, Vol. 1, ed. Clifford J. Rogers, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 434.
570:
The
Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation
284:
84:
779:"Poland and the Crusade in the Reign of King Jan Olbracht, 1492–1501"
489:
445:
741:
The Oxford
Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
529:
509:
815:
599:. Stanford J. Shaw, Ezel Kural Shaw. Cambridge University Press
288:
198:
508:) and then proceeded to raid into Polish territory as far as
767:.Hasan Celâl Güzel, Cem Oğuz, Osman Karatay. Yeni Türkiye.
960:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
480:
rejected this and both sides were ready for war by 1497.
755:. David Nicolle, Witold Sarnecki. Bloomsbury Publishing.
633:
Jesuit
University of Philosophy and Education Ignatianum
1828:
1805:
1738:
1689:
1624:
1529:
1371:
1191:
1182:
1046:
1037:
1000:
931:
849:
725:Europe in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
609:
607:
605:
20:
1171:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
877:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
440:, reconquering the fortresses on the northern
827:
300:
210:
8:
674:
672:
532:under the suzerainty of the Ottoman sultan.
1167:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
1155:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
689:Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
421:against the Moldavians, supported by their
1695:
1188:
1043:
1013:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
937:
834:
820:
812:
565:
563:
307:
293:
285:
217:
203:
195:
17:
1018:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
1008:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
665:https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004353800_008
640:
1306:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
777:Nowakowska, Natalia (14 November 2004).
867:History of Polish intelligence services
658:
656:
654:
652:
559:
1820:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
691:. Selcuk Aksin Somel. Scarecrow Press.
1213:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
500:and decisively defeated the Poles at
7:
1918:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
1403:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
1056:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
1639:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
788:Crusading in the Fifteenth Century
520:As a result of this campaign, the
14:
1913:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
1425:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
1128:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
919:
907:
898:
713:Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire
131:
119:
107:
1408:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
1398:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
1386:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
1339:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
1257:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
1252:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
1247:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
1235:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
1230:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
1123:Władysław the White's rebellion
1110:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
1095:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
1061:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
753:Medieval Polish Armies 966–1500
417:was an unsuccessful war led by
415:Polish–Ottoman War of 1497–1499
1923:Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503)
1590:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
1381:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
1150:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
28:Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503)
1:
1497:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
1465:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
1138:1444 war against the Ottomans
965:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
955:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
872:List of wars involving Poland
572:. Brian Glyn Williams. BRILL.
1507:War of the Bar Confederation
1502:War of the Polish Succession
444:coast and taking control of
1865:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1758:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
1554:War of the Fourth Coalition
1206:campaign of Stephen Báthory
737:The Battle of Cosmin Forest
547:, fearing an attack by the
537:battle of the Cosmin Forest
506:Battle of the Cosmin Forest
271:Battle of the Cosmin Forest
1939:
1843:Operation Uphold Democracy
1578:War of the Sixth Coalition
1566:War of the Fifth Coalition
1512:Polish–Russian War of 1792
887:Warfare in Medieval Poland
862:History of the Polish Army
765:The Turks: Ottomans (2 v.)
66:Ottoman–Moldavian victory
1766:
1753:Białystok Ghetto uprising
1698:
1583:French invasion of Russia
1442:
1284:
1264:Northern War of 1655–1660
1118:
940:
893:
843:Polish wars and conflicts
326:
236:
178:
165:
144:
100:
33:
25:
1908:Battles involving Poland
1671:Second Silesian Uprising
988:1156 war against Germany
985:1146 war against Germany
642:10.35765/pk.2022.3601.04
1893:Wars involving Moldavia
1870:Military aid to Ukraine
1681:Third Silesian Uprising
1649:First Silesian Uprising
1644:Polish–Czechoslovak War
1413:Battle of Chocim (1673)
1391:Battle of Chocim (1621)
727:. Denys Hay. Routledge.
436:and replacing him with
1748:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1691:World War II in Poland
1351:Zebrzydowski rebellion
1334:Moldavian Magnate Wars
1301:Siege of Danzig (1577)
739:, Tadeusz Grabarczyk,
145:Commanders and leaders
1903:Wars involving Poland
1853:2003 invasion of Iraq
1781:Operation Ostra Brama
1676:Polish–Lithuanian War
1490:Battle of Berestechko
1218:War against Sigismund
992:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
476:asking for peace but
419:John Albert of Poland
186:est. 100,000 enslaved
179:Casualties and losses
87:, reaching as far as
1634:Polish–Ukrainian War
1485:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1048:Polish–Teutonic wars
857:Early modern warfare
795:. pp. 128–147.
318:Moldavian–Polish War
1731:during World War II
1517:Kościuszko Uprising
1481:1644 Tatar Invasion
1455:Fedorovych uprising
1446:1624 Tatar Invasion
1373:Polish–Ottoman wars
1325:1593 Tatar Invasion
1317:1589 Tatar Invasion
1294:Battle of Lubieszów
1223:Battle of Stångebro
1193:Polish–Swedish wars
1100:Thirteen Years' War
970:Miecław's Rebellion
945:Polish–Veletian War
882:Polish Armed Forces
850:General and related
793:Springer Publishing
624:Perspektywy Kultury
438:Sigismund Jagiellon
1858:Occupation of Iraq
1838:War in Afghanistan
1715:Invasion of Poland
1610:fighting in Poland
1531:Poland partitioned
1477:Ostryanyn uprising
1329:Nalyvaiko Uprising
1276:Great Northern War
1240:Battle of Kircholm
1133:Battle of Grotniki
1105:War of the Priests
1078:Battle of Grunwald
411:Moldavian campaign
267: (1497–1499)
265:Moldavian campaign
227:Polish–Ottoman War
21:Moldavian campaign
1898:Stephen the Great
1880:
1879:
1815:Racibórz Conflict
1807:People's Republic
1801:
1800:
1776:Operation Tempest
1654:Polish–Soviet War
1595:November Uprising
1571:Austro-Polish War
1559:Prussian campaign
1525:
1524:
1420:Great Turkish War
1361:Battle of Humenné
1356:Thirty Years' War
1344:Battle of Kłuszyn
1321:Kosiński uprising
1311:Battle of Byczyna
1178:
1177:
1090:Gollub War (1422)
1085:Hunger War (1414)
1033:
1032:
1023:Battle of Legnica
974:1072 war against
950:Battle of Cedynia
715:. By Mehrdad Kia.
465:Stephen the Great
430:Stephen the Great
404:
403:
282:
281:
193:
192:
160:Stephen the Great
114:Kingdom of Poland
96:
95:
1930:
1771:Italian Campaign
1740:Ghetto uprisings
1727:, and
1696:
1659:Battle of Warsaw
1600:January Uprising
1539:Denisko uprising
1472:Pavlyuk uprising
1450:Zhmaylo uprising
1430:Battle of Vienna
1289:Danzig rebellion
1189:
1066:Battle of Płowce
1044:
1039:Jagiellon Poland
1001:Mongol invasions
938:
923:
911:
902:
836:
829:
822:
813:
807:
806:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
703:. Zdenko Zlatar.
698:
692:
686:
680:
676:
667:
660:
647:
646:
644:
615:Smołucha, Janusz
611:
600:
594:
573:
567:
543:) and built the
502:Valea Cosminului
321:
319:
309:
302:
295:
286:
231:
219:
212:
205:
196:
137:
135:
134:
125:
123:
122:
112:
111:
110:
35:
34:
18:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1824:
1797:
1791:Warsaw Uprising
1762:
1734:
1685:
1626:Second Republic
1620:
1544:Napoleonic Wars
1521:
1438:
1367:
1280:
1174:
1160:Battle of Orsha
1143:Battle of Varna
1114:
1029:
996:
981:Siege of Głogów
927:
926:
915:
891:
845:
840:
810:
803:
776:
775:
771:
763:
759:
751:
747:
735:
731:
723:
719:
711:
707:
699:
695:
687:
683:
677:
670:
661:
650:
613:
612:
603:
595:
576:
568:
561:
557:
545:Kraków Barbican
518:
486:
458:
407:
406:
405:
400:
322:
317:
315:
313:
283:
278:
232:
228:
225:
223:
185:
158:
132:
130:
129:
120:
118:
108:
106:
57:
12:
11:
5:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1830:Third Republic
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1664:Kiev offensive
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1549:Peninsular War
1546:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
986:
983:
978:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
935:
929:
928:
925:
924:
913:
912:
904:
903:
895:
894:
892:
890:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
841:
839:
838:
831:
824:
816:
809:
808:
801:
783:Norman Housley
769:
757:
745:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
668:
648:
601:
574:
558:
556:
553:
549:Ottoman Empire
522:Crimean Tatars
517:
514:
485:
482:
457:
454:
402:
401:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
324:
323:
314:
312:
311:
304:
297:
289:
280:
279:
277:
276:
275:
274:
262:
256:
250:
244:
237:
234:
233:
224:
222:
221:
214:
207:
199:
191:
190:
187:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
163:
162:
153:
147:
146:
142:
141:
127:Ottoman Empire
116:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:
79:Ottomans raid
77:
63:
59:
58:
55:Ottoman Empire
49:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
23:
22:
16:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Lwów uprising
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1729:contributions
1726:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1708:Eastern Front
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1614:Eastern Front
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
939:
936:
934:
930:
922:
918:
917:
916:
910:
906:
905:
901:
897:
896:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
848:
844:
837:
832:
830:
825:
823:
818:
817:
814:
804:
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
780:
773:
770:
766:
761:
758:
754:
749:
746:
742:
738:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
714:
709:
706:
702:
697:
694:
690:
685:
682:
675:
673:
669:
666:
659:
657:
655:
653:
649:
643:
638:
634:
631:(1). Krakow:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
610:
608:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
466:
462:
461:John I Albert
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
416:
412:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
325:
320:
310:
305:
303:
298:
296:
291:
290:
287:
272:
269:
268:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
235:
230:
220:
215:
213:
208:
206:
201:
200:
197:
188:
183:
182:
177:
173:
170:
169:
164:
161:
157:
154:
152:
151:John I Albert
149:
148:
143:
140:
128:
117:
115:
105:
104:
99:
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
69:
68:
67:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
44:
40:
37:
36:
32:
29:
24:
19:
1719:Polish
1703:World War II
1460:Smolensk War
1380:
1201:Livonian War
1184:Commonwealth
1149:
933:Piast Poland
914:
787:
772:
760:
748:
740:
736:
732:
720:
708:
696:
684:
628:
622:
534:
519:
516:Consequences
494:Danube Delta
487:
459:
450:Danube Delta
414:
410:
408:
350:
273: (1497)
264:
261: (1491)
255: (1487)
249: (1487)
243: (1485)
101:Belligerents
81:Red Ruthenia
65:
1605:World War I
229:(1485–1503)
1887:Categories
1725:resistance
1269:The Deluge
802:0230523358
555:References
535:After the
478:Bayazid II
456:Background
253:Kopystrzyń
171:80,000 men
156:Bayezid II
1073:Great War
442:Black Sea
426:suzerains
396:1683–1699
391:1672–1676
386:1633–1634
381:1615–1616
361:1530–1538
356:1502–1510
351:1497–1499
341:1432–1438
241:Cătlăbuga
89:Przeworsk
41:1497–1499
1848:Iraq War
617:(2022).
541:Bukovina
526:Dniester
498:Bukovina
492:and the
474:Istanbul
469:Moldavia
448:and the
434:Moldavia
166:Strength
139:Moldavia
75:Pokuttia
71:Moldavia
51:Moldavia
46:Location
26:Part of
1723:,
1721:history
1612:on the
976:Bohemia
785:(ed.).
528:to the
423:Ottoman
413:or the
247:Szawrań
189:Unknown
174:Unknown
85:Podolia
799:
635:: 41.
490:Crimea
484:Battle
446:Crimea
259:Zasław
136:
124:
62:Result
781:. In
530:Volga
184:Heavy
73:gets
797:ISBN
510:Lwów
409:The
376:1607
371:1595
366:1552
346:1435
336:1431
331:1387
83:and
38:Date
637:doi
467:of
432:of
1889::
791:.
679:p.
671:^
651:^
629:36
627:.
621:.
604:^
577:^
562:^
452:.
53:,
835:e
828:t
821:v
805:.
645:.
639::
504:(
308:e
301:t
294:v
218:e
211:t
204:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.