1331:
1442:
47:
209:
1134:
328:
36:
1385:
1419:, the covering of pasture with fresh soil reducing its size and yield, damage to agricultural machinery by the exposure of stones, damage to young plants through disturbance of the soil, weed invasion of pasture through exposure of freshly tilled soil, and damage to drainage systems and watercourses. Other species such as
276:
that can paralyze earthworms, moles are able to store their still-living prey for later consumption. They construct special underground "larders" for just this purpose; researchers have discovered such larders with over a thousand earthworms in them. Before eating earthworms, moles pull them between
1490:
Other humane options are also possible including humane traps that capture the mole alive so it may be transported elsewhere. In many contexts including ordinary gardens, the damage caused by moles to lawns is mostly visual, and it is possible instead of extermination to simply remove the earth of
1348:
to lie in a particular direction, but to facilitate their burrowing lifestyle, mole pelts are short and very dense and have no particular direction to the nap. This makes it easy for moles to move backwards underground, as their fur is not "brushed the wrong way". The leather is extremely soft and
91:
Moles may be viewed as pests to gardeners, but they provide positive contributions to soil, gardens, and ecosystems, including soil aeration, feeding on slugs and small creatures that eat plant roots, and providing prey for other wildlife. They eat earthworms and other small invertebrates in the
1491:
the molehills as they appear, leaving their permanent galleries for the moles to continue their existence underground. However, when the tunnels are near the surface in soft ground or after heavy rain, they may collapse, leaving (small) unsightly furrows in the lawn.
685:
of
Australia. While difficult to distinguish from each other, they are most easily distinguished from true moles by shovel-like patches on their noses, which they use in tandem with their abbreviated forepaws to swim through sandy soils.
271:
and other small invertebrates found in the soil. The mole runs are in reality "worm traps", the mole sensing when a worm falls into the tunnel and quickly running along to kill and eat it. Because their saliva contains a
1998:
677:; two of these are so similar to true moles, they are commonly called and thought of as "moles" in common English, although they are completely unrelated to true moles or to each other. These are the
1487:, to repel the mole, or smoking its burrow. Devices are also sold to trap the mole in its burrow, when one sees the "mole hill" moving and therefore knows where the animal is, and then stabbing it.
292:
Breeding season for a mole depends on species, but is generally from
February through May. Males search for females by letting out high-pitched squeals and tunneling through foreign areas.
251:
are known to affect the growth and formation of bones, and a connection is possible between this species-specific trait and the male genital apparatus in female moles of many mole species (
1815:
2139:
295:
The gestation period of the
Eastern (North America) mole (Scalopus aquaticus) is approximately 42 days. Three to five young are born, mainly in March and early April.
227:. While the mole's other digits have multiple joints, the prepollex has a single, sickle-shaped bone that develops later and differently from the other fingers during
307:
Allegedly moles are solitary creatures, coming together only to mate. Territories may overlap, but moles avoid each other and males may fight fiercely if they meet.
2370:
1743:
2422:
2190:
200:
than other forms. In addition, moles use oxygen more effectively by reusing the exhaled air, and can survive in low-oxygen environments such as burrows.
2344:
1344:
Moles' pelts have a velvety texture not found in surface animals. Surface-dwelling animals tend to have longer fur with a natural tendency for the
2383:
104:. The expression "don't make a mountain out of a molehill" (which means "exaggerating problems") was first recorded in Tudor times. By the era of
1823:
1357:, ordered a mole-fur garment to start a fashion that would create a demand for mole fur, thereby turning what had been a serious pest problem in
1336:
2079:
1981:
1925:
1361:
into a lucrative industry for the country. Hundreds of pelts are cut into rectangles and sewn together to make a coat. The natural color is
1667:
1845:
188:
Moles have been found to tolerate higher levels of carbon dioxide than other mammals, because their blood cells have a special form of
316:
1803:
1765:
1144:
As marsupials, these moles are even more distantly related to true talpid moles than golden moles are, both of which belong to the
1354:
1727:
2401:
2131:
1908:
2388:
2409:
1729:
Ants and Moles as
Ecosystem Engineers: The Role of Small-scale Disturbance for Biodiversity in Central European Grasslands
1951:
2509:
1871:
2499:
2396:
2266:
1480:
gas has proven effective at killing moles, with the added advantage of having no polluting effect to the environment.
1464:
was also used for this purpose in the past. The most common method now is
Phostoxin or Talunex tablets. They contain
299:
mate in
February and March, and the 2–4 young are born in March and April after a gestation period of about 1 month.
1651:. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans, Paternoster-Row; and John Murray, Albemarle Street. p. 193.
2323:
913:
861:
331:
374:(shrew-like animals, including moles), previously within Insectivora, has been elevated to the level of an order.
2427:
2336:
2104:
2040:"The Phylogenetic Position of the Talpidae Within Eutheria Based on Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Sequences"
1511:
1148:, or placental mammals. This means that they are more closely related to such existing Australian marsupials as
893:
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843:
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20:
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674:
650:
105:
1438:. They can undermine plant roots, indirectly causing damage or death. Moles do not eat plant roots.
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1976:
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65:. They have cylindrical bodies, velvety fur, very small, inconspicuous eyes and ears, reduced
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208:
133:
125:
46:
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714:. This means that they share a closer common ancestor with such existing afrosoricids as
1605:
1452:
Moles are controlled with traps such as mole-catchers, smoke bombs, and poisons such as
2331:
2318:
2244:
1756:
1624:
1589:
1261:(koalas, wombats, diprotodonts, possums, cuscuses, sugar gliders, kangaroos and others)
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682:
666:
479:
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contains all the true moles and some of their close relatives. Those species called "
232:
228:
40:
1272:
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1025:
958:
877:
732:
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662:
614:
538:
371:
359:
327:
1590:"Light Perception in Two Strictly Subterranean Rodents: Life in the Dark or Blue?"
223:
forepaws: each has an extra thumb (also known as a prepollex) next to the regular
2284:
2258:
1614:
277:
their squeezed paws to force the collected earth and dirt out of the worm's gut.
2414:
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791:
678:
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421:
386:
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240:
1522:
and other small objects, archaeologists can find evidence of human habitation.
1514:
by bringing small artifacts to the surface through their digging. By examining
1955:
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965:
937:
771:
745:
670:
596:
439:
379:
348:
220:
189:
2229:
1875:
1588:
Kott, Ondřej; Sumbera, Radim; Nemec, Pavel (2010). Iwaniuirst, Andrew (ed.).
1502:, known for eating every animal he could, opined that mole meat tasted vile.
673:) have independently developed close physical similarities with moles due to
243:
thumb. This supernumerary digit is species-specific, as it is not present in
2305:
2038:
Mouchaty, Suzette K.; Gullberg, Anette; Janke, Axel; Arnason, Ulfur (2000).
1469:
1457:
1446:
1416:
707:
654:
634:
587:
569:
467:
404:
394:
320:
268:
70:
62:
2065:
1633:
1247:(the Tasmanian devil, the numbat, thylacines, quolls, dunnarts and others)
315:
2223:
1536:
1515:
1477:
1473:
1431:
1388:
1373:
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1149:
1145:
723:
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658:
460:
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363:
344:
273:
264:
117:
77:
66:
1649:
A Complete
English-Latin Dictionary, for the Use of Colleges and Schools
1160:, than they are to placental mammals, such as golden or Talpidae moles.
726:
than they do with other placental mammals, such as true
Talpidae moles.
618:: American shrew mole (US Pacific Northwest, southwest British Columbia)
2195:
1712:
1400:
1176:
1157:
719:
499:
486:
474:
2108:
1427:
may use mole tunnels to gain access to enclosed areas or plant roots.
35:
19:
This article is about the mammals called "moles". For other uses, see
2362:
1519:
1420:
1412:
1268:(marsupial moles and closely related extinct families of marsupials)
1200:
699:
516:
284:
can detect, catch and eat food faster than the human eye can follow.
197:
58:
2349:
2200:
1704:
88:. Moles are found in most parts of North America, Europe and Asia.
2310:
1440:
1435:
1384:
1383:
1362:
1329:
1153:
1132:
366:, both of which were previously placed in the now-abandoned order
355:
ancestors, and as such may not be fully described by the article.
352:
326:
314:
252:
244:
236:
224:
207:
172:
refers to throwing, hence "one who throws soil" or "dirt-tosser".
81:
45:
34:
1424:
27:
2204:
1926:"Marsh-dwelling mole gives new meaning to the term 'fast food'"
1794:
1196:: modern live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
1156:, and even to a lesser extent to American marsupials, such as
213:
2297:
1411:. Problems cited as caused by moles include contamination of
351:" represent an intermediate form between the moles and their
2025:
Mammals: An
Outline of Thierology (Ssaki. Zarys teriologii)
1468:
and are inserted in the mole tunnels, where they turn into
175:
Male moles are called "boars"; females are called "sows".
1999:"Moles | What Do Moles Eat & Other Facts About Moles"
1689:
Arlton, A.V. (1936). "An
Ecological Study of the Mole".
1483:
Other common defensive measures include cat litter and
1189:: live-bearing mammals and their prehistoric relatives
2191:
UK Government DEFRA paper on control the European mole
1848:. University of Zurich. 12 July 2011. Archived from
1376:" for a tough cotton fabric is in common use today.
1282:(only genus of marsupial moles with living species)
638:: Five species in China, Bhutan, and Myanmar (Burma)
76:
The word "mole" refers to any species in the family
2213:
520:: Nine species from Japan, Korea, and eastern China
1816:"Secret of how moles breathe underground revealed"
694:The golden moles belong to the same branch on the
1369:meaning mole) but it is readily dyed any color.
425:: Hairy-tailed mole (northeastern North America)
1254:(bilbies, bandicoots and rainforest bandicoots)
1415:with soil particles, making it unpalatable to
1380:Pest status - extermination and humane options
573:: Long-tailed mole (China and Myanmar (Burma))
2027:. Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 321.
706:, which, in turn, stem from a main branch of
452:: Western North American moles (five species)
8:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
1399:in some countries, while in others, such as
463:: Old World moles, desmans, and shrew moles
1275:(living and extinct marsupial mole genera)
555:: Thirteen species, Europe and western Asia
239:, independently evolved but similar to the
2201:
1786:The Illustrated History of the Countryside
1742:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2196:British Traditional Molecatchers Register
2055:
1623:
1613:
1988:. California Department of Fish and Game
108:, the mole was also known in English as
1924:Salisbury, David F. (2 February 2005).
1874:. Pest-management.co.uk. Archived from
1580:
1548:
267:, but their diet primarily consists of
100:In Middle English, moles were known as
1735:
1337:Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News
2107:. Extermine.com. 2004. Archived from
2057:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026238
1846:"How the mole got its twelve fingers"
1790:The boke of surveying and improvments
73:with large paws adapted for digging.
7:
2337:bcbbea7b-f6b6-4c94-bcf5-40753a8af02f
398:: Star-nosed mole (the sole species)
255:with testicular and ovary tissues).
2082:. furcommission.com. Archived from
2142:from the original on 24 March 2014
1670:from the original on 24 March 2010
1395:Moles are considered agricultural
748:: tenrecs, 34 species in 10 genera
649:Many groups of burrowing animals (
389:: Star-nosed mole (North America)
362:relation between the mole and the
14:
2162:"Moles take up Roman archaeology"
1952:"Moles their biology and control"
1476:gas). More recently, high-grade
1365:, (derived from the French noun
1355:Edward VII of the United Kingdom
247:, the mole's closest relatives.
2130:Howard, Martin (1 April 2010).
358:On the other hand, there is no
1822:. 20 July 2010. Archived from
1647:Riddle, Joseph Edmond (1838).
434:: Eastern mole (North America)
1:
1788:page 130 (quoting J. Seddon,
2023:Kowalski, Kazimierz (1976).
1928:. EurekAlert. Archived from
1897:Attenborough, David (2002).
1726:Streitberger, Merle (2016).
1615:10.1371/journal.pone.0011810
30:, a small mouse-like rodent.
1954:. Icwdm.org. Archived from
1903:. London: BBC. p. 44.
1407:, but may be killed with a
681:of southern Africa and the
2533:
2132:"Why we need eccentricity"
1666:. University of Manitoba.
1472:gas (not be confused with
1060:Calcochloris obtusirostris
1016:Amblysomus septentrionalis
336:
332:Northern broad-footed mole
25:
18:
2105:"How to get rid of moles"
1460:gas to drive moles away.
1300:(northern marsupial mole)
1291:(southern marsupial mole)
16:Small subterranean mammal
1664:"Mole Distribution Maps"
1510:Moles can inadvertently
1042:Calcochloris leucorhinus
894:Rough-haired golden mole
866:Chrysochloris stuhlmanni
754:Suborder Chrysochloridea
609:: New World shrew moles
26:Not to be confused with
1768:23 January 2017 at the
1762:Life of Sir Thomas More
1430:Moles burrow and raise
1321:Interaction with humans
1217:: New World marsupials
1203:: live-bearing mammals
914:De Winton's golden mole
888:Chrysospalax trevelyani
862:Stuhlmann's golden mole
582:: Japanese shrew moles
1449:
1392:
1341:
1240:Australian marsupials
1141:
986:Amblysomus hottentotus
848:Chrysochloris visagiei
838:Chrysochloris asiatica
759:Family Chrysochloridae
334:
324:
216:
69:, and short, powerful
63:subterranean lifestyle
51:
43:
2462:Paleobiology Database
2449:Paleobiology Database
2080:"Furs types in brief"
1444:
1387:
1333:
1187:Subclass Theriiformes
1136:
1112:Neamblysomus gunningi
1108:Gunning's golden mole
1102:Neamblysomus julianae
1098:Juliana's golden mole
982:Hottentot golden mole
924:Van Zyl's golden mole
918:Cryptochloris wintoni
898:Chrysospalax villosus
844:Visagie's golden mole
808:Sclater's golden mole
651:pink fairy armadillos
600:: Japanese shrew mole
337:Further information:
330:
318:
211:
184:Underground breathing
49:
38:
21:Mole (disambiguation)
2332:Fauna Europaea (new)
1984:13 July 2013 at the
1958:on 27 September 2013
1692:Journal of Mammalogy
1080:Calcochloris tytonis
1012:Highveld golden mole
992:Marley's golden mole
812:Chlorotalpa sclateri
802:Chlorotalpa duthieae
798:Duthie's golden mole
675:convergent evolution
629:: Asian shrew moles
443:: Gansu mole (China)
416:: Medog mole (China)
106:Early Modern English
2510:Mammal common names
1978:Scapanus townsendii
1900:The life of mammals
1606:2010PLoSO...511810K
1512:help archaeologists
1466:aluminium phosphide
1434:, killing parts of
1297:Notoryctes caurinus
1288:Notoryctes typhlops
1006:Amblysomus robustus
944:Grant's golden mole
778:Arends' golden mole
710:mammals called the
667:pygmy mole crickets
591:: True's shrew mole
564:: Long-tailed mole
511:: Ten Asian species
249:Androgenic steroids
231:from a transformed
168:refers to soil and
2500:Agricultural pests
1450:
1393:
1391:in eastern Bohemia
1342:
1142:
1076:Somali golden mole
1056:Yellow golden mole
1002:Robust golden mole
996:Amblysomus marleyi
976:Amblysomus corriae
972:Fynbos golden mole
928:Cryptochloris zyli
782:Carpitalpa arendsi
502:: Old World moles
407:: New World moles
382:: New World moles
335:
325:
217:
192:that has a higher
122:Germanic languages
52:
44:
2487:
2486:
2436:Open Tree of Life
2207:Taxon identifiers
1932:on 16 August 2016
1662:Campbell, Kevin.
1456:, which produces
1405:protected species
1334:Advertisement in
1038:Congo golden mole
948:Eremitalpa granti
884:Giant golden mole
696:phylogenetic tree
531:White-tailed mole
2522:
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2444:
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2418:
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2415:NHMSYS0000376159
2405:
2404:
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2149:
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2127:
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2111:on 26 April 2012
2101:
2088:
2087:
2086:on 21 July 2011.
2076:
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2059:
2035:
2029:
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1652:
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1638:
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1627:
1617:
1585:
1568:
1553:
1500:William Buckland
1266:Notoryctemorphia
1231:(shrew opossums)
1229:Paucituberculata
834:Cape golden mole
544:Short-faced mole
303:Social structure
297:Townsend's moles
116:, a word having
2532:
2531:
2525:
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2317:
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2160:
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2129:
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2124:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1986:Wayback Machine
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1896:
1895:
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1881:
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1870:
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1865:
1855:
1853:
1852:on 23 July 2011
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1826:on 23 July 2010
1814:
1813:
1809:
1782:Rackham, Oliver
1780:
1776:
1770:Wayback Machine
1755:
1751:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1705:10.2307/1374401
1688:
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1572:
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1554:
1550:
1545:
1528:
1508:
1497:
1454:calcium carbide
1382:
1351:Queen Alexandra
1328:
1323:
1252:Peramelemorphia
1238:Australidelphia
1222:Didelphimorphia
1131:
1129:Marsupial moles
765:Chrysochlorinae
692:
683:marsupial moles
647:
533:, southern Asia
492:Pyrenean desman
370:. As a result,
341:
339:List of talpids
313:
305:
290:
282:star-nosed mole
261:
206:
186:
181:
179:Characteristics
98:
84:word for mole,
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2319:Fauna Europaea
2315:
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2250:
2235:
2219:
2217:
2211:
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2199:
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2186:
2185:External links
2183:
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2179:
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2122:
2089:
2071:
2030:
2015:
1990:
1969:
1943:
1916:
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1863:
1837:
1807:
1774:
1757:Roper, William
1749:
1718:
1699:(4): 349–371.
1681:
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1255:
1248:
1245:Dasyuromorphia
1234:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1184:
1175:: monotremes (
1164:Class Mammalia
1139:marsupial mole
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
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1120:
1119:
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1070:incertae sedis
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480:Russian desman
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312:
311:Classification
309:
304:
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289:
286:
260:
257:
205:
202:
185:
182:
180:
177:
170:varp/vad/varpa
166:muld/mull/mold
97:
94:
15:
13:
10:
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2045:
2044:Mol Biol Evol
2041:
2034:
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2019:
2016:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
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1878:on 1 May 2009
1877:
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1841:
1838:
1825:
1821:
1820:The Telegraph
1817:
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1804:0-297-84335-4
1801:
1797:
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1600:(7): e11810.
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1260:
1259:Diprotodontia
1256:
1253:
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1241:
1239:
1235:
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1223:
1219:
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1211:
1210:: marsupials
1209:
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908:Cryptochloris
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829:Chrysochloris
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822:Chrysochloris
818:
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740:Tenrecomorpha
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713:
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704:Tenrecomorpha
701:
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689:
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684:
680:
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672:
668:
664:
663:mole crickets
660:
656:
652:
645:Other "moles"
644:
637:
636:
631:
630:
628:
624:
617:
616:
611:
610:
608:
607:Neurotrichini
604:
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584:
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566:
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562:Scaptonychini
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413:Alpiscaptulus
409:
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234:
233:sesamoid bone
230:
229:embryogenesis
226:
222:
215:
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95:
93:
89:
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83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
64:
61:adapted to a
60:
56:
50:Various moles
48:
42:
41:European mole
37:
33:
29:
22:
2214:
2170:. Retrieved
2168:. 3 May 2013
2165:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2136:The Guardian
2135:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2084:the original
2074:
2050:(1): 60–67.
2047:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:
1993:
1977:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:the original
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1919:
1899:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1876:the original
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:the original
1819:
1810:
1793:
1792:– [
1789:
1785:
1777:
1761:
1752:
1732:. Osnabrück.
1728:
1721:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1657:
1648:
1642:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1509:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1451:
1429:
1394:
1371:
1366:
1343:
1335:
1295:
1286:
1273:Notoryctidae
1215:Ameridelphia
1199:Supercohort
1186:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1143:
1111:
1101:
1092:Neamblysomus
1090:
1079:
1068:
1059:
1051:Calcochloris
1050:
1041:
1032:
1026:Calcochloris
1024:
1015:
1005:
995:
985:
975:
964:
959:Amblysominae
947:
936:
927:
917:
906:
897:
887:
878:Chrysospalax
876:
865:
856:
847:
837:
828:
820:
811:
801:
790:
781:
770:
758:
753:
733:AFROSORICIDA
730:
712:Afrosoricida
693:
690:Golden moles
679:golden moles
648:
633:
615:Neurotrichus
613:
595:
586:
568:
550:
539:Scaptochirus
537:
524:
515:
506:
485:
473:
447:
438:
429:
420:
411:
393:
372:Eulipotyphla
360:monophyletic
357:
342:
319:
306:
294:
291:
279:
262:
218:
204:Extra thumbs
187:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
129:
113:
109:
101:
99:
90:
85:
75:
54:
53:
32:
2358:iNaturalist
2239:Wikispecies
1532:Molecatcher
1506:Archaeology
1236:Superorder
1208:Marsupialia
1192:Infraclass
1172:Prototheria
857:Kilimatalpa
792:Chlorotalpa
627:Uropsilinae
580:Urotrichini
526:Parascaptor
508:Euroscaptor
422:Parascalops
387:Condylurini
368:Insectivora
349:shrew moles
343:The family
241:giant panda
219:Moles have
96:Terminology
80:, from the
2505:Body plans
2494:Categories
2172:16 January
2138:. London.
1910:0563534230
1575:References
1485:blood meal
1462:Strychnine
1372:The term "
1280:Notoryctes
1224:(opossums)
1213:Magnorder
1194:Holotheria
966:Amblysomus
957:Subfamily
938:Eremitalpa
772:Carpitalpa
763:Subfamily
746:Tenrecidae
671:mole crabs
655:tuco-tucos
625:Subfamily
597:Urotrichus
459:Subfamily
440:Scapanulus
380:Scalopinae
378:Subfamily
269:earthworms
263:Moles are
221:polydactyl
190:hemoglobin
114:mouldiwarp
110:mouldywarp
57:are small
1936:19 August
1882:19 August
1830:19 August
1738:cite book
1565:Moldywarp
1561:Moldiwarp
1557:Mouldwarp
1516:molehills
1470:phosphine
1458:acetylene
1447:mole trap
1432:molehills
1417:livestock
1389:Molehills
1170:Subclass
1150:kangaroos
1067:Subgenus
1049:Subgenus
1031:Subgenus
855:Subgenus
827:Subgenus
738:Suborder
724:aardvarks
716:elephants
708:placental
702:, called
659:mole rats
635:Uropsilus
588:Dymecodon
570:Scaptonyx
468:Desmanini
405:Scalopini
395:Condylura
321:Uropsilus
265:omnivores
164:), where
162:moldvarpa
146:Icelandic
138:Norwegian
120:in other
102:moldwarps
71:forelimbs
67:hindlimbs
2515:Talpidae
2402:13700625
2259:Talpidae
2245:Talpidae
2224:Wikidata
2215:Talpidae
2166:BBC News
2140:Archived
2066:10666706
2008:24 April
2003:The RSPB
1982:Archived
1766:Archived
1674:11 March
1668:Archived
1634:20676369
1594:PLOS ONE
1537:Molehill
1526:See also
1478:nitrogen
1474:phosgene
1374:moleskin
1359:Scotland
1349:supple.
1294:Species
1285:Species
1181:platypus
1179:and the
1177:echidnas
1158:opossums
1146:Eutheria
720:manatees
461:Talpinae
449:Scapanus
431:Scalopus
364:hedgehog
345:Talpidae
288:Breeding
194:affinity
154:moldvarp
150:muldvarp
130:Maulwurf
124:such as
118:cognates
78:Talpidae
2230:Q104825
2115:17 July
1962:12 July
1872:"Moles"
1856:17 July
1798:])
1759:(1557)
1713:1374401
1625:2911378
1602:Bibcode
1421:weasels
1401:Germany
1271:Family
1206:Cohort
744:Family
700:tenrecs
698:as the
546:, China
500:Talpini
487:Galemys
475:Desmana
235:in the
158:mullvad
142:Swedish
132:), and
59:mammals
2477:107127
2474:uBio:
2441:222358
2389:179962
2376:104338
2311:1TALPF
2146:13 May
2064:
1907:
1802:
1711:
1632:
1622:
1520:sherds
1413:silage
1409:permit
1340:, 1921
1278:Genus
1264:Order
1257:Order
1250:Order
1243:Order
1227:Order
1220:Order
1201:Theria
1154:koalas
1089:Genus
1033:Huetia
1023:Genus
963:Genus
935:Genus
905:Genus
875:Genus
819:Genus
789:Genus
769:Genus
731:ORDER
669:, and
632:Genus
612:Genus
605:Tribe
594:Genus
585:Genus
578:Tribe
567:Genus
560:Tribe
549:Genus
536:Genus
523:Genus
517:Mogera
514:Genus
505:Genus
498:Tribe
484:Genus
472:Genus
466:Tribe
446:Genus
437:Genus
428:Genus
419:Genus
410:Genus
403:Tribe
392:Genus
385:Tribe
253:gonads
245:shrews
198:oxygen
134:Danish
126:German
92:soil.
2467:40398
2454:67887
2371:IRMNG
2363:46927
2324:12621
1709:JSTOR
1555:Also
1543:Notes
1436:lawns
1425:voles
1397:pests
1367:taupe
1363:taupe
1326:Pelts
552:Talpa
353:shrew
274:toxin
237:wrist
225:thumb
212:Mole
86:talpa
82:Latin
55:Moles
2428:9373
2423:NCBI
2384:ITIS
2350:9469
2345:GBIF
2306:EPPO
2298:8715
2267:BOLD
2174:2023
2148:2010
2117:2011
2062:PMID
2010:2023
1964:2013
1938:2016
1905:ISBN
1884:2016
1858:2011
1832:2016
1800:ISBN
1744:link
1676:2010
1630:PMID
1518:for
1495:Meat
1423:and
722:and
280:The
259:Diet
144:and
28:vole
2410:NBN
2397:MSW
2293:EoL
2285:GWL
2280:CoL
2272:979
2254:ADW
2052:doi
1795:sic
1701:doi
1620:PMC
1610:doi
1346:nap
1152:or
214:paw
196:to
112:or
2496::
2464::
2451::
2438::
2425::
2412::
2399::
2386::
2373::
2360::
2347::
2334::
2321::
2308::
2295::
2282::
2269::
2256::
2241::
2226::
2164:.
2134:.
2092:^
2060:.
2048:17
2046:.
2042:.
2001:.
1818:.
1784:,
1740:}}
1736:{{
1707:.
1697:17
1695:.
1628:.
1618:.
1608:.
1596:.
1592:.
1563:,
1559:,
1445:A
1137:A
718:,
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661:,
657:,
653:,
542::
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160:,
156:,
152:,
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39:A
2176:.
2150:.
2119:.
2068:.
2054::
2012:.
1966:.
1940:.
1913:.
1886:.
1860:.
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1100:(
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1014:(
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864:(
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846:(
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836:(
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810:(
804:)
800:(
784:)
780:(
489::
477::
148:(
128:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
