667:, and were often more expensive. Its devices were slow to incorporate use of electronics, and while its type library was of high quality, changing tastes and the development of other companies' libraries competed with this. Its type library was also easily pirated, since fonts have only limited copyright protection. The company was eventually split into three divisions: Monotype International, which manufactured spinning mirror switched laser beam phototypesetters; Monotype Limited, which continued the hot metal machines; and Monotype Typography, which designed and sold typefaces. A research and development department was set up in
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turned over so that the first holes read on each line set the width of the variable space. The subsequent holes determine the position of a frame, or die case, that holds the set of matrices for the face being used. Each matrix is a rectangle of bronze recessed with the shape of the letter. Once the matrix is positioned over the mould that forms the body of the type being cast, molten type metal is injected.
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471:—a direct competitor—formed a complete line of type in one bar. Editing these required replacing an entire line (and if the replacement ran onto another line, the rest of the paragraph). But Linotype slugs were easier to handle if moving a complete section of text around a page. This was more useful for "quick" printing - such as newspapers.
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The surviving records of the progress of some of the classic typefaces demonstrate that their exemplary final quality was due to a relentless willingness on the part of 'the works' to make and remake the punches over and over again until the result was satisfactory. The progression of series 270 from
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in mass-market printing. This offered considerable efficiencies, such as no need to print books from solid metal type, quicker setting of type and a reduced number of operators needed. It also promised a more diverse and exciting range of fonts than that possible with hot metal, where it is necessary
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Monotype made the transition to cold type and began to market its own "Monophoto" phototypesetting systems, but these suffered from problems. Its first devices were heavily based on hot metal machinery, with glass pictures of characters which would be reproduced on photographic paper replacing the
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designs. However, by the 1920s, the company's
British branch was well known for commissioning popular, historically influenced designs that revived some of the best typefaces of the past, with particular attention to the early period of printing from the Renaissance to the late eighteenth century.
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The keyboard operator types the copy, each key punching holes in a roll of paper tape that will control the separate caster. A drum on the keyboard indicates to the operator the space required for each line. This information is also punched in the paper. Before fitting the tape to the caster it is
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Monotype in the UK continued to enjoy prestige through the 1970s with the patronage of major
British printers such as the university presses at Oxford and Cambridge; it also enjoyed some success with its Lasercomp laser-based typesetting system from the 1970s onwards, developed by the Cambridge
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on 5 March and four days later
Monotype Typography Ltd. was established. Cromas Holdings, an investment company based in Switzerland, bought the Monotype Corporation Ltd. and Monotype Inc. (excluding Monotype Typography) and five other direct subsidiary companies in France, Germany, Italy, the
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and draughtsman Fritz
Stelzer (the latter two both recruited from the German printing industry, although Pierpont was American), under managing director William Isaac Burch, who led the company from 1924 to 1942. Despite tensions within the company, particularly between the historically minded
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Monotype enjoyed, in
Britain at least, something approaching a monopoly in book and better-quality magazine typesetting.. .Monotype exploited the glamor of its new typefaces... with brilliant publicity, for which Morison and his devoted young American recruit Beatrice Warde were partly
771:
In June 2002, Monotype
Systems Limited was re-branded, IPA Systems Limited, as this marked the end of the existing trademark licence with Monotype Corporation. In the US Monotype Inc became alfaQuest Technologies Limited. Both companies still sell pre-press software and hardware.
798:. A Chinese "keyboard" was developed to typeset Chinese characters; it consisted of a book with a stylus. As the pages were turned, the page number was detected electrically and this was combined with the position of the character selected by the stylus on a large grid.
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Netherlands, and
Singapore. Monotype Systems Ltd. was the adopted name for the new organization with Peter Purdy as Chairman, the name Monotype was under license from Monotype Typography Ltd which retained the trademark Monotype. Monotype Systems Ltd. focused on selling
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the weak
Poliphilus Modernised to the familiar Bembo is an object lesson in the success of this technique. That it was Pierpont himself who was central to this drive for quality is made abundantly clear by the abrupt changes that are seen after his retirement in 1937.
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The
Monotype machine worked by casting letters from "hot metal" (molten metal) as pieces of type. Thus spelling mistakes could be corrected by adding or removing individual letters. This was particularly useful for "quality" printing - such as books. In contrast, the
686:
Monotype, however, has continued in business, for instance marketing typeface designs to third-party buyers, computing companies such as
Microsoft (many fonts on Microsoft computers in particular are Monotype-designed) and companies and organisations such as
566:, and the company maintained high standards of development allowing it to produce designs with good spacing, careful adaptation of the same basic design to different sizes and even color on the page, essential qualities for balanced body text.
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The American branch lagged behind the British in artistic reputation. Their designs are now often rather obscure, since (unlike products from the British branch) few have been made widely available through bundling with
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Cromas Holdings reorganized its publishing interests with the formation of the International Publishing Asset Holding Ltd. effectively controlling Monotype Systems Ltd., QED Technology Ltd., and GB Techniques Ltd.
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matrices used to cast metal type. While this reduced the need for retraining, the resulting devices often set type slowly compared to legacy-free next-generation devices from providers such as Photon and
271:, that produced texts automatically, all single type. Monotype was involved in the design and production of many typefaces in the 20th century. Monotype developed many of the most widely used
1331:"Menu & Programme of Arrangements at The Dinner on December 17–1937 on the completion of the 40th year of the Lanston Monotype Corporation Limited, Founded in London 13 December 1897"
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Monotype's role in design history is not merely due to their supply of printing equipment but due to their commissioning of many of the most important typefaces of the twentieth century.
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Keeping America Informed: The United States Government Printing Office 150 Years of Service to the Nation: The United States Government Printing Office 150 Years of Service to the Nation
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This issue of Monotype is set in a trial font of a new version of Garamond's design ... the type ornaments, modelled on 16th century ones, will also be available.
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On 18 September 2006, the company acquired China Type Design Limited, a typeface design and production company based in Hong Kong. CTDL was responsible for developing
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779:-Compugraphic acquired the company, which was renamed Agfa Monotype. In late 2004, after six years under the Agfa Corporation, the Monotype assets were acquired by
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for entering the type being introduced in 1906. This arrangement addressed the need to vary the space between words so that all lines were the same length.
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interest in printing into the more workaday world of general-purpose printing. Key executives of the company in this period included historian and adviser
2244:"Monotype Imaging Acquires China Type Design Limited; Acquisition Sets Up Expansion of Font Solutions into Asian Consumer Electronics and Printer Markets"
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787:. The company was incorporated as Monotype Imaging, with a focus on the company's traditional core competencies of typography and professional printing.
585:... benevolent monopolies ruled by autocrats who revelled in the role of patron of the arts on a scale exceeding that of Italian Renaissance princes.
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The English Monotype Corporation of the interwar years looks in retrospect rather like one of the great public bodies of the period, for example the
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around 1897 under the name Lanston Monotype Corporation Ltd, generally known as the Monotype Corporation. In 1899, a new factory was built in
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2018:
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In 2003, the company launched Fontwise, the first software to audit desktops for licensed and unlicensed (not necessarily illegal) fonts.
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On 11 December 2009, the company acquired Planetweb, a developer specialized in applications and development tools for embedded devices.
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Monotype entered a decline from the 1960s onwards. This was caused by the reduction in use of hot metal typesetting and replacement with
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running on general-purpose computers ate away at its competitiveness in the market of complete typesetting solutions by the 1990s.
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408:, in 1887. Lanston had a patented mechanical method of punching out metal types from cold strips of metal which were set (hence
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and the UK parliament requiring custom digital typefaces. Much of its metal type equipment and archives were donated to the
833:, a provider of fonts and font technologies used in computers, mobile devices, consumer electronics and software products.
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where it has been located for over a century. The company was of sufficient size to justify the construction of its own
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819:. The deal also secured an exclusive relationship with Creative Calligraphy Center (CCC), a font production company in
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The history and decline of the hot metal American Lanston Monotype Corporation is described in full detail by
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The company acquired Berthold Communications; the UK subsidiary of the German composing equipment supplier.
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This series of releases was a major part of the typographic renaissance of the period, an expansion of the
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from Global Graphics plc. In late 2021 it continued its expansion by acquiring iconic New York company
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and became the Monotype Corporation Ltd. Board members of the company included future Prime Minister
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2208:"Agfa Monotype Launches Fontwise from Monotype, the World's First Font Licence Management Solution"
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The history of the English brand can be found in: Judy Slinn, Sebastian Carter, Richard Southall:
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The typesetting machines were continually improved in the early years of the 20th century, with a
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faction of Morison and Warde and Pierpont in Salfords, notable typefaces commissioned included
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font sale website used by many independent designers and its WhatTheFont recognition service.
734:
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358:
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1448:"Innovative Industrial Design and Modern Public Culture: The Monotype Corporation, 1922–1932"
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Badaracco, Claire (1996). "Rational Language and Print Design in Communication Management".
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497:(typesetter operator) training school in London. In 1936, the company was floated on the
333:
and Colophon Foundry, the company has gained the rights to major font families including
1922:
630:
The founding-stone of the former Monotype House in London, now in the collection of the
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858:. A few months later, on January 27, 2020, the company added FontSmith, an independent
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1847:"Reviving the Classics: Matthew Carter and the Interpretation of Historical Models"
1734:
Third Tripartite Technical Meeting for the Printing and Allied Trades, Geneva, 1990
1615:
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749:
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570:
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247:, is an American (historically Anglo-American) company that specializes in digital
240:
102:
17:
2501:
1540:
1192:"A famous type foundry's sale to a PE-backed giant has rattled the font industry"
1165:
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The company's first face, issued in 1896, was a rather generic design, now named
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research group. However, new technology and finally publishing software such as
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Monotype was the first company to produce a digital version of the handwritten
392:
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2455:
Monotype announces deal to acquire Fontworks – an iconic Japanese type foundry
974:
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158:
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1849:. In Mosley, James; Re, Margaret; Drucker, Johanna; Carter, Matthew (eds.).
1080:
1006:
754:
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595:
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technology—in particular the Monotype machine, which was a fully mechanical
573:, who worked closely with Monotype in the 1950s and onwards, has commented:
328:
2430:"Monotype Announces the Acquisition of Iconic Type Foundry Hoefler&Co"
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840:, a digital font retailer. The deal also gave Monotype ownership of the
365:, used by many independent font design studios. The company is owned by
3106:
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841:
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On 2 October 2006, the company acquired Linotype GmbH, a subsidiary of
362:
3162:
2737:
2682:
2558:
2324:"Monotype Imaging Completes Acquisition of Bitstream's Font Business"
1737:. International Labour Organization. 1 January 1990. pp. 12–29.
944:
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On May 18, 2020, Monotype made another major expansion by purchasing
859:
820:
784:
635:
529:
456:
444:
354:
342:
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in 1989), thus increasing its library with well-known fonts such as
2521:
Tolbert Lanston and the Monotype: The Origin of Digital Typesetting
708:
Tolbert Lanston and the Monotype. The origin of digital Typesetting
659:
to own life-size matrices for every size of every font to be used.
3256:
3207:
3150:
2784:
2704:
1306:
The Skilled Compositor, 1850–1914: An Aristocrat Among Working Men
1046:
935:
923:
641:
625:
512:
428:. The licenses for the Lanston type library have been acquired by
391:
288:
284:
2492:"Pastonchi: a specimen of a new letter for use on the Monotype".
606:
which were well received at the time, and on staff type designer
776:
505:, Vice-Chairman, and other businessmen connected to publishing.
366:
151:
139:
3908:
3346:
2562:
1881:
578:
2360:"HGGC Completes Acquisition of Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc"
2062:"Book Antiqua Parliamentary (Freedom of Information request)"
2010:
History of Oxford University Press: Volume III: 1896 to 1970
1898:
Handbook of Print Media: Technologies and Production Methods
1362:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
888:
In 2023, Monotype acquired Japanese type foundry Fontworks.
263:, the company has been responsible for many developments in
219:
1457:. 20 (second series). Business History Conference: 226–233
1660:"An appreciation of Frederic W. Goudy as a type designer"
443:
In a search for funding, the company set up a branch in
424:
machine and Monotype issued Modern Condensed, its first
1992:
Wallis, Lawrence. "Monotype: the long slippery slope".
1901:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1045.
881:, Knockout, Mercury, Sentinel, Chronicle, Decimal, and
517:
A sample of various Monotype designs in digital format.
854:
In October 2019 Monotype changed ownership to HGGC, a
489:
To promote its image, the company ran a magazine, the
2299:"Monotype gets more digital, buys Bitstream font biz"
2060:
Castle, Bob; Carpenter, Victoria (6 September 2010).
1166:"Where do fonts come from? This one business, mostly"
815:, the default traditional Chinese interface font for
493:, over most of the twentieth century, and also ran a
3335:
Dates are approximate only. Not all typefaces shown.
851:, the last large independent digital font retailer.
400:
The Lanston Monotype Machine Company was founded by
3679:
3661:
3608:
3578:
3547:
3529:
3474:
3400:
3299:
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3231:
3197:
3174:
3093:
3025:
3011:
2812:
2669:
2631:
2597:
1851:
Typographically Speaking: The Art of Matthew Carter
1636:
A half-century of type design and typography, vol 1
1248:Office (U.S.), Government Printing (29 July 2011).
214:
157:
145:
135:
125:
109:
85:
68:
58:
46:
3496:Benjamin Thompson House — Count Rumford Birthplace
2547:The Works of the Lanston Monotype Corporation, Ltd
1818:Philip G. Altbach; Edith S. Hoshino (8 May 2015).
1801:United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics (1984).
695:collection in London; other materials are held at
50:Lanston Monotype Machine Company (1887–1936)
1853:. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 31–34.
1763:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1993. pp. 470–507.
748:In 1992, The Monotype Corporation Ltd. appointed
671:to isolate it from day to day production issues.
1882:"Getting to Know "Monophoto" Filmsetters - 1963"
1686:Monotype: A Journal of Composing Room Efficiency
27:American typesetting and typeface design company
3955:Letterpress font foundries of the United States
74:machinery industry and plant construction
1821:International Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia
3521:Winn Memorial Library / Woburn Public Library
3358:
2574:
2523:. Tampa, Florida: University of Tampa Press.
2404:"Monotype Agrees to Acquire URW Type Foundry"
1807:. Bureau of Labor Statistics. pp. 316–7.
1774:Simon Eliot; Jonathan Rose (24 August 2011).
8:
1639:. New York: The Typophiles. pp. 121–124
783:, a private equity investment firm based in
744:Consolidation, reorganization, and expansion
32:
3960:Manufacturing companies established in 1887
1994:Bulletin of the Printing Historical Society
1780:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 286–289.
1298:
1296:
54:Agfa Monotype Corporation (1999–2004)
3605:
3365:
3351:
3343:
3331:
2581:
2567:
2559:
2342:"Monotype Acquires FontShop International"
1309:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 111–121.
76:
38:
31:
2280:"Monotype Imaging Acquires Ascender Corp"
829:On 8 December 2010, the company acquired
823:, China, with 30 production specialists.
646:An index of typefaces issued by Monotype.
3970:Technology companies established in 1887
3945:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
2168:
2036:"The day the typesetting industry died"
1964:Journal of the Printing History Society
1950:
1948:
1946:
1545:Journal of the Printing History Society
1360:A history of Cambridge University Press
1144:
723:The History of the Monotype Corporation
610:, who created the geometric sans-serif
3975:American companies established in 1887
3491:Baldwin House — Loammi Baldwin Mansion
1777:A Companion to the History of the Book
847:On 15 July 2014, the company acquired
420:. In 1896, Lanston patented the first
52:Monotype Corporation (1936–1999)
3506:First Congregational Church in Woburn
2262:"Monotype Imaging Acquires Planetweb"
100:(as Lanston Monotype Machine Company)
7:
3950:Design companies established in 1887
3897:
2226:"MONOTYPE IMAGING ACQUIRES LINOTYPE"
836:In March 2012, the company acquired
3930:1887 establishments in Pennsylvania
3004:Palace and Dorchester Script (1938)
2641:(1911) and Italian Old Style (1919)
1562:Rhatigan, Daniel (September 2014).
714:bought the "Lanston Type Co." from
3420:Groundwater contamination incident
1512:"Fonts designed by Monotype Staff"
304:International Typeface Corporation
172:International Typeface Corporation
25:
1164:Friedman, Sara (25 August 2023).
926:(Nicholas, Saunders et al., 1982)
3896:
3330:
2181:Spring, Jessica (14 June 2008).
2088:Walters, John; Esterson, Simon.
2013:. OUP Oxford. pp. 277–307.
579:British Broadcasting Corporation
237:Lanston Monotype Machine Company
72:Pre-press and pre-media services
3389:Middlesex County, Massachusetts
2145:"The materials of typefounding"
1957:"Monotype and Phototypesetting"
1895:Helmut Kipphan (31 July 2001).
1618:. "Eric Gill's Perpetua Type".
1455:Business & Economic History
1276:"Monotype Recorder back issues"
1190:Quito, Anne (23 October 2021).
598:products. The company employed
1680:Rogers, Bruce (January 1923).
1303:Patrick Duffy (2 March 2017).
1254:. Government Printing Office.
862:foundry, to its font catalog.
614:as a competitor to the German
233:Monotype Imaging Holdings Inc.
1:
3940:2004 mergers and acquisitions
3935:1999 mergers and acquisitions
2378:"Monotype Acquires Fontsmith"
2114:Shaw, Paul; Carter, Matthew.
2007:Maw, Martin (November 2013).
1804:Occupational Outlook Handbook
1280:Metal Type Library collection
3560:Brannen Brothers Flutemakers
2554:Lanston Monotype Co. history
2496:. s4-IX (4): 421–422. 1928.
2183:"P22: Fond Found Typography"
91:; 137 years ago
3539:Woburn Memorial High School
2502:10.1093/library/s4-IX.4.421
1927:. Monotype. 1957. pp.
1358:McKitterick, David (2004).
806:Heidelberger Druckmaschinen
733:, Woodstock, London, 2014,
731:Printing historical Society
604:several serif font projects
298:Via acquisitions including
3991:
2870:Zarotto/Mardersteig (1932)
2116:"Some history about Arial"
2090:"Features: Robin Nicholas"
1924:The Monotype: How It Works
1541:"Review: A Tally of Types"
1446:Badaracco, Claire (1991).
960:(Rogers & Warde, 1929)
406:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
385:
3892:
3829:Ernest Cushing Richardson
3709:Benjamin Franklin Baldwin
3380:
3328:
2519:Hopkins, Richard (2012).
1824:. Routledge. p. 72.
37:
2615:French Round Face (1906)
1633:Goudy, Frederic (1946).
1547:. 3, new series: 63–67.
1221:. Chilton Company. 1899.
750:Administrative Receivers
539:Arts and Crafts movement
461:Salfords railway station
2925:(for the Greynog Press)
2120:Paul Shaw Letter Design
1966:: 57–77. Archived from
1152:2008 SEC Annual Report:
759:raster image processors
757:software and hardware,
3582:geographical landmarks
1845:Mosley, James (2003).
1594:"Time and Times again"
1564:"Gill Sans after Gill"
1234:United States Investor
647:
639:
591:
518:
397:
63:Privately held company
3965:Woburn, Massachusetts
3903:Woburn, Massachusetts
3670:Daily Times Chronicle
3374:Woburn, Massachusetts
2957:(for R & R Clark)
1955:Boag, Andrew (2000).
1129:, hot metal typefaces
645:
629:
575:
551:Frank Hinman Pierpont
549:, engineering expert
516:
499:London Stock Exchange
422:hot metal typesetting
395:
261:Woburn, Massachusetts
115:Woburn, Massachusetts
3905:at Wikimedia Commons
3739:Christopher J. Coyne
3689:Samuel Warren Abbott
3476:National Register of
3384:Incorporated in 1642
2900:Felix Titling (1934)
2297:Shankland, Stephen.
2250:. 18 September 2006.
2214:. 30 September 2003.
1760:Reports of Tax Cases
1237:. F.P.Bennett. 1922.
831:Ascender Corporation
545:, publicity manager
269:hot metal typesetter
257:consumer electronics
255:design for use with
177:Ascender Corporation
105:, Pennsylvania, U.S.
3819:Nicholas Paleologos
3699:Loammi Baldwin, Jr.
3694:James Fowle Baldwin
3501:First Burial Ground
3402:General information
3184:News Plantin (1979)
2741:(1926, private use)
2436:. 15 September 2021
2268:. 11 December 2009.
1123:typesetting machine
904:(Chris Brand, 1966)
856:private equity firm
371:private equity firm
339:ITC Franklin Gothic
34:
18:Monotype Typography
3774:John Martyn Harlow
3630:Lechmere Warehouse
3600:Mary Cummings Park
3580:Transportation and
2722:Goudy Heavy (1925)
2644:Forum Title (1911)
2624:Goudy Light (1908)
2366:. 11 October 2019.
2286:. 8 December 2010.
2067:Whatdotheyknow.com
1127:Monotype typefaces
1042:Monotype Grotesque
813:Microsoft JhengHei
704:Richard L. Hopkins
648:
640:
519:
398:
259:devices. Based in
131:Ninan Chacko (CEO)
3917:
3916:
3901:Media related to
3849:Benjamin Thompson
3729:Herbert L. Clarke
3724:Benjamin Champney
3681:Notable residents
3657:
3656:
3641:(limited service)
3466:Notable residents
3393:Population 38,120
3340:
3339:
3307:Classic Grotesque
3166:(general release)
3081:(general release)
2972:Twentieth Century
2711:Italian Old Style
2545:H. W. Westbrook.
2384:. 27 January 2020
2344:(Press release).
2228:(Press release).
2020:978-0-19-956840-6
1908:978-3-540-67326-2
1831:978-1-134-26126-0
1787:978-1-4443-5658-8
1744:978-92-2-107441-0
1316:978-1-351-88183-8
1261:978-0-16-089118-2
1102:Twentieth Century
1089:Tempest Titling (
871:Hoefler & Co.
612:Twentieth Century
491:Monotype Recorder
320:Hoefler & Co.
230:
229:
195:Hoefler & Co.
16:(Redirected from
3982:
3900:
3899:
3809:Dominic Mulrenan
3799:John J. McEleney
3784:Courtney Kennedy
3754:Carol A. Donovan
3606:
3565:Monotype Imaging
3555:Boston Acoustics
3367:
3360:
3353:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3267:Strayhorn (1995)
3238:Ellington (1990)
3141:Albertina (1964)
3120:(public release)
3068:Mercurius (1957)
3065:Castellar (1957)
3036:Festival Titling
2982:Van Dijck (1937)
2908:Van Dijck (1935)
2765:Pastonchi (1928)
2728:Horley Old Style
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2550:
2534:
2530:978-159732-100-6
2506:
2505:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2330:. 19 March 2012.
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1973:on 28 March 2016
1972:
1961:
1952:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1884:. 14 April 2017.
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1682:"Printer's Note"
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1420:. Archived from
1415:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1054:Pastonchi (1928)
1038:Mercurius Script
1016:Horley Old Style
995:Festival Titling
875:Jonathan Hoefler
867:URW Type Foundry
794:script, Persian
712:P22 type foundry
697:St Bride Library
689:London Transport
652:phototypesetting
583:London Transport
528:, influenced by
503:Harold Macmillan
469:Linotype machine
332:
273:typeface designs
226:
223:
221:
207:Colophon Foundry
200:URW Type Foundry
99:
97:
92:
81:
80:
42:
35:
33:Monotype Imaging
21:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3888:
3874:Philemon Wright
3869:Lyle R. Wheeler
3804:Mike McLaughlin
3744:Benjamin Cutter
3675:
3653:
3604:
3581:
3574:
3543:
3525:
3516:Middlesex Canal
3478:Historic Places
3477:
3470:
3396:
3376:
3371:
3341:
3336:
3324:
3295:
3276:
3264:Columbus (1992)
3227:
3193:
3170:
3089:
3032:Condensa (1951)
3021:
3007:
2966:(for J.M. Dent)
2904:Tempest Titling
2873:Monoline Script
2865:Times New Roman
2826:Ashley Crawford
2808:
2713:(Goudy, 1924/7)
2665:
2660:Caslon Old Face
2627:
2621:(1907 and 1920)
2593:
2587:
2544:
2541:
2539:Further reading
2531:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2348:. 16 July 2014.
2340:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2278:
2277:
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2260:
2259:
2255:
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2237:
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2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2040:What They Think
2034:Romano, Frank.
2033:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1592:Rhatigan, Dan.
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1490:10.2307/1511743
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1427:on 8 March 2021
1424:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1133:Monotype System
1117:
1112:
1097:Times New Roman
1012:Goudy Old Style
929:Ashley Crawford
894:
746:
681:Aldus PageMaker
624:
587:
586:
560:Times New Roman
543:Stanley Morison
511:
402:Tolbert Lanston
396:Monotype caster
390:
388:Monotype System
384:
382:Monotype System
379:
361:. It also owns
347:ITC Avant Garde
326:
277:Times New Roman
245:Tolbert Lanston
218:
210:
128:
121:
117:
101:
95:
93:
90:
75:
73:
53:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3988:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3922:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3909:City of Woburn
3906:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3879:Ruggles Wright
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3834:David Robinson
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:Patrick Natale
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:Nancy Kerrigan
3786:
3781:
3779:Edward Johnson
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3759:James J. Dwyer
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Edward Convers
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3704:Loammi Baldwin
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3590:Aberjona River
3586:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3461:Transportation
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3425:A Civil Action
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3247:Century Gothic
3244:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3181:Photina (1972)
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2882:Jocunda (1933)
2880:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2772:
2771:(1928 onwards)
2766:
2763:
2757:
2752:
2751:Othello (1928)
2749:
2746:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2529:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2484:
2458:
2447:
2421:
2395:
2369:
2351:
2333:
2315:
2289:
2271:
2253:
2235:
2232:. August 2006.
2217:
2199:
2173:
2161:
2132:
2106:
2080:
2052:
2026:
2019:
1999:
1984:
1942:
1914:
1907:
1887:
1873:
1859:
1837:
1830:
1810:
1793:
1786:
1766:
1750:
1743:
1724:
1707:"LTC Garamont"
1698:
1672:
1650:
1625:
1607:
1584:
1554:
1528:
1503:
1468:
1438:
1401:
1375:
1368:
1350:
1322:
1315:
1292:
1267:
1260:
1240:
1224:
1208:
1182:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1091:Berthold Wolpe
1087:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
982:
977:
972:
969:
966:
964:Century Gothic
961:
955:
952:
947:
942:
939:
933:
930:
927:
921:
915:
912:Berthold Wolpe
905:
899:
895:
893:
890:
838:Bitstream Inc.
761:and workflow.
745:
742:
739:978-0993051005
727:Vanbrugh Press
623:
620:
600:Frederic Goudy
547:Beatrice Warde
510:
507:
418:printing press
386:Main article:
383:
380:
378:
375:
228:
227:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
205:
202:
197:
192:
189:
184:
182:Bitstream Inc.
179:
174:
169:
163:
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
113:
111:
107:
106:
87:
83:
82:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:Thomas Carter
3717:
3715:
3714:Eric Bogosian
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3649:(closed 1981)
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:(closed 1996)
3631:
3628:
3626:
3625:(closed 1981)
3623:Cross Street
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
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1478:Design Issues
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1409:Shinn, Nick.
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321:
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36:
30:
19:
3844:Joanie Spina
3794:Buddy LeRoux
3769:Jack Garrity
3749:John Doherty
3668:
3662:Publications
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3619:Anderson RTC
3570:U-Turn Audio
3564:
3511:Jack's Diner
3441:Demographics
3424:
3252:Book Antiqua
3165:
3147:New Berolina
3119:
3080:
3050:Klang (1955)
2965:
2956:
2924:
2918:Grock (1935)
2912:
2740:
2619:Scotch Roman
2589:
2546:
2520:
2513:Bibliography
2493:
2487:
2477:15 September
2475:. Retrieved
2470:
2461:
2450:
2440:15 September
2438:. Retrieved
2433:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2407:
2398:
2386:. Retrieved
2381:
2372:
2354:
2336:
2318:
2308:16 September
2306:. Retrieved
2302:
2292:
2274:
2256:
2238:
2220:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2187:Boxcar Press
2186:
2176:
2169:Hopkins 2012
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2149:Type Foundry
2148:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2119:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2094:Eye magazine
2093:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1968:the original
1963:
1933:. Retrieved
1923:
1917:
1897:
1890:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1850:
1840:
1820:
1813:
1803:
1796:
1776:
1769:
1759:
1753:
1733:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1658:Shaw, Paul.
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1635:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1570:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1484:(1): 26–37.
1481:
1477:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1454:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1417:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1387:
1378:
1359:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1325:
1305:
1283:. Retrieved
1279:
1270:
1250:
1243:
1233:
1227:
1218:The Iron Age
1217:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:
1159:
1147:
887:
873:(created by
864:
853:
846:
835:
828:
825:
810:
803:
800:
789:
774:
770:
767:
763:
747:
722:
720:
707:
701:
685:
677:Quark XPress
673:
665:Compugraphic
661:
649:
632:Type Archive
592:
589:responsible.
576:
571:James Mosley
568:
534:Scotch Roman
525:
523:
520:
509:Typefounding
490:
488:
484:
473:
465:
442:
440:, New York.
434:type foundry
432:, a digital
409:
399:
297:
275:, including
241:Philadelphia
236:
232:
231:
159:Subsidiaries
110:Headquarters
103:Philadelphia
59:Company type
29:
3884:Rufus Wyman
3764:Glenn Foley
3319:Joanna Sans
3309:(2012/2016)
2995:Sachsenwald
2861:Littleworth
2832:Braggadocio
2695:Baskerville
2494:The Library
2467:"Pastonchi"
1577:26 December
1461:19 December
1175:8 September
710:. In 2004,
693:Type Museum
656:lithography
410:typesetting
327: [
249:typesetting
239:in 1887 in
3924:Categories
3864:Ken Weafer
3859:Hal Weafer
3839:Tom Rooney
3824:Ron Porter
3486:1790 House
3273:Gill Facia
3261:Carré Noir
3000:Haarlemmer
2843:Leysbourne
2797:Goudy Sans
2745:Bernard MT
2701:Poliphilus
2473:. Monotype
2388:27 January
1866:30 January
1717:3 December
1643:3 December
1620:Fine Print
1596:. Monotype
1516:Identifont
1390:. Monotype
1338:Metal Type
1201:24 October
1170:The Hustle
1139:References
1071:Poliphilus
975:Dubai Font
914:, 1932–40)
569:Historian
495:compositor
476:typewriter
127:Key people
3854:Tom Toner
3595:Horn Pond
3548:Companies
3531:Education
3456:Education
3446:Geography
3387:Based in
3213:Footlight
3137:Traveller
2937:Gill Kayo
2922:Gwendolin
2891:Colmcille
2805:(c. 1929)
2769:Gill Sans
2725:Engravers
2610:Old Style
2592:typefaces
2471:Fonts.com
2154:14 August
1573:(28): 3–7
1106:Van Dijck
1081:Eric Gill
1007:Gill Sans
989:Engravers
954:Castellar
902:Albertina
892:Typefaces
796:Nasta'liq
775:In 1999,
755:pre-press
669:Cambridge
596:Microsoft
556:Gill Sans
436:based in
412:) into a
335:Helvetica
324:Fontworks
308:Bitstream
281:Gill Sans
222:.monotype
204:Fontworks
191:Fontsmith
3638:Mishawum
3612:stations
3287:Neo Sans
3223:Cantoria
3118:Fontana
3113:Octavian
3042:Spectrum
2977:Ehrhardt
2950:(1935-9)
2948:Albertus
2911:Fontana
2886:Rockwell
2855:Falstaff
2791:Deepdene
2760:Perpetua
2717:Fournier
2689:Garamond
2677:Garamont
2639:Veronese
2590:Monotype
2434:Monotype
2408:Monotype
2382:Monotype
2230:Linotype
2192:27 March
2073:27 March
1539:(2001).
1411:"Lacunæ"
1384:"Modern"
1343:31 March
1121:Linotype
1115:See also
1086:Spectrum
1064:Perpetua
1051:Octavian
1002:Fournier
980:Ehrhardt
968:Condensa
908:Albertus
849:FontShop
608:Sol Hess
564:Perpetua
480:keyboard
449:Salfords
426:typeface
416:for the
351:Palatino
312:FontShop
293:Albertus
265:printing
253:typeface
187:FontShop
136:Products
69:Industry
47:Formerly
3451:Economy
3415:History
3218:Calisto
3188:Calvert
3144:Cartier
3107:Univers
3047:Angelus
2986:Pegasus
2942:Romulus
2931:Emerson
2897:Menhart
2877:Walbaum
2846:Placard
2820:Lutetia
2779:Arrighi
2775:Centaur
2755:Lutetia
2654:Plantin
2648:Imprint
2099:22 July
2045:22 July
1977:22 July
1935:22 July
1711:MyFonts
1665:12 July
1600:28 July
1498:1511743
1388:MyFonts
1285:12 July
1109:Walbaum
1083:, 1929)
1079:Solus (
1075:Plantin
1068:Photina
1057:Pegasus
1035:Menhart
1020:Imprint
985:Emerson
958:Centaur
842:MyFonts
792:Persian
622:Decline
453:Redhill
438:Buffalo
377:History
363:MyFonts
215:Website
94: (
86:Founded
3646:Woburn
3410:Woburn
3321:(2015)
3315:(2013)
3270:Cachet
3242:Amasis
3190:(1979)
3163:Barbou
3159:(1967)
3153:(1967)
3133:(1962)
3131:Apollo
3122:(1961)
3115:(1961)
3109:(1961)
3103:(1960)
3083:(1958)
3078:Joanna
3074:(1957)
3056:(1956)
3044:(1955)
3038:(1951)
2988:(1937)
2979:(1937)
2968:(1937)
2963:Joanna
2959:(1937)
2954:Bulmer
2944:(1936)
2933:(1936)
2927:(1935)
2915:(1935)
2888:(1934)
2879:(1933)
2867:(1932)
2858:Inflex
2852:Script
2840:(1931)
2834:(1930)
2828:(1930)
2822:(1930)
2799:(1929)
2793:(1929)
2787:(1929)
2781:(1929)
2762:(1928)
2748:Gallia
2738:Barbou
2734:(1926)
2719:(1925)
2707:(1923)
2697:(1923)
2691:(1922)
2685:(1921)
2683:Bodoni
2679:(1921)
2662:(1915)
2656:(1913)
2650:(1912)
2612:(1900)
2605:Modern
2527:
2414:29 May
2125:22 May
2017:
1996:: 1–6.
1905:
1857:
1828:
1784:
1741:
1521:1 July
1496:
1431:1 July
1394:1 July
1366:
1313:
1258:
1196:Quartz
1060:Pepita
1032:Matura
1025:Joanna
950:Bulmer
945:Bodoni
938:(1929)
920:(1910)
918:Albion
898:Apollo
883:Archer
879:Gotham
860:London
821:Zhuhai
785:Boston
737:
729:&
636:London
616:Futura
530:Bodoni
526:Modern
478:style
457:Surrey
445:London
414:matrix
359:Gotham
355:FF DIN
343:Optima
147:Parent
3300:2010s
3291:Slate
3281:2000s
3257:Curlz
3232:1990s
3208:Arial
3198:1980s
3175:1970s
3151:Sabon
3126:Forte
3094:1960s
3072:Dante
3059:Swing
3026:1950s
3012:1940s
2894:Runic
2813:1930s
2803:Solus
2785:Bembo
2777:with
2705:Blado
2670:1920s
2632:1910s
2598:1900s
1971:(PDF)
1960:(PDF)
1713:. LTC
1571:Forum
1567:(PDF)
1494:JSTOR
1451:(PDF)
1425:(PDF)
1418:Codex
1414:(PDF)
1334:(PDF)
1047:OCR-B
1029:Klang
998:Forte
971:Dante
941:Blado
936:Bembo
924:Arial
706:, in
451:near
331:]
289:Bembo
285:Arial
140:Fonts
3610:MBTA
3434:film
3429:book
2849:Kino
2838:Bell
2703:and
2525:ISBN
2479:2015
2442:2021
2416:2020
2390:2020
2310:2015
2303:CNet
2194:2020
2156:2015
2127:2015
2101:2016
2075:2016
2047:2016
2015:ISBN
1979:2016
1937:2016
1903:ISBN
1868:2016
1855:ISBN
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