544:
Danos M, Taylor WA, Hatch GM (February 2008). "Mitochondrial monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase is elevated in the surviving population of H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells exposed to 2-deoxyglucose-induced apoptosis".
220:. However, acyltransferase activities involved in the reacylation of MLCL had not been identified or characterized in any mammalian tissue until 1999, by the Hatch lab at the
209:
In 1990, biologists
Michael Schlame and Bernd Rustow observed the deacylation of cardiolipin into MLCL, which was then converted back into cardiolipin by a protein using
51:
258:
group on MLCL, producing cardiolipin. This lipid remodeling is separate from the cardiolipin synthesis pathway, and is essential to maintain its unique
740:
311:
259:
75:
298:
during apoptosis, the increase of lipid remodeling by MLCL AT-1 may be an effort of the cell to maintain normal cardiolipin levels.
63:
56:
580:
Saini-Chohan HK, Holmes MG, Chicco AJ, Taylor WA, Moore RL, McCune SA, Hickson-Bick DL, Hatch GM, Sparagna GC (August 2009).
295:
495:"Identification of the human mitochondrial linoleoyl-coenzyme A monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase (MLCL AT-1)"
116:
221:
68:
449:"Purification and characterization of monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase from pig liver mitochondria"
644:
318:
133:
217:
194:
582:"Cardiolipin biosynthesis and remodeling enzymes are altered during development of heart failure"
238:
mitochondria, and by comparing this protein against a human protein database, they identified a
717:
672:
613:
562:
526:
470:
429:
388:
745:
707:
699:
662:
652:
603:
593:
554:
516:
506:
460:
419:
378:
370:
128:
137:
121:
338:
231:
mitochondria. In 2003, the same lab purified and characterized an MLCL acyltransferase in
190:
157:
648:
262:
fatty acyl composition. MLCL AT-1 typically utilizes linoleoyl coenzyme A, preferred to
712:
691:
667:
632:
608:
581:
521:
494:
383:
358:
283:
424:
407:
734:
291:
267:
210:
692:"Thyroxine regulation of monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase activity in rat heart"
187:
633:"Human trifunctional protein alpha links cardiolipin remodeling to beta-oxidation"
657:
290:. MLCL AT-1 activity also increases in a rat model of spontaneously hypertensive
92:
703:
198:
167:
598:
359:"Lysocardiolipin formation and reacylation in isolated rat liver mitochondria"
307:
263:
251:
239:
213:
99:
511:
334:
287:
721:
676:
617:
566:
530:
474:
465:
448:
433:
392:
631:
Taylor WA, Mejia EM, Mitchell RW, Choy PC, Sparagna GC, Hatch GM (2012).
341:, can produce an almost two-fold increase in MLCL AT-1 activity in rats.
317:, suggesting the possibility that the two proteins may be the product of
279:
255:
104:
374:
242:
but uncharacterized human protein as the enzyme responsible in 2009.
87:
558:
322:
314:
235:
228:
36:
21:
690:
Mutter T, Dolinsky VW, Ma BJ, Taylor WA, Hatch GM (March 2000).
80:
294:. Since cardiolipin content is significantly diminished in the
321:
of the same gene. MLCL AT-1 is likely a splice variant of the
232:
225:
406:
Ma BJ, Taylor WA, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM (October 1999).
254:
chain attached to a coenzyme A molecule to an available
163:
153:
148:
127:
115:
110:
98:
86:
74:
62:
50:
42:
32:
27:
20:
302:Similarity to mitochondrial trifunctional protein
22:Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial
306:MLCL AT-1 is completely identical to the 59-kDa
408:"Acylation of monolysocardiolipin in rat heart"
278:MLCL AT-1 activity increases in cells cardiac
8:
488:
486:
484:
145:
711:
666:
656:
607:
597:
520:
510:
464:
423:
382:
250:MLCL AT-1 catalyzes the transfer of the
349:
17:
357:Schlame M, Rüstow B (December 1990).
7:
493:Taylor WA, Hatch GM (October 2009).
499:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
453:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
312:mitochondrial trifunctional protein
193:that facilitates the remodeling of
180:Monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase
447:Taylor WA, Hatch GM (April 2003).
266:coenzyme A, which is preferred to
14:
1:
547:Biochemistry and Cell Biology
425:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34900-2
658:10.1371/journal.pone.0048628
296:inner mitochondrial membrane
741:Genes on human chromosome 2
762:
599:10.1194/jlr.M800561-JLR200
704:10.1042/0264-6021:3460403
586:Journal of Lipid Research
412:Journal of Lipid Research
274:Activity during apoptosis
144:
698:. 346 Pt 2 (2): 403–6.
696:The Biochemical Journal
512:10.1074/jbc.M109.048322
363:The Biochemical Journal
466:10.1074/jbc.M210329200
222:University of Manitoba
319:alternative splicing
649:2012PLoSO...748628T
329:Hormone interaction
218:phosphatidylcholine
195:monolysocardiolipin
375:10.1042/bj2720589
282:cells exposed to
177:
176:
173:
172:
753:
726:
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628:
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541:
535:
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514:
505:(44): 30360–71.
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459:(15): 12716–21.
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146:
18:
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559:10.1139/O07-156
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441:
418:(10): 1837–45.
405:
404:
400:
356:
355:
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347:
339:thyroid hormone
333:Treatment with
331:
304:
276:
248:
216:, derived from
207:
191:acyltransferase
12:
11:
5:
759:
757:
749:
748:
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682:
643:(11): e48628.
623:
572:
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284:2-deoxyglucose
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2:
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638:
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619:
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592:(8): 1600–8.
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369:(3): 589–95.
368:
364:
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344:
342:
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
323:alpha subunit
320:
316:
313:
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301:
299:
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293:
292:heart failure
289:
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281:
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188:mitochondrial
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35:
31:
26:
23:
19:
16:
695:
685:
640:
636:
626:
589:
585:
575:
553:(1): 11–20.
550:
546:
539:
502:
498:
456:
452:
442:
415:
411:
401:
366:
362:
352:
332:
305:
277:
270:coenzyme A.
249:
208:
197:(MLCL) into
183:
179:
178:
136:
43:Alt. symbols
15:
260:unsaturated
199:cardiolipin
158:Swiss-model
28:Identifiers
735:Categories
345:References
308:C-terminal
252:fatty acid
214:coenzyme A
154:Structures
149:Search for
111:Other data
335:thyroxine
288:apoptosis
286:-induced
268:palmitoyl
240:sequenced
211:linoleoyl
184:MLCL AT-1
117:EC number
93:NP_000173
52:NCBI gene
46:MLCL AT-1
722:10677359
677:23152787
637:PLOS ONE
618:19001357
567:18364741
531:19737925
475:12569106
434:10508203
325:of MTP.
280:myoblast
256:hydroxyl
246:Function
168:InterPro
122:4.2.1.17
746:Enzymes
713:1220866
668:3494688
645:Bibcode
609:2724040
522:2781591
393:2268287
384:1149749
310:end of
205:History
186:) is a
164:Domains
100:UniProt
720:
710:
675:
665:
616:
606:
565:
529:
519:
473:
432:
391:
381:
264:oleoyl
134:Chr. 2
105:P40939
88:RefSeq
81:600890
33:Symbol
315:HADHA
236:liver
229:heart
224:, in
138:p23.3
129:Locus
37:HADHA
718:PMID
673:PMID
614:PMID
563:PMID
527:PMID
471:PMID
430:PMID
389:PMID
337:, a
76:OMIM
69:4801
64:HGNC
57:3030
708:PMC
700:doi
663:PMC
653:doi
604:PMC
594:doi
555:doi
517:PMC
507:doi
503:284
461:doi
457:278
420:doi
379:PMC
371:doi
367:272
233:pig
226:rat
737::
716:.
706:.
694:.
671:.
661:.
651:.
639:.
635:.
612:.
602:.
590:50
588:.
584:.
561:.
551:86
549:.
525:.
515:.
501:.
497:.
483:^
469:.
455:.
451:.
428:.
416:40
414:.
410:.
387:.
377:.
365:.
361:.
201:.
724:.
702::
679:.
655::
647::
641:7
620:.
596::
569:.
557::
533:.
509::
477:.
463::
436:.
422::
395:.
373::
182:(
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