2352:
81:
93:
2079:
560:
6087:
2203:
1533:
108:
546:
1023:
7402:
1018:
2268:
2012:
1440:
2419:, especially those built or expanded during the fourteenth century. Fortifications are generally the best preserved material legacy of the Order's presence in the Baltic today, and timber and earth, as well as brick examples, are attested in the archaeological record. The earliest castles in the Ordensstaat consisted of simple buildings attached to a fortified enclosure and, whilst the
1486:. This marked the beginning of a series of conflicts between Poland and the Teutonic Knights as the Order continued incorporating territories into its domains. While the Order promoted the Prussian cities by granting them extended surrounding territory and privileges, establishing courts, civil and commercial law, it allowed the cities less outward independence than
3667:
2260:, considered part of one and indivisible Kingdom of Poland. In accordance to the peace treaty, from now on, every Grand Master was obliged to swear an oath of allegiance to the reigning Polish king within six months of taking office, and any new territorial acquisitions by the Teutonic Order, also outside Prussia, would also be incorporated into Poland. The
2280:
While the
Knights of the Teutonic Order formed a thin ruling class by themselves, they extensively used mercenaries, mostly German, from the Holy Roman Empire, to whom they granted lands in return. This gradually created a new class of landed nobility. Due to several factors, among which was the high
1477:
of Poland to help repel a
Brandenburgian invasion; however, the Teutonic Knights themselves began to occupy the city and the region. The Teutonic Knights then carried out a massacre of the inhabitants of the city, killing up to 10,000 people according to medieval sources, although the exact number of
1741:
immediately terminated all trade with
England. When in the same year the Hansa evacuated all their Danish castles in fulfillment of the Treaty of Stralsund, Prussia argued in favour of a renewal of the Cologne Federation for the deeply concerned about the ensuing conflict with England, but could not
1304:
the cities founded by the
Teutonic Order had a much more regular, rectangular sketch of streets, indicating their character as planned foundations. The cities were heavily fortified, accounting for the long lasting conflicts with the resistive native Old Prussians, with armed forces under command of
2432:
Construction began on
Marienburg during the third quarter of the thirteenth century, and work continued on it until the middle of the fifteenth century. A settlement developed alongside the castle, which together enclosed 25 hectares. Granted town rights in 1286, its castle is larger than any other
1745:
The cities preferred to negotiate and take retaliatory actions, such as counter-confiscation of
English merchandise. So when in 1388 Richard II finally reconfirmed the Hanseatic trade privileges, Prussia once again permitted merchant adventurers, granting permissions to remain; for this action they
2423:
would come to typify convent buildings, single-wing castles would continue to be built alongside timber towers. Where they followed the conventional layout, castles included a connected set of communal spaces such as a dormitory, refectory, kitchen, chapter house, a chapel or church, an infirmary,
1780:
was one of the leading functionaries of the order. The word translates roughly as "chief sales and buying officer" with procuration. This officer was in charge of the considerable commerce, import, export, crediting, real estate investment etc., which the Order carried out, using its network of
2437:
has been thoroughly excavated, dating to the mid-1350s. Preserved at
Marienburg was a polychrome statue of Mary about eight meters in height, made of artificial stone and originally decorated with mosaic tiles. Mary was the most important patron of the knights and central to the liturgy of the
1790:
export, achieved the exceptional permission to continue amber exports to
Flanders and textile imports in return. On the occasion of the ban on Flemish trade, the Hansa urged Prussia and Livonia again to interrupt the exchange with Novgorod as well, but with both blockades Russian and Flemish
1593:, and first briefly in 1181, but since 1227 a permanent fief within the Holy Roman Empire) and Pomerelia alike. Both duchies were earlier ruled by related dynasties, thus the semantic title was Duke of Pomerania rather than Duke of Pomerelia, as it was referred to in other languages.
1564:
and, eventually, lawsuits in the papal court in 1320 and 1333, which ruled in favor of Poland, however, the
Teutonic Knights did not comply and continued to occupy the annexed Polish territories. The Teutonic Knights even invaded Poland further and briefly occupied the regions of
2028:. The Teutonic navy ruled the Baltic Sea from bases in Prussia and Gotland, and the Prussian cities provided tax revenues sufficient to maintain a significant standing force composed of Teutonic Knights proper, their retinues, Prussian peasant levies, and German mercenaries.
2446:
Coins were minted from the late 1250s. These were often simple in design, stamped with the cross of the Order on one side, but support the notion that crusading, colonisation, and a supporting infrastructure went hand in hand from the earliest years of the
Prussian Crusade.
1726:, starting to cruise in the Baltic, competing with Dutch, Saxon and Wendish Hanseatic merchants, and allowed them to open outposts in its cities of Danzig and Elbing. This necessarily brought about a conflict with the rest of the Hansa, which was in a heavy argument with
1785:
and agencies which spanned much of Central, Western and Southern Europe as well as the Holy Land. The other Großschäffer in Marienburg had the grain export monopoly. As to imports, neither was bound to any particular merchandise. From Königsberg, holding the monopoly in
2504:
4532:
2051:. Later that year, however, the Luxembourgs gave the region in pawn to the Teutonic Order despite prior arrangements with Poland, and the Order kept it until Brandenburg redeemed it again in 1454 and 1455, respectively, by the
4934:
2406:
continued to hold its claim to Prussia and furnished grand masters of the Teutonic Order, who were merely titular administrators of Prussia, but managed to retain many of the Teutonic holdings elsewhere outside of Prussia
2545:
2055:. Though the possession of this territory by the Order strengthened ties between the Order and their secular counterparts in northern Germany, it exacerbated the already hostile relationship between the Order and
1513:, were the only beneficiaries of a quasi membership within the Hansa, although lacking the background of citizenship in a fully autonomous or free city. Only merchants from the six Prussian Hanseatic cities of
1822:; thus fish prices tripled in Prussia. The Saxon Hansa cities urged Prussia to intervene, but Conrad of Jungingen was more worried about a Danish victory. So only after the cities, led by Lübeck's burgomaster
2281:
rate of early death in battle, these lands became concentrated over time in the hands of a relatively small number of noblemen each having a vast estate. This nobility would evolve to what is known as the
2570:
1335:. While the Lübeckers provided the Order important logistic support with their ships, they were otherwise, with the exception of Elbing, rather uninvolved in the establishment of the Monastic State.
822:. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346. At the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Teutonic Order temporarily acquired the territories of
1184:
Konrad of Masovia had already called a crusade against the Old Prussians in 1208, but it was not successful. Konrad, acting on the advice of Christian, first bishop of Prussia, established the
2094:
In 1408, Conrad Letzkau served as a diplomat to Queen Margaret I and arranged that the Order sell Gotland to Denmark. In 1409, the Teutonic Order invaded Poland's Dobrzyń Land again, and the
2244:
in October 1466 ended the war and provided for the Teutonic Order's cession of its rights over the western half of its territories to the Polish Kingdom, which became the Polish province of
2070:. Under Ulrich, the Teutonic State fell from its precarious height and became mired in internal political strife, near-constant war with Polish–Lithuanian union, and crippling war debts.
1417:. Each diocese was fiscally and administratively divided into one-third reserved for the maintenance of the capitular canons, and two-thirds were where the Order collected the dues. The
4669:
4527:
7498:
5422:
7493:
4517:
1764:
cities the positions of the Hanseatic cities and Prussia were again reversed. Here the majority of the Hansa members decided in the Hanseatic Diet on 1 May 1388 for an
1711:, which again made the Order block exports of salt and herring into Russia. While the relations had eased by 1371 so that trade resumed, they soured again until 1388.
4578:
4652:
4568:
4059:
3917:
1610:
7478:
1695:
in 1370. Several Danish castles and fortresses were then taken by Hansa forces for fifteen years in order to secure the implementation of the peace conditions.
1062:
1188:, a small group of 15 knights. The Order, however, was soon defeated and, in reaction, Konrad called on the Pope for yet another crusade and for help from the
1613:. However, the members of the Hanseatic league were undecided whether to unite against him. But when Valdemar IV then captured Prussian merchant ships in the
5499:
4674:
3715:
6145:
6312:
5311:
7508:
6003:
4588:
1723:
1479:
833:
Throughout its history, the Teutonic state waged numerous wars with Poland and Lithuania, encouraging the two countries to form a close alliance and
7359:
2165:
1561:
1541:
418:
3770:
7377:
4507:
2095:
4563:
4343:
4316:
4160:
1470:
366:
2230:
1276:
in 1230. Under their governance, woodlands were cleared and marshlands made arable, upon which many cities and villages were founded, including
392:
7503:
5290:
4662:
3740:
4383:
4363:
4184:
4172:
4044:
4032:
3902:
1432:'s diocesan chapter maintained independence, enabling to establish its autonomous rule in the capitular third of Warmia's diocesan territory (
1164:
The West-Baltic Prussians successfully repelled most of the campaigns and managed to strike Konrad in retaliation. However, the Prussians and
7473:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3469:
2126:), which marked the start of the decline of the State of the Teutonic Order, and the rise of the Polish–Lithuanian union as a major power in
1795:
who supported the Flemish to achieve an acceptable agreement with the Hansa resuming the bilateral trade; while a Hanseatic delegation under
248:
80:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4201:
4196:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
3954:
3929:
3765:
3760:
2351:
7458:
4979:
4553:
4512:
4148:
4143:
4020:
4005:
3840:
3830:
3671:
1552:
The Teutonic Order's annexation and possession of Gdańsk (Danzig) and the surrounding region was consistently disputed by the Polish kings
672:, became part of the State of the Teutonic Order). At its greatest territorial extent during the early 15th century, the State encompassed
7419:
4497:
2303:
6042:
5669:
4626:
4558:
4522:
2199:, the Teutonic Order collected taxes at steep rates. Furthermore, the cities were not allowed due representation by the Teutonic Order.
937:
838:
7513:
6267:
4583:
3637:
2706:
2261:
1680:
5382:
2257:
2222:
2211:
2040:
1462:
6458:
5347:
4573:
3617:
3419:
3374:
3346:
3318:
3293:
3268:
3236:
3211:
3183:
3153:
3128:
3100:
3072:
3044:
3019:
2994:
2969:
2931:
2906:
2878:
4285:
1738:
1668:
as a war alliance to counter the Danish threat. More cities, from the Lower Rhine area in the west to Livonia in the east, joined.
807:
581:
512:
2158:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
6420:
5968:
5492:
4713:
4328:
3708:
1553:
1474:
1223:
553:
5434:
3550:
107:
7382:
6590:
4430:
1306:
954:
602:
588:
574:
521:
507:
493:
7553:
7372:
6640:
6445:
6305:
6216:
5913:
2787:
2760:
2733:
2644:
2619:
2196:
1684:
1585:. The title referred to the Duchy of Pomerelia. Unlike in English, German, Latin or Lithuanian language Polish uses the term
1359:
885:
795:
748:
651:
136:
92:
5659:
5176:
4679:
2169:
1386:
6237:
1733:
Dissatisfied Richard II's navy suddenly attacked six Prussian ships in May 1385 – and those of more Hanse members – in the
6150:
5996:
5621:
4631:
4481:
4358:
2052:
1629:
to propose a war alliance against Denmark, accepted with some reluctance only by the important cities forming the Wendish-
1577:, Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land were restored to Poland, and the Teutonic Order agreed that Poland should rule Pomerelia as a
6521:
5440:
5187:
4686:
4647:
2830:
2379:, the first Protestant state. Sigismund's consent was bound to Albert's submission to Poland, which became known as the
2241:
881:
720:
405:
2056:
834:
7548:
7538:
7488:
7387:
6400:
6071:
5485:
4891:
4418:
4095:
3972:
3701:
2466:
1602:
1168:
in the south had their territory conquered. The land of the Yotvingians was situated in the area of what is today the
4177:
4167:
4112:
2438:
Teutonic Order, so it is not surprising to find such striking representations of her at their most prominent castle.
1529:
were considered fully fledged members of the league, while merchants from other Prussian cities had a lesser status.
7483:
7468:
6548:
5896:
5125:
5120:
4974:
4015:
3735:
2150:
2127:
2036:
1692:
1466:
1433:
1078:
1050:
7543:
7405:
6585:
6492:
6485:
6463:
6298:
5886:
5250:
5165:
5147:
2103:
3431:
W.Bonhke, Der Binnenhandel des Deutschen Ordens in Preusen, in Hansische Geschichtsblatter, 80 (1962), pp. 51–53
1830:(1395), Albert's defeat manifested, so that Prussia finally sent out its ships, led by Danzig's city councillor
1482:
of Brandenburg-Stendal sold his claim to the territory to the Teutonic Order for the sum of 10,000 Marks in the
6625:
6610:
6425:
6410:
6135:
5989:
5962:
5881:
5458:
5267:
5256:
5245:
2563:
2538:
2497:
1665:
962:
950:
850:
783:
445:
3815:
2195:
to free themselves from the overlordship of the Teutonic Knights. Due to the heavy losses and costs after the
987:
2024:
At the beginning of the 15th century, the State of the Teutonic Order stood at the height of its power under
7463:
6740:
6630:
6620:
6615:
6435:
6415:
6372:
6115:
6049:
6021:
5936:
5798:
5568:
5405:
5400:
5317:
5182:
5136:
5114:
5097:
4989:
4984:
4956:
4502:
3887:
3882:
2392:
2311:
1574:
1483:
294:
5108:
7142:
6575:
6570:
6553:
6497:
6392:
6140:
6120:
6108:
5664:
5353:
4750:
4618:
4536:
4413:
4321:
4290:
4215:
4100:
3962:
3934:
2299:
2192:
1811:
1768:
against the Flemish cities. Meanwhile, Prussia could not prevail with its plea for further negotiations.
1688:
1606:
1390:
1328:
945:
925:
752:
259:
254:
5951:
5836:
5701:
5171:
5159:
3443:
Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prussami, poprzedzone rysem dziejów wojen krzyżowych
2671:
6440:
6330:
6227:
6222:
5871:
5141:
5006:
4939:
4399:
4368:
3944:
2415:
Fortifications of the Ordensstaat have been examined through archaeological excavation since the end of
2315:
2302:, endemic religious upheavals and wars occurred across the region. In 1525, during the aftermath of the
2154:
1815:
1727:
1557:
1265:
1243:
1169:
1137:
1100:
933:
353:
172:
5743:
4423:
4393:
4206:
4086:
1799:
reopened trade with Novgorod in the same year, after reconfirmation of the previous mutual privileges.
1679:
refused to send forces, but contributed financially. Besides Prussia, three more territorial partners,
979:
5679:
3687:
2078:
1827:
6531:
6502:
6405:
6037:
5793:
5763:
5738:
5428:
5358:
5323:
4969:
4770:
4755:
4745:
4404:
4037:
3872:
3835:
3724:
2218:
2067:
2025:
1823:
1792:
1398:
1204:
716:
5866:
4533:
Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)
17:
7367:
6580:
6247:
6232:
6163:
5550:
5545:
5394:
5261:
5221:
5215:
5034:
5024:
4856:
4765:
4740:
4487:
4353:
4300:
4010:
2510:
2420:
2307:
2134:
1796:
1747:
1622:
1537:
1406:
1394:
1355:
1185:
1088:
1074:
995:
865:
811:
701:
1366:
in 1202) increased the Teutonic Order's lands with the addition of the territories known today as
6750:
6602:
6541:
6430:
6362:
6338:
6272:
6168:
6155:
6130:
6059:
5861:
5831:
5821:
5816:
5674:
5535:
5370:
5341:
5329:
5278:
5227:
5192:
5029:
4790:
4492:
4338:
4295:
4268:
4138:
4133:
4000:
3995:
3912:
3877:
3825:
3820:
2840:
2119:
2099:
2083:
2032:
1715:
1637:
1630:
1618:
1487:
1458:
1247:
1239:
1143:
1094:
983:
842:
712:
379:
5773:
5689:
5588:
5573:
5540:
5091:
4810:
4280:
4189:
4054:
2086:(1410) marked the start of decline of the State of the Teutonic Order (19th-century painting by
1730:, over levies of higher dues. The Merchants struggled to achieve an unsatisfactory compromise.
1123:
3458:"The Battle of Tannenberg-Grunwald-Žalgiris (1410) as reflected in Twentieth-Century monuments"
2168:
was fought in 1431–1435, after the Teutonic Knights invaded Poland again, and was ended in the
6526:
6377:
6352:
6175:
6086:
6076:
6066:
5931:
5856:
5788:
5616:
5446:
5388:
5364:
5233:
5102:
5079:
5014:
4775:
4760:
4119:
3985:
3924:
3897:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3796:
3633:
3613:
3465:
3457:
3415:
3370:
3342:
3314:
3289:
3264:
3232:
3207:
3179:
3149:
3124:
3096:
3068:
3040:
3015:
2990:
2965:
2927:
2902:
2874:
2783:
2777:
2756:
2729:
2702:
2640:
2615:
2403:
1754:
1491:
1418:
1378:
1258:
1254:
978:
The Old Prussians withstood many attempts at conquest preceding that of the Teutonic Knights.
643:
279:
241:
216:
198:
193:
3391:
2723:
2609:
2149:. Heinrich von Plauen was elected vice-grand master and led the Teutonic Knights through the
6949:
6321:
6185:
6054:
5946:
5926:
5921:
5876:
5778:
5753:
5728:
5706:
5654:
5606:
5578:
5416:
5410:
5272:
5198:
5130:
5085:
4922:
4800:
4780:
4049:
3939:
3907:
3847:
2384:
2376:
2282:
2202:
1839:
1590:
1532:
1498:
1273:
1189:
1068:
1009:
958:
929:
779:
775:
764:
647:
567:
539:
330:
309:
188:
3532:
Rosenberg, H. (1943). "The Rise of the Junkers in Brandenburg-Prussia, 1410–1653: Part 1."
6558:
6536:
6480:
6450:
6334:
6125:
6012:
5826:
5748:
5611:
5583:
5453:
Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution
5376:
5284:
5239:
5153:
5019:
4996:
4795:
4785:
4735:
4465:
4347:
4025:
3892:
3867:
2518:
2485:
2380:
2356:
2341:
2333:
2323:
1757:
1719:
1506:
1320:
909:
897:
728:
431:
203:
47:
6242:
6158:
4248:
2237:) broke out. Various cities of the region pledged allegiance to the Polish King in 1454.
1570:
861:
771:
673:
2834:
1722:, Prussia enjoyed considerable support from English knights. The Order welcomed English
7232:
7016:
6680:
6367:
6209:
6204:
5941:
5783:
5768:
5758:
5733:
5636:
5560:
5335:
4851:
4243:
3949:
3810:
2372:
2363:
as a vassal duchy of the Kingdom of Poland, in place of the State of the Teutonic Order
2142:
2118:
allies and auxiliary forces. Poland and Lithuania triumphed following a victory at the
1831:
1545:
1425:
1421:
1032:
991:
819:
803:
655:
639:
623:
183:
61:
7452:
7093:
6991:
6954:
6914:
6780:
6509:
6468:
6190:
5631:
5626:
5527:
5295:
4901:
4602:
4310:
4155:
3805:
2368:
2360:
2328:
2245:
1819:
1652:, allied themselves against Denmark. This resulted in the Hansa calling up a diet in
1344:
1332:
1317:
1281:
1269:
1082:
1044:
892:, while the eastern part remained under Teutonic Order rule, known thereafter as the
889:
799:
791:
660:
595:
498:
314:
156:
1022:
6685:
6675:
6658:
6475:
6103:
6095:
5693:
4866:
4805:
4717:
4333:
2434:
2416:
2267:
2253:
2011:
1505:
of the Order as the sole territorial ruler representing Prussia at their Hanseatic
1439:
1212:
1176:, which by now was partially conquered, devastated and almost totally depopulated.
1017:
815:
464:
1791:
commodities could not reach their final destinations. In 1392 it was Grand Master
1272:
of 1234, Prussia came into the Teutonic Order's possession. The Knights began the
1117:
998:, were intensified, with large battles and crusades in 1209, 1219, 1220 and 1222.
994:, but was unable to conquer it. Numerous other attempts followed, and, under Duke
2750:
2310:, King of Poland, and his nephew, the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights,
2153:. Eventually von Plauen was promoted to Grand Master and, in 1411, concluded the
1501:
did consider merchants from Prussian cities as their like, but also accepted the
719:, the State fell into decline. After losing extensive territories in the imposed
7167:
7125:
7048:
6961:
6829:
6819:
6730:
6514:
5720:
4928:
4906:
3967:
2456:
2319:
2087:
1285:
1165:
1153:
1005:
921:
787:
782:
and the 14th-century invasions of neighboring Christian countries of Poland and
685:
526:
340:
1691:, joined the alliance, attacking via land and sea, forcing Denmark to sign the
924:
state of the Order's main (Prussian) branch was secularized in 1525 during the
774:
in the 13th century, the state expanded mostly as a result of the 13th-century
654:
merged with the Teutonic Order of Prussia and became known as its branch – the
7344:
7132:
7115:
7063:
7053:
7038:
7006:
6996:
6874:
6824:
6700:
6695:
6663:
6382:
4964:
4896:
4273:
2176:
2123:
1649:
1614:
1518:
1216:
1208:
635:
178:
7434:
7421:
3608:
Dollinger, Philippe (1998) . Hans Krabusch and Marga Krabusch (trls.) (ed.).
2047:, according to which Poland was to purchase and re-incorporate the region of
7339:
7334:
7324:
7257:
7162:
7058:
7021:
7011:
6971:
6924:
6919:
6869:
6809:
6735:
6725:
6705:
6668:
6653:
5808:
4886:
4846:
4263:
4258:
4227:
4124:
2264:
became a prince and counselor of the Polish king and the Kingdom of Poland.
2146:
2138:
2063:
2048:
1807:
1782:
1657:
1641:
1402:
1173:
877:
873:
857:
846:
705:
697:
631:
238:
3652:
3612:(in German). Vol. 371. Stuttgart: Kröner: Kröners Taschenbuchausgabe.
3392:
Natalia Borzestowska and Waldemar Borzestowski, "Dlaczego zginął burmistrz"
2226:
2180:
2044:
1707:
in 1367 had caused the Russians to recoup themselves on Hansa merchants in
1626:
1522:
1324:
3666:
1305:
the knights. Most cities were prevailingly populated with immigrants from
1172:
of Poland. The Prussians attempted to oust Polish or Masovian forces from
7312:
7297:
7277:
7262:
7242:
7217:
7202:
7197:
7177:
7147:
7137:
7088:
7078:
7073:
6904:
6889:
6864:
6844:
6814:
6804:
6799:
6770:
6765:
6755:
6690:
6648:
6357:
6277:
6029:
5891:
4861:
4238:
4233:
2399:
2388:
2188:
2184:
2115:
2107:
1835:
1761:
1708:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1362:. The assimilation of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (established in
677:
802:
were incorporated into the Teutonic Order as its autonomous branch, the
7329:
7317:
7307:
7282:
7272:
7267:
7247:
7237:
7212:
7152:
7110:
7083:
7001:
6934:
6929:
6909:
6899:
6854:
6849:
6839:
6834:
6775:
6760:
6710:
5716:
5646:
5598:
4836:
3693:
2461:
1843:
1765:
1676:
1661:
1653:
1566:
1414:
1382:
1371:
1363:
1310:
1277:
1231:
1227:
1193:
1133:
827:
823:
768:
744:
693:
689:
681:
665:
223:
149:
1656:
in 1367 and convening the afore-mentioned non-member cities including
7349:
7302:
7287:
7252:
7227:
7192:
7187:
7120:
7105:
7043:
6981:
6966:
6944:
6894:
6884:
6879:
6792:
6787:
6745:
6715:
5512:
5477:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4826:
1803:
1672:
1645:
1429:
1367:
1354:
In 1234, the Teutonic Order assimilated the remaining members of the
1235:
1197:
1149:
1129:
1038:
869:
723:
in 1466, the extant territory of its Prussian branch became known as
669:
228:
1196:
against the Old Prussians. The crusades, involving many of Europe's
6290:
3649:
Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych
3387:
3385:
3383:
2801:
2799:
2206:
The Polish–Teutonic peace treaty of 1466 made the Teutonic state a
7222:
7207:
7182:
7172:
7157:
7100:
7068:
7033:
7028:
6986:
6976:
6859:
6720:
6563:
5981:
4841:
4831:
3630:
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonization
3592:
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonization
3577:
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonization
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2350:
2266:
2201:
2111:
1850:
Commodity selling prices of Teutonic Order in Prussian Marks, 1400
1787:
1704:
1424:
of Culm, Pomesania and Samland were simultaneously members of the
1410:
3549:, Klaipėda: 1997, pp. 742–771, here after the German translation
2725:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
2637:
The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000–1714
7292:
6939:
6254:
5508:
5452:
2249:
2225:. King Casimir IV agreed and signed the act of incorporation in
2207:
1734:
1578:
1428:
since the 1280s, ensuring a strong influence by the Order. Only
1301:
1297:
917:
126:
6294:
5985:
5481:
5061:
4711:
4453:
3783:
3697:
3560:
2098:
broke out, in which the Teutonic Knights were supported by the
1636:
Since Valdemar IV had also attacked ships of the Dutch city of
1261:
as the Papal Legate for Livonia, Prussia, and other countries.
2233:, the longest of the Polish–Teutonic wars, (also known as the
1478:
victims is a subject of disputes. In September 1309, Margrave
2221:
to support their revolt and to incorporate the region to the
1581:
and Polish kings, therefore, retained the right to the title
949:
established in 1422–1435, which became a protectorate of the
3678:
1250:
as opposed to being under the jurisdiction of local rulers.
845:
in 1410 the Teutonic Order fell into decline, the region of
3610:
Die Hanse (La Hanse (XII–XVII siècles, Paris, Aubier, 1964)
1589:
for Pomerania (a fief of Poland, Saxony and Denmark in the
2318:, agreed that the latter would resign his position, adopt
4513:
Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania
3681:: cities, castles and landscapes of the Teutonic Knights
2383:. On 10 December 1525 at their session in Königsberg the
1242:. This decree subordinated the provinces directly to the
2217:
In February 1454, the Prussian Confederation asked King
2062:
In March 1407, Konrad died from complications caused by
1211:. In 1225, Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Knights from
982:
began the series of unsuccessful conquests when he sent
953:
in 1559, and was finally secularised and split into the
936:, remaining a fiefdom of the Polish Crown and later the
638:
in northern Europe. It was formed by the knights of the
4670:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
1838:
then thoroughly cleared the Baltic Sea of pirates, the
1313:, where many knights of the order had their homelands.
1257:
announced to all Christendom his appointment of Bishop
298:(last reigning Grand Master and Land Master of Prussia)
1718:
of 1369/1370, ending with the Teutonic victory in the
1471:
seized the Polish port city of Gdańsk in November 1308
3464:. Vol. 3. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 175.
3402:
3400:
3357:
3355:
3329:
3327:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3194:
3192:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3111:
3109:
3445:(in Polish). Vol. II. Warszawa. pp. 59–60.
3083:
3081:
3055:
3053:
2889:
2887:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2248:
and the remaining part of the Order's land became a
1703:
The invasions of the Teutonic Order from Livonia to
830:, which, however, it sold in the following decades.
7358:
6639:
6601:
6391:
6345:
6184:
6094:
6028:
5960:
5910:
5849:
5807:
5715:
5688:
5645:
5597:
5559:
5526:
5519:
5304:
5208:
5072:
5005:
4955:
4948:
4915:
4819:
4728:
4640:
4610:
4601:
4546:
4518:
Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig
4473:
4464:
4226:
4111:
3983:
3794:
1818:, blocked seafaring to the herring supplies at the
1238:, and a number of neighboring provinces were under
856:The Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order returned
460:
442:
428:
415:
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
336:
326:
303:
288:
273:
247:
234:
222:
212:
165:
145:
117:
34:
2614:. University of Washington Press. pp. 18–19.
2338:Herzogliches Preußen, Preußen Herzoglichen Anteils
3394:, 17 October 2005, retrieved on 8 September 2011.
1509:. Thus Prussian merchants, along with those from
841:in the 16th century. Following its defeat in the
755:and continued to exist as part of it until 1561.
920:and integral part of the Kingdom of Poland. The
4653:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
2141:), who moved rapidly to bolster the defence of
1296:Unlike newly founded cities between the rivers
2752:Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus
1746:were renounced once again by the Grand Master
1681:Henry II of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg
1461:, a neighboring region, plunged into war with
837:, which eventually led to the creation of the
7499:States and territories disestablished in 1525
6306:
5997:
5493:
4657:Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania
3709:
2839:. The Polish Book Importing Company. p.
943:The Livonian branch continued as part of the
8:
5417:Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement
4940:Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians
4675:Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland
2701:(in Polish). Warszawa: Bellona. p. 76.
2552:
2527:
1644:, Prussia and Dutch cities, such as Kampen,
634:located along the southeastern shore of the
39:
6337:origin primarily identified as speakers of
6146:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
2137:to defend Teutonic-held Eastern Pomerania (
1834:. Until 1400 the united Teutonic-Hanseatic
53:
7494:States and territories established in 1230
6313:
6299:
6291:
6004:
5990:
5982:
5957:
5523:
5500:
5486:
5478:
5069:
5058:
4952:
4725:
4708:
4607:
4470:
4461:
4450:
3791:
3780:
3716:
3702:
3694:
3231:for bibliographical details, pp. 103 seq.
3148:for bibliographical details, pp. 109 seq.
2375:Teutonic Prussia was transformed into the
2066:and was succeeded by his younger brother,
1457:At the beginning of the 14th century, the
1000:
106:
31:
3547:Mažosios Lietuvos Bažnyčia XVI–XX amžiuje
3462:The Military Orders: History and Heritage
1192:. As a result, several edicts called for
961:in 1561, both duchies being fiefs of the
868:) and ceded the western part of Prussia (
2782:. Oxford University Press. p. 371.
2755:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 129.
2391:Church in Ducal Prussia by deciding the
2077:
2010:
1848:
1531:
1438:
1327:, which was founded with the support of
1207:enfeoffed the Teutonic Knights with the
7378:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
4508:Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
2581:
2478:
1109:
1003:
743:) and existed until 1525 as a part and
313:(last reigning Land Master of Livonia (
112:The State of the Teutonic Order in 1422
4663:Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany
4344:Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939
3562:Lietuvos Evangelikų Liuteronų Bažnyčia
3555:(section: 2. Reformatorische Anfänge;
3520:
3508:
3496:
3484:
2817:
2805:
2595:
2191:and other Prussian cities founded the
2179:) and the Hanseatic cities of Danzig,
1603:conflict between the Hanse and Denmark
884:in 1466. The territories ceded to the
4045:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3903:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3414:for bibliographical details, p. 114.
3369:for bibliographical details, p. 113.
3341:for bibliographical details, p. 108.
3313:for bibliographical details, p. 107.
3288:for bibliographical details, p. 102.
3263:for bibliographical details, p. 105.
3206:for bibliographical details, p. 104.
3178:for bibliographical details, p. 110.
3123:for bibliographical details, p. 100.
2989:for bibliographical details, p. 123.
2964:for bibliographical details, p. 124.
2926:for bibliographical details, p. 123.
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2562:
2537:
2496:
2367:Thus in a deal partially brokered by
1664:. The upshot was the founding of the
441:
427:
414:
401:
388:
375:
362:
349:
345:
302:
287:
272:
268:
246:
7:
4935:WWII flight and expulsion of Germans
3095:for bibliographical details, p. 99.
3067:for bibliographical details, p. 98.
3039:for bibliographical details, p. 97.
3014:for bibliographical details, p. 96.
2901:for bibliographical details, p. 54.
2873:for bibliographical details, p. 55.
2639:. New York: Routledge. p. 380.
2424:and tower projecting over the moat.
2314:, a member of a cadet branch of the
1473:. The Order had been called by King
18:Monastic State of the Teutonic Order
4627:Evangelical State Church in Prussia
4354:Free City of Danzig 1920–1939
2498:[ˈʃtaːtdɛsˌdɔʏtʃn̩ˈʔɔʁdn̩s]
2433:built by the Order. Since 1997 the
2175:In March 1440, gentry (mainly from
2074:Losses to Poland, Polish suzerainty
1085:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)
3460:. In Victor Mallia-Milanes (ed.).
2262:Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
2172:, which was favorable for Poland.
1469:to the west. The Teutonic Knights
1215:, and they had to transfer to the
860:(the previously Polish regions of
25:
5348:North German Confederation Treaty
1605:on the trade in the Baltic, King
1540:(1331) was a major battle of the
990:attacked Prussia with the aid of
786:. The conquests were followed by
751:. The Livonian branch joined the
7509:1525 disestablishments in Europe
7479:History of Lithuania (1219–1569)
7401:
7400:
6085:
5969:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
5520:Medieval district principalities
4523:Apostolic Administration of Tütz
3935:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952
3665:
2421:quadrangular red-brick structure
2197:war against Poland and Lithuania
1812:Albert of Sweden and Mecklenburg
1021:
1016:
600:
586:
572:
558:
554:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
544:
519:
505:
491:
91:
79:
7383:Christianization of Scandinavia
4431:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
4400:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998
4369:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975
4185:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3628:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013).
3590:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013).
3575:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013).
3411:
3366:
3338:
3310:
3285:
3260:
3228:
3203:
3175:
3145:
3120:
3092:
3064:
3036:
3011:
2986:
2961:
2923:
2898:
2870:
2836:The Political History of Poland
2304:Polish-Teutonic War (1519–1521)
2294:Transformation to Ducal Prussia
1760:on the Hansa privileges in the
1609:had held the Hanseatic city of
1562:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
1358:and, in 1237, the Order of the
955:Duchy of Courland and Semigalia
794:colonization. In addition, the
7373:Christianization of the Franks
6446:Continental Germanic mythology
6217:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
6104:Latin Empire of Constantinople
5914:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
4579:Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień
4389:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4379:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4374:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
4286:Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo
4202:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4197:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
4082:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4077:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4072:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4067:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3955:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
3930:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3565:, retrieved on 28 August 2011.
3534:The American Historical Review
2096:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1842:, and even took the island of
1739:Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein
1640:and other destinations in the
1360:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1316:The cities were usually given
1047:(pre – 13th century)
1041:(983 – 12th century)
938:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
888:formed the Polish province of
839:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
796:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
652:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
642:during the early 13th century
1:
7504:1230 establishments in Europe
6151:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
4632:Pomeranian Evangelical Church
4569:Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg
4482:Christianization of Pomerania
4359:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
4329:Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
3523:, pp. 96, 103, 214, 221.
2831:Lewinski Corwin, Edward Henry
2779:The later Crusades, 1274–1580
2749:Skyum-Nielsen, Niels (1981).
2539:[ˈdɔʏtʃʔɔʁdn̩sˌʃtaːt]
2312:Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2026:Konrad (Conrad) von Jungingen
448:(end of the Livonian branch)
434:(end of the Prussian branch)
283:(first reigning Grand Master)
7474:History of the Baltic states
5441:Treaty of Good Neighbourship
5291:Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
4980:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
4687:Pentecostal Church in Poland
4648:Protestant Church in Germany
4384:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
4364:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975
2348:), remaining a Polish fief.
2326:. Thereafter referred to as
2039:, reached an agreement with
1699:English Merchant Adventurers
1345:Terra Mariana § History
1323:, with the one exception of
7459:State of the Teutonic Order
7388:Christianization of Iceland
6199:State of the Teutonic Order
6072:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
5902:State of the Teutonic Order
5435:German–Polish Border Treaty
5429:German Reunification Treaty
4680:Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław
4419:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
4306:State of the Teutonic Order
4096:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3973:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3672:State of the Teutonic Order
3552:Die Kirche in Klein Litauen
2722:Frucht, Richard C. (2005).
2611:A History of Central Europe
2523:Państwo zakonu krzyżackiego
2467:War of the Priests (Poland)
2276:Formation of a new nobility
2151:Siege of Marienburg in 1410
1802:Since the late 1380s grave
1597:Second Danish-Hanseatic War
1573:. A peace was concluded at
620:State of the Teutonic Order
367:Teutonic takeover of Gdańsk
36:State of the Teutonic Order
7570:
5911:Early modern fiefs of the
5897:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
5324:Polish Partitions Treaties
2947:, literally "High Master".
2808:, pp. 88–92, 206–210.
2699:Zamki Państwa Krzyżackiego
2598:, pp. 96–97, 214–215.
2490:Staat des Deutschen Ordens
2289:16th century and aftermath
2128:Central and Eastern Europe
2104:Polish-Lithuanian alliance
2053:Treaties of Cölln and Mewe
2037:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1814:actually directed against
1671:Of the major players only
1544:(19th-century painting by
1542:Second Polish–Teutonic War
1467:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1434:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1381:divided Prussia into four
1377:In 1243, the Papal legate
1342:
1200:, lasted for sixty years.
1079:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1051:Margraviate of Brandenburg
628:Civitas Ordinis Theutonici
55:Civitas Ordinis Theutonici
41:Staat des Deutschen Ordens
7514:13th century in Lithuania
7396:
6328:
6263:
6083:
6019:
5068:
5057:
4724:
4707:
4528:Prelature of Schneidemühl
4460:
4449:
4339:Posen-West Prussia Region
3790:
3779:
3731:
3594:. Routledge. p. 110.
3579:. Routledge. p. 149.
3499:, pp. 71–72, 76, 79.
2672:"wojny polsko-krzyżackie"
1753:In the conflict with the
1560:– claims that led to the
1525:, Elbing, Königsberg and
1409:under the mother city of
711:Following the battles of
470:
456:
346:
322:
269:
105:
75:
70:
6626:North Germanic languages
6611:Germanic parent language
6136:Duchy of the Archipelago
5963:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
5459:Treaty of Accession 2003
4916:Major demographic events
4488:Diocese of Wollin/Cammin
4178:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
4173:Brandenburgian Pomerania
4033:Brandenburgian Pomerania
3736:10,000 BC – 600 AD
2981:Cf. Philippe Dollinger,
2776:Housley, Norman (1992).
2728:. ABC-CLIO. p. 69.
2515:Vokiečių ordino valstybė
2322:and assume the title of
2283:Prussian Junker nobility
2170:Peace of Brześć Kujawski
1685:Albert II of Mecklenburg
1401:. The bishoprics became
963:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
951:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
446:Treaty of Vilnius (1561)
27:Baltic state, 1200s–1561
7534:16th century in Prussia
7529:15th century in Prussia
7524:14th century in Prussia
7519:13th century in Prussia
6631:West Germanic languages
6621:East Germanic languages
6616:Proto-Germanic language
6436:Proto-Germanic folklore
6373:Romano-Germanic culture
6116:Kingdom of Thessalonica
6050:Principality of Antioch
6022:List of Crusader states
5670:Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród
5326:(1772/1773, 1793, 1795)
4729:Archaeological cultures
3888:Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
3651:(in Polish and Latin).
3441:Rogalski, Leon (1846).
2697:Bieszk, Janusz (2010).
2564:[ˈɔʁdn̩sˌʃtaːt]
2057:Polish–Lithuanian union
1687:, and the latter's son
1611:Visby to ransom in 1361
1222:Early in 1224, Emperor
1103:(1918 – 1947)
1097:(1701 – 1918)
1091:(1618 – 1701)
1071:(1525 – 1618)
1065:(1356 – 1806)
1059:(1224 – 1525)
664:, covering present-day
6238:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
6141:Triarchy of Negroponte
6121:Principality of Achaea
6109:Duchy of Philippopolis
5354:Peace of Prague (1866)
4949:Languages and dialects
4619:Protestant Reformation
4414:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4317:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4216:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4161:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4101:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3963:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
3647:Górski, Karol (1949).
3511:, pp. 96–97, 215.
2820:, pp. 93–94, 212.
2608:Stone, Daniel (2001).
2553:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2489:
2364:
2345:
2337:
2300:Protestant Reformation
2272:
2271:Teutonic state in 1466
2214:
2193:Prussian Confederation
2091:
2016:
2015:Teutonic state in 1410
1607:Valdemar IV of Denmark
1549:
1444:
1443:Teutonic state in 1260
1268:in 1226 and the Papal
1156:(1947–1952, from 1990)
1126:(1920–1939, from 1945)
1083:Royal (Polish) Prussia
1063:Elector of Brandenburg
946:Livonian Confederation
926:Protestant Reformation
913:
901:
880:) to Poland after the
872:, as well as parts of
806:in 1237. In 1346, the
753:Livonian Confederation
740:
732:
627:
260:Land Master of Livonia
255:Land Master of Prussia
140:(1226–1230, 1466–1525)
54:
40:
7554:Baltic-German history
6441:Anglo-Saxon mythology
6331:Ethnolinguistic group
6228:Bishopric of Courland
6223:Archbishopric of Riga
5195:(1448/1468/1472/1479)
4564:Archdiocese of Gdańsk
4554:Archdiocese of Berlin
3945:Bezirk Neubrandenburg
3816:Principality of Rügen
3674:at Wikimedia Commons
3632:. London: Routledge.
3456:Ekdahl, Sven (2008).
2635:France, John (2005).
2354:
2316:House of Hohenzollern
2270:
2242:Second Peace of Thorn
2229:on 6 March 1454. The
2205:
2159:Władysław II Jagiełło
2155:First Treaty of Thorn
2081:
2014:
1816:Margaret I of Denmark
1728:Richard II of England
1558:Casimir III the Great
1535:
1515:Braunsberg (Braniewo)
1442:
1407:Archbishopric of Riga
1331:and thus was awarded
1266:Golden Bull of Rimini
1244:Roman Catholic Church
1170:Podlaskie Voivodeship
1138:Recovered Territories
1101:Free State of Prussia
1035:(965 – 983)
988:Bolesław IV of Poland
934:House of Hohenzollern
406:Second Peace of Thorn
354:Golden Bull of Rimini
173:Old Prussian language
166:Common languages
6038:Kingdom of Jerusalem
5850:Other medieval fiefs
5188:Thorn, Second (1466)
4589:Diocese of Włocławek
4559:Diocese of Bydgoszcz
4168:Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn
4038:Starostwo of Draheim
3883:Pomerania-Rügenwalde
3873:Pomerania-Neustettin
3725:History of Pomerania
3655:: Instytut Zachodni.
3406:Philippe Dollinger,
3361:Philippe Dollinger,
3333:Philippe Dollinger,
3305:Philippe Dollinger,
3280:Philippe Dollinger,
3255:Philippe Dollinger,
3223:Philippe Dollinger,
3198:Philippe Dollinger,
3170:Philippe Dollinger,
3140:Philippe Dollinger,
3115:Philippe Dollinger,
3087:Philippe Dollinger,
3059:Philippe Dollinger,
3031:Philippe Dollinger,
3006:Philippe Dollinger,
2956:Philippe Dollinger,
2918:Philippe Dollinger,
2893:Philippe Dollinger,
2865:Philippe Dollinger,
2359:of 1525 established
2219:Casimir IV of Poland
2068:Ulrich von Jungingen
2020:Konrad von Jungingen
1793:Conrad of Wallenrode
1724:Merchant Adventurers
1633:third of the Hanse.
1488:free imperial cities
1453:Danzig and the Hansa
1278:Marienburg (Malbork)
1253:At the end of 1224,
1205:Andrew II of Hungary
980:Bolesław I of Poland
974:Poles in Old Prussia
658:(while their state,
7431: /
7368:Gothic Christianity
6233:Bishopric of Dorpat
6164:Knights Hospitaller
5279:Wehlau and Bromberg
4537:Gorzów Wielkopolski
4503:Diocese of Roskilde
4322:Chełmno Voivodeship
4291:Duchy of Białogarda
3690:(at worldstatesmen)
2308:Sigismund I the Old
2231:Thirteen Years' War
2166:Polish–Teutonic war
2135:Heinrich von Plauen
2133:The Order assigned
2049:New March (Neumark)
1852:
1748:Conrad of Jungingen
1693:Treaty of Stralsund
1623:Winrich of Kniprode
1497:The members of the
1490:enjoyed within the
1419:cathedral capitular
1264:As a result of the
1089:Brandenburg-Prussia
1075:Malbork Voivodeship
1039:Lutician federation
996:Konrad I of Masovia
419:Polish–Teutonic War
393:Thirteen Years' War
7549:Fiefdoms of Poland
7539:Former theocracies
7489:History of Prussia
6751:Germani cisrhenani
6459:Funerary practices
6363:Pre-Roman Iron Age
6339:Germanic languages
6273:Crusading movement
6169:Hospitaller Rhodes
6131:Duchy of Neopatras
5822:Pomerania-Stargard
5536:Seniorate Province
5383:Molotov–Ribbentrop
5371:Prussian Concordat
5305:1700–present
5166:Eberswalde, Second
4975:Central Pomeranian
4892:German Pomeranians
4857:Slavic Pomeranians
4746:Ertebølle-Ellerbek
4574:Diocese of Pelplin
4498:Diocese of Chełmno
4493:Diocese of Kolberg
4394:Słupsk Voivodeship
4296:Duchy of Lubiszewo
4269:Duchy of Pomerelia
4207:Słupsk Voivodeship
4139:House of Pomerania
4134:Duchy of Pomerania
4087:Słupsk Voivodeship
4060:List of placenames
4001:House of Pomerania
3996:Duchy of Pomerania
3918:List of placenames
3878:Pomerania-Stargard
3826:House of Pomerania
3821:Duchy of Pomerania
3771:1945–present
2529:Deutschordensstaat
2365:
2273:
2215:
2120:Battle of Grunwald
2100:Duchy of Pomerania
2092:
2084:Battle of Grunwald
2035:, which ruled the
2033:Luxembourg dynasty
2017:
1849:
1826:, had liaised the
1716:Lithuanian Crusade
1666:Cologne Federation
1550:
1459:Duchy of Pomerania
1445:
1248:Holy Roman Emperor
1240:imperial immediacy
1144:Kaliningrad Oblast
1095:Kingdom of Prussia
984:Adalbert of Prague
843:Battle of Grunwald
778:against the pagan
717:Wilkomierz in 1435
380:Battle of Grunwald
7484:Kingdom of Poland
7469:Northern Crusades
7435:54.717°N 20.517°E
7414:
7413:
6586:Gothic and Vandal
6378:Germanic Iron Age
6353:Nordic Bronze Age
6335:Northern European
6288:
6287:
6255:Free City of Riga
6077:Kingdom of Cyprus
6067:County of Tripoli
5979:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5937:Duchy of Oświęcim
5932:Duchy of Siewierz
5845:
5844:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5148:Eberswalde, First
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
4776:Nordic Bronze Age
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4597:
4596:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4405:Toruń Voivodeship
4120:Farther Pomerania
3986:Farther Pomerania
3925:Enclave of Police
3898:Swedish Pomerania
3863:Pomerania-Wolgast
3858:Pomerania-Schlawe
3853:Pomerania-Stettin
3797:Western Pomerania
3670:Media related to
3471:978-0-7546-6290-7
2404:Holy Roman Empire
2235:War of the Cities
2223:Kingdom of Poland
2212:Kingdom of Poland
2143:Marienburg Castle
2106:was supported by
2004:
2003:
1583:Duke of Pomerania
1492:Holy Roman Empire
1379:William of Modena
1259:William of Modena
1255:Pope Honorius III
1162:
1161:
986:in 997. In 1147,
957:, as well as the
886:Kingdom of Poland
749:Kingdom of Poland
646:in the region of
644:Northern Crusades
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
532:
531:
305:• 1559–1561
290:• 1510–1525
275:• 1226–1239
253:Grand Master and
242:elective monarchy
217:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
7561:
7544:Christian states
7446:
7445:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7424:
7404:
7403:
7360:Christianization
6950:Ripuarian Franks
6322:Germanic peoples
6315:
6308:
6301:
6292:
6248:Order of Dobrzyń
6176:Genoese colonies
6089:
6055:County of Edessa
6006:
5999:
5992:
5983:
5958:
5952:Lębork and Bytów
5947:Duchy of Troppau
5927:Duchy of Prussia
5922:Duchy of Masovia
5837:Lębork and Bytów
5827:Pomerania-Słupsk
5524:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5479:
5447:Polish Concordat
5411:Helsinki Accords
5365:Polish Concordat
5126:Stralsund (1370)
5121:Stralsund (1354)
5070:
5059:
4953:
4923:Migration Period
4811:Dębczyn (Denzin)
4726:
4709:
4608:
4584:Diocese of Toruń
4471:
4462:
4451:
4301:Duchy of Świecie
4264:Danish Pomerelia
4259:Polish Pomerelia
4252:
4127:
3940:Bezirk Frankfurt
3913:Stralsund Region
3848:Pomerania-Demmin
3792:
3781:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3684:
3669:
3656:
3643:
3623:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3566:
3558:
3545:Albertas Juška,
3543:
3537:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3404:
3395:
3389:
3378:
3359:
3350:
3331:
3322:
3303:
3297:
3278:
3272:
3253:
3240:
3221:
3215:
3196:
3187:
3168:
3157:
3138:
3132:
3113:
3104:
3085:
3076:
3057:
3048:
3029:
3023:
3004:
2998:
2979:
2973:
2954:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2891:
2882:
2863:
2848:
2847:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2676:Encyklopedia PWN
2668:
2651:
2650:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2483:
2387:established the
2385:Prussian estates
2377:Duchy of Prussia
1853:
1840:Victual Brothers
1828:Treaty of Skanör
1689:Albert of Sweden
1617:on their way to
1591:High Middle Ages
1538:Battle of Płowce
1499:Hanseatic League
1484:Treaty of Soldin
1399:Samland (Sambia)
1395:Ermland (Warmia)
1356:Order of Dobrzyń
1274:Prussian Crusade
1190:Teutonic Knights
1186:Order of Dobrzyń
1120:area (from 1918)
1069:Duchy of Prussia
1025:
1020:
1001:
959:Duchy of Livonia
930:Duchy of Prussia
914:Prusy krzyżackie
906:Teutonic Prussia
894:Monastic Prussia
866:Gdańsk Pomerania
849:was restored to
810:was sold by the
808:Duchy of Estonia
780:Baltic Prussians
776:Prussian Crusade
741:Prusy krzyżackie
737:Teutonic Prussia
725:Monastic Prussia
713:Grunwald in 1410
702:Gdańsk Pomerania
632:theocratic state
604:
603:
590:
589:
576:
575:
568:Duchy of Livonia
562:
561:
548:
547:
540:Duchy of Prussia
536:
535:
523:
522:
513:Duchy of Estonia
509:
508:
495:
494:
488:
487:
472:
471:
452:28 November 1561
372:08 November 1308
318:
299:
284:
189:Baltic languages
161:
154:
141:
133:
124:
121:Sovereign state
110:
95:
83:
65:
57:
51:
43:
32:
21:
7569:
7568:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7449:
7448:
7439:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7410:
7392:
7354:
6635:
6597:
6559:Gothic alphabet
6451:Norse mythology
6387:
6341:
6324:
6319:
6289:
6284:
6268:Military orders
6259:
6188:
6180:
6126:Duchy of Athens
6090:
6081:
6024:
6015:
6013:Crusader states
6010:
5980:
5971:
5956:
5912:
5906:
5841:
5803:
5711:
5684:
5660:Brześć Kujawski
5641:
5593:
5555:
5515:
5506:
5476:
5463:
5377:Reichskonkordat
5300:
5209:1500–1700
5204:
5177:Brześć Kujawski
5137:Raciążek (1404)
5073:1200–1500
5064:
5041:
5001:
4997:Standard German
4990:West Pomeranian
4985:East Pomeranian
4944:
4911:
4815:
4720:
4691:
4636:
4593:
4542:
4456:
4437:
4424:Gmina Biały Bór
4348:Polish Corridor
4281:Duchy of Gdańsk
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4222:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4113:Lauenburg-Bütow
4107:
4026:Pomerania-Stolp
3989:
3988:
3979:
3893:Pomerania-Barth
3868:Pomerania-Stolp
3799:
3786:
3775:
3766:1933–1945
3761:1806–1933
3756:1500–1806
3751:1300–1500
3746:1100–1300
3727:
3722:
3682:
3663:
3646:
3640:
3627:
3620:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3556:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3381:
3360:
3353:
3332:
3325:
3304:
3300:
3279:
3275:
3254:
3243:
3222:
3218:
3197:
3190:
3169:
3160:
3139:
3135:
3114:
3107:
3086:
3079:
3058:
3051:
3030:
3026:
3005:
3001:
2980:
2976:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2917:
2913:
2892:
2885:
2864:
2851:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2654:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2525:), also called
2503:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2453:
2444:
2430:
2428:Marienburg fort
2413:
2381:Prussian Homage
2357:Prussian Homage
2324:Duke of Prussia
2296:
2291:
2278:
2164:The next major
2076:
2022:
2009:
1877:
1851:
1824:Hinrich Westhof
1774:
1758:Philip the Bold
1737:, Grand Master
1720:Battle of Rudau
1701:
1621:, Grand Master
1599:
1523:Danzig (Gdańsk)
1455:
1450:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1325:Elbing (Elbląg)
1321:town privileges
1294:
1234:, Prussia with
1182:
1124:Klaipėda Region
976:
971:
916:), as a feudal
812:King of Denmark
767:and the Polish
763:Established in
761:
704:), Prussia and
650:. In 1237, the
601:
587:
582:Swedish Estonia
573:
559:
545:
520:
506:
492:
449:
435:
432:Prussian Homage
421:
411:19 October 1466
408:
395:
382:
369:
356:
312:
306:
297:
291:
282:
276:
258:
252:
208:
159:
155:
152:
139:
135:
131:
130:
125:
122:
113:
101:
100:
99:
96:
88:
87:
84:
66:
59:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7567:
7565:
7557:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7464:Teutonic Order
7461:
7451:
7450:
7440:54.717; 20.517
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7364:
7362:
7356:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7315:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7017:Thracian Goths
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6645:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6607:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6551:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6524:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6368:Roman Iron Age
6365:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6295:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6270:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6210:Livonian Order
6207:
6205:Teutonic Order
6195:
6193:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5986:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5965:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5942:Duchy of Zator
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5569:Greater Poland
5565:
5563:
5561:Greater Poland
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5482:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5268:Stettin (1653)
5265:
5259:
5257:Stettin (1630)
5254:
5248:
5246:Stettin (1570)
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5219:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5172:Łęczyca (1433)
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5076:
5074:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4961:
4959:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4925:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4852:Vistula Veneti
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:Linear Pottery
4748:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4722:
4721:
4712:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4614:
4612:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4477:
4475:
4468:
4466:Roman Catholic
4458:
4457:
4455:Ecclesiastical
4454:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4408:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4244:Tuchola Forest
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4210:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4130:
4128:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4050:Stettin Region
4042:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3957:
3952:
3950:Bezirk Rostock
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3908:Stettin Region
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3811:Northern March
3808:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3788:
3787:
3785:Administrative
3784:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:600–1100
3738:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3688:Teutonic Order
3685:
3662:
3661:External links
3659:
3658:
3657:
3644:
3639:978-0415691710
3638:
3624:
3618:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3582:
3567:
3538:
3536:, 49(1), 1–22.
3525:
3513:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3470:
3448:
3433:
3424:
3412:see references
3396:
3379:
3367:see references
3351:
3339:see references
3323:
3311:see references
3298:
3286:see references
3273:
3261:see references
3241:
3229:see references
3216:
3204:see references
3188:
3176:see references
3158:
3146:see references
3133:
3121:see references
3105:
3093:see references
3077:
3065:see references
3049:
3037:see references
3024:
3012:see references
2999:
2987:see references
2974:
2962:see references
2949:
2936:
2924:see references
2911:
2899:see references
2883:
2871:see references
2849:
2822:
2810:
2795:
2788:
2768:
2761:
2741:
2734:
2714:
2708:978-8311118089
2707:
2689:
2652:
2645:
2627:
2620:
2600:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2429:
2426:
2412:
2409:
2373:Roman Catholic
2346:Prusy Książęce
2320:Lutheran faith
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2277:
2274:
2075:
2072:
2021:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:Hungarian iron
1860:
1857:
1832:Conrad Letzkau
1810:, promoted by
1773:
1770:
1700:
1697:
1598:
1595:
1575:Kalisz in 1343
1546:Juliusz Kossak
1519:Culm (Chełmno)
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1426:Teutonic Order
1387:Culm (Chełmno)
1351:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1307:Middle Germany
1293:
1292:Cities founded
1290:
1181:
1178:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1141:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1057:Teutonic Order
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1033:Northern March
1027:
1026:
1013:
1012:
975:
972:
970:
967:
928:to become the
882:Peace of Thorn
835:personal union
820:Teutonic Order
804:Livonian Order
760:
757:
721:Peace of Thorn
656:Livonian Order
640:Teutonic Order
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
598:
592:
591:
584:
578:
577:
570:
564:
563:
556:
550:
549:
542:
533:
530:
529:
524:
516:
515:
510:
502:
501:
496:
484:
483:
478:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
443:
440:
439:
436:
429:
426:
425:
422:
416:
413:
412:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
390:
387:
386:
383:
377:
374:
373:
370:
364:
361:
360:
357:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
338:
337:Historical era
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:
320:
319:
307:
304:
301:
300:
292:
289:
286:
285:
277:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
257:(until 1525);
251:(until 1308);
245:
244:
236:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
147:
143:
142:
132:(Prussia only)
119:
115:
114:
111:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
85:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
68:
67:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7566:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7447:
7444:
7407:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
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7274:
7271:
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7266:
7264:
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7259:
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7246:
7244:
7241:
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7236:
7234:
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7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7099:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6992:Crimean Goths
6990:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6955:Salian Franks
6953:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
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6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6638:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6516:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6393:Early culture
6390:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6323:
6316:
6311:
6309:
6304:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6014:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5995:
5993:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5970:
5966:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5528:Lesser Poland
5525:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5491:
5489:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5423:Two Plus Four
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Warsaw (1970)
5404:
5402:
5401:Moscow (1970)
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5318:Frederiksborg
5316:
5314:(1719 / 1720)
5313:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:Soldin (1466)
5181:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5098:Soldin (1309)
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5056:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4957:West Germanic
4954:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4448:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:Contemporary
4409:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:Royal Prussia
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:Contemporary
4211:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4190:Köslin Region
4188:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4156:Royal Prussia
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:List of Dukes
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4117:classified as
4114:
4110:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:Contemporary
4091:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:Köslin Region
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Schlawe-Stolp
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:List of Dukes
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:Contemporary
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:List of Dukes
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3806:Billung March
3804:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3679:Ordensland.de
3677:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3619:3-520-37105-7
3615:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3487:, p. 54.
3486:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3420:3-520-37105-7
3417:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:3-520-37105-7
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:3-520-37105-7
3344:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3319:3-520-37105-7
3316:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3294:3-520-37105-7
3291:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3269:3-520-37105-7
3266:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:3-520-37105-7
3234:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3212:3-520-37105-7
3209:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:3-520-37105-7
3181:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3154:3-520-37105-7
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3129:3-520-37105-7
3126:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:3-520-37105-7
3098:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:3-520-37105-7
3070:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3045:3-520-37105-7
3042:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3020:3-520-37105-7
3017:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:3-520-37105-7
2992:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2970:3-520-37105-7
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:3-520-37105-7
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:3-520-37105-7
2904:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:3-520-37105-7
2876:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:lizard union.
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2571:
2565:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:Martin Luther
2362:
2361:Ducal Prussia
2358:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2329:Ducal Prussia
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:Royal Prussia
2243:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:In 1402, the
2029:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:Scania Market
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1797:Johann Niebur
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:travelled to
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1527:Thorn (Toruń)
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:Magdeburg law
1314:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:Bull of Rieti
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:announced at
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:Old Prussians
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
973:
968:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:
941:
939:
935:
932:ruled by the
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:Prusy zakonne
899:
895:
891:
890:Royal Prussia
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:Cologne marks
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:Terra Mariana
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:
766:
758:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:Prusy zakonne
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
661:Terra Mariana
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
599:
597:
596:Royal Prussia
594:
593:
585:
583:
580:
579:
571:
569:
566:
565:
557:
555:
552:
551:
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:
528:
525:
518:
517:
514:
511:
504:
503:
500:
499:Old Prussians
497:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
438:10 April 1525
437:
433:
423:
420:
410:
407:
397:
394:
384:
381:
371:
368:
358:
355:
342:
339:
335:
332:
329:
325:
321:
316:
315:Terra Mariana
311:
308:
296:
293:
281:
278:
264:
261:
256:
250:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
168:
164:
158:
151:
148:
144:
138:
128:
120:
116:
109:
104:
94:
82:
74:
69:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
7416:
6686:Anglo-Saxons
6676:Adrabaecampi
6659:Bucinobantes
6401:Architecture
6243:Dobrzyń Land
6198:
6159:Stato da Màr
5901:
5694:Sieradz Land
5142:Thorn, First
4970:Low Prussian
4927:
4771:Comb Ceramic
4756:Funnelbeaker
4718:anthropology
4617:
4535:with see in
4480:
4334:West Prussia
4305:
4249:Chełmno Land
3664:
3648:
3629:
3609:
3591:
3585:
3576:
3570:
3561:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3461:
3451:
3442:
3436:
3427:
3407:
3362:
3334:
3306:
3301:
3281:
3276:
3256:
3224:
3219:
3199:
3171:
3141:
3136:
3116:
3088:
3060:
3032:
3027:
3007:
3002:
2982:
2977:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2919:
2914:
2894:
2866:
2844:
2835:
2825:
2813:
2778:
2771:
2751:
2744:
2724:
2717:
2698:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2675:
2636:
2630:
2610:
2603:
2551:
2526:
2481:
2445:
2435:outer bailey
2431:
2417:World War II
2414:
2397:
2393:Church Order
2366:
2327:
2297:
2279:
2254:protectorate
2239:
2234:
2216:
2174:
2163:
2132:
2093:
2061:
2030:
2023:
2007:15th century
1955:Rhenish wine
1905:Flemish salt
1801:
1778:Großschäffer
1777:
1776:The Order's
1775:
1752:
1744:
1732:
1713:
1702:
1670:
1635:
1600:
1586:
1582:
1571:Dobrzyń Land
1551:
1503:Grand Master
1502:
1496:
1456:
1448:14th century
1376:
1353:
1350:13th century
1315:
1295:
1263:
1252:
1224:Frederick II
1221:
1213:Transylvania
1202:
1183:
1180:Papal edicts
1163:
1056:
977:
944:
942:
905:
893:
862:Chełmno Land
855:
832:
798:controlling
772:Chełmno Land
762:
736:
724:
710:
674:Chełmno Land
659:
619:
617:
481:Succeeded by
480:
475:
385:15 July 1410
262:(until 1561)
249:Grand Master
98:Coat of arms
29:
7438: /
7126:Nahanarvali
7049:Hilleviones
6962:Frisiavones
6830:Cananefates
6820:Burgundians
6731:Banochaemae
6581:Anglo-Saxon
6532:Anglo-Saxon
6498:Anglo-Saxon
6481:Anglo-Saxon
6464:Anglo-Saxon
5721:Lubusz Land
5296:Lund (1679)
5109:Ueckermünde
5007:West Slavic
4929:Ostsiedlung
4907:Slovincians
4766:Corded Ware
4741:Maglemosian
3968:Brandenburg
3683:(in German)
3557:(in German)
3521:Górski 1949
3509:Górski 1949
3497:Górski 1949
3485:Górski 1949
2945:Hochmeister
2943:in German:
2818:Górski 1949
2806:Górski 1949
2678:(in Polish)
2596:Górski 1949
2554:Ordensstaat
2457:Ostsiedlung
2411:Archaeology
2298:During the
2161:of Poland.
2088:Jan Matejko
1919:Wismar beer
1913:French wine
1714:During the
1554:Władysław I
1475:Władysław I
1286:Kaliningrad
1166:Yotvingians
1154:Brandenburg
1146:(from 1945)
1140:(from 1945)
1053:(1157–1618)
1006:Brandenburg
1004:History of
992:Kievan Rus'
814:for 19,000
527:Yotvingians
476:Preceded by
341:Middle Ages
327:Legislature
160:(1454–1525)
153:(1308–1454)
123:(1230–1466)
7453:Categories
7345:Vinoviloth
7133:Marcomanni
7116:Helveconae
7094:Heaðobards
7064:Istvaeones
7054:Ingaevones
7039:Hermunduri
7007:Ostrogoths
6997:Greuthungi
6875:Chattuarii
6701:Angrivarii
6696:Ampsivarii
6664:Lentienses
6493:Literature
6383:Viking Age
5665:Inowrocław
5546:Sandomierz
5359:Versailles
5262:Westphalia
5035:Slovincian
5025:Pomeranian
4965:Low German
4897:Kashubians
4791:Pomeranian
4714:Demography
4611:Historical
4603:Protestant
4474:Historical
4313:1466–1793
4274:Samborides
4149:Partitions
4021:Partitions
3841:Partitions
3602:References
2789:0198221363
2762:8788073300
2735:1576078000
2682:7 November
2646:0415371287
2621:0295980931
2560:pronounced
2535:pronounced
2511:Lithuanian
2494:pronounced
2177:Culmerland
2157:with King
2124:Tannenberg
2102:, and the
2064:gallstones
1876:Trave salt
1808:privateers
1783:bailiwicks
1755:Burgundian
1650:Harderwijk
1403:suffragans
1383:bishoprics
1343:See also:
1333:Lübeck law
1282:Königsberg
1217:Baltic Sea
1209:Burzenland
969:Background
636:Baltic Sea
359:March 1226
239:Theocratic
235:Government
224:Demonym(s)
179:Low German
157:Königsberg
150:Marienburg
7340:Vidivarii
7335:Victohali
7325:Vangiones
7258:Thuringii
7163:Nuithones
7059:Irminones
7022:Visigoths
7012:Thervingi
6972:Gambrivii
6925:Dulgubnii
6920:Dauciones
6870:Chasuarii
6810:Brondings
6736:Bastarnae
6726:Baiuvarii
6706:Armalausi
6669:Raetovari
6603:Languages
6571:Symbology
6431:Folklore
6426:Festivals
5961:With the
5887:Wallachia
5872:Volodymyr
5832:Pomerelia
5817:Pomerania
5809:Pomerania
5675:Gniewkowo
5395:Zgorzelec
5312:Stockholm
5251:Franzburg
5160:Perleberg
5030:Kashubian
4887:Velunzani
4847:Vidivarii
4761:Havelland
4539:1945–1972
4407:1975–1998
4396:1975–1998
4228:Pomerelia
4209:1975–1998
4125:Pomerelia
4089:1975–1998
3408:Die Hanse
3363:Die Hanse
3335:Die Hanse
3307:Die Hanse
3282:Die Hanse
3257:Die Hanse
3225:Die Hanse
3200:Die Hanse
3172:Die Hanse
3142:Die Hanse
3117:Die Hanse
3089:Die Hanse
3061:Die Hanse
3033:Die Hanse
3008:Die Hanse
2983:Die Hanse
2958:Die Hanse
2920:Die Hanse
2895:Die Hanse
2867:Die Hanse
2147:Pomesania
2139:Pomerelia
2116:Moldavian
2108:Ruthenian
1846:in 1398.
1750:in 1398.
1742:prevail.
1658:Amsterdam
1642:Zuiderzee
1391:Pomesania
1329:Lübeckers
1203:In 1211,
1174:Yotvingia
1118:Działdowo
878:Pogesania
874:Pomesania
858:Pomerelia
851:Lithuania
847:Samogitia
784:Lithuania
739:(Polish:
706:Samogitia
698:Pomerelia
424:1519–1521
398:1454–1466
213:Religion
175:(popular)
71:1226–1561
7406:Category
7313:Hasdingi
7298:Usipetes
7278:Tubantes
7263:Toxandri
7243:Tencteri
7218:Suarines
7203:Sicambri
7198:Semnones
7178:Reudigni
7148:Mattiaci
7138:Marsacii
7089:Lombards
7079:Lacringi
7074:Juthungi
6905:Corconti
6890:Cherusci
6865:Charudes
6845:Chaedini
6815:Bructeri
6800:Bateinoi
6771:Eburones
6766:Condrusi
6761:Caeroesi
6756:Atuatuci
6691:Ambrones
6654:Brisgavi
6649:Alemanni
6527:Paganism
6416:Clothing
6411:Calendar
6358:Germania
6278:Crusades
6156:Venetian
5882:Moldavia
5857:Kopanica
5799:Oświęcim
5794:Oleśnica
5789:Siewierz
5739:Racibórz
5509:Fiefdoms
5234:Augsburg
5228:Grimnitz
5193:Prenzlau
5063:Treaties
5015:Polabian
4862:Prissani
4801:Wielbark
4781:Lusatian
4239:Kociewie
4234:Kashubia
2833:(1917).
2451:See also
2400:Habsburg
2389:Lutheran
2185:Kneiphof
1989:Ash woad
1836:flotilla
1709:Novgorod
1511:Ditmarsh
1480:Waldemar
1465:and the
1246:and the
1194:crusades
922:monastic
769:Masovian
759:Overview
678:Courland
630:) was a
461:Currency
310:Gotthard
199:Livonian
194:Estonian
129:and part
7426:20°31′E
7423:54°43′N
7330:Varisci
7318:Silingi
7308:Vandals
7283:Tulingi
7273:Triboci
7268:Treveri
7248:Teutons
7238:Taifals
7213:Sitones
7153:Nemetes
7111:Helisii
7084:Lemovii
7002:Gutones
6935:Firaesi
6930:Favonae
6910:Cugerni
6900:Cobandi
6855:Chamavi
6850:Chaemae
6840:Casuari
6835:Caritni
6805:Betasii
6776:Paemani
6711:Auiones
6576:Warfare
6554:Scripts
6522:Numbers
6346:History
6191:Livonia
6186:Prussia
6043:vassals
5877:Podolia
5779:Cieszyn
5754:Legnica
5729:Silesia
5717:Silesia
5707:Sieradz
5702:Łęczyca
5690:Łęczyca
5680:Dobrzyń
5655:Kuyavia
5647:Kuyavia
5607:Masovia
5599:Masovia
5579:Gniezno
5551:Wiślica
5389:Potsdam
5103:Templin
5080:Kremmen
4837:Lemovii
4820:Peoples
4796:Oksywie
4786:Jastorf
4736:Hamburg
3836:Gützkow
2462:Prussia
2210:of the
1891:Herring
1856:Saffron
1844:Gotland
1772:Trading
1766:embargo
1762:Flemish
1677:Hamburg
1662:Brielle
1654:Cologne
1619:England
1615:Øresund
1601:In the
1587:Pomorze
1567:Kuyavia
1415:Gotland
1405:to the
1372:Estonia
1364:Livonia
1339:History
1311:Silesia
1232:Livonia
1228:Catania
1198:knights
1136:within
1134:Masuria
1110:Present
1081:within
1010:Prussia
828:Neumark
824:Gotland
818:to the
765:Prussia
747:of the
745:fiefdom
694:Neumark
690:Estonia
686:Livonia
682:Gotland
666:Estonia
648:Prussia
444:•
430:•
417:•
404:•
391:•
378:•
365:•
352:•
331:Estates
280:Hermann
146:Capital
7350:Warini
7303:Vagoth
7288:Tungri
7253:Thelir
7233:Swedes
7228:Sunici
7193:Saxons
7188:Rugini
7121:Manimi
7106:Diduni
7044:Heruli
6982:Gepids
6967:Frisii
6945:Franks
6895:Cimbri
6885:Chauci
6880:Chatti
6793:Nervii
6788:Morini
6746:Belgae
6741:Batavi
6716:Avarpi
6681:Angles
6641:Groups
6591:Viking
6537:Gothic
6515:Gothic
6421:Family
6096:Greece
6060:Marash
6030:Levant
5774:Lwówek
5749:Lubusz
5744:Głogów
5622:Warsaw
5612:Czersk
5589:Wieluń
5584:Kalisz
5574:Poznań
5541:Kraków
5513:Poland
5455:(1996)
5449:(1993)
5443:(1991)
5437:(1991)
5431:(1990)
5425:(1990)
5419:(1989)
5413:(1975)
5397:(1951)
5391:(1945)
5385:(1939)
5379:(1933)
5373:(1929)
5367:(1925)
5361:(1919)
5350:(1866)
5344:(1815)
5342:Vienna
5338:(1814)
5332:(1807)
5330:Tilsit
5320:(1720)
5287:(1660)
5281:(1657)
5275:(1656)
5273:Labiau
5264:(1648)
5253:(1627)
5242:(1569)
5240:Lublin
5236:(1555)
5230:(1529)
5224:(1525)
5222:Kraków
5218:(1521)
5201:(1493)
5199:Pyritz
5179:(1435)
5168:(1427)
5162:(1427)
5156:(1422)
5150:(1415)
5144:(1411)
5133:(1390)
5131:Pyzdry
5117:(1343)
5115:Kalisz
5111:(1327)
5105:(1317)
5094:(1282)
5088:(1250)
5086:Landin
5082:(1236)
5020:Polish
4882:Lutici
4877:Veleti
4872:Ukrani
4827:Gepids
4806:Gustow
4641:Extant
4547:Extant
4011:Cammin
3653:Poznań
3636:
3616:
3559:) on:
3468:
3418:
3373:
3345:
3317:
3292:
3267:
3235:
3210:
3182:
3152:
3127:
3099:
3071:
3043:
3018:
2993:
2968:
2930:
2905:
2877:
2786:
2759:
2732:
2705:
2643:
2618:
2519:Polish
2486:German
2342:Polish
2334:German
2258:Poland
2227:Kraków
2181:Elbing
2045:Kraków
2041:Poland
1997:Butter
1975:Barley
1885:Pepper
1870:Ginger
1804:piracy
1673:Bremen
1646:Elburg
1638:Kampen
1627:Lübeck
1463:Poland
1430:Warmia
1422:canons
1368:Latvia
1236:Sambia
1150:Berlin
1130:Warmia
910:Polish
898:Polish
870:Warmia
792:Polish
788:German
729:Polish
670:Latvia
295:Albert
265:
229:Teuton
204:Polish
137:Poland
118:Status
58:
48:German
44:
7223:Suebi
7208:Sciri
7183:Rugii
7173:Quadi
7158:Njars
7143:Marsi
7101:Lugii
7069:Jutes
7034:Harii
7029:Gutes
6987:Goths
6977:Geats
6915:Danes
6860:Chali
6781:Segni
6721:Baemi
6564:Runes
6549:Rings
6542:Norse
6510:Names
6503:Norse
6486:Norse
6469:Norse
5892:Caffa
5867:Chełm
5862:Spisz
5784:Brzeg
5769:Bytom
5764:Żagań
5759:Jawor
5734:Opole
5637:Wizna
5617:Płock
5285:Oliva
5216:Thorn
5154:Melno
5092:Kępno
4902:Poles
4842:Rugii
4832:Goths
2550:) or
2473:Notes
2442:Coins
2402:-led
2189:Thorn
2112:Tatar
1992:4.75
1983:Honey
1964:5.75
1947:Wheat
1941:Steel
1933:Flour
1916:109.5
1902:237.5
1880:12.5
1788:amber
1705:Pskov
1631:Saxon
1507:Diets
1411:Visby
1230:that
904:) or
735:) or
624:Latin
184:Latin
62:Latin
7293:Ubii
6940:Fosi
6825:Buri
6189:and
5719:and
5632:Belz
5627:Rawa
5336:Kiel
4867:Rani
4716:and
3634:ISBN
3614:ISBN
3466:ISBN
3416:ISBN
3371:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3315:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3265:ISBN
3233:ISBN
3208:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3097:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3041:ISBN
3016:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2966:ISBN
2928:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2875:ISBN
2784:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2730:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2684:2020
2641:ISBN
2616:ISBN
2398:The
2355:The
2252:and
2250:fief
2240:The
2208:fief
2114:and
2082:The
1978:4.2
1936:7.5
1927:Rice
1922:7.5
1873:1040
1859:7040
1735:Zwin
1675:and
1660:and
1648:and
1579:fief
1569:and
1556:and
1536:The
1397:and
1370:and
1309:and
1302:Oder
1300:and
1298:Elbe
1280:and
1152:and
1077:and
1008:and
918:fief
876:and
864:and
826:and
790:and
715:and
668:and
618:The
465:Mark
127:Fief
86:Flag
7168:Osi
6476:Law
6406:Art
6333:of
5511:of
4123:or
2509:;
2256:of
2145:in
2043:in
2000:30
1969:Oil
1961:Rye
1899:Wax
1894:12
1888:640
1865:21
1806:by
1436:).
1413:on
1288:).
134:of
7455::
6201:*
4246:,
4241:,
4236:,
3626:*
3410:,
3399:^
3382:^
3365:,
3354:^
3337:,
3326:^
3309:,
3284:,
3259:,
3244:^
3227:,
3202:,
3191:^
3174:,
3161:^
3144:,
3119:,
3108:^
3091:,
3080:^
3063:,
3052:^
3035:,
3010:,
2985:,
2960:,
2922:,
2897:,
2886:^
2869:,
2852:^
2843:.
2841:45
2798:^
2674:.
2655:^
2584:^
2521::
2517:;
2513::
2492:,
2488::
2395:.
2371:,
2344::
2340:;
2336::
2306:,
2285:.
2187:,
2183:,
2130:.
2110:,
2059:.
1986:35
1972:60
1958:66
1950:7
1944:75
1930:80
1908:8
1683:,
1521:,
1517:,
1494:.
1393:,
1389:,
1385::
1374:.
1219:.
1132:,
965:.
940:.
912::
900::
853:.
731::
708:.
696:,
692:,
688:,
684:,
680:,
676:,
626::
6453:)
6314:e
6307:t
6300:v
6219:*
6005:e
5998:t
5991:v
5692:-
5501:e
5494:t
5487:v
4350:)
4346:(
4251:)
4232:(
3717:e
3710:t
3703:v
3642:.
3622:.
3474:.
3422:.
3377:.
3349:.
3321:.
3296:.
3271:.
3239:.
3214:.
3186:.
3156:.
3131:.
3103:.
3075:.
3047:.
3022:.
2997:.
2972:.
2934:.
2909:.
2881:.
2792:.
2765:.
2738:.
2711:.
2686:.
2649:.
2624:.
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2533:(
2332:(
2122:(
2090:)
1548:)
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727:(
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622:(
317:)
64:)
60:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
