702:(FATF), an intergovernmental body set up to combat money laundering, stated, "Due to the illegal nature of the transactions, precise statistics are not available and it is therefore impossible to produce a definitive estimate of the amount of money that is globally laundered every year. The FATF therefore does not publish any figures in this regard." Academic commentators have likewise been unable to estimate the volume of money with any degree of assurance. Various estimates of the scale of global money laundering are sometimes repeated often enough to make some people regard them as factual—but no researcher has overcome the inherent difficulty of measuring an actively concealed practice.
751:
2996:
2807:
2849:
2975:
847:. This was revealed on 19 September 2018. Investigations by Denmark, Estonia, the U.K. and the U.S. were joined by France in February 2019. On 19 February 2019, Danske Bank announced that it would cease operating in Russia and the Baltic States. This statement came shortly after Estonia's banking regulator Finantsinspektsioon announced that they would close the Estonian branch of Danske Bank. The investigation has grown to include Swedbank, which may have laundered $ 4.3 billion. More at
1673:
1421:
2618:
1484:
2912:
1337:
1589:
666:
legitimate funds from official circulation. Unaccounted cash received via disguising financial transactions is not included in official financial reporting and could be used to evade taxes, hand in bribes and pay "under-the-table" salaries. For example, in an affidavit filed on 24 March 2014 in United States
District Court, Northern California, San Francisco Division, FBI special agent Emmanuel V. Pascau alleged that several people associated with the
2366:
2156:
2555:
2387:
1715:
1295:
2303:
2093:
1547:
1274:
3017:
2786:
2702:
2450:
2177:
1988:
1925:
1862:
2891:
2744:
2723:
2639:
2534:
2492:
2282:
1904:
1652:
1631:
1526:
1463:
1442:
1316:
3045:
40:
2954:
2660:
2576:
2345:
2324:
2135:
2009:
1967:
1946:
1841:
1757:
1736:
1694:
1610:
1568:
1400:
1253:
1232:
1211:
1086:
2933:
2681:
2471:
2408:
2261:
2240:
2114:
2072:
1883:
1820:
1379:
1358:
2870:
2219:
2198:
1505:
1799:
2429:
2828:
2597:
2513:
1778:
2765:
2051:
2030:
6316:
332:, is a method of placement whereby cash is broken into smaller deposits of money, used to defeat suspicion of money laundering and to avoid anti-money laundering reporting requirements. A sub-component of this is to use smaller amounts of cash to purchase bearer instruments, such as money orders, and then ultimately deposit those, again in small amounts.
231:, which was fined $ 8.9 billion in July 2014 by the U.S. government. Many countries introduced or strengthened border controls on the amount of cash that can be carried and introduced central transaction reporting systems where all financial institutions have to report all financial transactions electronically. For example, in 2006,
922:(ICIJ) revealed FinCEN Files, about the involvement of about $ 2tn of transactions by some of the world's biggest banks. FinCEN files also revealed that Dubai-based Gunes General Trading, based in Dubai funneled Iranian state money via UAE's central banking system and processed $ 142 million in 2011 and 2012.
709:
of US dollars and poses a significant policy concern for governments. As a result, governments and international bodies have undertaken efforts to deter, prevent, and apprehend money launderers. Financial institutions have likewise undertaken efforts to prevent and detect transactions involving dirty
665:
Reverse money laundering is a process that disguises a legitimate source of funds that are to be used for illegal purposes. It is usually perpetrated for the purpose of financing terrorism but can be also used by criminal organizations that have invested in legal businesses and would like to withdraw
411:
to disguise the movement of money. For example, the art market has been accused of being an ideal vehicle for money laundering due to several unique aspects of art such as the subjective value of art works as well as the secrecy of auction houses about the identity of the buyer and seller. According
737:
Transaction laundering is a massive and growing problem. Finextra estimated that transaction laundering accounted for over $ 200 billion in the US in 2017 alone, with over $ 6 billion of these sales involving illicit goods or services, sold by nearly 335,000 unregistered merchants. Money laundering
476:
Transaction
Laundering: When a merchant unknowingly processes illicit credit card transactions for another business. It is a growing problem and recognised as distinct from traditional money laundering in using the payments ecosystem to hide that the transaction even occurred (e.g. the use of fake
351:
to overlap. Such enterprises often operate openly and in doing so generate cash revenue from incidental legitimate business in addition to the illicit cash. In such cases the business will usually claim all cash received as legitimate earnings. Service businesses are best suited to this method, as
681:
in
Russian) has become acute in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union. The Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism (EAG) reported that the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Turkey, Serbia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia and Kazakhstan have encountered a
516:
should provide as easy a method of transferring value without revealing identity as untracked banknotes, especially wire transfers involving anonymity-protecting numbered bank accounts. In practice, however, the record-keeping capabilities of
Internet service providers and other network resource
306:
Money laundering is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds (i.e., "dirty money") appear legal (i.e., "clean"). Typically, it involves three steps: placement, layering, and integration. First, the illegitimate funds are furtively introduced into the legitimate financial system. Then, the
266:
Money laundering is the conversion or transfer of property; the concealment or disguising of the nature of the proceeds; the acquisition, possession or use of property, knowing that these are derived from criminal acts; the participating in or assisting the movement of funds to make the proceeds
455:
Casinos: In this method, an individual walks into a casino and buys chips with illicit cash. The individual will then play for a relatively short time. When the person cashes in the chips, they will expect to take payment in a check, or at least get a receipt so they can claim the proceeds as
294:
Money laundering typically involves three steps: The first involves introducing cash into the financial system by some means ("placement"); the second involves carrying out complex financial transactions to camouflage the illegal source of the cash ("layering"); and finally, acquiring wealth
496:
Through Sports: Investigation teams have identified sport profits as a common way to launder money. In Latin
Amercia, in particular, drug traffickers are frequently found to own Soccer Clubs, and to launder money through their intermediate, by buying and selling players, selling tickets and
637:
for the profit of crime and corruption, Australia is planning to strengthen the nation's anti-money laundering laws. The characteristics of
Bitcoin—it is completely deterministic, protocol based and can be difficult to censor—make it possible to circumvent national laws using services like
215:
to put pressure on governments around the world to increase surveillance and monitoring of financial transactions and share this information between countries. Starting in 2002, governments around the world upgraded money laundering laws and surveillance and monitoring systems of financial
582:
led the Office of
Foreign Assets Control to sanction it, prompting some users to sue the Treasury Department. Proponents have argued mixers allow users to protect their privacy and that the government lacks the authority to restrict access to decentralized software. In the United States,
492:
to pay freelancers. A money launderer can post a token job on one of these sites, and send the money for the site to hold in escrow. The launderer (or his associate) can then sign on as a freelancer (using a different account and IP address), accept and complete the job, and be paid the
445:, exempt from taxation. A variant on this is to transfer money to a law firm or similar organization as funds on account of fees, then to cancel the retainer and, when the money is remitted, represent the sums received from the lawyers as a legacy under a will or proceeds of litigation.
557:
these types of wash trades are becoming increasingly popular among money launderers especially due to the largely anonymous nature of transactions on NFT marketplaces. Auction platforms for NFT sales may face regulatory pressure to comply with anti-money laundering legislation.
521:
under recent development have aimed to provide for more possibilities of transaction anonymity for various reasons, the degree to which they succeed — and, in consequence, the degree to which they offer benefits for money laundering efforts — is controversial. Solutions such as
984:: Standard Bank South Africa London Branch – The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has fined Standard Bank PLC (Standard Bank) £7,640,400 for failings relating to its anti-money laundering (AML) policies and procedures over corporate and private bank customers connected to
183:
in order to catch the organizers and individuals running drug empires. It also had the benefit, from a law enforcement point of view, of turning rules of evidence "upside down". Law enforcers normally have to prove an individual is guilty to seize their property, but with
459:
Other gambling: Money is spent on gambling, preferably on high odds games. One way to minimize risk with this method is to bet on every possible outcome of some event that has many possible outcomes, so no outcome(s) have short odds, and the bettor will lose only the
4747:
290:
is "dirty" and needs to be "cleaned" to appear to have been derived from legal activities, so that banks and other financial institutions will deal with it without suspicion. Money can be laundered by many methods that vary in complexity and sophistication.
1156:: Enacted the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) requiring companies to disclose their beneficial owners to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), effectively banning anonymous shell corporations and enhancing transparency in corporate ownership.
610:, and could be sent and received anonymously. The receiver could convert the Liberty Reserve currency back into cash for a small fee. In May 2013, the US authorities shut down Liberty Reserve, charging its founder and various others with money laundering.
565:
have been increasingly used by cybercriminals over the past decade to launder funds. A mixer blends the cryptocurrencies of many users together to obfuscate the origins and owners of funds, enabling a greater degree of privacy on public blockchains like
242:
With the surge in digital asset late 2010s, there's been a noticeable rise in money laundering and fraud tied to cryptocurrency. In 2021 alone, cybercriminals managed to secure US$ 14 billion in cryptocurrency through various illicit activities.
346:
Cash-intensive businesses: In this method, a business typically expected to receive a large proportion of its revenue as cash uses its accounts to deposit criminally derived cash. This method of money laundering often causes organized crime and
103:
definition is wider. The act is defined as "the process by which the proceeds of crime are converted into assets which appear to have a legitimate origin, so that they can be retained permanently or recycled into further criminal enterprises".
295:
generated from the transactions of the illicit funds ("integration"). Some of these steps may be omitted, depending upon the circumstances. For example, non-cash proceeds that are already in the financial system would not need to be placed.
6124:
1018:
Graduate School of Arts and
Sciences Economics Department alumnus, was convicted in Luxembourg in June 1990 "in what was one of the largest drug money laundering cases ever brought in Europe" and the US in 1996 of money laundering for the
1000:: On 24 September 2020, Westpac and AUSTRAC agreed to a AUD $ 1.3 billion penalty over Westpac's breaches of the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 - the largest fine ever issued in Australian corporate history.
3956:
950:, in December 2012, paid a record $ 1.9 Billion fines for money-laundering hundreds of millions of dollars for drug traffickers, terrorists and sanctioned governments such as Iran. The money-laundering occurred throughout the 2000s.
307:
money is moved around to create confusion, sometimes by wiring or transferring through numerous accounts. Finally, it is integrated into the financial system through additional transactions until the "dirty money" appears "clean".
877:
between 2010 and 2014. Newspaper sources estimated the total value of laundered currency to be as high as $ 80bn. The bank is also under investigation for its involvement in Europe's biggest banking scandal through
Denmark's
1067:: Unknown amount, estimated at US$ 10 billion of government assets laundered through banks and financial institutions in the United States, Liechtenstein, Austria, Panama, Netherlands Antilles, Cayman Islands, Vanuatu,
4180:'They buy a Colombian player from a very low-level soccer team and then take him to play in the Croatian Soccer League. But they sell him for 100 times or 200 times more than what he cost,' said a Colombian police official
994:: paid $ 330 million in fines for money-laundering hundreds of billions of dollars for Iran. The money-laundering took place in the 2000s and occurred for "nearly a decade to hide 60,000 transactions worth $ 250 billion".
7004:
4932:
For example, under UK law the first offences created for money laundering both related to the proceeds from the sale of illegal narcotics under the
Criminal Justice Act 1988 and then later under the Drug Trafficking Act
4739:
3063:
422:
and trusts: Trusts and shell companies disguise the true owners of money. Trusts and corporate vehicles, depending on the jurisdiction, need not disclose their true owner. Sometimes referred to by the slang term
730:). Finally people, vessels, organisations and governments can be sanctioned due to international law breaking, war (and of course tit-for-tat sanctions), and still want to move funds into markets where they are
188:, money can be confiscated and it is up to the individual to prove that the source of funds is legitimate to get the money back. This makes it much easier for law enforcement agencies and provides for much lower
5629:
3892:
650:
after ransomware attacks, drug dealings, cyber fraud and gunrunning. However, many digital currency exchanges are now operating KYC programs under threat of regulation from the jurisdictions they operate in.
448:
Bank capture: In this case, money launderers or criminals buy a controlling interest in a bank, preferably in a jurisdiction with weak money laundering controls, and then move money through the bank without
3448:
832:
after it was discovered the bank was being used for money laundering activities by multiple accounts containing missing customer information. More than $ 1.5 billion had been laundered before the scam was
4016:
452:
Invoice Fraud: An example is when a criminal contacts a company saying that the supplier payment details have changed. They then provide alternative, fraudulent details in order for you to pay them money.
4686:
416:, one strategy that is favored by high-net-worth individuals is specialist storage facilities. Art kept in these spaces have been used by individuals to evade sanctions and launder the proceeds of crime.
6236:
5223:
6031:
172:
brought in a new emphasis by the state and law enforcement agencies to track and confiscate money, but existing laws against tax evasion could not be used once gangsters started paying their taxes.
6373:
6116:
5721:
4951:
4572:
321:
Money laundering can take several forms, although most methodologies can be categorized into one of a few types. These include "bank methods, smurfing , currency exchanges, and double-invoicing".
5537:
5201:
682:
substantial shrinkage of tax base and shifting money supply balance in favor of cash. These processes have complicated planning and management of the economy and contributed to the growth of the
192:. However, this process has been abused by some law enforcement agencies to take and keep money without strong evidence of related criminal activity, to be used to supplement their own budgets.
5140:
6063:
3986:
3948:
5997:
5483:
3416:
5782:
694:
Many regulatory and governmental authorities issue estimates each year for the amount of money laundered, either worldwide or within their national economy. In 1996, a spokesperson for the
1174:: Strengthened its anti-money laundering framework through the Swiss Anti-Money Laundering Act (AMLA), which mandates due diligence and reporting requirements for financial institutions.
7126:
4169:
3767:
5569:
4376:
3852:
5453:
7065:
4654:
3918:
6923:
6882:
919:
6864:
5814:
5224:"Danske Bank reveals Estonian branch may have laundered $ 230 billion as CEO steps down - ACFCS | Association of Certified Financial Crime Specialists | A BARBRI, Inc. Company"
3672:
4283:
3490:
5875:
5599:
5084:
710:
money, both as a result of government requirements and to avoid the reputational risk involved. Issues relating to money laundering have existed as long as there have been
3874:
236:
5292:
5106:
4981:
5751:
5621:
43:
Placing 'dirty' money in a service company, where it is layered with legitimate income and then integrated into the flow of money, is a common form of money laundering.
6147:
6093:
4099:
3896:
5322:
4770:
4068:
699:
212:
5690:
5513:
6900:
5944:
3438:
978:: US$ 2–5 billion of government assets laundered through banks in the UK, Luxembourg, Jersey (Channel Islands), and Switzerland, by the president of Nigeria.
138:
more important to combating international crime and terrorism, money laundering has become a prominent political, economic, and legal debate. Money laundering is
4008:
3280:
3209:
812:
for serious breaches of anti-money laundering requirements, poor management oversight of the bank's operations, and gross misconduct of some of the bank's staff.
7033:
4676:
6228:
4192:
Larkin, Charles; Pearce, Nick; Shannon, Nadine (2022). "Criminality and cryptocurrencies: Enforcement and policy responses – Part II". In Corbet, Shaen (ed.).
127:. Courts involve money laundering committed by private individuals, drug dealers, businesses, corrupt officials, members of criminal organizations such as the
5262:
7136:
7116:
6831:
5231:
4046:
7174:
7009:
6853:
6023:
6001:
3919:"Merchant-based money laundering Part 3: The medium is the method - ACFCS | Association of Certified Financial Crime Specialists | A BARBRI, Inc. Company"
1183:
Below table shows the annual reported money laundering cases per 100,000 population for individual countries for the last available year according to the
722:
in that both crimes usually involve the transmission of funds through the financial system (although money laundering relates to where the money has come
95:
law, money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions to conceal the identity, source, or destination of illegally gained money. In
7021:
6917:
5713:
5363:
4943:
4564:
4541:
4510:
3978:
5534:
5193:
3789:
3383:
164:
received a major boost from Prohibition and a large source of new funds that were obtained from illegal sales of alcohol. The successful prosecution of
5393:
6053:
5975:
5132:
767:
467:
Black salaries: A company may have unregistered employees without written contracts and pay them cash salaries. Dirty money might be used to pay them.
112:
4440:
4143:
1162:: Introduced the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act (AML/CTF Act) to regulate financial transactions and enhance transparency.
6951:
6337:
6205:
5475:
4312:
1184:
759:
599:
3406:
356:
and/or a large ratio between revenue and variable costs, which makes it difficult to detect discrepancies between revenues and costs. Examples are
6993:
6858:
5774:
3058:
1168:: Established the Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act to confiscate proceeds from serious crimes.
144:
illegal; the acts generating the money almost always are themselves criminal in some way (for if not, the money would not need to be laundered).
7081:
6998:
4624:
4406:
4316:
553:
for one individual, generating several fictitious sales and consequently selling the respective NFT to a third party. According to a report by
3759:
335:
Bulk cash smuggling: This involves physically smuggling cash to another jurisdiction and depositing it in a financial institution, such as an
6945:
6887:
6816:
4262:
4201:
3530:
3126:
538:). While not suitable for large-scaled crimes, privacy coins like Monero are suitable for laundering money made through small-scaled crimes.
185:
5560:
4884:
7164:
7159:
6940:
6870:
6401:
6285:
4372:
3848:
3078:
848:
844:
818:: $ 6 billion of bank funds embezzled or fraudulently loaned to shell companies and offshore holdings by the banks former chairman and CEO
584:
115:
to mean "any financial transaction which generates an asset or a value as the result of an illegal act," which may involve actions such as
5445:
4350:
407:
Trade-based laundering: This method is one of the newest and most complex forms of money laundering. This involves under- or over-valuing
6345:
7086:
6981:
6975:
4646:
3926:
1049:, to help him build a conference center in Macau for the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC), headed by Director
957:
953:
6329:
3550:
3156:
6811:
5804:
908:
was also involved in opening the accounts of the terror operatives and allowing financial transactions to take place between them and
5914:
5170:
3664:
6987:
6911:
6369:
6180:
4866:", 17th Plenary Meeting of the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism, 28 December 2012, New Delhi.
3742:
3583:
3471:
1133:
1107:
299:
5003:
Demetriades, Panicos; Vassileva, Radosveta (17 August 2020). "Money Laundering and Central Bank Governance in The European Union".
4279:
4253:
Hou, Greg (2022). "Cryptocurrency money laundering and exit scams: Cases, regulatory responses and issue". In Corbet, Shaen (ed.).
750:
3815:
7179:
7169:
7076:
5867:
5659:
5591:
4740:"Central Bankers And Crypto-Twitter Perennially In Opposition; Analysis Of Scale Of Crypto-Crime And The Prospect For Regulation"
4471:
3632:
3604:
2812:
223:
During 2011–2015 a number of major banks faced ever-increasing fines for breaches of money laundering regulations. This included
153:
7189:
3878:
3302:
770:: Unknown amount, estimated in billions, of criminal proceeds, including drug trafficking money, laundered during the mid-1980s.
6876:
5110:
1042:
809:
7194:
5284:
4973:
3694:
Naheem, Mohammed Ahmad (5 October 2015). "Trade based money laundering: towards a working definition for the banking sector".
6963:
6957:
6429:
5743:
1111:
1057:
more than 20 years ago. Ng Lap Seng, 69, was convicted in Federal District Court in Manhattan on two counts of violating the
434:
6155:
6085:
4859:
6361:
4907:
4107:
7249:
7229:
7071:
6969:
6929:
5314:
4777:
4076:
1058:
613:
Another increasingly common way of laundering money is to use online gaming. In a growing number of online games, such as
4373:"Crime and NFTs: Chainalysis Detects Significant Wash Trading and Some NFT Money Laundering In this Emerging Asset Class"
956:: Italian authorities investigated suspected money laundering transactions amounting to US$ 218 million made by the
7131:
7121:
7015:
6905:
6460:
6170:
5682:
5505:
4716:
3243:
31:
5936:
3273:
574:. Although not explicitly illegal in many jurisdictions, the legality of mixers is controversial. The use of the mixer
3213:
3083:
6320:
1096:
802:
against Cuba, Iran, and Sudan. It agreed to pay an $ 8.9 billion fine, the largest ever for violating U.S. sanctions.
642:
to obfuscate transaction origins. Bitcoin relies completely on cryptography, not on a central entity running under a
1150:: Implemented the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) to establish money laundering offenses and facilitate asset recovery.
972:: US$ 70 billion of Russian capital flight laundered through unregulated Nauru offshore shell banks, late 1990s
464:
and will have one or more winning bets that can be shown as the source of money. The losing bets will remain hidden.
7224:
6826:
5254:
1028:
985:
603:
534:― are examples of cryptocurrencies that provide unlinkable anonymity via proofs and/or obfuscation of information (
81:
It can also be defined as the sale of illicit services to generate money for criminal and terrorist organizations.
4038:
3186:
1115:
1100:
7219:
7154:
6847:
6631:
4218:
Kethineni, Sesha; Cao, Ying (2020). "The Rise in Popularity of Cryptocurrency and Associated Criminal Activity".
892:
was accused of "knowingly and purposefully" providing "financial services and other forms of material support to
442:
7244:
6584:
6394:
3269:
1187:. Proportion of unreported money laundering and definition of money laundering might differ between countries.
1041:
was sentenced to four years in prison in May 2018 for bribing two diplomats, including former president of the
507:
430:
5345:
4533:
4494:
3373:
545:(NFTs) are also commonly used in connection with money laundering activities. NFTs are often used to perform
427:, though that term usually refers to a person acting as the fictitious owner rather than the business entity.
6465:
6304:
5967:
5385:
5350:
905:
246:
6596:
4432:
4134:
3068:
1426:
1054:
1053:. The corruption case was the worst financial scandal for the United Nations since the abuse of the Iraqi
1024:
909:
562:
135:
6197:
5845:
4565:"Application of FinCEN's Regulations to Certain Business Models Involving Convertible Virtual Currencies"
179:
led governments again to turn to money laundering rules in an attempt to track and seize the proceeds of
6821:
6601:
6564:
6262:"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Corruption & Economic Crime, Category "Money laundering""
5837:
2623:
829:
825:
550:
413:
217:
203:
in the U.S. and similar legislation worldwide, led to a new emphasis on money laundering laws to combat
189:
157:
4616:
718:. In more recent times anti-money laundering legislation is seen as adjunct to the financial crime of
591:
7234:
6519:
6444:
3571:
2980:
897:
885:
755:
196:
4399:
4343:"A handful of NFT users are making big money off of a stealth scam. Here's how 'wash trading' works"
4305:
3098:
50:
is the process of illegally concealing the origin of money obtained from illicit activities such as
6626:
6387:
3093:
2917:
2014:
1015:
777:
719:
706:
377:
208:
204:
111:. Today its definition is often expanded by government and international regulators such as the US
5423:
4400:
Study of the Facilitation of Money Laundering and Terror Finance Through the Trade in Works of Art
4306:
Study of the Facilitation of Money Laundering and Terror Finance Through the Trade in Works of Art
3118:
7239:
7027:
6709:
6569:
6514:
6058:
5809:
5079:
5038:
Walker, Christopher; Aten, Melissa (2018). "The Rise of Kleptocracy: A Challenge For Democracy".
4876:
4595:
4235:
3328:
Kerr, David S.; Loveland, Karen A.; Smith, Katherine Taken; Smith, Lawrence Murphy (March 2023).
2455:
1678:
991:
889:
795:
643:
357:
180:
75:
4877:"Money Laundering: the Importance of International Countermeasures--Address by Michel Camdessus"
4342:
4255:
Understanding Cryptocurrency Fraud. The challenges and headwinds to regulate digital currencies
4194:
Understanding Cryptocurrency Fraud. The challenges and headwinds to regulate digital currencies
705:
Regardless of the difficulty in measurement, the amount of money laundered each year is in the
107:
In the past, the term "money laundering" was applied only to financial transactions related to
84:
It is a crime in many jurisdictions with varying definitions. It is usually a key operation of
6757:
6704:
6532:
6527:
6439:
6342:
6229:"Commercial Property: The Bernstein Brothers; A Tangled Tale of Americas Towers and the Crown"
6176:
5906:
5355:
5055:
5020:
4647:"Bitcoin one step closer to being regulated in Australia under new anti-money laundering laws"
4594:
Richet, Jean-Loup (June 2013). "Laundering Money Online: a review of cybercriminals methods".
4502:
4258:
4197:
3738:
3711:
3579:
3526:
3482:
3369:
3351:
1046:
933:
858:
646:
framework. There are several cases in which criminals have cashed out a significant amount of
621:
419:
283:
4677:"Hackers have cashed out on $ 143,000 of bitcoin from the massive WannaCry ransomware attack"
7091:
6801:
6772:
6659:
6589:
6559:
6326:
5047:
5012:
4838:
4811:
4227:
3703:
3546:
3341:
3148:
3073:
1064:
819:
791:
773:
660:
513:
373:
287:
279:
120:
51:
4829:
Zabyelina, Yuliya (2015). "Reverse money laundering in Russia: Clean cash for dirty ends".
940:(V-Bucks) and in-game purchases, for the account to then be sold online for "clean" money.
7048:
6752:
6747:
6424:
6365:
6349:
6333:
5898:
5541:
5162:
5074:
4863:
4174:
3088:
1061:, one count of paying bribes, one count of money laundering, and two counts of conspiracy.
1011:
966:, in May 2013, was seized by United States federal authorities for laundering $ 6 billion.
963:
937:
711:
607:
348:
275:
161:
108:
85:
4857:
Money laundering and terrorist financing with use of physical cash and bearer instruments
3306:
598:
ISIS, surveyed new techniques that cybercriminals were using in a report written for the
6261:
6806:
6762:
6679:
6299:
5622:"Inside scandal-rocked Danske Estonia and the shell-company 'factories' that served it"
3979:"Transaction laundering in 2019 – time to review the monitoring strategy | The Paypers"
3822:
3639:
3597:
3519:
1594:
1147:
862:
799:
781:
683:
667:
535:
518:
481:
397:
96:
5651:
4463:
7213:
7096:
6726:
6669:
4239:
3731:
3477:
2161:
1153:
981:
854:
639:
579:
365:
353:
336:
216:
transactions. Anti-money laundering regulations have become a much larger burden for
124:
92:
3439:"Italy police arrest 40 mafia suspects for drug smuggling via Chinese money brokers"
6767:
6719:
6714:
6674:
6574:
6544:
6495:
3050:
3001:
915:
828:: Charter House Bank in Kenya was placed under statutory management in 2006 by the
715:
627:
575:
401:
340:
176:
67:
6024:"Standard Bank PLC fined £7.6m for failures in its anti-money laundering controls"
698:
estimated that 2–5% of the worldwide global economy involved laundered money. The
4856:
944:, the makers of Fortnite, responded by urging customers to secure their accounts.
74:, and converting the funds into a seemingly legitimate source, usually through a
6731:
6689:
6684:
6649:
6616:
6499:
6358:
4911:
4165:
2854:
2560:
2392:
2371:
1720:
1300:
1171:
1085:
1050:
1034:
1020:
975:
879:
836:
787:
615:
554:
470:
381:
325:
250:
228:
200:
169:
116:
3374:"How a Chinese American Gangster Transformed Money Laundering for Drug Cartels"
39:
7184:
6699:
6654:
6611:
6410:
6353:
6054:"Standard Chartered to Pay $ 330 Million to Settle Iran Money Transfer Claims"
5561:"UAE warned US it could end intelligence cooperation over 9/11 victims claims"
4842:
4815:
3893:"Tax amnesties turn HMRC into 'biggest money-laundering operation in history'"
3707:
3627:
3625:
3378:
3040:
2308:
2098:
1552:
1279:
941:
671:
546:
361:
140:
100:
63:
5910:
5359:
5059:
5024:
4708:
4506:
4231:
3758:
Has the Art Market Become an Unwitting Partner in Crime? (19 February 2017).
3715:
3486:
3355:
3235:
152:
While existing laws were used to fight money laundering during the period of
17:
6621:
6549:
6509:
6490:
3022:
2791:
2707:
2182:
1993:
1930:
1867:
1165:
1159:
1068:
739:
473:: For example, those that legalize unreported assets and cash in tax havens.
438:
393:
271:
232:
165:
59:
5016:
3790:"UK warns of criminal sanctions evasion through artwork storage facilities"
758:, Contribution Laundering/Third-Party Transfers. Includes investigation of
6315:
5899:"Liberty Reserve Founder Indicted on $ 6 Billion Money-Laundering Charges"
5386:"Danske Bank pulls out of Russia, Baltics after money-laundering backlash"
5051:
4617:"Liberty Reserve founder indicted on $ 6 billion money-laundering charges"
3346:
3329:
6694:
6664:
6434:
5652:"FinCEN Files: UAE central bank failed to prevent Iran sanctions evasion"
4170:"As a trafficker pursued dreams of soccer glory, investigators closed in"
2896:
2749:
2728:
2644:
2539:
2497:
2287:
1909:
1657:
1636:
1531:
1468:
1447:
1321:
925:
893:
840:
815:
714:. Modern anti-money laundering laws have developed along with the modern
571:
461:
369:
71:
55:
5506:"Estonia investigates alleged Swedbank link to money laundering scandal"
4944:"Transaction laundering should be a top priority for regulators in 2018"
477:
front websites). Also known as "undisclosed aggregation" or "factoring".
7005:
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption of the Republic of Slovenia
6606:
6504:
3443:
3411:
3274:"BNP Paribas Admits Guilt and Agrees to Pay $ 8.9 Billion Fine to U.S."
3178:
2959:
2665:
2581:
2350:
2329:
2140:
1972:
1951:
1846:
1804:
1762:
1741:
1699:
1615:
1573:
1405:
1342:
1258:
1237:
1216:
997:
929:
901:
896:
operatives" when the terrorist group was planning the execution of the
866:
805:
647:
634:
567:
408:
5535:
Deutsche Bank faces action over $ 20bn Russian money-laundering scheme
5285:"Danske Bank, Estonia – a technical review of the latest leak of data"
4405:(Report). United States Department of the Treasury. 2022. p. 26.
4039:"Exclusive: Fake online stores reveal gamblers' shadow banking system"
6934:
3665:"Organized Crime Module 1 Key Issues: Similarities & Differences"
2938:
2833:
2686:
2602:
2518:
2476:
2413:
2266:
2245:
2119:
2077:
1888:
1825:
1783:
1489:
1384:
1363:
874:
870:
784:
laundered through accounts controlled by bank executives, late 1990s.
527:
489:
485:
389:
385:
6117:"FROM RESPECTED ATTORNEY TO SUSPECTED RACKETEER: A LAWYER'S JOURNEY"
5446:"Estonia shuts Danske Bank branch at heart of money laundering saga"
4534:"Investors Sue Treasury Department for Blacklisting Crypto Platform"
4495:"Investors Sue Treasury Department for Blacklisting Crypto Platform"
3064:
Anti-money laundering framework for financial institutions in France
6327:
UNODC on money-laundering and countering the financing of terrorism
5838:"Vatican Bank reported to be facing money-laundering investigation"
5714:"How children playing Fortnite are helping to fuel organised crime"
3816:"Global Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Threat Assessment"
3576:
Encyclopedia of white-collar & corporate crime: A – I, Volume 1
6894:
6554:
5476:"Swedbank May Have Handled More Than $ 4.3 Billion in Dirty Money"
4600:
2875:
2770:
2224:
2203:
2056:
2035:
1510:
1038:
969:
749:
595:
523:
128:
38:
5315:"Investigations into Danske Bank's Estonian branch | Danske Bank"
3407:"Italian drugs cartels conceal payments via Chinese shadow banks"
239:
system and required the reporting of all financial transactions.
6539:
6198:"Macau Tycoon Gets 4 Years in Prison for Bribing U.N. Diplomats"
5775:"Epic Games Responds to 'Fortnite' Money Laundering Accusations"
4681:
3949:"The Growing Threat of Transaction Laundering | Legal Solutions"
2434:
947:
224:
6383:
861:, involving secret Russian accounts that were transferred from
726:, and terrorist financing relating to where the money is going
606:
service which converted dollars into a digital currency called
3875:"Underground Economy Issues. Ontario Construction Secretariat"
3330:"Cryptocurrency Risks, Fraud Cases, and Financial Performance"
1079:
1071:, Singapore, Monaco, the Bahamas, the Vatican and Switzerland.
695:
542:
6379:
6374:
Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
5805:"HSBC to Pay Record Fine to Settle Money-Laundering Charges"
3179:"Russian oligarchs in UK told to explain luxury lifestyles"
628:
convert money into virtual goods, services, or virtual cash
441:
where minimal records are kept, and then shipped back as a
6930:
Special Investigation Service of the Republic of Lithuania
5937:"Secret Service busts $ 6 billion money laundering scheme"
5868:"U.S. accuses currency exchange of laundering $ 6 billion"
4009:"Transaction Laundering: Growing Fraud Risk for Merchants"
3760:"Has the Art Market Become an Unwitting Partner in Crime?"
3549:. United States Department of the Treasury. 30 June 2015.
3263:
3261:
857:
was accused in a vast money laundering scheme, dubbed the
633:
To avoid the usage of decentralized digital money such as
517:
maintainers tend to frustrate that intention. While some
5344:
Rubenfeld, Samuel; Chopping, Dominic (19 February 2019).
4100:"Transaction laundering and high-risk payment processors"
587:
requires mixers to register as money service businesses.
7127:
International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
5107:"FBI — Bank Guilty of Violating U.S. Economic Sanctions"
3472:"How Chinese networks clean dirty money on a vast scale"
123:. In the UK, it does not need to involve money, but any
6086:"AUSTRAC and Westpac agree to proposed $ 1.3bn penalty"
5415:
4135:"Cybercriminals launder money using in-game currencies"
3512:
3510:
3508:
227:, which was fined $ 1.9 billion in December 2012, and
6924:
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program
6883:
Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)
5626:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
3849:"Fraudulent invoices the new trend in business scams"
1037:: The Chinese billionaire real estate developer from
920:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
677:
The problem of such fraudulent encashment practices (
6865:
Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory
5192:
Bagnoli, Lorenzo; Bodrero, Lorenzo (16 April 2015).
4563:
Network, Financial Crimes Enforcement (9 May 2019).
882:, which laundered €200bn, also from Russian sources.
7145:
7105:
7066:
Citizen's Charter and Grievance Redressal Bill 2011
7056:
7047:
6840:
6794:
6785:
6740:
6642:
6483:
6474:
6453:
6417:
4802:Cassella, S.D. (2003). "Reverse money laundering".
488:, which accept funds from clients and hold them in
5559:
4974:"Online Payments-the Blind Spot in the AML Regime"
4278:Owen, Allison; Chase, Isabella (2 December 2021).
4133:
3730:
3518:
3470:
674:, engaged in reverse money laundering activities.
30:"Dirty money" redirects here. For other uses, see
6000:. Asset Recovery Knowledge Center. Archived from
5744:"Red Envelopes, Fortnite, Micro Money Laundering"
4709:"Bitcoin Island: cleaning up the crypto currency"
3596:National Drug Intelligence Center (August 2011).
5558:Malnick, Edward; Heighton, Luke (21 June 2017).
5194:"Charter House Bank: A Money Laundering Machine"
5133:"MAS directs BSI Bank to shut down in Singapore"
5075:"Bank of New York Settles Money Laundering Case"
4908:"Money Laundering - Financial Action Task Force"
912:, "the principal architect of the 9/11 attacks".
6359:International Narcotics Control Strategy Report
5683:"Criminals Are Using Fortnite to Launder Money"
5255:"Danske Handled $ 1T Plus In X-Border Payments"
700:Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
304:
249:have become the principal money launderers for
213:Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
160:legislation was only implemented in the 1980s.
134:As financial crime has become more complex and
7034:Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption
6901:Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption
6832:UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations
343:or less rigorous money laundering enforcement.
220:and enforcement has stepped up significantly.
6395:
4196:. Boston/Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 141 f.
3633:"National Money Laundering Threat Assessment"
3153:Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FINCEN)
790:, in June 2014, pleaded guilty to falsifying
630:that can later be converted back into money.
8:
7137:United Nations Convention against Corruption
7117:Inter-American Convention Against Corruption
4433:"Mixer Usage Reaches All-time Highs in 2022"
900:against the United States. In addition, the
270:Money obtained from certain crimes, such as
7175:Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity
7010:Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
6854:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
4341:Quiroz-Gutierrez, Marco (4 February 2022).
4282:(Report). Royal United Services Institute.
4127:
4125:
3638:. December 2005. p. 33. Archived from
1114:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
670:organization, and California State Senator
7053:
7022:National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
6918:Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
6791:
6480:
6402:
6388:
6380:
4280:NFTs: A New Frontier for Money Laundering?
1189:
843:: $ 30 billion – $ 230 billion US dollars
4769:International Federation of Accountants.
4599:
4532:Yaffe-Bellany, David (8 September 2022).
4493:Yaffe-Bellany, David (8 September 2022).
4257:. Boston/Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 88.
3345:
1134:Learn how and when to remove this message
768:Bank of Credit and Commerce International
541:Apart from traditional cryptocurrencies,
113:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
27:Process of concealing the origin of money
6952:Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
6338:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
6256:
6254:
5712:Cuthbertson, Anthony (13 January 2019).
4313:United States Department of the Treasury
1185:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
760:Gandhi Memorial International Foundation
600:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
6994:Sierra Leone Anti-corruption Commission
6859:Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)
5073:O'Brien, Timothy L. (9 November 2005).
3547:"History of Anti-Money Laundering Laws"
3149:"History of Anti-Money Laundering Laws"
3110:
3059:Anti-Money Laundering Act (Switzerland)
7082:Freedom of information laws by country
6999:Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau
6146:RASHBAUM, William K. (12 April 1996).
6127:from the original on 15 September 2017
5681:Evdokimova, Tamara (24 January 2019).
5632:from the original on 22 September 2020
6946:Anti-Corruption Commission of Myanmar
6888:Commission Against Corruption (Macau)
6817:International Anti-Corruption Academy
6368:(INCSR), annual report issued by the
6239:from the original on 14 November 2013
5978:from the original on 18 November 2011
5848:from the original on 10 February 2021
5836:Josephine McKenna (7 December 2009).
5516:from the original on 20 February 2019
5486:from the original on 20 February 2019
5456:from the original on 20 February 2019
5426:from the original on 20 February 2019
5396:from the original on 20 February 2019
5366:from the original on 20 February 2019
5295:from the original on 13 February 2019
5005:Journal of International Economic Law
4750:from the original on 25 February 2021
4657:from the original on 17 December 2017
4353:from the original on 15 December 2022
4220:International Criminal Justice Review
4069:"G2 Transaction Laundering Detection"
3210:"A brief history of money laundering"
3189:from the original on 14 December 2020
845:laundered through its Estonian branch
7:
7165:2012 Indian anti-corruption movement
7160:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
6941:Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
6871:National Anti-Corruption Observatory
6227:Dunlap, David W. (13 January 1991).
6096:from the original on 27 January 2021
6066:from the original on 15 January 2013
6034:from the original on 23 January 2019
5947:from the original on 23 January 2019
5878:from the original on 23 January 2019
5817:from the original on 15 January 2013
5785:from the original on 17 January 2019
5773:Shanley, Patrick (16 January 2019).
5724:from the original on 14 January 2019
5572:from the original on 11 January 2022
5346:"Danske Bank to Shut Estonia Branch"
5265:from the original on 23 January 2019
4984:from the original on 10 January 2019
4954:from the original on 10 January 2019
4689:from the original on 27 January 2018
4627:from the original on 26 October 2013
4462:Team, Chainalysis (23 August 2022).
4379:from the original on 6 December 2022
4286:from the original on 16 January 2022
4146:from the original on 24 October 2013
3855:from the original on 28 October 2021
3553:from the original on 8 December 2016
3079:Danske Bank money laundering scandal
1112:adding citations to reliable sources
849:Danske Bank money laundering scandal
808:, in May 2017, was shut down by the
7087:The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
6982:National Anticorruption Directorate
6976:Anti-Corruption General Directorate
4831:Journal of Money Laundering Control
4804:Journal of Money Laundering Control
4049:from the original on 9 January 2019
4019:from the original on 8 January 2019
3959:from the original on 8 January 2019
3696:Journal of Money Laundering Control
3675:from the original on 4 January 2023
3610:from the original on 6 October 2011
3372:; Berg, Kirsten (11 October 2022).
3123:The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
1027:. Jurado-Rodriguez specialized in "
954:Institute for the Works of Religion
936:may be used to purchase Fortnite's
352:such enterprises have little or no
6812:Group of States Against Corruption
6376:) on country money laundering risk
6175:. Gerald Duckworth & Company.
5693:from the original on 4 August 2023
5662:from the original on 24 March 2021
4575:from the original on 23 April 2023
4544:from the original on 23 April 2023
4513:from the original on 23 April 2023
4474:from the original on 23 April 2023
4464:"Crypto Mixers and AML Compliance"
4443:from the original on 23 April 2023
4431:Team, Chainalysis (14 July 2022).
4412:from the original on 13 April 2022
4322:from the original on 13 April 2022
3493:from the original on 23 April 2024
3236:"HSBC agrees $ 1.9bn US penalties"
1010:Jose Franklin Jurado-Rodriguez, a
578:in the laundering of funds by the
25:
6988:Investigative Committee of Russia
6372:in March every year (prepared by
6370:United States Department of State
5754:from the original on 1 April 2019
5602:from the original on 30 July 2019
5325:from the original on 11 July 2018
5204:from the original on 17 July 2018
5163:"[2014] EWHC 2788 (Comm)"
5143:from the original on 29 July 2016
5087:from the original on 18 June 2024
4719:from the original on 9 April 2021
4132:Solon, Olivia (21 October 2013).
4098:raytodd2017 (17 September 2018).
3989:from the original on 14 July 2020
3598:"National Drug Threat Assessment"
3451:from the original on 14 July 2023
3419:from the original on 14 July 2023
3386:from the original on 14 July 2023
3283:from the original on 30 June 2014
602:. A common approach was to use a
300:United States Treasury Department
253:in Mexico, Italy, and elsewhere.
247:Chinese organized criminal groups
7180:Russian anti-corruption campaign
7170:Anti-austerity movement in Spain
7077:Foreign Extortion Prevention Act
6314:
6208:from the original on 11 May 2020
6148:"HE ADMITS LAUNDERING DRUG CASH"
5917:from the original on 23 May 2018
5173:from the original on 9 July 2018
4887:from the original on 23 May 2018
4375:. Chainalysis. 2 February 2022.
3246:from the original on 7 July 2014
3208:Morris-Cotterill, Nigel (1999).
3159:from the original on 28 May 2024
3129:from the original on 15 May 2024
3043:
3015:
2994:
2973:
2952:
2931:
2910:
2889:
2868:
2847:
2826:
2805:
2784:
2763:
2742:
2721:
2700:
2679:
2658:
2637:
2616:
2595:
2574:
2553:
2532:
2511:
2490:
2469:
2448:
2427:
2406:
2385:
2364:
2343:
2322:
2301:
2280:
2259:
2238:
2217:
2196:
2175:
2154:
2133:
2112:
2091:
2070:
2049:
2028:
2007:
1986:
1965:
1944:
1923:
1902:
1881:
1860:
1839:
1818:
1797:
1776:
1755:
1734:
1713:
1692:
1671:
1650:
1629:
1608:
1587:
1566:
1545:
1524:
1503:
1482:
1461:
1440:
1419:
1398:
1377:
1356:
1335:
1314:
1293:
1272:
1251:
1230:
1209:
1084:
712:large scale criminal enterprises
480:Online job marketplaces such as
433:: Here, money is deposited in a
154:Prohibition in the United States
7016:Servicio de Vigilancia Aduanera
6877:National Supervisory Commission
6343:Financial Market Integrity Unit
5966:Hitt, Jack (10 December 2000).
5416:"Finantsinspektsioon | Avaleht"
3770:from the original on 6 May 2018
3405:Parodi, Emilio (6 April 2023).
1043:United Nations General Assembly
810:Monetary Authority of Singapore
6964:Investigation Task Force Sweep
6958:National Accountability Bureau
6430:Corruption in local government
6418:Corruption in different fields
3953:store.legal.thomsonreuters.com
928:: In 2018, Cybersecurity firm
549:by creating several different
435:controlled foreign corporation
1:
7072:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
6970:Central Anticorruption Bureau
5452:. Reuters. 19 February 2019.
4906:Financial Action Task Force.
3814:Financial Action Task Force.
1059:Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
7132:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
7122:International asset recovery
6906:Central Vigilance Commission
6461:Corruption Perceptions Index
6305:Resources in other libraries
6196:Chan, Sewell (11 May 2018).
918:: On 21 September 2020, The
156:during the 1930s, dedicated
32:Dirty Money (disambiguation)
7190:2017–2019 Romanian protests
6115:McGee, Jim (18 June 1995).
5897:Zetter, Kim (28 May 2013).
3119:"Money Laundering Offences"
3084:Financial Action Task Force
986:politically exposed persons
7266:
7195:2017–2018 Russian protests
6827:Transparency International
6802:Global Financial Integrity
5968:"The Billion Dollar Shack"
5253:PYMNTS (23 October 2018).
3733:Capitalism's Achilles Heel
2813:St. Vincent and Grenadines
934:stolen credit card details
658:
604:digital currency exchanger
505:
437:offshore, preferably in a
199:in 2001, which led to the
29:
7155:2011 Azerbaijani protests
6632:Offshore financial centre
6435:Interest group corruption
6300:Resources in your library
5548:. Retrieved 2 August 2019
5109:. Fbi.gov. Archived from
4843:10.1108/JMLC-10-2014-0039
4816:10.1108/13685200410809814
3708:10.1108/JMLC-01-2015-0002
3305:. AUSTRAC. Archived from
3270:Silver-Greenberg, Jessica
960:to several Italian banks.
443:foreign direct investment
7097:Whistleblower protection
6585:Cryptocurrency and crime
6348:13 November 2021 at the
4615:Zetter, Kim (May 2013).
4232:10.1177/1057567719827051
655:Reverse money laundering
508:Cryptocurrency and crime
502:Digital electronic money
6466:Economics of corruption
5592:"The Guantanamo Docket"
5568:. The Daily Telegraph.
5351:The Wall Street Journal
4862:13 October 2017 at the
4771:"Anti-Money Laundering"
3729:Baker, Raymond (2005).
906:Standard Chartered Bank
594:, a research fellow at
7092:UK Bribery Act of 2010
6848:Oficina Anticorrupción
6597:Noble cause corruption
6454:Measures of corruption
6364:15 August 2019 at the
5779:The Hollywood Reporter
3517:Reuter, Peter (2004).
3069:Azerbaijani laundromat
1427:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1025:Jose Santacruz Londono
910:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
763:
339:, that offers greater
309:
218:financial institutions
136:financial intelligence
44:
6822:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
6602:Professional courtesy
6565:Honest services fraud
6169:Kochan, Nick (2011).
6092:. 24 September 2020.
5658:. 20 September 2020.
5628:. 21 September 2020.
5052:10.1353/jod.2018.0001
4950:. 27 September 2017.
3794:National Crime Agency
3347:10.3390/risks11030051
3303:"AUSTRAC at a glance"
2624:Saint Kitts and Nevis
830:Central Bank of Kenya
753:
563:cryptocurrency mixers
414:National Crime Agency
186:money laundering laws
158:Anti-Money Laundering
42:
7250:Funding of terrorism
7230:Financial regulation
6786:Institutions dealing
6520:Conflict of interest
6445:Political corruption
6323:at Wikimedia Commons
5813:. 11 December 2012.
5540:18 June 2024 at the
5512:. 20 February 2019.
5482:. 20 February 2019.
5392:. 19 February 2019.
5040:Journal of Democracy
5017:10.1093/jiel/jgaa011
4315:. 2022. p. 27.
3881:on 16 December 2010.
3851:. Financial Review.
3572:Lawrence M. Salinger
3242:. 11 December 2012.
2981:United Arab Emirates
1108:improve this section
1055:oil-for-food program
898:11 September attacks
886:United Arab Emirates
756:United States Senate
754:1998 investigation,
197:11 September attacks
6627:Offshore investment
6336:: profile from the
6332:20 May 2011 at the
6172:The Washing Machine
6152:New York Daily News
6121:The Washington Post
6062:. 6 December 2012.
6030:. 23 January 2014.
5750:. 8 February 2019.
5291:. 15 October 2018.
4653:. 22 October 2017.
3899:on 28 November 2011
3521:Chasing Dirty Money
3216:on 24 February 2016
3185:. 3 February 2018.
3094:Operation Greenback
2918:Trinidad and Tobago
1016:Columbia University
720:terrorist financing
543:Non-Fungible Tokens
267:appear legitimate.
209:Group of Seven (G7)
205:terrorism financing
131:, and even states.
7028:Warioba Commission
6966:(Papua New Guinea)
6710:Regulatory capture
6515:Commercial bribery
6233:The New York Times
6202:The New York Times
6059:The New York Times
5972:The New York Times
5810:The New York Times
5596:The New York Times
5234:on 23 January 2019
5080:The New York Times
4738:Bharathan, Vipin.
4538:The New York Times
4499:The New York Times
3983:www.thepaypers.com
3764:The New York Times
3645:on 17 October 2010
3370:Rotella, Sebastian
3277:The New York Times
1679:Dominican Republic
992:Standard Chartered
890:Dubai Islamic Bank
826:Charter House Bank
798:, having violated
764:
626:it is possible to
456:gambling winnings.
358:parking structures
175:In the 1980s, the
76:front organization
45:
7225:Commercial crimes
7207:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7043:
7042:
6781:
6780:
6758:Election security
6705:Political scandal
6440:Police corruption
6319:Media related to
6286:Library resources
5943:. 25 March 2015.
4978:Finextra Research
4715:. 23 April 2015.
4685:. 3 August 2017.
4264:978-3-11-071688-7
4203:978-3-11-071688-7
4110:on 9 January 2019
4079:on 8 January 2019
4015:. 26 April 2018.
3532:978-0-88132-370-2
3481:. 22 April 2024.
3309:on 28 August 2016
3034:
3033:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1047:John William Ashe
859:Global Laundromat
732:persona non grata
622:World of Warcraft
328:: Often known as
298:According to the
284:human trafficking
211:nations used the
16:(Redirected from
7257:
7220:Money laundering
7054:
6792:
6773:Vote suppression
6660:Crony capitalism
6590:Hawala and crime
6580:Money laundering
6560:Graft (politics)
6540:Confidence trick
6481:
6475:Forms or aspects
6404:
6397:
6390:
6381:
6321:Money laundering
6318:
6291:Money laundering
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6258:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6158:on 3 April 2019.
6154:. Archived from
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
5994:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5894:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5563:
5555:
5549:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5289:GrahamBarrow.com
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5230:. Archived from
5220:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4980:. 17 July 2017.
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4940:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4910:. Archived from
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4873:
4867:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4783:on 28 March 2014
4782:
4776:. Archived from
4775:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4404:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4310:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4168:(18 July 2024).
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4137:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4106:. Archived from
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4075:. Archived from
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4045:. 22 June 2017.
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3925:. Archived from
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3895:. Archived from
3889:
3883:
3882:
3877:. Archived from
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3821:. Archived from
3820:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3587:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3524:
3514:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3474:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3272:(30 June 2014).
3265:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3212:. Archived from
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3115:
3074:Bank Secrecy Act
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3020:
3019:
3018:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1198:laundering cases
1190:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1088:
1080:
1065:Ferdinand Marcos
938:in-game currency
932:discovered that
820:Mukhtar Ablyazov
792:business records
774:Bank of New York
661:Hawala and crime
592:Jean-Loup Richet
519:cryptocurrencies
514:electronic money
288:illegal gambling
280:drug trafficking
190:burdens of proof
121:false accounting
52:drug trafficking
48:Money laundering
21:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7245:Organized crime
7210:
7209:
7208:
7199:
7147:
7141:
7109:
7107:
7101:
7058:
7049:Anti-corruption
7039:
6836:
6788:with corruption
6787:
6777:
6753:Electoral fraud
6748:Ballot stuffing
6736:
6638:
6476:
6470:
6449:
6425:Corporate crime
6413:
6408:
6366:Wayback Machine
6350:Wayback Machine
6334:Wayback Machine
6311:
6310:
6309:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6282:
6277:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6211:
6209:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6130:
6128:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6099:
6097:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6037:
6035:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6007:
6005:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5981:
5979:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5950:
5948:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5881:
5879:
5874:. 29 May 2013.
5866:
5865:
5861:
5851:
5849:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5820:
5818:
5803:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5757:
5755:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5727:
5725:
5718:The Independent
5711:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5665:
5663:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5635:
5633:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5598:. 18 May 2021.
5590:
5589:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5542:Wayback Machine
5533:
5529:
5519:
5517:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5489:
5487:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5422:(in Estonian).
5414:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5268:
5266:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5207:
5205:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5113:on 15 July 2014
5105:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5088:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4948:Financial Times
4942:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4890:
4888:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4864:Wayback Machine
4854:
4850:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4722:
4720:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4354:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4289:
4287:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4175:Washington Post
4164:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4073:G2 Web Services
4067:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3929:on 1 April 2019
3917:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3828:on 26 July 2011
3825:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3745:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3516:
3515:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3447:. 30 May 2023.
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3192:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3089:Gold laundering
3049:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3016:
3014:
2995:
2993:
2974:
2972:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2930:
2911:
2909:
2890:
2888:
2869:
2867:
2848:
2846:
2827:
2825:
2806:
2804:
2785:
2783:
2764:
2762:
2743:
2741:
2722:
2720:
2701:
2699:
2680:
2678:
2659:
2657:
2638:
2636:
2617:
2615:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2573:
2554:
2552:
2533:
2531:
2512:
2510:
2491:
2489:
2470:
2468:
2449:
2447:
2428:
2426:
2407:
2405:
2386:
2384:
2365:
2363:
2344:
2342:
2323:
2321:
2302:
2300:
2281:
2279:
2260:
2258:
2239:
2237:
2218:
2216:
2197:
2195:
2176:
2174:
2155:
2153:
2134:
2132:
2113:
2111:
2092:
2090:
2071:
2069:
2050:
2048:
2029:
2027:
2008:
2006:
1987:
1985:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1943:
1924:
1922:
1903:
1901:
1882:
1880:
1861:
1859:
1840:
1838:
1819:
1817:
1798:
1796:
1777:
1775:
1756:
1754:
1735:
1733:
1714:
1712:
1693:
1691:
1672:
1670:
1651:
1649:
1630:
1628:
1609:
1607:
1588:
1586:
1567:
1565:
1546:
1544:
1525:
1523:
1504:
1502:
1483:
1481:
1462:
1460:
1441:
1439:
1420:
1418:
1399:
1397:
1378:
1376:
1357:
1355:
1336:
1334:
1315:
1313:
1294:
1292:
1273:
1271:
1252:
1250:
1231:
1229:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1181:
1140:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1105:
1089:
1078:
1076:Laws by country
1012:Harvard College
1007:
964:Liberty Reserve
748:
692:
663:
657:
608:Liberty Reserve
536:ring signatures
510:
504:
420:Shell companies
349:corporate crime
319:
317:List of methods
314:
276:insider trading
264:
259:
162:Organized crime
150:
109:organized crime
86:organized crime
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7263:
7261:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7212:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7111:
7103:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7062:
7060:
7051:
7045:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7007:
7002:
6996:
6991:
6985:
6979:
6973:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6943:
6938:
6932:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6851:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6807:Global Witness
6804:
6798:
6796:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6763:Gerrymandering
6760:
6755:
6750:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6680:Ghost soldiers
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6530:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6356:
6340:
6324:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:External links
6278:
6275:
6274:
6250:
6219:
6188:
6181:
6161:
6138:
6107:
6077:
6045:
6015:
5989:
5958:
5928:
5889:
5859:
5828:
5796:
5765:
5735:
5704:
5673:
5643:
5613:
5583:
5550:
5527:
5497:
5467:
5437:
5407:
5377:
5336:
5319:danskebank.com
5306:
5276:
5245:
5215:
5184:
5154:
5137:www.mas.gov.sg
5124:
5098:
5065:
5030:
5011:(2): 509–533.
4995:
4965:
4935:
4925:
4914:on 23 May 2018
4898:
4868:
4848:
4837:(2): 202–221.
4821:
4794:
4761:
4730:
4700:
4668:
4638:
4607:
4586:
4555:
4524:
4485:
4454:
4423:
4390:
4364:
4333:
4297:
4270:
4263:
4245:
4209:
4202:
4184:
4157:
4121:
4090:
4060:
4030:
4000:
3970:
3940:
3910:
3884:
3866:
3839:
3806:
3781:
3750:
3743:
3721:
3702:(4): 513–524.
3686:
3656:
3621:
3603:. p. 40.
3588:
3564:
3538:
3531:
3504:
3462:
3430:
3397:
3361:
3320:
3294:
3268:Protess, Ben;
3257:
3227:
3200:
3170:
3140:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3099:Sven Stumbauer
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1595:Czech Republic
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1196:Reported money
1194:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1148:United Kingdom
1142:
1141:
1092:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1032:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1001:
995:
989:
979:
973:
967:
961:
951:
945:
923:
913:
883:
863:European Union
852:
834:
823:
813:
803:
800:U.S. sanctions
785:
782:capital flight
771:
747:
744:
691:
688:
684:shadow economy
668:Chee Kung Tong
656:
653:
561:Additionally,
503:
500:
499:
498:
494:
482:Freelancer.com
478:
474:
468:
465:
457:
453:
450:
446:
431:Round-tripping
428:
417:
405:
398:movie theaters
366:tanning salons
354:variable costs
344:
333:
318:
315:
313:
310:
263:
260:
258:
255:
149:
146:
143:
97:United Kingdom
54:, underground
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7262:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7106:International
7104:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7012:(South Korea)
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:International
6793:
6790:
6784:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6727:State capture
6725:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6670:Elite capture
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6477:of corruption
6473:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6405:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6312:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6279:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6223:
6220:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6192:
6189:
6184:
6182:9780715642030
6178:
6174:
6173:
6165:
6162:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6142:
6139:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6111:
6108:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6078:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6004:on 2 May 2013
6003:
5999:
5998:"Sani Abacha"
5993:
5990:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5962:
5959:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5893:
5890:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5829:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5797:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5769:
5766:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5705:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5674:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5614:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5571:
5567:
5566:The Telegraph
5562:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5531:
5528:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5485:
5481:
5480:Bloomberg.com
5477:
5471:
5468:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5378:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5340:
5337:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5246:
5233:
5229:
5228:www.acfcs.org
5225:
5219:
5216:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5185:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5069:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5034:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4996:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4936:
4929:
4926:
4913:
4909:
4902:
4899:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4795:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4762:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4731:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4608:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4587:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4556:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4525:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4486:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4455:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4391:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4334:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4094:
4091:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3928:
3924:
3923:www.acfcs.org
3920:
3914:
3911:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3854:
3850:
3847:Burton, Tom.
3843:
3840:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3751:
3746:
3744:9780471644880
3740:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3674:
3670:
3669:www.unodc.org
3666:
3660:
3657:
3641:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:0-7619-3004-3
3581:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3478:The Economist
3473:
3466:
3463:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3401:
3398:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3041:
3036:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2404:
2403:
2399:
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2394:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Liechtenstein
2152:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:United States
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1127:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:This section
1091:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:Standard Bank
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
924:
921:
917:
914:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
884:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:Deutsche Bank
853:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
824:
821:
817:
814:
811:
807:
804:
801:
797:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
776:: US$ 7
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
761:
757:
752:
746:Notable cases
745:
743:
741:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
703:
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
680:
675:
673:
669:
662:
654:
652:
649:
645:
641:
636:
631:
629:
625:
623:
618:
617:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
581:
580:Lazarus Group
577:
573:
569:
564:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
532:privacy coins
529:
525:
520:
515:
509:
501:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
471:Tax amnesties
469:
466:
463:
458:
454:
451:
447:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
426:
421:
418:
415:
410:
406:
403:
402:beach resorts
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
345:
342:
338:
337:offshore bank
334:
331:
327:
324:
323:
322:
316:
311:
308:
303:
301:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
261:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
147:
145:
142:
139:
137:
132:
130:
126:
125:economic good
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
102:
98:
94:
93:United States
89:
87:
82:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Money laundry
6937:(Madagascar)
6861:(Bangladesh)
6768:Vote pairing
6720:Rent-setting
6715:Rent-seeking
6675:Failed state
6579:
6575:Match fixing
6545:Embezzlement
6524:Corporation
6496:Black market
6290:
6265:. Retrieved
6241:. Retrieved
6232:
6222:
6210:. Retrieved
6201:
6191:
6171:
6164:
6156:the original
6151:
6141:
6131:11 September
6129:. Retrieved
6120:
6110:
6098:. Retrieved
6089:
6080:
6068:. Retrieved
6057:
6048:
6036:. Retrieved
6027:
6018:
6006:. Retrieved
6002:the original
5992:
5980:. Retrieved
5971:
5961:
5949:. Retrieved
5940:
5931:
5919:. Retrieved
5902:
5892:
5880:. Retrieved
5871:
5862:
5850:. Retrieved
5841:
5831:
5819:. Retrieved
5808:
5799:
5787:. Retrieved
5778:
5768:
5756:. Retrieved
5747:
5738:
5726:. Retrieved
5717:
5707:
5695:. Retrieved
5686:
5676:
5666:21 September
5664:. Retrieved
5655:
5646:
5636:21 September
5634:. Retrieved
5625:
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5595:
5586:
5574:. Retrieved
5565:
5553:
5546:The Guardian
5545:
5530:
5518:. Retrieved
5509:
5500:
5488:. Retrieved
5479:
5470:
5458:. Retrieved
5449:
5440:
5428:. Retrieved
5419:
5410:
5398:. Retrieved
5389:
5380:
5368:. Retrieved
5349:
5339:
5327:. Retrieved
5318:
5309:
5297:. Retrieved
5288:
5279:
5267:. Retrieved
5258:
5248:
5236:. Retrieved
5232:the original
5227:
5218:
5206:. Retrieved
5197:
5187:
5175:. Retrieved
5166:
5157:
5145:. Retrieved
5136:
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5111:the original
5101:
5089:. Retrieved
5078:
5068:
5046:(1): 20–24.
5043:
5039:
5033:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4986:. Retrieved
4977:
4968:
4956:. Retrieved
4947:
4938:
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4912:the original
4901:
4889:. Retrieved
4880:
4871:
4851:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4810:(1): 92–94.
4807:
4803:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4778:the original
4764:
4752:. Retrieved
4743:
4733:
4721:. Retrieved
4712:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4680:
4671:
4659:. Retrieved
4650:
4641:
4629:. Retrieved
4620:
4610:
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4568:
4558:
4546:. Retrieved
4537:
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4498:
4488:
4476:. Retrieved
4467:
4457:
4445:. Retrieved
4436:
4426:
4414:. Retrieved
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4367:
4355:. Retrieved
4346:
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4300:
4288:. Retrieved
4273:
4254:
4248:
4223:
4219:
4212:
4193:
4187:
4179:
4173:
4166:Sieff, Kevin
4160:
4148:. Retrieved
4139:
4112:. Retrieved
4108:the original
4104:raytodd.blog
4103:
4093:
4081:. Retrieved
4077:the original
4072:
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4042:
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4013:ThreatMetrix
4012:
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3982:
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3952:
3943:
3931:. Retrieved
3927:the original
3922:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3897:the original
3887:
3879:the original
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3823:the original
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3763:
3753:
3732:
3724:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3677:. Retrieved
3668:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3640:the original
3614:20 September
3612:. Retrieved
3591:
3575:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3541:
3525:. Peterson.
3520:
3495:. Retrieved
3476:
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3442:
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3410:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3377:
3364:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3307:the original
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3276:
3248:. Retrieved
3239:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:the original
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3182:
3173:
3161:. Retrieved
3152:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3122:
3113:
3051:Money portal
3002:Vatican City
1182:
1130:
1121:
1106:Please help
1094:
916:FinCEN Files
736:
731:
727:
723:
716:War on Drugs
704:
693:
678:
676:
664:
632:
620:
614:
612:
589:
576:Tornado Cash
560:
547:Wash Trading
540:
531:
511:
424:
390:barber shops
341:bank secrecy
329:
320:
305:
297:
293:
269:
265:
251:drug cartels
245:
241:
222:
194:
177:war on drugs
174:
151:
133:
106:
90:
83:
80:
68:embezzlement
47:
46:
36:
7235:Tax evasion
7110:and efforts
7108:instruments
7059:enforcement
7001:(Singapore)
6914:(Indonesia)
6850:(Argentina)
6732:State crime
6690:Mafia state
6685:Kleptocracy
6650:Clientelism
6617:Tax evasion
6500:Grey market
6100:31 December
5520:20 February
5490:20 February
5460:20 February
5430:20 February
5400:20 February
5370:20 February
5299:12 February
4754:17 February
4723:17 February
4693:18 December
4661:18 December
4468:Chainalysis
4437:Chainalysis
3679:18 December
3578:, page 78,
3220:17 February
3193:17 February
2855:Switzerland
2561:Puerto Rico
2393:New Zealand
2372:Netherlands
1721:El Salvador
1200:per 100,000
1172:Switzerland
1051:Yiping Zhou
1035:Ng Lap Seng
1021:Cali Cartel
1005:Individuals
976:Sani Abacha
880:Danske Bank
837:Danske Bank
788:BNP Paribas
780:of Russian
616:Second Life
555:Chainalysis
530:― known as
512:In theory,
497:merchandise
382:restaurants
362:strip clubs
326:Structuring
235:set up the
229:BNP Paribas
201:Patriot Act
181:drug crimes
170:tax evasion
117:tax evasion
7214:Categories
7185:Yo Soy 132
7030:(Tanzania)
6960:(Pakistan)
6873:(Cameroon)
6700:Plutocracy
6655:Coronelism
6612:Slush fund
6411:Corruption
6354:World Bank
6070:24 January
6038:23 January
5951:23 January
5921:23 January
5882:23 January
5821:24 January
5789:21 January
5758:8 February
5748:PYMNTS.com
5728:21 January
5329:8 February
5269:23 January
5259:PYMNTS.com
5238:23 January
5147:23 January
4988:10 January
4958:10 January
4918:26 October
4631:20 October
4569:fincen.gov
4416:12 January
4383:12 January
4357:12 January
4326:12 January
4311:(Report).
4290:12 January
4226:(3): 334.
4150:22 October
3859:28 October
3379:ProPublica
3105:References
2309:Montenegro
2099:Kyrgyzstan
1553:Costa Rica
1280:Azerbaijan
1179:Statistics
942:Epic Games
904:branch of
833:uncovered.
796:conspiracy
738:can erode
679:obnalichka
672:Leland Yee
659:See also:
506:See also:
394:DVD stores
370:car washes
262:Definition
141:ipso facto
101:common law
64:corruption
7240:Cover-ups
7148:movements
7068:(pending)
7036:(Vietnam)
7024:(Ukraine)
6984:(Romania)
6978:(Romania)
6954:(Nigeria)
6948:(Myanmar)
6926:(Liberia)
6897:(Croatia)
6867:(Burundi)
6741:Elections
6622:Tax haven
6550:Extortion
6510:Collusion
6491:Baksheesh
6267:17 August
5911:1059-1028
5842:The Times
5420:www.fi.ee
5360:0099-9660
5208:2 October
5198:CORRECTIV
5060:1086-3214
5025:1369-3034
4601:1310.2368
4507:0362-4331
4240:150755683
4114:8 January
4083:8 January
4053:8 January
4023:8 January
3993:9 January
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2708:Singapore
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1994:Indonesia
1931:Hong Kong
1868:Guatemala
1166:Singapore
1160:Australia
1124:June 2024
1095:does not
1069:Hong Kong
865:banks in
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690:Magnitude
590:In 2013,
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439:tax haven
272:extortion
233:Australia
166:Al Capone
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7057:Laws and
6990:(Russia)
6972:(Poland)
6920:(Latvia)
6879:(China)
6841:National
6695:Nepotism
6665:Cronyism
6570:Kickback
6362:Archived
6346:Archived
6330:Archived
6237:Archived
6206:Archived
6125:Archived
6094:Archived
6064:Archived
6032:Archived
5976:Archived
5945:Archived
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5846:Archived
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5697:4 August
5691:Archived
5660:Archived
5656:BBC News
5630:Archived
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5570:Archived
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4885:Archived
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4787:27 March
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4713:BBC News
4687:Archived
4655:Archived
4651:ABC News
4625:Archived
4579:22 April
4573:Archived
4548:22 April
4542:Archived
4517:23 April
4511:Archived
4478:23 April
4472:Archived
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3605:Archived
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3497:23 April
3491:Archived
3449:Archived
3417:Archived
3384:Archived
3281:Archived
3244:Archived
3240:BBC News
3187:Archived
3183:BBC News
3157:Archived
3127:Archived
3037:See also
2897:Thailand
2750:Slovenia
2729:Slovakia
2645:Scotland
2540:Portugal
2498:Paraguay
2288:Mongolia
1910:Honduras
1658:Dominica
1637:Djibouti
1532:Colombia
1469:Bulgaria
1448:Botswana
1322:Barbados
1029:smurfing
1023:kingpin
926:Fortnite
894:al-Qaeda
841:Swedbank
816:BTA Bank
806:BSI Bank
707:billions
572:Ethereum
462:vigorish
409:invoices
330:smurfing
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7018:(Spain)
6908:(India)
6607:Scandal
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6484:General
6352:of the
6243:12 June
6090:AUSTRAC
6008:3 March
5982:3 March
5872:Reuters
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5606:25 July
5576:21 June
5510:Reuters
5390:Reuters
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5117:14 July
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3832:3 March
3799:14 July
3649:3 March
3586:, 2005.
3557:30 June
3455:14 July
3444:Reuters
3423:14 July
3412:Reuters
3390:13 July
2960:Ukraine
2666:Senegal
2582:Romania
2351:Myanmar
2330:Morocco
2141:Lebanon
2015:Ireland
1973:Iceland
1952:Hungary
1847:Grenada
1805:Germany
1763:Finland
1742:Estonia
1700:Ecuador
1616:Denmark
1574:Croatia
1406:Bolivia
1343:Belgium
1301:Bahamas
1259:Austria
1238:Armenia
1217:Albania
1193:Country
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1101:sources
998:Westpac
988:(PEPs).
930:Sixgill
902:Sharjah
867:Estonia
778:billion
648:Bitcoin
635:Bitcoin
568:Bitcoin
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386:casinos
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4781:(PDF)
4774:(PDF)
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3608:(PDF)
3601:(PDF)
3334:Risks
3030:2018
3009:2022
2988:2022
2967:2020
2946:2014
2925:2020
2904:2022
2883:2018
2876:Syria
2862:2022
2841:2022
2838:141.8
2820:2022
2799:2018
2778:2022
2771:Spain
2757:2022
2736:2022
2715:2022
2694:2022
2673:2016
2652:2018
2631:2022
2610:2020
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2568:2017
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2463:2022
2442:2022
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2358:2022
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2253:2022
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2204:Macau
2190:2022
2169:2022
2166:178.0
2148:2015
2127:2022
2106:2017
2085:2020
2064:2022
2057:Japan
2043:2022
2036:Italy
2022:2022
2001:2016
1980:2022
1959:2022
1938:2022
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1875:2020
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1791:2022
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1644:2018
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1620:100.4
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1392:2020
1371:2020
1350:2020
1329:2022
1308:2022
1287:2020
1266:2022
1245:2018
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6269:2024
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