572:. The circles were codified into law with the Chittagong Hill Tract Regulations, 1900, eased revenue collection and administrative burdens on British authorities by delegating tax collection, land administration management and social arbitration responsibilities to the chieftains. In 1901, the Mong Circle extended 653 square miles (1,690 km). This administrative structure remained in place until 1964, when the introduction of local self-government abolished the special status of these circles and brought local administration under the control of the central government.
37:
552:
The Mong Circle dates to 1782 with the first chieftain, Mrachai. During
British rule, the British authorities designated the Mong Circle in 1871, to encompass an ethnically mixed population in the
966:
1460:
451:
1551:
742:
935:
1546:
1556:
1541:
623:
444:
1386:
437:
1571:
1531:
854:
State of
Justice in Chittagong Hill Tracts: Exploring the Formal and Informal Justice Institutions of Indigenous Communities
1561:
928:
524:
The Mong Circle is led by a hereditary chieftain called a "raja." The Mong chieftains appoint and oversee headmen called
1536:
1382:
135:
750:
1485:
1144:
1084:
231:
20:
1465:
1450:
1510:
1455:
1392:
1356:
921:
418:
158:
541:
1348:
1303:
1566:
477:
667:
1495:
1372:
1333:
1287:
1223:
1041:
485:
383:
363:
343:
211:
1475:
1313:
1282:
961:
283:
206:
69:
1445:
1425:
1366:
1323:
1293:
1266:
1251:
1185:
1168:
556:. In 1881, the Chittagong Hill Tracts were administratively divided into three circles, namely the
278:
236:
226:
153:
120:
103:
56:
28:
533:
1480:
1470:
1338:
1126:
900:
810:
780:
497:
423:
79:
496:. Most inhabitants of the Mong Circle settled in the northwest during a migration wave from the
1415:
1410:
1328:
1271:
1246:
1072:
1053:
956:
851:
Kundu, Debasish; Samadder, Mrinmoy; Khan, Ashrafuzzaman; Shajahan Naomi, Sharin (2011-01-04).
619:
265:
257:
221:
196:
183:
84:
64:
1505:
1256:
1132:
1064:
1035:
1023:
469:
179:
1238:
1174:
1138:
1102:
1029:
508:) between the 16th and 18th centuries, while inhabitants of the other Marma chiefdom, the
261:
216:
107:
36:
1435:
1228:
1218:
1203:
1162:
1150:
894:
829:
586:
561:
509:
358:
191:
125:
52:
1525:
1440:
1430:
1361:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1096:
1090:
1078:
982:
852:
771:
Barua, B.P. (1971). "Extension of
British Administration to Chittagong Hill Tracts".
591:
565:
557:
398:
353:
323:
201:
130:
74:
801:
Zaman, M. Q. (1982). "Crisis in
Chittagong Hill Tracts: Ethnicity and Integration".
1500:
1490:
1420:
1343:
1261:
1233:
1000:
994:
581:
569:
501:
489:
408:
388:
378:
373:
348:
338:
308:
249:
171:
868:
717:
692:
642:
1213:
1047:
988:
328:
296:
273:
1318:
553:
481:
333:
148:
115:
1308:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1006:
540:
house; he formally ascended the throne on 17 January 2009. His predecessor,
537:
413:
368:
303:
564:, and the Mong Circles, each presided over by a hereditary chief from the
313:
784:
1156:
814:
505:
393:
318:
913:
403:
917:
616:
Nationalism and Intra-State
Conflicts in the Postcolonial World
476:) is one of three hereditary chiefdoms (or "circles") in the
484:. The jurisdiction of the Mong Circle encompasses parts of
544:, died in a roadside car accident on 22 October 2008.
967:
1461:
Bangladesh
University of Engineering and Technology
1401:
1184:
1063:
1016:
975:
949:
869:"Bandarban wears festive look as Rajpunyah starts"
929:
445:
8:
1378:Bodra Zamindari (Ashok Kumar Roy Chowdhury)
936:
922:
914:
773:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
452:
438:
15:
962:Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 and 1888
899:. Bengal Secretariat Book Depot. p.
857:. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC.
896:An Account of the Chittagong Hill Tracts
831:An Account of the Chittagong Hill Tracts
668:"Raja Saching Prue Chowdhury and Family"
227:Queen Bhabai Estate of Rajshahi (Natore)
893:Hutchinson, Robert Henry Sneyd (1906).
828:Hutchinson, Robert Henry Sneyd (1906).
603:
27:
512:settled in the south and are known as
1552:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples
846:
844:
7:
796:
794:
637:
635:
609:
607:
693:"Mong Raja Prue dies in road crash"
614:I, Fonkem Achankeng (2015-09-28).
14:
1003:(12th century CE–13th century CE)
834:. Bengal Secretariat Book Depot.
1387:Raja Shyama Sankar Roy Choudhury
991:(8th century CE–12th century CE)
488:. The chiefdom's members are of
35:
1547:Quasi-princely estates of India
1257:Nawabs of Homnabad-Pashchimgaon
747:Rangamati Hill District Council
1557:History of Chittagong Division
1:
1542:Subdivisions of British India
803:Economic and Political Weekly
718:"Mong Raja Prue Chy cremated"
532:. The incumbent chieftain is
1383:Parbati Sankar Roy Choudhury
643:"Saching Prue new Mong King"
1243:Gayen Estate of Dhanyakuria
1588:
1085:Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan
528:and village chiefs called
1451:Varendra Research Society
473:
1511:Muktagacha Zamindar Bari
1456:Varendra Research Museum
985:(4th century CE–626 CE)
743:"History & Culture"
1042:Company rule in Bengal
542:Paihala Prue Chowdhury
478:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1572:Bangladeshi Buddhists
1532:Khagrachhari District
1496:Puthia Temple Complex
1373:Surajit Chandra Sinha
1353:Ratanpur Nawab Estate
1334:Chowdhuries of Natore
1288:Nawabs of Murshidabad
976:Early Medieval Period
486:Khagrachhari District
136:Homnabad-Pashchimgaon
1562:Bangladeshi families
1476:Rahmat Iqbal College
1362:Rajas of Shobhabazar
1357:Zamindars of Sandwip
1349:Rajas of Ramgopalpur
1283:Zamindars of Mahipur
1239:Chowdhuries of Dulai
1214:Rajas of Chandradwip
1017:Late Medieval Period
1537:Dynasties of Bengal
1491:Moyez Manzil Palace
1446:University of Dacca
1426:Israt Manzil Palace
1381:Teota Estate (See:
1367:Singranatore family
1294:Majumdars of Sylhet
1229:Rajas of Dighapatia
1186:Zamindars of Bengal
1169:Mubarak Ali Khan II
1024:Sultanate of Bengal
618:. Lexington Books.
256:Present Divisions:
178:Present Divisions:
102:Present Divisions:
51:Present Divisions:
29:Zamindars of Bengal
1486:Ghughudanga Palace
1481:Rose Garden Palace
1471:Gole Afroz College
1393:Rajas of Uttarpara
1371:Susanga Raj (See:
1224:Nawabs of Dhanbari
1127:Najmuddin Ali Khan
1121:Mir Jafar Ali Khan
1109:Mir Jafar Ali Khan
498:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1519:
1518:
1416:Uttara Ganabhaban
1411:Hazarduari Palace
1344:Rajas of Rajshahi
1314:Nawabs of Padamdi
1272:Pannis of Karatia
1234:Rajas of Dinajpur
1073:Murshid Quli Khan
1054:Cooch Behar State
957:History of Bengal
625:978-1-4985-0026-5
536:(b. 1988) of the
492:and are known as
462:
461:
1579:
1506:Alexander Castle
1324:Nawabs of Longla
1247:Khans of Gunahar
1145:Mubarak Ali Khan
1133:Najabat Ali Khan
1065:Nawabs of Bengal
1036:Nawabs of Bengal
938:
931:
924:
915:
908:
907:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
865:
859:
858:
848:
839:
838:
825:
819:
818:
798:
789:
788:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
749:. Archived from
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
714:
708:
707:
705:
704:
689:
683:
682:
680:
679:
664:
658:
657:
655:
654:
639:
630:
629:
611:
475:
454:
447:
440:
268:
207:Mahipur, Rangpur
186:
110:
59:
39:
16:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1403:
1402:Establishments
1397:
1339:Rajas of Natore
1329:Rajas of Puthia
1219:Nawabs of Dhaka
1180:
1175:Mansur Ali Khan
1139:Ashraf Ali Khan
1103:Siraj ud-Daulah
1059:
1030:Mughal emperors
1012:
971:
945:
944:Bengal Nobility
942:
912:
911:
892:
891:
887:
878:
876:
867:
866:
862:
850:
849:
842:
836:bohmong circle.
827:
826:
822:
800:
799:
792:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
741:
740:
736:
727:
725:
716:
715:
711:
702:
700:
691:
690:
686:
677:
675:
666:
665:
661:
652:
650:
641:
640:
633:
626:
613:
612:
605:
600:
578:
550:
522:
458:
429:
428:
299:
289:
288:
270:
255:
252:
250:Southern Bengal
242:
241:
202:Tajhat, Rangpur
188:
177:
174:
172:Northern Bengal
164:
163:
112:
101:
98:
90:
89:
61:
50:
47:
12:
11:
5:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1379:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Muktagacha Raj
1301:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1276:Kirtipasha Raj
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Haturia Estate
1249:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Bohmong Circle
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1163:Ahmad Ali Khan
1160:
1154:
1151:Baber Ali Khan
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
947:
946:
943:
941:
940:
933:
926:
918:
910:
909:
885:
873:The Daily Star
860:
840:
820:
790:
763:
734:
722:The Daily Star
709:
697:The Daily Star
684:
659:
647:The Daily Star
631:
624:
602:
601:
599:
596:
595:
594:
589:
587:Bohmong Circle
584:
577:
574:
562:Bohmong Circle
549:
546:
521:
518:
510:Bohmong Circle
480:of modern-day
460:
459:
457:
456:
449:
442:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
300:
297:Western Bengal
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
253:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
197:Gunahar, Bogra
194:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
99:
97:Eastern Bengal
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
48:
46:Central Bengal
45:
44:
41:
40:
32:
31:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1584:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Chakma people
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Bhawal Estate
1439:
1437:
1436:Natore Palace
1434:
1432:
1431:Tajhat Palace
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:and Heirlooms
1400:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Chakma Circle
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Bhawal Estate
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:Alivardi Khan
1095:
1092:
1091:Sarfaraz Khan
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:Sarfaraz Khan
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:Gauda Kingdom
981:
980:
978:
974:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
939:
934:
932:
927:
925:
920:
919:
916:
906:
902:
898:
897:
889:
886:
874:
870:
864:
861:
856:
855:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
824:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
797:
795:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
764:
753:on 2018-09-19
752:
748:
744:
738:
735:
723:
719:
713:
710:
698:
694:
688:
685:
673:
669:
663:
660:
648:
644:
638:
636:
632:
627:
621:
617:
610:
608:
604:
597:
593:
592:Chakma Circle
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
575:
573:
571:
570:Marma peoples
567:
563:
559:
558:Chakma Circle
555:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
519:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Marma descent
487:
483:
479:
471:
467:
455:
450:
448:
443:
441:
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
304:Andul rajbari
302:
301:
298:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
251:
246:
245:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
187:
185:
181:
173:
168:
167:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
111:
109:
105:
94:
93:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
63:
62:
60:
58:
54:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
18:
17:
1501:Wasif Manzil
1466:Shashi Lodge
1421:Ahsan Manzil
1298:
1262:Jhargram Raj
1001:Deva dynasty
995:Sena dynasty
905:mong circle.
904:
895:
888:
877:. Retrieved
875:. 2010-01-15
872:
863:
853:
835:
830:
823:
809:(3): 75–80.
806:
802:
776:
772:
766:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
746:
737:
726:. Retrieved
724:. 2008-10-28
721:
712:
701:. Retrieved
699:. 2008-10-23
696:
687:
676:. Retrieved
674:. 2012-05-27
671:
662:
651:. Retrieved
649:. 2009-01-18
646:
615:
582:Marma people
551:
534:Saching Prue
529:
525:
523:
513:
502:Arakan State
500:(modern-day
493:
465:
463:
419:Mallick Bari
254:
237:Singranatore
217:Dulai, Pabna
176:
154:Prithimpassa
149:Panchakhanda
143:
100:
49:
1299:Mong Circle
1290:(1882–1969)
1279:Lalgola Raj
1199:Burdwan Raj
1177:(1838–1880)
1171:(1824–1838)
1165:(1821–1824)
1159:(1810–1821)
1153:(1793–1810)
1147:(1770–1793)
1135:(1766–1770)
1129:(1765–1766)
1123:(1763–1765)
1117:(1760–1763)
1111:(1757–1760)
1105:(1756–1757)
1099:(1740–1756)
1093:(1739–1740)
1087:(1727–1739)
1081:(1727–1727)
1075:(1717–1727)
1056:(1586–1949)
1050:(1858–1947)
1048:British Raj
1044:(1757–1858)
1038:(1717–1880)
1032:(1576–1707)
1026:(1342–1576)
997:(1070–1230)
989:Pala Empire
779:: 514–519.
672:Mong Circle
554:Feni valley
466:Mong Circle
424:Cooch Behar
364:Murshidabad
329:Dhanyakuria
274:Chandradwip
1526:Categories
1319:Pal family
1009:(694–1947)
879:2018-09-19
757:2018-09-19
728:2018-09-19
703:2018-09-19
678:2018-09-19
653:2018-09-19
598:References
520:Leadership
482:Bangladesh
359:Mahishadal
334:Gobardanga
192:Dighapatia
116:Baniachong
104:Chittagong
57:Mymensingh
1309:Nadia Raj
1267:Kandi Raj
1115:Mir Qasim
1007:Mallabhum
538:Chowdhury
414:Uttarpara
399:Sovabazar
354:Karnagarh
785:44145391
576:See also
530:karbaris
514:ragraisa
494:phalansa
474:ဖလံထောင်
389:Serampur
379:Nashipur
374:Narajole
349:Jhargram
339:Hetampur
314:Baruipur
309:Azimganj
266:Faridpur
258:Barishal
232:Dinajpur
184:Rajshahi
140:Kanihati
121:Barshala
21:a series
19:Part of
1157:Ali Jah
815:4370578
548:History
506:Myanmar
470:Burmese
394:Shibpur
384:Nimtita
324:Burdwan
284:Padamdi
279:Haturia
180:Rangpur
159:Sandwip
126:Bohmong
85:Karatia
65:Baliati
1141:(1770)
950:Topics
813:
783:
622:
566:Chakma
560:, the
344:Jagtai
319:Bawali
262:Khulna
222:Puthia
212:Natore
131:Chakma
108:Sylhet
75:Bhawal
70:Mohera
811:JSTOR
781:JSTOR
526:mouza
404:Surul
369:Nadia
80:Dhaka
53:Dhaka
1385:and
620:ISBN
568:and
464:The
409:Taki
264:and
182:and
144:Mong
106:and
55:and
901:122
504:in
1528::
903:.
871:.
843:^
807:17
805:.
793:^
777:33
775:.
745:.
720:.
695:.
670:.
645:.
634:^
606:^
516:.
472::
260:,
23:on
1389:)
1375:)
937:e
930:t
923:v
882:.
817:.
787:.
760:.
731:.
706:.
681:.
656:.
628:.
468:(
453:e
446:t
439:v
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