143:, Julia was a feminist and abolitionist who wore a new costume of bloomers, baggy pants covered by a short calico skirt, which provided ease in walking not afforded by a long skirt. Julia said of the party’s reaction to her outfit: “However much it lacked in taste, I found it gave me freedom to roam at pleasure in search of flowers and other curiosities, while the cattle continued their slow and measured pace.” Coming into contact with members of Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, Julia or her husband received offers for Julia, in one case John was asked to trade her for two Native American women. In her written accounts of the journey for her mother and an eastern feminist newspaper, The Sibyl, she described her unsuccessful attempt to share guard duty, the “large, finely formed, and noble looking” Cheyenne and Arapaho men, and her delight at reaching the 14,000 foot summit of Pikes Peak. Traveling with her husband, Julia was the first recorded European American woman to make it to the top.
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form of “mountain”. The rows were named
Leavenworth Row, Kansas Row and Lawrence Row. Although the area had been a frequent site where prospectors and trappers met and set up tents, the cabins were the first structures built in the Denver area. With Josiah Hinman as its president and William Boyer as it secretary, the group founded the “Montana Town Company”. John Easter was one of the men to build a cabin. Jason T. Younker, Howard Hunt, Charles Nichols and others were involved and promoted the town.
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Initially Fall Leaf agreed to lead the party, but plans changed and the group was led by J.H. Tierney. They left
Lawrence, Kansas late May or the first of June, 1858. Captain of the night guards, George W. Smith, coordinated the rotating guard shifts among the men of the party. One man of the group had been to California where he learned to prospect and was a resource for the rest of the expedition. The group also included a surveyor to establish a new town for trading.
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The remainder of the
Lawrence party still interested in searching for gold and establishing a town headed north. Along the east side of the South Platte River, the group built rows of cabins, the definition of a town in the western frontier, and called it “Montana City”, Montana being the feminine
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living on a reservation near
Lawrence, Kansas who met with Easter to negotiate the sale of a steer. Fall Leaf was a guide in 1857 for Major John Sedgwick’s cavalry unit to locate and attack the Cheyenne and Arapaho, in a series of attacks of retribution that stemmed from the killing of a Cheyenne
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on the
Arkansas River. After a stop, they continued northwest along the Arkansas until they reached the Fountaine qui Boille (Fountain River near present Pueblo). They followed the Fountain River in a northwesterly direction to Gardens of the Gods (present Colorado Springs) at the foot of Pikes
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John Holmes served under John Brown in battles contesting slavery. Julia, her husband and brother, eighteen-year-old Albert
Archibald, headed south for New Mexico. Julia wrote for the New York Herald and James was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to the position of Secretary of the New
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John Easter shared Fall Leaf’s account and determined that there was sufficient interest for the expedition to
Colorado in search of gold, opportunities and adventure. The Lawrence party, as they were called, included about four dozen people, two of them were women and there was one child.
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they heard that gold had been discovered on the South Platte River at Dry Creek. Discussions about what to do next led to a fracturing of the group. Some followed the hope of finding gold in the South Platte River. Another group went to
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Holmes states that: The group found gold at Pikes Peak. Some of the group desired to stay and others decided to go to the
Spanish Peaks and the group that Julie and James Holmes traveled with did not go north to Denver. (Holmes, p.
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The site selected because it was adjacent to placer gold diggings along the South Platte River. However, the gold diggings at
Montana City proved disappointing, and the site was soon abandoned in favor of the settlement of
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The abandoned
Montana City location is now the site of the Grant-Frontier Park located on South Platte River Drive in Denver, just southwest of the intersection of Santa Fe Drive and W. Evans Avenue.
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Perhaps Fort Riley. Fort Larned, Fort Dodge and Fort Atkinson are further west of Great Bend, after the point of the journey where the fort is mentioned. (Holmes, p. 200).
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Mexico territory. The couple divorced and Julia worked in Washington, D.C. where she became the chief of the Bureau of Education, Division of Spanish Correspondence.
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This was likely the New York Herald, since it was not renamed the New York Herald Tribune until 1924 and the Holmes had moved to Washington D.C. in 1870.
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Muntz, Geoffrey; and Alan Wuth. (1983) A Path Through Time: A Guide to the Platte River Greenway. Frederick, Colorado: Jende-Hagan Book Corporation.
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Robertson comments that some of the people returned to Kansas, some stayed in Colorado and the “Holmes party” went south to Taos and later Santa Fe.
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O'Brien, Mary Barmeyer.(1997) Heart of the Trail: The Stories of Eight Wagon Train Women. Guilford, CT: The Globe Pequot Press. pp. 11–17.
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Jayne, Walter Addison. Colorado State Medical Society. (1922) Medical Coloradoana. Denver: The Colorado State Medical Society. p. 2.
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Robertson, Janet. (2003) The Magnificent Mountain Women: Adventures in the Colorado. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 2-6.
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The South Platte did not yield gold and many of the remaining men from Kansas returned home. The cabins were dismantled and relocated to
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Hall, Frank. Rocky Mountain Historical Society. (1895) History of the state of Colorado. 4:20. Chicago: The Blakely Printing Company.
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After a month spent prospecting in the Pikes Peak and South Park areas, the group gave up on the idea of establishing a town near
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Stone, Wilbur Fiske. (1918) History of Colorado. 1:134 Chicago: The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company. pp. 134, 234-236.
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Holmes, Kenneth L. (1998) . Covered wagon women: 1854 - 1860. pp. 191–216. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
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Lavender, David Sievert; Smith, Duane A. (2003) . The Rockies. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 131.
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Corbett, Thomas B. (1879) The Colorado Directory of Mines. Denver: Rocky Mountain News Printing Company. p. 37
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Hill, Alice Polk. (1915). Colorado Pioneers in Picture and Story. Denver: Brock-Hafner Press. pp. 40–41
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Ferril, William Columbus (1911). Sketches of Colorado.1:21-22. Denver: Western Press Bureau Company.
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Capace, Nance. Colorado. (1999) Encyclopedia of Colorado. Somerset Publishers. p. 90.
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J.D. Miller and George Peck also climbed Pikes Peak, either with the Holmes or before them.
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John Easter later moved to the Cripple Creek mining district, west of Colorado Springs.
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The expedition traveled from northeastern Kansas with eleven wagons along the
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Peak where they camped the remained of July and early August, 1858.
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Reconstructed cabin and mine headframe at site of Montana City
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On the trip from Kansas were newlyweds twenty-year-old
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and includes mining equipment and a log cabin replica.
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First settlement in what later became Denver, Colorado
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was the first settlement in what was later to become
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274:Geography of Colorado
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