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Montevideo Maru

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590: 53: 743:, which contained the names of all the Australians on board, was among them. The translation of the manifest was released in June 2012, confirming a total of 1,054 Australians, of whom 845 were from Lark Force. The new translation corrected a longstanding historical error in the number of civilians who went down with the ship. There were 209, not 208 as previously thought. This is not an additional casualty. Rather, the previous number was simply inaccurate. 89: 26: 2265: 2248: 2260: 2240: 440:
There were more POWs in the water than crew members. The POWs were holding pieces of wood and using bigger pieces as rafts. They were in groups of 20 to 30 people, probably 100 people in all. They were singing songs. I was particularly impressed when they began singing Auld Lang Syne as a tribute to
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The sinking is considered the worst maritime disaster in Australia's history. A nominal list made available by the Japanese government in 2012 revealed that a total of 1,054 prisoners (178 non-commissioned officers, 667 soldiers and 209 civilians) died on the
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considers it unlikely that any Japanese ship would have stopped to rescue prisoners with a hostile submarine nearby. Of the known Japanese survivors, the only one ever questioned was former merchant seaman Yoshiaki Yamaji. In a 2003 interview with
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said he hoped the news would bring a "measure of comfort to loved ones who have kept a long vigil". Silentworld Foundation director John Mullens said in a statement that the site would not be disturbed because it is a war grave.
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delivering a total of 3,400 kilowatts (4,600 hp) and giving it a speed of 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h). Before the war, the ship operated as a passenger and cargo vessel, travelling mainly between Japan and Brazil carrying
1320: 701:, the senior government official in the territory, was instructed to evacuate only "unnecessary" civilians and was refused permission to evacuate any administrative staff. He was listed among those lost on the 879: 2307: 1574: 1287: 2317: 1310: 659:) argued in an interview that some of the Australians survived, only for them to die later. Speer, who served in New Guinea, claimed that survivors were transported to 1710: 1351: 752: 2297: 1382: 388:
to the Japanese during January/February 1942, 1,054 prisoners (mostly Australians and possibly some New Zealanders) were embarked from Rabaul's port onto
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was left without reinforcements, and instructed not to withdraw, in accordance with official War Cabinet policy at the time regarding small garrisons.
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before dawn on 1 July 1942. At least one torpedo hit, causing the vessel to take on water and sink 11 minutes later. Australians in the water sang "
1227: 871: 911: 2069: 1148: 2210: 1703: 1527: 1494: 1436: 1074: 1172:"At last, his resting place is known: Andrew Hastie's tribute to great uncle lost on SS Montevideo Maru, as WWII wreckage discovered" 1079: 344:, and launched in 1926. At 130 metres (430 feet) in length, and 17 m (56 ft) in the beam, it was powered by two Mitsubishi- 2268: 2264: 1570: 1474: 1283: 1101: 1412: 1046: 729:
it had been compiled from; these challenges have been exacerbated by the forensic difficulties of recovering remains lost at sea.
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s complement of 88, some 17 crew and 3 guards are believed to have survived, though a total of 17 has also been claimed.
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on 1 July 1942, drowning 1,054 people, mostly Australian prisoners of war and civilians who were being transported from
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by Australian pop-rock band Midnight Oil opens with the autobiographical line, "My grandfather went down with the
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Citadel band. The bandsmen had enlisted together and comprised the majority of the band of the 2/22nd Battalion.
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slowed to about 12 knots (22 km/h) at midnight, to facilitate an expected rendezvous with an escort of two
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In 2012, the Japanese government handed over thousands of POW documents to the Australian government. The
634: 333: 204: 1284:"World War II shipwreck of SS Montevideo Maru, which sank with over 1,000 POWs, found in South China Sea" 2143: 2052: 1315: 690: 400: 345: 291: 168: 2221: 1219: 907: 376:(then Celebes) from 6 to 16 February, 1942. It completed several transport missions before being sunk. 2159: 1735: 1633: 614: 606: 531: 349: 2287: 2190: 2026: 1761: 1181: 512: 354: 329: 92: 1983: 1927: 1879: 1688: 722: 713:
It has been difficult to determine a definitive number of the dead. As late as 2010, Australia's
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Reverend Syd Beazley of the Methodist Mission, the uncle of future Australian Labor Party leader
457: 305:. The sinking is considered the worst maritime disaster in Australia's history. The wreck of the 740: 1629: 1885: 1523: 1470: 1140: 272: 2080: 1818: 1032:
Margaret Reeson, A Very Long War, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2000, 200 pp. p. 60
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The memorial to the Australians killed in the defence of Rabaul and the sinking of the MV
565: 280: 88: 1112: 629:, Victoria. A commemoration service was held at the memorial unveiling in February 2004. 1404: 1007: 2136: 1844: 1812: 1543: 1375:"SS Montevideo Maru shipwreck found 81 years after Australia's worst maritime disaster" 1176: 508: 433: 385: 1644: 1042: 953: 725:' 1945 list of the Australian dead was lost, along with the original Japanese list in 332:(OSK) shipping line built for their trans-Pacific service to South America. The 7,267- 2281: 2169: 2042: 2010: 1901: 1891: 1857: 1828: 721:, stated that "there is no absolutely confirmed roll". Australian Army officer Major 535: 502: 496: 412:
pursued but could not fire, as the target was travelling at 17 knots (31 km/h).
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Australia's Forgotten Prisoners: Civilians Interned by the Japanese in World War Two
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A memorial to those who died was erected at the Repatriation Hospital, Bell Street,
2149: 2063: 1863: 1491:"Montevideo Maru – Lost Lives – The Second World War and the Islands of New Guinea" 782: 678:, he stated that he was told that some of the POWs had been picked up and taken to 656: 492: 284: 1517: 2096: 1949: 841: 698: 668: 660: 551: 486: 476: 441:
their dead colleagues. Watching that, I learnt that Australians have big hearts.
283:. Launched in 1926, it was pressed into service as a military transport during 257: 1311:"'Measure of comfort': Wreckage from Australia's worst maritime disaster found" 2200: 1751: 1255: 694: 543: 480: 479:, deputy administrator of New Guinea and brother of Australian prime minister 244: 77: 1674: 1661: 1639: 1250: 655:
Australian veteran Albert Speer (no relation to the wartime German official,
1961: 1852: 610: 420:. Unaware that the ship was carrying Allied prisoners of war and civilians, 417: 397: 288: 1111:. Commonwealth of Australia. 21 June 2010. pp. 71, 214. Archived from 984: 2179: 726: 626: 373: 369: 341: 117: 501:
Neill Ross Callaghan, the great uncle of a shadow minister for defence,
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2 × 1,700 kW (2,300 hp) Mitsubishi-Sulzer 6ST60 diesel engines
642:/The Rising Sun sent him floating to his rest", sung by Peter Garrett. 564:
was discovered at a depth of over 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in the
425: 1597:"Montevideo Maru – The worst maritime disaster in Australian history" 872:"Rediscovered WWII ship wreck: New Zealanders may have been on board" 813: 393: 302: 298: 1596: 1043:"Montevideo Maru – The sinking of the Montevideo Maru, 1 July 1942" 975: 973: 971: 588: 573: 569: 456:. Among the dead were 35 sailors from the Norwegian merchant ship 103: 1344:"Japanese Ship, Torpedoed in 1942 With P.O.W.s Aboard, Is Found" 1109:
No. 10, 2010 Forty-second Parliament First Session—Eighth Period
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A Story of the Salvos, Compass, ABC television, 20 April 2008
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John Laurie Ramsay, brother of future Governor of Queensland
392:. It was proceeding without escort to the Chinese island of 572:, using technology from Dutch underwater search specialist 944:"Silence broken on Australia's worst maritime disaster" 550:, in the same way that he had supported the search for 1571:"How Long Do Dead Bodies Remain Intact in the Ocean?" 384:
On 22 June 1942, approximately four months after the
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Eyewitness Yoshiaki Yamaji, interviewed October 2003
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near the northern Philippine coast on 30 June 1942.
301:, the former Australian territory of New Guinea, to 2127: 1724: 1405:"Montevideo Maru Memorial at Ballarat POW Memorial" 621:memorial has been erected near the centre of the 1647:, part of the Australian Army garrison on Rabaul 983:. National Archives of Australia. Archived from 1135: 1133: 438: 2308:World War II shipwrecks in the South China Sea 1719:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in July 1942 753:List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll 16:Japanese ship sunk in World War II (1925–1942) 1704: 1008:"MV Montevideo Maru – A Japanese Prison Ship" 685:The Rabaul garrison has been described as a " 8: 511:bandsmen, the majority being members of the 1102:"House of Representatives Official Hansard" 937: 935: 933: 931: 929: 2318:Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 1711: 1697: 1689: 1522:. Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 777: 775: 773: 1651:"Montevideo Maru remembered 70 years on" 1449:A Very Long War: The Families Who Waited 632:The song "In the Valley" from the album 336: (GRT) ship was constructed at the 1379:Australia Broadcasting Corporation News 1373:Morris-Grant, Brianna (22 April 2023). 769: 623:Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial 491:Tom Vernon Garrett, the grandfather of 836: 834: 396:, when it was sighted by the American 20: 1653:– Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1497:from the original on 10 November 2009 1415:from the original on 10 November 2009 783:"Montevideo Maru 1926–1942 OSK Lines" 49: 7: 2298:World War II merchant ships of Japan 1550:from the original on 17 January 2013 1049:from the original on 21 January 2013 914:from the original on 27 January 2009 901: 899: 897: 495:lead singer and government minister 462:. Based on a report made to OSK, of 1309:Galloway, Anthony (22 April 2023). 560:On 18 April 2023, the wreck of the 320:was one of three ships (along with 1385:from the original on 22 April 2023 1354:from the original on 22 April 2023 1323:from the original on 22 April 2023 1290:from the original on 22 April 2023 1230:from the original on 26 April 2023 1188:from the original on 23 April 2023 1082:from the original on 23 March 2019 1075:Australian Dictionary of Biography 981:"Montevideo Maru – About the List" 882:from the original on 25 April 2023 793:from the original on 28 April 2014 472:Among the missing prisoners were: 14: 2303:Ships sunk by American submarines 1577:from the original on 14 July 2011 1469:. Pymble, N.S.W.: HarperCollins. 1455:, 2000. Retrieved 29 January 2010 1263:from the original on 1 April 2011 1070:"Page, Harold Hillis (1888–1942)" 1014:from the original on 9 April 2013 812:Australia, National Archives of. 665:dropping of atomic bombs on Japan 309:was discovered on 18 April 2023. 195:Refrigerated passenger/cargo ship 2263: 2258: 2246: 2238: 1607:from the original on 5 July 2012 1569:Brendan Borrell (10 June 2009). 1151:from the original on 31 May 2010 368:participated in the invasion of 87: 51: 24: 2313:Maritime incidents in July 1942 2293:2023 archaeological discoveries 852:from the original on 6 May 2022 1632:, a tribute to civilians from 1601:National Archives of Australia 1282:Law, Heather (21 April 2023). 942:Mark Simkin (6 October 2003). 715:Minister for Defence Personnel 663:, only to die days before the 530:In late January 2010, Federal 338:Mitsubishi Zosen Kakoki Kaisha 287:. It was sunk by the American 230:7.6 m (25 ft) loaded 114:Mitsubishi Zosen Kakoki Kaisha 1: 1220:"Corporal John Laurie Ramsay" 597:, on the eastern side of the 568:, off the northwest coast of 279:) was a merchant ship of the 34: 1342:Ives, Mark (22 April 2023). 667:, in August 1945. Professor 576:. Australian prime minister 1170:Yim, Noah (13 April 2023). 1045:. Australian War Memorial. 758:List of Japanese hell ships 540:Prime Minister of Australia 2339: 1516:Twomey, Christina (2007). 1010:. Claire Déglon Marriott. 2233: 1251:"Now for Montevideo Maru" 818:montevideomaru.naa.gov.au 546:, to back the search for 276: 178: 44: 23: 1544:"Death – The Last Taboo" 1439:10 November 2009 at the 1068:Sweeting, A. J. (1988). 214:130 m (430 ft) 179:General characteristics 2053:HM Motor Gun Boat  1573:. Scientific American. 1209:, Rob Mitchell, page 22 910:. montevideomaru.info. 599:Australian War Memorial 538:, called upon the then 635:Earth and Sun and Moon 602: 526:Discovery of the wreck 449: 222:17 m (56 ft) 1546:. Australian Museum. 1443:, Lost Lives quoting 1316:Sydney Morning Herald 908:"The Montevideo Maru" 842:"Japanese Transports" 592: 1630:People of the Plaque 709:Number of casualties 532:Member of Parliament 361:World War II service 2323:Japanese hell ships 1785:Christopher Newport 1671: /  1636:who died in the war 1467:John Curtin: a life 1182:News Corp Australia 906:Rod Miller (2003). 348:6ST60 six-cylinder 330:Osaka Shosen Kaisha 93:Osaka Shosen Kaisha 1675:18.617°N 119.483°E 1465:David Day (2006). 1348:The New York Times 1118:on 11 October 2010 987:on 16 January 2013 723:Harold S. Williams 603: 355:Japanese emigrants 334:gross register ton 2275: 2274: 2161:J. A. Moffett Jr. 1969:Gloucester Castle 1737:Edward Luckenbach 1226:. 25 April 2023. 1207:One Bloke's Story 1145:midnight-oil.info 1006:Alice M. Bowman. 878:. 23 April 2023. 846:Combinedfleet.com 264: 263: 2330: 2267: 2262: 2250: 2242: 2226: 2216: 2205: 2195: 2192:Pennsylvania Sun 2185: 2174: 2164: 2154: 2120: 2091: 2075: 2058: 2047: 2037: 2028:Toufic El Rahman 2021: 2004: 1994: 1978: 1962:Empire Attendant 1955: 1932: 1916: 1906: 1896: 1874: 1839: 1823: 1788: 1772: 1763:Alexander Macomb 1756: 1746: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1462: 1456: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1249:Robert, Stuart. 1246: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1224:geni_family_tree 1216: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1167: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1137: 1128: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1117: 1106: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1078:. Vol. 11. 1065: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1003: 997: 996: 994: 992: 977: 966: 965: 963: 961: 952:. Archived from 939: 924: 923: 921: 919: 903: 892: 891: 889: 887: 868: 862: 861: 859: 857: 838: 829: 828: 826: 824: 809: 803: 802: 800: 798: 779: 738: 687:sacrificial lamb 651:Causes of deaths 601:in November 2012 578:Anthony Albanese 468: 447: 278: 260:(26.9 km/h) 135:9 September 1925 100:Port of registry 91: 59: 56: 55: 54: 39: 36: 28: 21: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2254: 2229: 2219: 2208: 2198: 2188: 2177: 2167: 2157: 2134: 2128:Other incidents 2123: 2094: 2078: 2061: 2050: 2040: 2024: 2007: 1997: 1981: 1958: 1935: 1929:R. W. Gallagher 1919: 1909: 1899: 1881:Empire Explorer 1877: 1842: 1826: 1791: 1775: 1759: 1749: 1743:Montevideo Maru 1733: 1720: 1717: 1680:18.617; 119.483 1679: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1610: 1608: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1530: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1500: 1498: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1445:Margaret Reeson 1441:Wayback Machine 1434:Montevideo Maru 1432: 1428: 1418: 1416: 1403: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1357: 1355: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1293: 1291: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1266: 1264: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1231: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1191: 1189: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1141:"In The Valley" 1139: 1138: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1085: 1083: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1052: 1050: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1017: 1015: 1005: 1004: 1000: 990: 988: 979: 978: 969: 959: 957: 956:on 4 March 2016 949:The 7.30 Report 941: 940: 927: 917: 915: 905: 904: 895: 885: 883: 870: 869: 865: 855: 853: 840: 839: 832: 822: 820: 811: 810: 806: 796: 794: 781: 780: 771: 766: 749: 736: 734:Montevideo Maru 711: 703:Montevideo Maru 675:The 7.30 Report 653: 648: 619:Montevideo Maru 595:Montevideo Maru 587: 566:South China Sea 562:Montevideo Maru 548:Montevideo Maru 528: 466: 464:Montevideo Maru 454:Montevideo Maru 448: 445: 430:Montevideo Maru 414:Montevideo Maru 390:Montevideo Maru 382: 366:Montevideo Maru 363: 318:Montevideo Maru 315: 313:Pre-war history 307:Montevideo Maru 281:Empire of Japan 268:Montevideo Maru 68:Montevideo Maru 57: 52: 50: 40: 37: 31:Montevideo Maru 17: 12: 11: 5: 2336: 2334: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2227: 2217: 2206: 2196: 2186: 2175: 2165: 2155: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2121: 2092: 2076: 2059: 2048: 2038: 2022: 2005: 1995: 1979: 1956: 1933: 1917: 1907: 1897: 1887:Nicholas Cuneo 1875: 1840: 1824: 1789: 1773: 1757: 1747: 1730: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1715: 1708: 1701: 1693: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1637: 1625: 1624:External links 1622: 1619: 1618: 1588: 1561: 1535: 1529:978-0521612890 1528: 1508: 1482: 1475: 1457: 1426: 1396: 1365: 1334: 1301: 1274: 1241: 1211: 1199: 1177:The Australian 1162: 1129: 1093: 1060: 1034: 1025: 998: 967: 925: 893: 863: 830: 804: 768: 767: 765: 762: 761: 760: 755: 748: 745: 710: 707: 652: 649: 647: 646:Debated issues 644: 586: 583: 527: 524: 523: 522: 516: 509:Salvation Army 505: 499: 489: 483: 443: 434:Auld Lang Syne 386:fall of Rabaul 381: 378: 362: 359: 350:diesel engines 314: 311: 262: 261: 254: 250: 249: 248: 247: 241: 236: 232: 231: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 201: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 185: 184:Class and type 181: 180: 176: 175: 165: 161: 160: 157: 156:Out of service 153: 152: 151:14 August 1926 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 47: 46: 42: 41: 29: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2335: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2140: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2082:Robert E. 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CNN. 554:Centaur 380:Sinking 277:もんてびでお丸 227:Draught 200:Tonnage 110:Builder 45:History 2211:V 203 2070:V 202 2044:Oaxaca 1952:Arcata 1779:Nenohi 1611:1 July 1526:  1473:  394:Hainan 346:Sulzer 303:Hainan 299:Rabaul 211:Length 2117:U-754 2111:U-588 2105:U-213 2088:U-166 2001:U-751 1975:U-576 1923:U-153 1913:U-136 1871:U-701 1836:U-502 1808:Niger 1795:Arare 1769:U-215 1116:(PDF) 1105:(PDF) 737:' 689:" by 574:Fugro 570:Luzon 467:' 258:knots 256:14.5 253:Speed 104:Osaka 95:(OSK) 84:Owner 58:Japan 2252:1943 2244:1942 2236:1941 2182:S-16 2145:Argo 2034:U-90 1613:2012 1583:2012 1556:2012 1524:ISBN 1503:2012 1471:ISBN 1421:2010 1391:2023 1360:2023 1329:2023 1296:2023 1269:2010 1236:2023 1194:2023 1157:2010 1124:2010 1088:2019 1055:2012 1020:2012 993:2012 962:2008 920:2008 888:2023 858:2023 825:2023 799:2012 680:Kobe 617:. A 552:AHS 324:and 219:Beam 192:Type 164:Fate 64:Name 2055:501 1453:MUP 876:RNZ 682:. 625:in 507:22 428:at 205:GRT 127:412 2284:: 2148:, 2142:, 2114:, 2108:, 2102:, 2085:, 2068:, 2031:, 2014:, 1988:, 1972:, 1965:, 1948:, 1942:, 1926:, 1890:, 1884:, 1868:, 1862:, 1856:, 1850:, 1833:, 1817:, 1811:, 1804:, 1798:, 1782:, 1766:, 1740:, 1603:. 1599:. 1493:. 1451:, 1447:, 1411:. 1407:. 1381:. 1377:. 1350:. 1346:. 1319:. 1313:. 1259:. 1253:. 1222:. 1184:. 1180:. 1174:. 1147:. 1143:. 1132:^ 1107:. 1072:. 970:^ 946:. 928:^ 896:^ 874:. 848:. 844:. 833:^ 816:. 789:. 785:. 772:^ 739:s 717:, 705:. 693:. 613:, 609:, 557:. 542:, 534:, 372:, 357:. 275:: 116:, 35:c. 33:, 1712:e 1705:t 1698:v 1615:. 1585:. 1558:. 1532:. 1505:. 1479:. 1423:. 1393:. 1362:. 1331:. 1298:. 1271:. 1238:. 1196:. 1159:. 1126:. 1090:. 1057:. 1022:. 995:. 964:. 922:. 890:. 860:. 827:. 801:. 271:(

Index

Montevideo Maru c.1941
Montevideo

Osaka Shosen Kaisha
Osaka
Mitsubishi Zosen Kakoki Kaisha
Nagasaki
USS Sturgeon
GRT
propellers
knots
Japanese
Empire of Japan
World War II
submarine
USS Sturgeon
Rabaul
Hainan
Osaka Shosen Kaisha
gross register ton
Mitsubishi Zosen Kakoki Kaisha
Nagasaki
Sulzer
diesel engines
Japanese emigrants
Makassar
Sulawesi
fall of Rabaul
Hainan
submarine

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